SM358 Answers to 2009 exam

Question 1
(a)

C
2

1
9
16
. p1
, p2 = 0, p1
.
25
25
25

Question 2
Probability =

1
.
3

Question 3
(a)

( x, t )

( x, t 0 )

( x)e iE1t / 2 ( x)e i 4 E1t / .

1 ( x) 2 ( x) .

Question 4
(a)

B = 0. |F| = |A|.

(b)

3
1
A and D A .
2
2

Question 6
d px
dt

C x .

Question 7
(a)

f or g.

(b)

h.

(c)

f or g.

Question 8
-2.8 but for local, hidden-variable theories, 2 , so these results are
inconsistent with hidden-variable theories.

Question 9
E

( 0)
0

1
H 0( 0) 0 C 0* ( x)bx x 2 0 ( x)dx .
2
0
b

( 0)
0

Question 10
(a)

a0scaled 2a0 2 5.29 1011m 1.1 1010 m .

E Rscaled
(b)

1
1
E R 13.6eV 6.8eV .
2
2

f 1.23 1015 Hz .

Question 11
(b)

Ground state configuration is 1 g21 u2 2 g2 2 u21 u4 .

Formal bond order = 2 .

Question 12
(c)

k (r R) k (r) ie the electron probability density has the periodicity of

2

the lattice.

Question 13
n 2 2 2
n
, E
.
L
2mL2

(b)

(d)

1 ( x, t ) ( x)e iE1t /

2
2
2
x
sin e i t / 2 mL
L
L

x 4 0.11L4.

Question 14
(b)

x n
2

1/ 2

a.
1/ 2

There is an error in the question here. px n / a - see Eq 5.51 in

2

Book 1.
1

Hence xp x n .
2

The minimum value of xpx occurs for n = 0, so xpx

, which is
2

consistent with the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.

(c)

3
a.
2

Question 15
(b)

(c)

3
1

n
n
initial
2
2
3
1
At
n e iEu t / n e iEd t /
2
2
A

At t = 0: pu 1 , pd = 0 and S z
At t = /: pu

.
2

, pd = and S z .
4
4

Question 16
(a)
(b)

A and C are not entangled, B is entangled.

For state |A>, PVV 1 , 2 cos 2 1 cos 2 2 .

2

1
cos1 cos2 sin 1 sin 2 1 cos 2 1 2 .
For state |B>, PVV 1 , 2
2
2
For the entangled state, the probability cannot be expressed as a product of
functions of the two angles, unlike the case of unentangled states.

(c)

They will give the same results when measured relative to the z-axis.
They will give opposite results when measured relative to the axis defined by
= 45.

Question 17
(a)

f(,) is an eigenfunction of L z with eigenvalue 2 and is an eigenfunction of

L2 with eigenvalue 6 2 .

(b)

n = 3, l = 2, m = 2.
A possible real value of A is

162 a03 / 2
modulus would do equally well.

, but any complex value with this

(c)

r 2 sin 2 108a02 .

Question 18
(a)

2
2
2
.

xi2 yi2 zi2

ri is the distance of electron i from the nucleus, rij is the distance between
electron i and electron j.
i2

Terms are: kinetic energy, potential energy due to electron-nuclear interaction,

potential energy due to electron-electron interaction.
(b)

In the independent-particle model we ignore the interactions between the

electrons.

(c)

In the central-field model, we approximate the effect of all other electrons on a

given electron by a central potential (ie one dependent only on ri).
For states of given n, the average electron distance from the nucleus increases as
l increase, due to the centrifugal term in the Hamiltonian. Hence states with
higher l have higher energy (as the potential energy is less negative).

(d)

Terms are:
L
2
2
3
3
4
4

S
0
1
0
1
0
1

Term
1
D
3
D
1
F
3
F
1
G
3
G

(e)
J
1
2
3
Total

Number of states
3
5
7
15