Laws and Treaties Applicable to APES

Antarctic Treaty
1959
It was amended in 1961.
Domestic
The Antarctic Treaty was founded with the intention of demilitarizing the continent of Antarctica in order to
strictly limit its use to that of a peaceful nature.
This treaty affects the environmental issues of environmental protection and wildlife protection.
The Council of Managers of the National Antarctic Programs is responsible for the regulation of the Antarctic
Treaty.
Cairo Conference on Population and Development
1994
International
The Cairo Conference on Population and Development was held in order to address various issues including
gender equality, human rights. It was targeted towards womens rights and equality in regards to health care and
education.
This act affects the environmental issue of public health.
The International Conference on Population and Development is in charge of regulation.
Clean Air Acts
1963
It was amended in 1965, 1966, 1967, 1969, and 1970
Domestic
The Clean Air Acts are intended to protect the environment and the health of its inhabitants from the pollutants
in the air.
These acts affect the environmental issue of pollution of the air and ozone including that of manufacturing
plants, refineries, etc.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the agency in charge of the regulation of the Clean Air Acts. It
is also enforced by individual states.
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation Liability Act (CERCLA)
1980
This act was amended in 1986
Domestic
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation Liability Act was established to create a fund
should hazardous wastes, pollutants, or contaminants be released into the environment.
The environmental issues affected are environmental protection and safety.
The Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for regulation.
Conference on Environment and Development (Rio Earth Summit)
1992
International
The Conference on Environment and Development was held in order to ensure the health of the planet for the
future.
The environmental issues affected are sustainable and environmental development.
The United Nations is in charge of regulation.
Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol
1994
International

The Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol was held/established in order to create the
framework reduce pollution in an attempt to offset climate change.
The environmental issue affected is pollution.
The United Nations is in charge of regulation.
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)
1973
International
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species was created for the purpose of protecting wildlife
during international trade and assuring their survival during trade.
This treaty affects the environmental issue of wildlife protection.
Individual states bound by the Convention (CITES) are responsible for regulation.
Convention on Ozone Depletion and the Montreal Protocol
1989
The protocol was amended in 1991, 1993,1996, 1998, 2000, and 2008
International
The Convention on Ozone Depletion and the Montreal Protocol was held/created in order to reduce and prevent
further ozone depletion by lowering the consumption of ozone depleting substances.
This protocol affects the environmental issue of ozone depletion.
The European Union is responsible for regulation
Declaration of the Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm Declaration)
1972
International
The Declaration of the Conference on the Human Environment is intended to preserve and strengthen the
human environment by establishing the connection between man and nature and the affects man has on nature
as well as the responsibilities man has to nature.
The environmental issues affected are environmental protection.
The Environmental Protection Agency is in charge of enforcement.
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA)
1986
Domestic
This act was created following concerns of a toxic disaster in India for the purpose of assisting local
communities with the planning of and protection of the environment and public health of individuals in regards
to chemical hazards.
This act affects the environmental issue of disposal and storage of toxic chemicals.
Each state has an appointed State Emergency Response Commission is charge of the regulation of the act. The
SERC is responsible for dividing the state into districts and selecting a Local Emergency Planning Committee.
In doing so, people of knowledge, like firefighters and health officials, are selected as board representatives.
Endangered Species Act
1973
International and Domestic
The Endangered Species Act was amended in 1978, 1982, 1988, 2004, and 2009.
International
The Endangered Species Act was established for the purpose of protecting threatened and endangered animals
and their habitats. It also oversees endangered plants.
This act affects the environmental issue of animal extinction and wildlife protection.

The Endangered Species Act is regulated by both the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations
National Marine Fisheries Service and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Energy Policy Act
1992
Domestic
The Energy Policy Act was created in order to promote the efficient and conscious use of energy as well as
eliminating the release of gas during the importation and exportation of natural gases.
This act affects the environmental issues of environmental protection and wildlife protection.
The Environmental Protection Agency is the agency that enforces this act.
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA)
1938
The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act was amended in 1962 and 1976.
Domestic
The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) was created with the intention of protecting the safety of
the public and disclosing information in order to ensure accurate product labeling and the effective and safe
consumption of the general public.
This act affects the environmental issues of public health.
The Environmental Protective Agency is the group in charge of regulating the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act.
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
1947
The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act was amended in 1988.
Domestic
The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act was established in order to control the use, distribution,
and sale of pesticides.
This act affects the environmental issue of public health and environmental safety.
The Environmental Protective Agency is responsible for the regulation of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
and Rodenticide Act.
Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA)
1996
Domestic
The Food Quality Protection Act was created for the protection of infants and children by creating a new
standard for the residue of pesticides in food.
This act affects the environmental issue of public health and environmental safety.
The Environmental Protection Agency is the agency that regulates the Food Quality Protection Act.
Lacey Act
1990
The Lacey Act was amended in 2008.
Domestic
The Lacy Act was created in order to protect wildlife by banning the illegal trafficking of plants, fish, etc.
This act affects the environmental issue of wildlife protection.
The Environmental Investigation Agency is the group in charge of regulating the Lacey Act.
Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC)
1983
International

The Law of Sea Convention serves to ensure that the ocean is free of pollution and is not being abused by
outlining guidelines and regulations.
This affects the environmental issues of marine protection.
The International Court of Justice and the National Ocean Atmospheric Administration are responsible for the
regulation of the Law of the Sea Convention.
Madrid Protocol
1991
International
The Madrid Protocol allows mark protection for trademark holders across the board in multiple countries.
The environmental issue affected is consumerism.
The International Bureau is responsible for the regulation of the Madrid Protocol.
Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act
1934
This act was amended in 2002
Domestic
The Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act was established in order to require fowl hunters under the age of 17 to
obtain and possess a valid Federal hunting stamp.
This act affects the environmental issue of wildlife protection.
The Secretary of Agriculture, Department of Interior are in charge of regulation.
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
1969
Domestic
The National Environmental Policy Act was created to protect the environment so that a nature and man may
coexist.
This act affects the issue of environmental protection.
The Council on Environmental Quality is in charge of the enforcement and regulation of the National
Environmental Policy Act.
National Wildlife Refuge System Act
1966
The National Wildlife Refuge System Act was amended in 1974 and 1978.
Domestic
The National Wildlife Refuge System Act was created for the purpose of protecting and conserving wildlife (i.e.
fish, birds, plants).
This act affects the environmental issue of wildlife an environmental protection.
The National Wildlife Refuge System Act is regulated via Service Manual chapters.
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
1970
Domestic
The Occupational Safety and Health Act was established in order to ensure a safe working environment.
This act affects the environmental issue of public health and safety.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration is responsible for the regulation of the Occupational Safety
and Health Act.
Oil Pollution Act (OPA)
1990
Domestic
The Oil Pollution Act was created for the purpose of oil spill prevention and clean up.

This act affects the environmental issue of pollution and environmental safety.
The Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for the enforcement and regulation of the Oil Pollution
Act.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
1976
Domestic
The Resource Conservational Recovery Act was created to monitor and control hazardous wastes from
beginning to end. This entails its storage, disposal, transport, and treatment.
This act affects the environmental issue of environmental safety.
The Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for regulating the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act.
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
1974
This act was amended in 1996.
Domestic
The Safe Drinking Water Act was founded to ensure the quality of drinking water and/or water potentially
designed for drinking purposes.
This act affects the environmental issue of public health.
The Environmental Protection Agency is in charge of enforcing and regulating the Safe Drinking Water Act.
Soil Conservation Act
1935
This act was amended in 1936, 1937, 1962, 1977, and 1985.
Domestic
The Soil Conservation Act was established in order to prevent the erosion of soil by conduction soil erosion
surveys and taking preventative measures.
This act affects the environmental issue of soil erosion and conservation.
The Soil Conservation Service, under the Department of Agriculture, is responsible for the regulation of the Soil
Conservation Act.
Solid Waste Disposal Act
1965
It was amended in 1976.
Domestic
The Solid Waste Disposal Act was created to monitor the disposal, treatment, and storage of hazardous and
nonhazardous wastes.
This act affects the environmental issue of environmental safety and public health.
The Solid Waste Disposal Act is regulated by both individual states and their respective Environmental
Protective Agency.
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA)
1977
This act was amended in 1995.
Domestic
The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act was established to ensure the reclamation of abandoned coal
mines and the regulation of surface mining in active mines.
This act affects the environmental issue of environmental degradation.
The Office of Surface Mining and individual states are responsible for the regulation of the Surface Mining
Control and Reclamation Act.

Taylor Grazing Act

1934
Domestic
The Taylor Grazing Act was established in order to regulate the grazing [of livestock] on federal public lands.
This act affects the environmental issues of soil depletion and deterioration.
The US Department of Interior Bureau of Land Management is responsible for the regulation of this act.
Toxic Substance Control Act
1976
International
The Toxic Substance Control Act was created in order to monitor chemical substances and mixtures by
monitoring the reporting and record-keeping of said substances.
This act affects the environmental issues of environmental protection and public safety.
The Environmental Protection Agency is in charge of regulating this act.
U.S. Clean Water Act
1977
This act was amended in 1981 and 1987.
International
The U.S. Clean Water Act was constructed for the purpose of regulating the discharge of pollutants into U.S.
water and the quality of surface water.
This act affects the environmental issue of water quality and pollution control.
The Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for enforcing this act.
Wild and Scenic Rivers Act
1968
Domestic
The Wild and Scenic Rivers Act was created to ensure the preservation of unique rivers and proper use of these
rivers.
This act affects the environmental issue of environmental preservation and protection.
The Bureau of Land Management is the group in charge of the regulation of the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act.
Wilderness Act
1964
Domestic
The Wilderness Act was established in order to preserve nature by noting the connection between man and
nature and the concept of wildlife being undisturbed by man and designating protected wilderness areas.
This act affects the environmental issue of wildlife preservation.
The National Park Service is held responsible for the enforcement of the Wilderness Act.