ELEMENTARY LINEAR ALGEBRA

Sept-December 2015
Lecturer:
Devvi Sarwinda
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Aljabar Linier Elementer

Course Organization
Main text:
Elementary Linear Algebra, Howard Anton

Grading formula

Assignment 15%
Quiz, 15%
UTS, 35%
UAS, 35%
Bonus : Class participation

Cheating = Failed!
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Course Outline
Linear Equation System
Determinant
Vector in 2-space, 3-space
Euclidean Vector Space
General Vector Space

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Chapter 1
Systems of Linear Equations and Matrices

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7

Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations

Gaussian Elimination
Matrices and Matrix Operations
Inverses: Algebraic Properties of Matrices
Elementary Matrices and a Method for finding A-1
More on Linear Systems and Invertible Matrices
Diagonal, Triangular, and Symmetric Matrices

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Objectives
Determine its consistent
Choose effective strategy to find its solutions
Solve it using substitution-elimination,
geometry, and Gauss-Jordan method
2x + y = 4
(0,4)

x-y=2
(2,0)

(0,-2)

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Pre-Test

Buatlah contoh sistem

persamaan linier dengan 2
unknown terdiri atas 2
persamaan. Selesaikan
sistem tersebut.

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Aljabar Linier Elementer

Linear Equations Systems

Definisi 1.2: Sistem persamaan linier
Sistem persamaan linier adalah himpunan berhingga persamaanpersamaan linier yang melibatkan unknown yang sama.

a11x1 + a12x2 + a13x3 + + a1nxn

= b1

a21x1 + a22x2 + a23x3 + + a2nxn = b2

:
am1x1 + an2x2 + an3x3 + + annxn = bm

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x1, x2, ., xn called unknown

(yang tidak diketahui nilainya)
ai1, ai2, , aij, , ain : real
number

Linear System in Two Unknowns

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Linear Systems in Three Unknowns

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Subsitusion-Elimination Method
2x y z 3
x 2 y 2 z 11
3 x y 5z 8

Spl:

1.

Eliminate x

2.

Eliminate x

3.

Eliminate z

4.

Substitution y

5.

Substitution y and z

2 x y z 3

x 2 y 2 z 11 2 x 4 y 4 z 22

5 y 5 z 25
yz5

x 2 y 2 z 11 3 x 6 y 6 z 33 5 y z 25
3 x y 5z 8

3 x y 5z 8

5 y z 25 4 y 20
yz 5

y 5

yz 5
5 z 5 z 0
x 2 y 2 z 11
x 10 0 11

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2 x y z 3

Aljabar Linier Elementer

x 1

LES based on its Solutions

LES
Consistent

No consistent

(have solutions)

Only 1 solutions

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(No have solutions)

Unlimited solutions

Aljabar Linier Elementer

LES in Matrices

General LES

a11 x1 a12 x2 a13 x3 ... a1 n xn b1

a21 x1 a22 x2 a23 x3 ... a2 n xn b2

am1 x1 am2 x2 am3 x3 ... amn xn bm

Augmented Matrics

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a11
a
21
A

am1

a12
a22

a13
a23

a1 n
a2 n

am2

am 3 amn

Aljabar Linier Elementer

b1
b2

b3

Elementary Row Operation

1. Multiply a row through by a nonzero
constant.
2. Interchange two rows.
3. Add a constant times one row to another

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Aljabar Linier Elementer

Look at this!!
1

1. 0
0

1
0
2.
0

0
1

3. 0
0

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0 0 8

1 0 3
0 1 2
0 5
1 7

0 0

0 0
0 0 8 2

1 0 3 0
0 1 2 4

Karakteristik ke-3 spl:

1. elemen pertama tak nol adalah 1
(dinamakan satu utama)
2. satu utama baris berikutnya berada
lebih kanan
3. jika ada baris nol, ada di bagian
bawah
4. elemen yang satu kolom dengan satu
utama nol semua

Aljabar Linier Elementer

The major ones

A=

B=

C=

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1 0

0
1

0 0

1
0

1 0
1 2

0 1

0 0

1
0

1
1
0
0

1 utama
bukan 1 utama

0
1

Aljabar Linier Elementer

Specification of row operation has

been reduced
Yes
1) Elemen pertama tidak nol
adalah 1 (satu utama)

2) Satu utama baris berikutnya

berada lebih kanan dari baris
sebelumnya
3) Baris nol berada di paling
bawah

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No

0
0

0
0

0 2 4

1 3 6
0 1 0
0 2 4

0 1 3
0 0 1

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

0 2 4

1 3 0
0 0 0
0 0 4

1 0 6
0 1 0

1 0 2 4

0
0
0
0

0 0 1 6

Aljabar Linier Elementer

0 2 4

3 1 6
0 1 0
0 2 4

0 1 3
1 0 0

Thank You
Q&A??

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