Position paper

Delegate: Sri Rezeki and Zhao jiajia

School: University of Indonesia, Huazhong Agricultural University
Country: Mongolia
Committee: General Assembly (AIMUN)

Topic A: Children in Poverty-Deprivation of Medical Care and Education

Today, one of the most severe problems of children in poverty is the lack of access to medication. Weak
immune systems and lacking hygiene, thus contribute to the spread of AIDS and some others, lead to
increasing children deaths. According to UNICEF, 25000 children die every day due to poverty .Universality
poverty also deprived of their education opportunities. Without a good education, children suffer from
difficulties in learning, dropping out of school, drug use, criminal, unemployment, teenage pregnancy
remaining trapped in poverty cycle and disadvantage to generation.

Recognizing the impact of poverty on children, the General Assembly adopted Millennium Development
goals. In 2002, General Assembly also conducted the special session on children “A world fit for Children”.
UN has taken a series of plans to solve these problems recent years.

Mongolia, as one of Asia poorest countries, 1998 national research on livelihood 36 percent of population
in Mongolia is poor poverty level and did not increase officially recent years. Its harsh economic climate is
forcing more and more children into homelessness and had to work to survive. During 1995-2000 the
government was not stable which negatively influenced the implementation of the policies covering
children's rights, of the main reasons for the violation of the child rights are poverty. Today, every third child
in Mongolia is poor. Lacking enough food and nutrition, according to the research, 46.9 percent of children
were underweight; inappropriate usage of drug, especially children in countryside where has almost no
infrastructure; children's allowances are not paid. What’s more, there are thousands of street and abandoned
children, as well as school dropout children, security and poverty Abused children, children with disabilities,
imprisoned children.

Mongolia attaches particular importance to the children’s issues since nearly half of its population is
under age of 18. Much has been accomplished in Mongolia in promoting the development of children within
the framework of the National Programmed of Action for the Development of Children in the 1990s, which
was adopted in 1993 in response to paragraph 34 of the World Summit Plan of Action. The working
committee headed by the Cabinet Member is now working on the review of its implementation and the
further Programmed for 2002-2010. Another significant source for the end-decade review was a series of
“One World Conferences” carried out in 1999 and 2000. The idea behind these conferences, organized in
close cooperation with the United Nations Country Team in Mongolia, was to raise the awareness of the
conclusions and action agendas of the World Summits and Conferences held in the 1990s, to encourage and
support greater participation of children in their follow-up activities.

Step by step measures have been undertaken in recent years to improve the legal framework for the
promotion and protection of children in Mongolia. Today, Mongolia is a party to 30 international human
rights treaties, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which was ratified in 1990. Last year the
Parliament of Mongolia ratified the ILO Convention No. 182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labor. In the
implementation the Millennium Declaration in which the world leaders resolved to encourage the
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ratification and full implementation of the CRC and its optional protocols, the Government of Mongolia is
going to sign next month the two optional protocols to the CRC. Another Mongolia’s government action for
helping poverty children is Mongolia’s Child Money Programmed (CMP), a conditional cash transfer
programmed for families with children, contributes to poverty reduction and the improved well-being of
children (with particular reference to MDGs 1 and 2) and does so in an efficient, affordable and sustainable
manner.

Mongolia reiterates that it is unrealistic to believe that one state or states alone can do the job. Dealing
with children in poverty is a global issue, so it’s really necessary for all nations to pull together and take
actions to create an international environment. Realizing it is vital there is a co-ordination and sharing of
resource of education and medical technique among international society, the developed countries should do
more to help the least developing countries to handle with children’s poverty, while the developing countries
can take some measures themselves. But this doesn’t mean that Mongolia as developing country only wait
the aid, because this problem is not only about one country shows, this is about cooperation between
developed and developing countries. It’s not time for unilateral action, today is time for multilateral actions
which every country in this world have to give their strong commitment toward children in poverty
deprivation of education and medical care. This is not also countries action, but also needs Non State
Actor’s action such as NGO or MNC. Mongolia therefore are longing for best cooperation with
international society to combat this problem.

Topic B: The Prevention and Control of Pandemic

In recent years, several waves of infections disease break out. Across borders, over 9.5 million people die
each year due to infectious diseases – nearly all of them live in developing countries. In spite of ever
advancing medical technology, new diseases appear to be more frequently in more contagious and virulent
forms. Due to The rapid development of economic globalization and the traffic, it is more convenient for
infectious diseases multinational spread. Biological terrorism has also become the real threat to mankind.
Epidemics not only directly do harm to people's health and life safety, but also have a tremendous influence
on economic development and social stability and even national image, thus cause social crisis which is
direct damage to national security

World Health Organization previously published pandemic preparedness guidance in 1999 and a revision
of that guidance in 2005. Since 2005, there have been advances in many areas of preparedness and response
planning. In 2007, the International Health Regulations (2005) or IHR (2005) entered into force providing
the international community with a framework to address international public health concerns. The Basic
Agreement on cooperation between the Government of Mongolia and World Health Organization (WHO)
was singed on 21 June 1963 by Dr C. Mani, Director for South East Asia and Mr M. Dugersuren, former
Minister of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia, after which a Medical Officer was engaged to coordinate WHO
projects. Initially there were only 3 fields of cooperation: control of communicable diseases, laboratory
services and maternal and child health. Since that time, WHO has collaborated with the Mongolian
Government in over 30 projects. WHO Representative Office was established in Ulaanbaatar in 1971.

Mongolia, because of the shortage of funds for infections disease prevention, professional and technical
staff with its poor national quality, affected by unperfected social stability, natural disasters, transportation
and infrastructure, disease control and prevention aspects ability is quite weak. Although, Mongolia has
taken a series of actions, which include establishing monitoring system with the world health organization,
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enlarging capital investment，Improving medical treatment，its epidemic is still severe. Now Mongolia has
canceled high alert to search a flow vaccine.

In the name of globalization, country’s threat is not only about military threat, the spread of Pandemic is
considered as a new threat. People from one country can’t say that they are safe enough because they are too
far from the home of Pandemic. The spread of Pandemic is really that quick, it can inevitably contaminate
one country which even has a great immunity. The spread of pandemic is even scarier than military threat
because of the effect is massive. So that, each country needs a comprehensive policy to prevent and
controlling Pandemic. Mongolia’s suggestion is each country has to control migration flows. Receiving
countries and even sending countries have to control the migration flows well.

Mongolia always recommends that all the countries should take the principle of common but
differentiated responsibilities. All the countries must operate together especially within their own borders in
order to respond to the worst-case scenario of Pandemic. Mongolia proposes that each federal government
places pressure and the necessary funds for municipal governments to help control the wide spread disease.
Countries should be willing to publish reports on all H1N1 related cases in humans and animals within their
borders to warn neighboring countries of possible contamination. For the most developed countries should
take the main responsibility to study vaccine technologies, to establish heath systems to assist the least
developed countries with fund, technology of prevention and control of pandemics.

There are large problems involving serious threats. In the face of such challenges we need, as many
commentators insist, transformation. We need multilateral action besides unilateral actions because the
spread of Pandemic can’t stay only in one country but it can absolutely impact to other countries. We need
real and immediate change and cooperation, not gradual evolution! It needs not only a vow, but also
an accomplished commitment.