Bituminous Surface Dressing (BSD)

Thin film of bituminous binder is sprayed on

the road surface covered by a coat of mineral
aggregate sand rolled
Functions
Thin wearing course of pavement and
protect base course
Water proof the pavement surface and
prevent surface water infiltration
Provide dust free surface in dry weather and
mud free surface in wet weather

Seal Coat
Top coat over pervious bituminous pavements
such as premixed carpet and grouted macadam
Thin surface treatment or single coat dressing
applied over an existing black top surface
Functions
Seal surfacing against water ingress
Develop skid resistant texture

Builtup Spray Grout (BUSG)

Two layer composition of compacted crushed
aggregate sand application of binder after
each layer for bonding and finished it
aggregate sat the top
Total Thickness75mm
Suitable for strengthening of existing
bituminous pavements
Wearing course is provided over this layer

Penetration Macadam
Used as binder or base course
Coarse aggregates are spread and compacted
and then hot bituminous binder of high
viscosity is spread at the top
Bitumen penetrates the void sand binds the
aggregates together

Premix methods
Aggregate sand binder are mixed before
spreading and compacting
Classified based on gradation of aggregates
chosen as
Open Graded
Semi dense and dense mixes
Common types are
Bituminous
Macadam
Bituminous
Carpet

Bituminous
Concrete

Bituminous Macadam
Consist of one or more courses of compacted
aggregates premixed with binder, laid
immediately after mixing
Laid in compacted thicknesses of 75mm or
50mm
Essentially a base course or binder course and
should have surfacing
Superior to other base course materials w.r.t
load dispersion and durability

Bituminous Premixed Carpet

Coarse aggregates of 12.5 mm and 10mm size
premixed with binder and compacted to
thickness of 20 mm to serve as a base course
Should be covered by a sealcoat
Semidense carpetWell graded aggregate is
used for construction of bituminous carpet of
thickness 20 or25mm

Bituminous Concrete or Asphaltic

Concrete
Densegradedpremixedbituminousmixthatiswellc
ompactedtoformapavementsurfacecourse
Mixture of coarse aggregates, filler and fine
aggregates
Thickness4075mm
IRC specification40mm thick
course for highway pavements

AC surface

Sheet Asphalt
Dense sand bitumen pre mix used as
wearing coursecompacted thickness of
25mm
Well graded coarse to fine sand without
coarse aggregate sand bitumen
Laid over cement concrete pavement
Protects joints and helps in reduction in
warping stresses

Mastic Asphalt
Mixture of bitumen, fine aggregate sand filler
Whencooledresultsinahard,stableanddurabl
elayerthatwithstandsheavytraffic
Absorbs vibrations
Suitable surfacing material for bridge deck
slabs

Bituminous Construction
Procedures
Surface Dressing
Grouted or Penetration Macadam
Builtup Spray Grout
Bitumen bound Macadam
Bituminous Carpet
Bituminous Concrete

Surface Dressing (BSD)

Done in either single coat or in two coats over
an existing pavement for renewal or as a
wearing course over a WBM road
Bitumengrades80/100

 Construction Steps
Surface Preparation
Application of binder
Application of stone chippings
Rolling of first or final coat
Application of binder and stone
chippings for second coat
Rolling of second coat
Finishing and opening to traffic after 24 hours

Bituminous Concrete Construction

Proper design of mixesessential
Dense grading of coarse aggregates, fine
aggregate sand mineral fillet coated with
bitumen binder
Prepared in a hotmix plant
Thickness depends on traffic and quality of
base course

 Construction Steps
Preparation of existing base course layer
Application of tack coat 6 7.5kg of bitumen
per10 m2area
Preparation and placing of premix
Bitumen heated to1500C1770C &
aggregate temperature should not difer
by over 140C from binder temperature
Spreadatatemperatureof1210C1630C

 Rolling Initial 8 12 trolled &

intermediate 1530t ; final 8 12t roller
Quality Control Bitumen grade,
temperature of aggregate, temperature
during mixing and compaction
Marshall Tests conducted
1 sampleoutofevery100tofmixdischarged is
tested
Forevery100 m2of compacted surface, one
field density test is done
Variation in thickness6mm per
4.5mofconstruction
Finished surfacechecked for
longitudinal undulations not greater

than 8mm.

Cement Concrete Pavements

Excellent riding surface & pleasing appearance
Longer life
Design on rational basis
Cost saving and excellent performance
High initial investment
Jointsplanes of weakness
Curing periodnecessary

Construction of Cement Concrete

Pavement Slab
Cement grouted layer
course

Suitable for base

Rolled concrete layer

Cement Concrete slab
Cement grouted layer
Opengradedaggregatemixwithaggregat
eshavingmaximumsize1825mm
dryrolled
Cement grout is applied on the surface

Rolled Concrete layer

Lean mix concrete issued

Methods of Construction
Alternate Bay Methodconstructing a bay or one
slab in alternate succession leaving the next to
immediate bay to follow up after a gap of a
week
Advantages

Working convenience for slab laying

Joint construction
easier Disadvantages
Large no of transverse joints to be provided

Complete diversion of traffic necessary

Continuous Bay Method preferred

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Material Specifications
Cement OPC or Rapid Hardening Cement
Aggregates
Max size not greater than one fourth slab
thickness
Gradationofcoarseaggregate50 to4.75 mm or
40 to
4.75 mm in two size ranges, one below and
the other above 20mm
Crushing value 30%max
Impact value30%max
Los Angeles Abrasion value35% max as
per IRC Fine aggregate natural sand or

crushed stone
ConcreteMin Modulus of Rupture of 40kg/cm2
after 28 days of curing or compressive
strength of280 kg/cm2

Plants & Equipments required

Concrete Mixer & Batching Device
Vibrating Screed

Plants & Equipments required

Internal Vibrators
Straight Edge
Belt
Fibre Brush
Edging Tool

Construction Steps
Preparation of Sub grade and Subbase
Uniformly compacted sub grade extending
30cmoneithersideofwidthtobeconcreted
Properly drained
Min k value of 5.54 kg/cm2
To be kept in moist condition
Water proof paper to be placed in case
concrete is placed directly over sub grade

 Placing of Forms
Steel or wooden forms
Batching of material and Mixing
Transporting and Placing of concrete
Compaction and Finishing
Floating and Straight Edging
Belting, Brooming and Edging
Curing

Thank You