ISSN: 2456-1657

Elins Journal
Elins International Journal of Science Engineering & Management (EIJSEM), Volume-1, Issue-5, Sept 2016
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Analysis of centered weighted median filter with various density of impulse

noise for different window size
Anju Rajput1, Umesh Barahdia2
Department of Electronics, college name, Gwalior, India
Anamika30rajput@gmail.com1, umesh.barahdia@gmail.com2

Abstract: Now a days, Median filter are very effective in filtering the Corrupted digital images. The most frequently occur noise is
salt and pepper type impulse noise. Salt and pepper noise include lowest and highest intensity pixels which are displayed as a black
and white pixel in the digital image. As the noise increases it becomes hard to recover the noisy digital image. In Median filters, size
of the window taken in the filter is also the important factor at different level of noises. The performance of the centered weighted
median (CWM) filter is tested for different window sizes of filter on the gray scale images corrupted with variable percentage of salt
& pepper noise impulse noise. It is found that at higher level of noise, large window size in the filters works better than small window
size. These comparisons are very helpful in deciding the window size for the filter at different level of noise.
Keywords: Median filter, Window size, CWM (Centered weighted median filter), Salt and pepper noise, PSNR (Peak signal to noise ratio).
I.

INTRODUCTION

Digital images have played an important role in various fields

of science and technology like remote sensing, satellite
television, biomedical imaging, computer tomography,
astronomy, geology and the list keeps on increasing [1]. Due
to imperfections in image sensors digital images are often
corrupted with noise. Aside from this type of noise,
transmission of images through communication channel also
corrupts the images due to broken networks, improper
communication channel, radiations, human-made sources
(switching and interference) to signal representation (bit
errors) and natural (atmospheric lighting) ones. Digital images
are used for taking out intelligence for surveillance and if
image visual quality of the image is not good then
performance may hinder a lot. Therefore, image filtering is of
paramount importance [2]. Median filter is an order statistic
filter which is also non-linear. A median filter works in a
window of size WMWN where, WM and WN are both odd.
It replaces the center pixel with a value equal to the median of
all the pixels in window [3].
Usually window size of the filter is taken as 3x3. Other
window sizes are like 5x5, 7x7 and so on. Window size of the
CWM is studied for analyzing quality of image at different
noise density.
II.

THEORY

Suppose {X} is the noisy image and (2N+1) (2N+1) is the

sliding window size, centered at , . The adjustment of the
center pixel according to weight is given by following
equation.

,
, ,

0,0

, / ,
(1)

Where the weight of the center pixel, W is is the window

size and
, is the output pixel. If =1, then CWM filter
become the simple median filter.
III.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

Standard gray scale image cameraman is used as a testing

image for analysis of CWM filter in MATLAB. The algorithm
of filter is implemented in MATLAB. The steps of
experimental procedure are as follows
1)
2)
3)
4)

Read standard test image.

Add salt and pepper noise of varying density.
Apply filter on corrupted image.
Calculate PSNR from original and restored image for the
filter.
5) Repeat steps 1 to 4 for other different window sizes (3x3,
5x5, 7x7, 9x9).
Noise density is varied from 1 to 80 percent.

Center weighted median is a special case of weighted median

filters. This filter gives more weight only to the center pixel in
the window and easy to implementable. CWM filter preserves
more edges, details is compared with simple median filter at
the expense of less noise suppression.

ManuscriptNo.EIJM0916006

IV.

EXPERIMENTAL REULTS

PSNR CALCULATION: If
, is the original image,
, is the corrupted image then PSNR of the corrupted
image is given by following formula,

ISSN: 2456-1657
10 log

35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80

(2)

PSNR is calculated for different density of noise and the result

is shown in table below,
Table 1
PSNR values of standard grey scale image cameraman for
different window sizes (3x3 5x5 7x7 9x9) in the variation of
noise (salt & paper) density 1 to 80

Percentage
of Noise
density
1
5
10
15
20
25
30

3x3

Window Filter Technique

5x5
7x7

25.77
25.56
25.10
24.71
23.95
23.71
22.82

24.38
24.20
24.12
23.67
23.37
23.22
22.58

22.23
22.22
22.08
21.97
21.68
21.35
21.25

9x9
22.00
21.92
21.77
21.70
21.46
21.11
21.06

22.00
20.89
19.47
17.40
16.07
14.30
12.67
11.13
10.02
8.60

22.06
21.63
20.78
19.89
18.70
17.69
15.91
14.17
12..21
10.70

20.95
20.53
20.02
19.82
19.35
18.45
17.50
16.13
14.14
12.14

For the comparison point of view, the PSNR values of

different window size with the help of three different window
filter techniques in the variation of noise density from 1 to 80
is plotted and it is shown in the figure 2.
Also, the original image on which all the values of PSNR are
calculated is shown in the figure 3. The noisy images and their
respective filtered images are also shown in the table 2 with
the different density of noise.

Noise Vs PSNR Plot For Different Window Size

26
3x3
5x5
7x7
9x9

24
22

PSNR

20
18
16
14
12
10
8

10

20

30

40
Noise Level

50

60

70

80

Figure 2: Plot of PSNR VS Noise density for different window sizes (3x3 5x5 7x7 9x9).

ManuscriptNo.EIJM0916006

20.80
20.39
19.92
19.51
19.21
18.61
18.04
17.31
15.75
14.34

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Figure 3: Original Image of Cameraman

Table2
Noisy and Recovered CAMERAMAN image for noise density level varied from 40% to 70% with no iteration and 10 times
iteration using SWMF filter

Windo
w size
Noisy
image

80%

3x3

ManuscriptNo.EIJM0916006

55%

40%

1%

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5x5

7x7

9x9

V.

CONCLUSION

The analysis on window size as shown figure 2 states that as

the noise density is increased higher window size performs
much better than lower window size as show in figure 2 and
lower window size works perfectly at low density of noises in
CWM filter. At medium noise density (from 35 to 45%), any
window size can perform better therefore in such cases for
high speed lower window size can be preferred.

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