Project Report

ON
MOTHERBOARD

Prepared By
PINTU PRAJAPATI
Project Guide
Mr. AHSAN JAMEEL KHAN SIR

Certificate
This is to certify that

MR. PINTU PRAJAPATI

Has completed project on

MOTHERBOARD
Successfully
Center Manager

Project Guide

( With Seal of Center )

Mr. Ahsan
Jameel Khan
Examiner

INDEX

Introduction to project
Types of Motherboard

1
3

Form Factors of Motherboard

Components of a Motherboard
Jumpers
Onboard Components
Bootstrapping using the BIOS

9
11
12
13

Diagram
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
Bibliography

15
16
17
18

Introduction of Project
A motherboard, like a backplane, provides the electrical
connections by which the other components of the system
communicate, but unlike a backplane, it also connects the central
processing unit and hosts other subsystems and devices.
A typical desktop computer has its microprocessor, main
memory, and other essential components connected to the
motherboard. Other components such as external storage,
controllers for video display and sound, and peripheral devices
may be attached to the motherboard as plug-in cards or via cables,
although in modern computers it is increasingly common to
integrate some of these peripherals into the motherboard itself.
An important component of a motherboard is the
microprocessor's supporting chipset, which provides the supporting
interfaces between the CPU and the various buses and external
components. This chipset determines, to an extent, the features and
capabilities of the motherboard.

Modern motherboards include, at a minimum:

sockets (or slots) in which one or more microprocessors may
be installed
slots into which the system's main memory is to be installed
(typically in the form of DIMM modules containing DRAM
chips)
a chipset which forms an interface between the CPU's frontside bus, main memory, and peripheral buses
non-volatile memory chips (usually Flash ROM in modern
motherboards) containing the system's firmware or BIOS
a clock generator which produces the system clock signal to
synchronize the various components
slots for expansion cards (these interface to the system via
the buses supported by the chipset)
power connectors, which receive electrical power from the
computer power supply and distribute it to the CPU, chipset,
main memory, and expansion cards

Types of Motherboards
Integrated motherboards Have all
peripheral device slots, input output ports,
serial and parallel ports mounted on the board.
Saves space and cheaper as compared to nonintegrated motherboards. Disadvantage is that
if an individual component of the motherboard
fails, the whole board may need to be replaced.

 Non-Integrated motherboards Have

RAM slots integrated on the board. All the
I/O ports such as serial and parallel port
connectors, other controllers such as hard
drive and floppy disk drives controllers are
attached to the system using expansion
boards.

 Desktop Motherboards Used in personal

computers
and
desktops.

 Server Motherboards Designed to offer

high-end services and supports various

redundant

technology.

 Laptop Motherboards Have very advanced

features, as compared to the desktop
motherboards.

Form Factors of Motherboard

Refers to motherboards physical shape, layout
and positioning of components on it.
Determines the type of system case it will fit into

Components of a Motherboard
Motherboard contains slots, sockets and
connectors for connecting various devices
Contains super I/O chip, slots for connecting
various peripheral devices
Configure the motherboard using jumpers
System panel connector
USB headers
Digital audio connector
MDC (Mobile Daughter Card) connector
30 pin connector connects to modem/audio
card module
Internal audio connectors connects to CD
ROM or voice modem card
GAME/MIDI connector Musical
Instrument Digital Interface

System Management Bus (SMBus)

connector (3/4 pin Header) connects with
laptop's rechargeable battery subsystem, fan,
or voltage sensors and lid switches
CNR - Communication and Network Riser,
is a new type of slot that supports audio,
modem, USB and Local Area Network cards
ATX 12V connector
ATX Power Connector
CPU and chassis fan connectors
Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
(SATA) connectors
IDE connectors
Serial port connector
Floppy disk drive connector

Expansion slots
Motherboard has PCI slots where
you can connect PCI cards.
Different PCI cards include LAN
card, SCSI card and USB card

 Extend the capacity of the existing

motherboard
AGP slot is used to attach a graphic
card

Jumpers
Small pins that enable you to configure
motherboard settings
Performs different functions when it is
shorted and when it is left open, without the
shunt
Motherboard manual is a necessity when
you deal with jumpers
Motherboards may have jumpers to set the
color or mono monitor type, to set the cache
memory type and size, to set the processor
type, system recovery option and to
discharge the CMOS RAM battery

Most of the motherboards currently

available in the market have auto jumper
setup option

Onboard Components
CPU socket
Northbridge
Southbridge
DDR DIMM sockets
Super I/O controller
Flash ROM
Standby Power LED
Audio CODEC
LAN controller
Mouse port
Parallel port
LAN port
Line In jack
Line Out jack
Microphone jack
USB ports

 Video port
Serial port
Keyboard port

Bootstrapping using the BIOS

Motherboards contain some non-volatile
memory to initialize the system and load an operating
system from some external peripheral device.
Microcomputers such as the Apple II and IBM PC
used ROM chips, mounted in sockets on the
motherboard. At power-up, the central processor
would load its program counter with the address of
the boot ROM and start executing ROM instructions,
displaying system information on the screen and
running memory checks, which would in turn start
loading memory from an external or peripheral
device (disk drive). If none is available, then the
computer can perform tasks from other memory
stores or display an error message, depending on the

model and design of the computer and version of the

BIOS.
Most modern motherboard designs use a BIOS,
stored in an EEPROM chip soldered or socketed to
the motherboard, to bootstrap an operating system.
When power is first applied to the motherboard, the
BIOS firmware tests and configures memory,
circuitry, and peripherals.

This Power-On Self Test (POST) may

include testing some of the following things:
video adapter
cards inserted into slots, such as
conventional PCI
floppy drive
thermistors, voltages, and fan speeds for
hardware monitoring
CMOS used to store BIOS setup
configuration
keyboard and mouse
network controller
optical drives: CD-ROM or DVD-ROM
SCSI hard drive

 IDE, EIDE, or SATA hard disk

security devices, such as a fingerprint reader
or the state of a latch switch to detect
intrusion
USB devices, such as a memory storage
device

Diagram

Conclusion
I am Mr. Pintu Prajapati had come to know
that how
Motherboard is a printed circuit board that is
the most important part of a system
Every component of the system connects to
the motherboard directly or indirectly
There are different types of motherboard
There are different motherboard form factors
There are different components on the
motherboard
Jumpers on motherboard enable you to
configure the motherboard

Acknowledgement
For that project our lecture teacher
Mr. Ahsan Jameel Khan Sir guides and
helps us for making the project effectively.
And also the all my friend help and guide to
me.

That all helped me for that thanks.

Bibliography
On that project I have seen the some
books from all these books I get the
information are listed here.
A book of pc hardware support skills of
JETKING from encyclopedia
www.encyclopedia.com/hard disk.