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  • Lect 25

    Diunggah oleh

    Al Fauzi Hanifudin
    17 tayangan4 halaman
    Strike-slip faults occur where tectonic plates slide past each other. The San Andreas Fault is a major right-lateral strike-slip fault in California where the Pacific and North American plates move horizontally. Strike-slip faults are rarely straight due to irregularities that can cause restraining or releasing bends. Restraining bends produce compressive flower structures and uplifted rock blocks, while releasing bends form pull-apart basins through extensional faulting. Examples along the San Andreas include the Transverse Ranges uplift at a restraining bend and the Salton Sea trough between overlapping strike-slip faults.

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    Strike-slip faults occur where tectonic plates slide past each other. The San Andreas Fault is a major right-lateral strike-slip fault in California where the Pacific and North American plates move horizontally. Strike-slip faults are rarely straight due to irregularities that can cause restraining or releasing bends. Restraining bends produce compressive flower structures and uplifted rock blocks, while releasing bends form pull-apart basins through extensional faulting. Examples along the San Andreas include the Transverse Ranges uplift at a restraining bend and the Salton Sea trough between overlapping strike-slip faults.

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    17 tayangan4 halaman

    Lect 25

    Diunggah oleh

    Al Fauzi Hanifudin
    Strike-slip faults occur where tectonic plates slide past each other. The San Andreas Fault is a major right-lateral strike-slip fault in California where the Pacific and North American plates move horizontally. Strike-slip faults are rarely straight due to irregularities that can cause restraining or releasing bends. Restraining bends produce compressive flower structures and uplifted rock blocks, while releasing bends form pull-apart basins through extensional faulting. Examples along the San Andreas include the Transverse Ranges uplift at a restraining bend and the Salton Sea trough between overlapping strike-slip faults.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai RTF, PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 4

    Lect.

    25StrikeSlipFaulting

    STRUCTURALGEOLOGY
    Lecture25
    TheGeometryofStrikeSlipFaulting
    (AlookattheSanAndreasFaultSystem)

    Whilethrustfaultingischaracteristicofconvergentmarginsofcontinentalcrust
    andnormalfaultsarecharacteristicofdivergentmarginswhereriftbasinshaveformed,
    strikeslipfaultsarecharacteristicofmarginswherelithosphericplatesslidepasteach
    other.Someofthemostsignificantstrikeslipmarginsareassociatedwithlargestrike
    slipfaultsincludingtheSanAndreasFault(Figure251),theAlpineFault(New
    Zealand),ChamanFault(Pakistan),theMotaguaFault(Guatemala),theDeadSea
    Transform(IsraelJordan),theAltynTaghFault(Tibet),KunlunFault(China),Herat
    Fault(Afghanistan),andtheAnatolianFault(Turkey).

    Lect.25StrikeSlipFaulting

    Figure251:TheSanAndreas(adaptedfromTwissandMoores,1992).
    Strikeslipfaultsarerarelyplanar.Thisisbestillustratedbythebigbendonthe
    SanAndreasFaultjustnorthofLosAngeles.TheSanAndreasisarightlateralstrike
    slipfaultwithPacificPlatemovingnorthrelativetotheNorthAmericanPlate.This
    meansthatLosAngelesandSanFranciscoonthePacificPlatearemovingnorthrelative
    totherestofNorthAmerica.ThebigbendnorthofLosAngelesiscalledarestraining
    bendlargelybecausethewestwardjumpinthefaultwhentracingthefaulttothenorth,
    leavesrocksinthewayforfurtherslip(Figure252).Theseextrarocksmustbemoved
    outofthewayforfurtherslip.Dependingontheshapeoftheirregularitiesalongstrike
    slipfaultsrelativetothemotionalongthefault,theremayalsobereleasingbends.These
    areplaceswherecavitiesopenbecauseoppositesidesofanirregularitymoveawayfrom
    eachother(Figure252).

    Lect.25StrikeSlipFaulting

    Figure252:A.Aplanarstrikeslipfault.B.Strikeslipmovementalongirregularly
    curvedfaultsproducinggapsatreleasingbendsandcrowdingatrestrainingbends
    (adaptedfromCrowell,1974).
    Restrainingandreleasingbendsproducediagnosticstructures.Therestraining
    bendproducesaflowerstructurewhichisaseriesofverticalfaultsofcompressional
    duplexesthataresubparalleltotheparentfault.Theverticalfaultsdivideupthrown
    blocksthespreadnearthesurfaceinamannerresemblingaflower.Theupthrownblocks
    aresometimescalledpopups.

    Figure253:Restrainingbendwithacompressionalduplex(adaptedfromTwissand
    Moores(199)).
    Releasingbendsproducepullapartbasins.Liketherestrainingbend,aseriesof
    faultsthatformsubparalleltotheparentfaultproduceastructurethatincrosssectionis
    calledaflowerstructure(Figure254).

    Lect.25StrikeSlipFaulting

    Figure254:Extensionalduplexesatreleasingbends(adaptedfromTwissandMoores,
    1992).
    AnexampleofarestrainingbendisfoundalongtheSanAndreasFaultwherethe
    contractionexpectedataleftbendinadextralfaultisseenastheblockupliftsonthe
    TransverseRanges(Figure255).TherestrainingbendoftheSanAndreasisreflectedin
    theblocksboundedbyeastwestthrustfaults.Extensionalbasinsarealsopresent
    includingtheSaltonSeatroughbetweentheSanAndreasandSanJacintofaults.

    Figure255:TheSanAndreasFaultsystemshowingtheblockupliftsoftheTransverse
    RangesofsouthernCalifornia(adaptedfromTwissandMoores,1992).

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