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Automatic Lathe
In fully automatic lathes, once the machine is set up, all the
movements related to the manufacturing cycle and also the loading of
blanks and the unloading of machined parts are performed without the
operator's participation.

All movements and actions take place automatically e.g., feed


and return travel of the turret carriage, changing over of the turret
bead, loosening feeding and chucking of the bright drawn bar.

In semiautomatic machines, the two latter movements are


accomplished by the operator.

Work feeding Fully automatic lathes are provided with magazine


feed so that a number of parts can be machined, one after the other,
with little attention from the operator.

Lathes that have their tools automatically fed to the work and
withdrawn after the cycle is complete are known as Automatic lathes.
On an automatic lathe, the bar stock is entered through the main
spindle and clamped by a collet device. Automatic lathes machine
independently one piece after the other from the bar.

Therefore one worker can operate several automatic lathes.

Tool feeding Most machines, especially those holding the work


between centers, have front and rear tool slides. Others adapted for
chucking jobs, have an end tool slide located in the same position
as the turret on the turret lathe.
These machines may also have the two side tool slide.

In another construction, there is a flat table in front of the


chucking spindle, on which can be mounted tool slides at any
angle or in any position.

Classification of Automatic Lathes

Each tool slide has individual feed and receives its power from
individual drive shafts at the end of the machine.

(i) Single spindle automatics,

As a rule, automatic lathes are multiple tool machines.

Automatic lathes can be classified as follows:

(ii) Multi spindle automatics,


(iii) Bar stock machines,
(iv) Chucking machines,
(v) Horizontal spindle machines,
(vi) Vertical spindle machines.

Single spindle automatics have only one spindle


and they machine one component at a time.

Multi spindle automatics have more then one spindle (4 to 8).


These machines are either
i) of parallel action type
or
ii) of progressive action type.
Multi spindle machines have higher production rate as
compared to single spindle machines.
Bar stock machines use-work material in the form of bar and
produce components such as bushes, nuts, screws, rings etc.
Chucking machines hold castings or forgings in the chuck or in
special fixtures for machining them.

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Horizontal

spindle machines have their spindle in the horizontal

Single Spindle Chucking Automatics

position.
Vertical spindle machines have their spindle in vertical position.
They occupy less floor space as compared to horizontal spindle
machines.
The majority of these machines are operated mechanically by
trips and cams, which, with the gearing, control the spindle
speeds, strokes and other aspects of the cycle.

Single spindle chucking automatics are designed for efficient


production of parts which must be held in a chuck.
All tool movements, and speed and feed changes are controlled
automatically. Parts are usually loaded and unloaded manually.
These machines are built with numerical controls or with
electromechanical or hydraulic control systems.
Single spindle chucking automatics vary in size from 150 mm to
600 mm chucking capacity.

The drive from the motor is to the spindle via change gears and
from thence, through feed change gears, to the control shaft which
operates the turret by means of a drum having the same number of
lobes as there are turret faces, which vary from four to six.
Driven from this shaft, at right angles, is the cross slide shaft,
having single lobe drum cams driving the front and rear slides.
Fitted at an accessible place on the central shaft are various trips.

SINGLE SPINDLE AUTOMATIC LATHE

AUTOMATIC SCREW CUTTING MACHINE

PARTS PRODUCED IN AN AUTOMATIC


SCREW CUTTING MACHINE
LAY OUT OF DRIVES ON SINGLE SPINDLE AUTOMATIC

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SWISS TYPE AUTOMATIC SCREW MACHINE

Swiss Type Screw Machines - The


swiss type screw machine was
developed for precision turning of
small parts to tolerances of 0'005 mm
to 0'0125 mm. Swiss type machine
differs widely in design and function
from other types of screw machines.
The swiss type screw machine does not
Swiss Type Screw Machine
have a turret. Instead, the cutting tools A - Micrometer Adjustment
are held and moved in radial slides.The C - Cam B - Infeed Cam Arm
D - Tool Bit
stock is held and rotated by an
accurately made collet located at the
back of the machine and additionally
supported by a closefitting guide
bushing.
Parts Made Out From Swiss Type Screw Machines

Machining of stock is carried out with


single point cutting tools. Because of
their location, the tools cut close to the
headstock bushing so that the workpiece
is not subjected too much deflection.
Cams move the tools into cutting
position and provide feed into the work
in a radial direction only. Four cams
feed the cutting tools, in and out,
perpendicular to the work. This controls
the diameter. Fifth cam moves the work
along endwise under the cutting tools.
The time required for setting the tooling
usually is an hour or two, and an
operator can handle several machines,
once they have been properly tooled.

Swiss Type Screw Machine


A - Micrometer Adjustment C Cam B - Infeed Cam Arm D - Tool
Bit

Basic principle of Swiss type automatic lathe

Parts Made Out From Swiss Type Screw Machines

PROGRESSIVE ACTION MULTI SPINDLE MACHINE

Kinematic system of Swiss type automatic lathe

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Multi Spindle Bar Automatics


Because of bar loading limitations,
multi spindle bar automatics are
horizontal spindle machines, having from
four to eight work spindles of from 15
mm to 120 mm capacity.
Instead of the tools being mounted in a
revolving turret; on this machine, the
spindles are mounted in a turret called a
spindle carrier
Each spindle carries a bar of material.

The end working tools are mounted


on a reciprocating slide.
Cross slides are also provided for
profile work and stock cut off.
One machining stage is performed at
each spindle position, and each
workpiece passes consecutively
through all positions, I to IV.
Thus, one revolution of the spindle
cylinder (carrier) is required to
machine a workpiece, if the
automatic has one loading position.

To explain further, in multi spindle


automatics, the work is divided so that a
portion of it is performed at each of the
several (say, 4, 5, 6 or 8) stations or
positions simultaneously, thereby short
terming the time required to finish one
part
Each time the tools are withdrawn and
the spindle carrier indexes one station, a
finished work piece is cut off and a new
piece is started.
Bars of stock are loaded into each
spindle when it has been indexed, to the
first position. If automatic stock feeding
is used, it is done in the lower spindle
position at the rear of the machine.

Typical kinematic system of Single spindle automatic lathe

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