ENJIN PETROL 4 LEJANG

ENJIN DIESEL 4 LEJANG

ENJIN PETROL 2 LEJANG
1. Diagram 1 shows one of the strokes in the operation of the four-stroke petrol engine.

What happen during this stroke?

Apakah berlaku semasa di lejang ini?
A. The spark plug gives out sparks.
Palam pencucuh mengeluarkan percikan
B. The mixture air and fuel is compressed.
Campuran udara dan bahan api dimampatkan
C. Exhaust gases are channeled out of the cylinder.
Gas ekzos dilalukan keluar dari silinder
D. The mixture of air and fuel gets into the cylinder.
Campuran udara dan bahan api masuk ke dalam silinder
2

Which of the following four-stroke engine process is correctly arranged

Yang manakah antara berikut proses enjin 4 lejang betul disusun
A
B
C
D

Intake Stroke Compression Stroke Power Stroke Exhaust Stroke

Intake Stroke Compression Exhaust Stroke Power Stroke
Intake stroke Power Stroke Compression Stroke Exhaust Stroke
Intake stroke Exhaust Stroke Compression Stroke Power Stroke

Without using a spark plug, how does a four-stroke diesel engine ignites its fuel
Tanpa menggunakan palam pencucuh, bagaimana enjin diesel 4 lejang menyalakan bahan
api
A
by friction
geseran
B
By chemical reaction
tindak balas bahan kimia
C
using electrical energy
menggunakan tenaga elektrik
D
by putting very high pressure on the air-fuel mixture
dengan meletakkan tekanan tinggi ke atas campuran udara-bahan api

The four-stroke diesel engine has cylinder with thicker walls than those of the fourstroke petrol engine because
enjin diesel 4 lejang mempunyai silinder dengan dinding lebih tebal daripada enjin
petrol 4 lejang kerana
A the engine uses spark plugs
enjin menggunakan palam pencucuh
B the exhaust stroke of the engine is more powerful
lejang ekzos bagi enjin lebih berkuasa
C the pressure in the cylinders during the compression stroke is very high
tekanan dalam silinder semasa lejang mampatan adalah sangat tinggi
D the power stroke contains very hot exhaust gases
lejang kuasa mengandungi gas ekzos yang sangat panas

2. Diagram 3 shows the combustion cycle of an engine.

stroke

Compression
stroke

lejang..

.......

stroke

. stroke

lejang
lejang..

Diagram 3
a) Name the type of engine shown in Diagram 1.
Namakan jenis enjin ditunjukkan

b) Name the strokes of the engine in the lined spaces provided in Diagram 1.
Namakan lejang enjin dalam ruang

c) Name the other type of engine.

Namakan jenis enjin yang lain

d) Mark ( / ) in the boxes provided in Diagram 1 to show the combustion of the fuel takes
place.
Tandakan (/) dalam kotak disediakan untuk menunjukkan pembakaran bahan api berlaku
e) State one difference between engine in (a) and engine in (c).
Nyatakan satu perbezaan antara enjin dalam (a) dan enjin dalam (c)

.
2

a) List down the phase of stroke in a four-stroke engine

Senaraikan fasa lejang dalam enjin 4 lejang

.
b) Give one advantage of a four-stroke engine if compared to a two-stroke engine
Beri satu kebaikan enjin 4 lejang jika dibandingkan dengan enjin 2 lejang

LAJU, HALAJU DAN PECUTAN

Definition:
Speed is the rate of change of distance
Laju adalah kadar perubahan jarak
Velocity is the rate of change of distance travelled in a specific direction
Halaju adalah kadar perubahan jarak bergerak dalam arah tertentu
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity
Pecutan adalah kadar perubahan halaju

Units:

Speed / Velocity - ms-1

Acceleration
- ms-2

Formula :
Speed / Velocity =
V
Acceleration
a

Distance (Jarak) (m)

Time taken (masa) (s)

s
t

Final velocity - Initial velocity

Time Taken (s)

vu
t

(ms-1)

Diagram 2 shows a section of a ticker tape obtained from a moving trolley.

The ticker timer makes 50 dot-spaces per second.

Diagram 2
What is the average speed of the trolley?
A.
10 cms-1
B.
41 cms-1
C.
25 cms-1
D.
50 cms-1
2) A moving car accelerates at 10 ms-2 for 4 seconds and reaches a velocity of 60 ms-1.
What is the initial velocity?
Apakah halaju awal?
[Acceleration = change in velocity ]
time taken
A.
6.0 ms-1
B.
15.0 ms-1
C.
20.0 ms-1
D.
50.0 ms-1

3)

Which of the following is matched correctly?

Q
R
Characteristics
The object is moving at a constant velocity
Objek bergerak pada halaju tetap
The velocity of the object is decreasing uniformly
Halaju objek menurun seragam
The velocity of the object is increasing uniformly
Halaju objek menaik seragam
The velocity of the object is decreasing uniformly
Halaju objek menurun seragam

A.

Tape chart
P

B.

C.

D.

Ramli cycles 600 metres in 120 seconds. What is Ramlis speed?

mengayuh
A
0.2 ms-1
C
480 ms-1
-1
B
5.0 ms
D
720 ms-1

A car is moving at a uniform velocity of 15 ms-1 . Then it accelerates to a velocity

45 ms-1 with 5 seconds. What is the acceleration of the car?
A
3 ms-1
C
9 ms-1
-1
B
6 ms
D
12 ms-1

A train accelerates from rest and attains a velocity of 6 ms-1 after 1 minute.
What is its acceleration?
A
0.01 ms-2
C
0.6 ms-2
B
0.1 ms-2
D
1.0 ms-2

A car travelling along a straight highway increases its speed from 2.0 ms-1
to 12 ms-1 in a time of 5s. What is its acceleration?
A
0.4 ms-2
C
2.4 ms-2
-2
B
2.0 ms
D
10 ms-2

A student pedals his bicycle for a distance of 500m in 200 seconds. What is the
speed of the bicycle?
A
2.5 ms-1
C
10 ms-1
-1
B
5.0 ms
D
40 ms-1

Figure 1
1. Figure 1 shows a ticker tape strip for a moving toy car.
a) Describe the motion of the toy car. Give a reason to support your answer. (2 marks)
Terangkan pergerakan kereta mainan. Beri sebab menyokong jawapan anda.

..
b) The ticker timer vibrates 50 times in a second.
Pita detik bergetar 50 kali dalam satu saat.
i) What is the time taken for the toy car to travel from P to Q? (1 mark)
Apakah masa diambil untuk kereta mainan bergerak dari P ke Q?

ii) Calculate the velocity of the toy car. (1 mark)

Kira halaju untuk kereta mainan

c) What is the acceleration of the toy car? (1 mark)

Apakah pecutan kereta mainan?

d) On the strip below, draw the dot pattern to represent acceleration. (1 mark)
lukis bentuk titik untuk mewakili pecutan

The diagram shows the apparatus set up by a student in an experiment.

The student uses three ticker tapes for each experiment. Each ticker tape contain 10 ticks.
1.2 shows the result of the experiment.
Experiment
1
2

Length of ticker tape /panjang pita detik

2
3
13
11
21
20

1
12
19

Average
12
20

(a)
What hypothesis can you form for this experiment?
__________________________________________________________________
(b)

State the variables in this experiment.

i.
Manipulated variable _____________________________________
ii.

(c)

Responding variable _____________________________________

Calculate the velocity in each experiment.

i.
Experiment 1

ii.

Experiment 2

(2 marks)
3

Diagram 2.1 shows the apparatus set up in an experiment.

Table 2.2 shows the result of the experiment.

Trolley
A
B
(a)
(b)

(c)

Time taken for the trolley to stop

15 seconds
5 seconds

What is the aim of this experiment?

________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

State the variables in this experiment.

i.
Manipulated variable ___________________________________________
ii.

Responding variable ___________________________________________

i.

Name the principle used in this experiment.

________________________________________________________
ii.

What is the relationship between the mass and the principle stated in (c)i?

________________________________________________________

Table

Inertia / inersia
Definition: The tendency of an object to maintain its original position whether stationary or in
motion
Keinginan satu objek mengekalkan kedudukan asalnya samada pegun atau dalam
gerakan
2 types of inertia :

Stationary inertia / Inersia pegun

Motion inertia / Inersia gerakan

Stationary inertia - tendency of an object to resist any changes to its stationary position
keinginan sesuatu objek menghalang sebarang perubahan kepada
kedudukan pegun.
Motion inertia-tendency of an object to move against the force acted on it
keinginan sesuatu objek bergerak melawan daya bertindak ke atasnya.
The greater the mass, the greater the inertia.
Lebih besar jisim, lebih besar inersia
Diagram 1 shows two tins of the same size oscillating after they are released from the same height
Rajah 1 menunjukkan 2 tin sama saiz berayun selepas dilepaskan daripada ketinggian yang sama

DIAGRAM 1
What is the conclusion of the experiment?
A
The smaller the mass, the bigger the inertia
B
The bigger the mass, the bigger the inertia
C
The smaller the mass, the bigger the air resistance
D
The bigger the mass, the smaller the air resistance
2

A bus stops abruptly. All passengers in the bus are thrown forward.This is caused by
Sebuah bas berhenti mendadak. Semua penumpang bergerak ke hadapan. Ini disebabkan
A
force
C
inertia
Daya
inersia
B
pressure
D
momentum
tekanan

A big oil tank ship will continue to move even though its engine is turn off. The
This condition shows that the ship has high
Kapal tangki minyak yang besar terus bergerak walau enjin telah dimatikan. keadaan ini
menunjukkan kapal mempunyai tinggi
A
inertia
C
momentum
B
acceleration
D
potential energy

Diagram 2 shows a piece of coin place on a sheet of paper on a table.

Why does the coin maintain its position when the paper is pulled very fast?
Mengapa syiling mengekalkan kedudukan apabila kertas ditarik dengan cepat?
A
The coin has inertia
B
The coil has potential energy
C
The coin has gravitational force
D
The coin is heavier than the paper
5

Diagram 3 shows four tins of the same size hang freely

Empty

Sand

Water

Soil

Which tin has the biggest inertia?

A
6

Which of the following cans posses greatest inertia

Diagram 4 shows a coin put on a cardboard.

coin
glass

DIAGRAM 4
State a reason why the coin drops into the glass when the cardboard is pulled.
A
The coin is heavier than the cardboard.
Syiling lebih berat daripada kertas kadbod
B
There is no friction between the coin and the cardboard
Tiada geseran antara syiling dan kadbod
C
The coin has the tendency to maintain its stationary condition.
Syiling mempunyai keinginan untuk mengekalkan kedudukan pegunnya
D
Cardboard has the tendency to change its stationary condition.
Kadbod mempunyai keinginan untuk mengekalkan kedudukan pegunnya

Which of the following situations show the effect of inertia?

I The passengers in a car are thrown forward when the car stops suddenly
II A ball drops down after it is thrown up
III The engine of a container ship has to be switched off a few kilometres before the
ship stops
A I and II only
B I and III only
C II and III only
D I, II and III

Due to inertia, all vehicles are equipped with safety features. Give three examples of the safety
features that installed in a car just to reduce the impact of inertia
i)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii)-----------------------------------------------------------------------------iii)----------------------------------------------------------------------------9

Diagram 5 shows wooden blocks A,B, C and D arrange vertically. Wooden block
B is knocked hard.

(a)
block A?

(i)

What will

happen to wooden

................................................................................................
(ii)

Give an explanation for your answers in (a)(i)

..................................................................................................................
.

(b)

(i)

What will happen to the driver when the brake is pressed suddenly?
.................................................................................................

(ii)

State one precaution that be taken to avoid the cars driver from the above
incident as in (b)(i)
................................................................................................

c) Name the principle applied in this situation.

_____________________________________________________

10

Study the following statement:

A full load lorry is harder to stop compared to an empty lorry

Lori penuh beban adalah susah untuk berhenti berbanding lori muatan kosong
You are given two pails of the same size and sand.
a) Suggest a hypothesis to investigate the above statement.

[1 mark]

b) Describe an experiment to test your hypothesis in (a)

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

MOMENTUM, JISIM DAN HALAJU

The momentum of an object depends on

I its mass
II its velocity
III its size
A I and II only
B I and III only
C II and III only
D I, II and III

1. Diagram 1.1 and 1.2 show the set up of an apparatus observed to study the effect of mass
on momentum.

Diagram 1.1

Diagram 1.2
Diagram 1.1 shows displacement distance of wooden block when trolley A collided with the
wooden block.
Diagram 1.2 shows displacement distance when trolleys A and B collided with the wooden block.
a) The result of the experiment in Diagram 1.1 is recorded in Table 1.
Measure and record the displacement distance of the wooden block for Diagram 1.2
Trolley

Displacement distance (cm)

2.5

A and B

Table 1
b) State the variable in this experiment:
(i)

Manipulated variable:...

(ii)

Responding variable .

(iii)

Fixed variable

:...

c) State a hypothesis that can be made from this experiment.

.
.
d) Predict the displacement distance of the wooden block if three trolleys are used.

e) State the operational definition of momentum (definition based on the experiment)

.
.
f)

The vehicles below move at the same velocity.

Mark ( / ) the vehicle which has the highest momentum.

Diagram 2
3

a)

What is momentum

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------[ 1 mark ]
b)

State the principle of conservation of momentum

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------[ 1 mark ]
c)

Calculate the momentum for each case

m = 1 kg, v = 1m s-1
i)
direction of motion

ii)
m = 1 kg, v = 2m s-1
direction of motion

iii)
m = 2 kg, v = 2 m s-1
direction of motion

iv)
m = 1 kg, v = - 2 m s-1
direction of motion

Car collision can cause serious damage. Therefore, there should be a limit to the speed of the
cars to reduce their momentum
a) Suggest a hypothesis to investigate the relationship between velocity
and momentum
b) Describe an experiment to test your hypothesis in (a) based on the following criteria
2. Diagrams below show some objects with the same mass.
Which object exerts the largest pressure on the floor?

What is the value of the force F that is required to lift the car weighing 4 500 N?
[Pressure = Force
Surface area
A. 40 N
B. 45 N
C. 50 N
D. 55 N

The diagram shows a wooden block with a weight of 150 N.

How much pressure is exerted on the floor if the wooden block is placed with the
surface labelled X in contact with the floor?
A 12.5 Nm-2
B 15.0 Nm-2
C 18.75 Nm-2
D 25.0 Nm-2
1

Which of the following object exerts the greatest pressure on the surface

Weight
500g

Weight
500g
Cylindrical rod
with one end
sharpened

Plasticine

Similar cylindrical
rod

Plasticine

Diagram 1
2. Diagram 1 shows an experiment to study the relationship between pressure and surface
area.
a) State one inference that can be made based on the observation on the Diagram1.
..
b) State the variables in this experiment.
i)

Manipulated variable:..

ii)

Responding variable ...

iii)

Fixed variable

:...

c) What is the relationship between pressure and surface area?

.

d) Predict the dept produced on the plasticine when the mass of weight is increased.
..
1 kg
1 kg
Wooden block
plasticine

1.

Diagram 2 (a) and 2 (b) shows an experiment to investigate the relationship

between pressure and the surface area by using 1 kg weight put on the
wooden block. The result obtained is shown in the following table
Contact surface area
1
3

The depth of the groove of the

wooden block / cm
0.4
0.2

a) State an inference based on the result as shown in the table

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [ 1 mark ]
b) What is the hypothesis of this experiment
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [ 1 mark ]
c) What is the constant variable in this experiment?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [ 1 mark ]
d) Predict the depth of the groove of the wooden block if a 2 kg weight is used in diagram 2 (b)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [ 1 mark ]
e) Draw the shape of the wooden block that can produce the highest pressure
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [ 1 mark ]

The diagram shows a device used for demonstrating Pascals principle

What happens when the piston is pushed towards?

A Water squirts equally from holes Q and R only
B Water squirts equally from holes P and S only
C Water squirts equally from holes P, Q and R only
D Water squirts equally from holes P, Q, R and S.

Pressure is transmitted equally in all directions. This principle of transmission is known as

A
Archimedes Principle
B
Bernoullis Principle
C
Pascals Principle
D
Pressure Principle

J
Cylinder S

Space M

Cylinder T

1. Diagram 1 shows the operation of a hydraulic system

a) Give one example of substance which can be use in space M.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------[2 marks]
b) What will happen to K if a force is applied to J
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------[1 mark ]
c) Why the surface area of cylinder T is larger than the surface area of cylinder S
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [1 mark]
d)

What will be produced in substance M when a force is applied to J

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------[2 marks]

e) Name the principle in the system shown in diagram above

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------[1 mark]

Archimedess Principle = An object is immersed in a liquid , the up trust on the

(AP )
object is equal in size to weight of the fluid displaced by
object .
= Suatu objek direndam dalam cecair, daya tujah ke atas objek sama
dengan berat cecair yang diganti oleh objek tersebut.

Concept AP :

W1

( B1 B0 )

: Weight of displaced water = the up thrust force

Diagram A P

W Newton ( N )
W 1 Newton ( N )

B0 ( N )
B1(N)
Scale measurement

W = Weight of block in air

B = Weight of empty beaker

W 1 = apparent weight of block

in water
B 1 = Weight of beaker +
displaced water
(B 2 )Weight Displaced Water
= B1 B0

1. Refer to the diagram AP above , complete the incomplete tables below.

2. Check out : W = W1 + B2
WEIGHT ( Newton )
Beaker +
Empty
Block in
Block in Air
Water
Water displaced
Beaker
Water
Displaced
W
B0
B1
W1
B2 = B1 B0
(N)
(N)
(N)
(N)
(N)

6.5

b)

10

c)

13

d)

14.5

a)

10

4.5

5.5

4. Diagram 4 shows a spring balance with a stone dipped in the water.

4.5 N
2.5 N
water
displaced

Diagram 4
What is the weight of the stone in the air?
A. 2.0 N
B. 2.5 N
C. 4.5 N
D. 7.0 N

1.5 N
1 N

By referring to the diagram above , what is the weight of the water displaced by the metal block ?
A.
0.5 N
B.
1.0 N
C.
1.5 N
D.
2.5 N
3. ( clone SPM 2006 )
The spring balance on left shows a reading
of 4.5 N . If the weight of water displaced
by the stone is 2.5 N , what is the weight of
the stone in the air .

4.5 N
2.5 N
water
displaced

A.
B.
C.
D.

The diagram shows a boat floating in water.

2.0 N
2.5 N
4.5 N
7.0 N

Which of the following about the above diagram is true?

I The weight of the boat is the same as the upthrust
II The weight of the water displaced by the boat is less than the weight of the boat
III The upthrust acting on the boat is same as the weight of the water displaced by the
boat
A I and II only
B I and III only
C II and III only
D I, II and III
Structure Question

W1 N

W2 N

W1

W3 N

W2

4. An iron block of weight W1 , hanging from a spring balance

is lowered into a beaker of water until half of the block is
immersed in the water . The reading of the spring balance
decreases to W2 and the weight of the water displaced ,
W1 is measured .
The block

is then immersed completely into water . The

reading of the spring balance decreases further to W3 and

the weight of the water displaced , W2 is measured .
(a) Suggest a suitable hypothesis for the experiment ?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
(b) What is used to indicate the up trust on the block ?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

(c ) (i) Name the manipulated variable.

___________________________________________________________
(ii) Name the responding variable .
___________________________________________________________
(d)Table below shows the result obtained by a student .

W1 ( N )

W2 ( N )

W3 ( N )

20.0 N

16.5 N

13.0 N

W1 ( N ) W2 ( N )
3.5 N

7.0 N

Explain how the result above support the hypothesis .

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
The apparent loss of weight of an object immersed in the fluid is equal to the weight of fluid
displaced
a) Suggest a hypothesis to investigate the relationship between the loss of apparent weight to
the weight of fluid displaced
b) Describe an experiment to test your hypothesis in (a) based on the
following criteria
.

Which of the Bernoullis tube shows the correct water levels?

1
A

In which Bernoullis tube are the water levels P, Q, and R correct?

Which of the following does not use Bernoullis principle on its operation?
A Bunsen burner
B Aerosol spray
C Aeroplane
D Syringe

Figure 3
3. Figure 3 shows two sets of apparatus to study Bernoullis principle.
a) In experiment 1, water is directed into the apparatus until the water rises up into the vertical
glass tube. Draw the water levels in the three tubes in experiment 1.
(1 mark)
b) In experiment 2, water is flown into the apparatus until the water levels in glass tubes P,Q and R
rise. Draw the height of the water levels in tubes P,Q and R in the experiment 2.
c) At which posotions marked X,Y and Z experiences the;
i) highest pressure ?

(1 mark)

ii) lowest pressure? .

(1 mark)

The higher the rockets moves upwards, the more fuel and oxygen are burnt. What is the
advantage of decreasing the mass of the rocket to its movement ?

A
B
C
D

Increases the rockets acceleration

Delays the fuel consumption
Enables the rocket to move in constant velocity
Enables the rocket to absorb oxygen from outside

9. Diagram 6 shows a flying aeroplane with a force M acting on it.

Diagram 6
What is M?
A. Lift
B. Drag
C. Thrust
D. Weight
3.

The figure shows the four forces acting on an aeroplane.

What produces X ?
Force

A
B
C
D

Force X is generated by the engines

Force X is produced due to the difference in pressure on the top and below the
wings
Force X is produced due to air resistance
Force X is produced due to the pull of gravity

Figure 2
2. Figure 2 shows the four forces acting on an aeroplane while it is flying in the sky.
a) On figure 5, name forces P,Q,R and S.

(4 marks)

b) State two conditions that enable the aeroplane to maintain at a constant speed at a certain level.

(2 marks)

10. Diagram 7 shows the flows of air on an aeroplane.

Diagram 7
Which areas represented by A, B, C or D has the lowest pressure?

Which of the following shapes moves easily in air?

A
B
C
D
Which of the following features enables a hydrofoil to travel faster than an ordinary ship
A
B
C
D
4

A pair of wings under the hull

Its streamlined shape
A cushion of air above the surface of water
Its powerful propellers

The figure shows the cross-section of an aeroplane wing. At which point, A,

B, C or D does the air experience the lowest pressure?
B
C
A
D