CHEM 139: General Chemistry Prep

Homework 5 (Thursday February 11):

Chapter 12: 3, 4, 5, 11, 15, 17, 25, 33, 35, 47, 61, 67, 69, 81, 83, 111, 119.
3.

An ionic bond is created when a metallic element reacts with a non-metallic

element.

4.

A covalent bond represents the sharing of pairs of electrons between nuclei.

5.

In Cl2, the bonding is pure covalent with the electron pair shared equally between
the two chlorine atoms. In HCl there is a shared pair of electrons, but the shared
pair is drawn more closely to the chlorine atom, making the bond is polar.

11.

In general, an element farther to the right in a given period or an element closer to

the top of a given group is more electronegative.
a. H is most electronegative; K is least electronegative
b. F is most electronegative; Na is least electronegative
c. F is most electronegative; B is least electronegative

15.

For a bond to be polar covalent, the atoms involved in the bond must have
different electronegativities (must be of different elements).
a. polar covalent (atoms of different elements)
b. polar covalent (atoms of different elements)
c. nonpolar covalent (atoms of the same element)
d. nonpolar covalent (atoms of the same element)

17.

The degree of polarity of a polar covalent bond is indicated by the magnitude of

the difference in electronegativities of the elements involved: the larger the
difference in electronegativity, the more polar the bond. Electronegativity
differences are given in parentheses below:
a. HF (1.9); HCl (0.9); the HF bond is more polar
b. HCl (0.9); HI (0.4); the HCl bond is more polar
c. HBr (0.7); HCl (0.9); the HCl bond is more polar
d. HI (0.4); HBr (0.7); the HBr bond is more polar

25.

In the figures, the arrow points toward the more electronegative atom.
a. + CF
b. + SiC
c. + CO
d. + BC

33.

a. Chlorine is in Group 7 and has configuration 1s22s22p63s23p5. Chlorine would

be expected to gain one electron to become the Cl ion. The Cl ion has an
electron configuration analogous to the noble gas Ar: 1s22s22p63s23p6
b. Strontium is in Group 2 and has configuration 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s2.
Strontium would be expected to lose two electrons to become the Sr 2+ ion. The
Sr2+ ion has an electron configuration analogous to the noble gas Kr:
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6.
c. Oxygen is in Group 6 and has electron configuration 1s22s22p4. Oxygen would
be expected to gain two electrons to become the O2 ion. The O2 ion has an
electron configuration analogous to the noble gas Ne: 1s22s22p6
d. Rubidium is in Group 1 and has electron configuration
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s1. Rubidium would be expected to lose one electron
to become the Rb+ ion. The Rb+ ion has an electron configuration analogous to the
noble gas Kr: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6.

35.

a. Na+, Mg2+, Al3+ 1s22s22p6

b. Li+, Be2+; 1s2
c. K+, Ca2+ from the A group elements; 1s22s22p63s23p6
d. Rb+, Sr2+ from the A group elements; 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6

47.

Relative ionic sizes are given in Figure 12.9. Within a given horizontal row of the
periodic chart, negative ions tend to be larger than positive ions because the
negative ions contain a larger number of electrons in the valence shell. Within a
vertical group of the periodic table, ionic size increases from top to bottom. In
general, positive ions are smaller than the atoms they come from, whereas
negative ions are larger than the atoms they come from.
a. Fe3+
b. Cl
c. Al3+

61.

a. Each C provides 4 valence electrons. Each H provides 1 valence electron.

Total valence electrons = 14

b. N provides 5 valence electrons. Each F provides 7 valence electrons. Total

valence electrons = 26

c. Each C provides 4 valence electrons. Each H provides 1 valence electron.

Total valence electrons = 26

d. Si provides 4 valence electrons. Each Cl provides 7 valence electrons. Total

valence electrons = 32

67.

a. Cl provides 7 valence electrons. Each O provides 6 valence electrons. The 1

charge means one additional valence electron. Total valence electrons = 20

b. Br provides 7 valence electrons. Each O provides 6 valence electrons. The 1

charge means one additional valence electron. Total valence electrons = 32

c. C provides 4 valence electrons. N provides 5 valence electron. The 1 charge

means one additional valence electron. Total valence electrons = 10

69.

The geometric structure of the water molecule is bent (or V-shaped). There are
four pairs of valence electrons on the oxygen atom of water (two pairs are
bonding pairs, two pairs are nonbonding lone pairs). The HOH bond angle in
water is approximately 106o.

81.

a. trigonal pyramidal (there is a lone pair on N)

b. nonlinear, V-shaped (four electron pairs on Se, but only two atoms are attached
to Se)
c. tetrahedral (four electron pairs on Si, and four atoms attached)

83.

a. tetrahedral
b. tetrahedral
c. tetrahedral

111.

a. SO2: S provides 6 valence electrons. Each O provides 6 valence electrons.

Total valence electrons = 18

b. N2O: Each N provides 5 valence electrons. O provides 6 valence electrons.

Total valence electrons = 16

c. O3: Each O provides 6 valence electrons. Total valence electrons = 18

119.

a. trigonal planar
b. basically trigonal planar around the N (the H is attached to one of the O atoms,
and distorts the shape around the nitrogen only slightly)
c. nonlinear (V-shaped)
d. linear