8051

MICROCONTROLLE
R
A RESEARCH PAPER

PRESENTED BY:

MOHIT YADAV
What is 8051 ?
8051 is a 8-bit family of microcontroller which was developed by Intel in 1981.It is one of the
most popular microcontroller which is being used around the world. This microcontroller is also
referred as a system on a chip as it has 128 bytes of RAM, 2 Timers, 1 Serial port, 4Kbytes of
ROM, and 4 ports on single chip. The Central Processing Unit could work for only eight bits of
data at single time because 8051 is 8-bit processor. In the case, when the data is larger than eight
bits then it is to be broken into small parts so that the Central Processing Unit can process
easily. Most of the manufacturers have put 4Kilobytes of Read Only Memory when the quantity
of ROM could be increased upto 64 Kilo bytes.

8051 has been used in a large number of devices or products, mainly because it is easy to
integrate into a project and build a device around. The major areas of focus are:
i. ) Energy Management: Effective metering systems help in controlling the usage of energy at
homes and in industrial applications. Such metering systems are made competent by including
microcontrollers.
ii. ) Touch screen: A large number of microcontroller suppliers includes touch-sensing abilities in
their designs.
iii. ) Automobile: 8051 finds huge acceptance in giving automobile solutions. They are
extensively used in hybrid vehicles to supervise engine variants. Additional functions like antibrake system and cruise control have been made more effective with
use of the
microcontrollers.
iv. ) Medical Device: Portable medical device such as glucose monitors and blood pressure use
microcontrollers to display the data, thus giving higher reliability in giving medical results.

8051 Family
Intel created the original 8051 which is also known as MCS-51. The two members of 8051
other then 8051 are:
i. 8052 This is the microcontroller which has 256 bytes of Random Access Memory and
three timers. With addition of standard characteristics of 8051, this 8052 microcontroller has an
added 128 bytes of Random Access Memory and the timer. It has 8Kilo bytes of an On- chip
program Read Only Memory. The programs which are written for the projects using 8051
microcontroller could be used to run the projects using 8052 microcontroller because 8051 is a
subset of 8052.

ii. 8031 This is the microcontroller which has all the characterisitics of 8051 except for it to
be Read Only Memory-less. An external Read Only Memory that could be as large as 64 Kilo
bytes should be programmed and inserted into the chip for execution. The drawback of adding an
external Read Only Memory is that 2 ports (out of 4 ports) are used. Therefore, only 2 ports are
left for Input-Output operations which could also be added externally if necessary.
Comparison of 8051 family members:
Features
RAM(bytes)
ROM
Timers
Serial port
I/O pins
Interrupt sources
8051 Pin Diagram & Description

For describing pin diagram and pin configuration of 8051, we are taking into consideration a 40
pin DIP (Dual inline package). Now lets go through pin configuration in detail.
Pin-40 :- Vcc : main power source(+5V DC).
Pins 32-39:- Port 0 (from P0.0 to P0.7) serving as I/O port, and lower order address and data
bus signals are also multiplexed with the port (it serves the purpose of memory interfacing). It is
a bi directional(two directions) Inpuput-Output port and an external pull up resistor is requiredso
that this port functions as Input-Output.
Pin-31:- ALE (Address Latch Enable) which used to demultiplex address-data signal of port
0(for memory interfacing.) Two Address Latch Enable pulses are present for each of the
machine cycle.
Pin-30:- EA or External Access input. It is used to enable or disable the external memory
interfacing. If no external memory required then this pin is pulled up(high) by connecting it to
Vcc.

Pin- 29:- PSEN -Program Store Enable. It is used to read the signals from an external program
memory.
Pins- 21-28:- It is Known as Port 2-P 2.0 to P 2.7. While serving as Input/Output port, the
address bus(higher order) signals are also multiplexed with this port(quasi bi-directional).
Pin 20:- Vss Ground connection is represented by this(0 V).
Pins 18 and 19:-It is Used for interfacing a external crystal to give system clock.
Pins 10 17:- It is called as Port 3. This port serves functions like interrupts, control signals for
the external memory interfacing with RD (read) and WR(write) , serial communication signals
like (RxD and TxD), timer input, etc. This is also a bi directional port(quasi) with the internal
pull up.
Pin 9:- RESET pin-It is used to set 8051 to its initial values, while it is working or at
initialization of the application. RESET pin should be set high for the two machine cycles.

Pins 1 8:- Called as Port 1. Llike other ports, Port 1 does not serve any other function. It serves
only one function. It is an internally pulled up(quasi bi directional Input-Output port).

REFERENCE :

Wikipedia
http://www.engineersgarage.com/what-is-8051-microcontroller
And includes many other sites.