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Part A
Mutant N. crassa cells that cannot make arginine on their own must be supplied with arginine to grow. For the
metabolic pathway shown in Figure 16.1, if a mutant lacked enzyme 2, would it still be able to grow if it were provided
with (a) ornithine or (b) citrulline in its diet?
Hint 1.
Can ornithine or citrulline be converted to arginine if enzyme 2 is lacking?
ANSWER:
(a) No (b) No
(a) Yes (b) No
(a) No (b) Yes
(a) Yes (b) Yes
Correct
Correct. Citrulline, but not ornithine, can still be converted to arginine even if enzyme 2 is lacking.
Part A
Srb and Horowitz showed that ______.
Hint 1.
Review Figure 16.2.
ANSWER:
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Correct
Correct. Their research supported the one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis.
Part A
A knock-out allele is ______.
Hint 1.
To knock something out means to completely shut it down.
ANSWER:
a wild-type (normal) form of a gene that is difficult to detect
a mutated form of a gene that does not make a functioning product
a wild-type (normal) form of a gene that produces a protein with increased activity
a mutated form of a gene that creates proteins with additional functions
a mutated form of a gene that creates proteins with additional segments
Correct
Correct. Knock-out alleles are also known as null or loss-of-function alleles.
Part A
The idea that the sequence of bases in DNA specifies the sequence of bases in an RNA molecule, which specifies the
sequence of amino acids in a protein, is _______.
Hint 1.
This hypothesis is one of the most important in our understanding of molecular biology.
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ANSWER:
the Neurospora biosynthetic hypothesis
the central dogma
the neutral theory
the one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis
the codon hypothesis
Correct
Correct. The central dogma is one of the basic underpinnings of biology.
Part A
According to the original central dogma, what macromolecule or phenomenon is directly responsible for an organism's
phenotype?
Hint 1.
The central dogma is that DNA codes for RNA, and RNA codes for protein.
ANSWER:
transcription
DNA
protein
mutation
RNA
Correct
Correct. Proteins carry out the majority of cell functions.
Part A
What are the steps (in the correct order) that link a change in the base sequence of a gene to a change in the
phenotype of an organism like a mouse or a human?
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Hint 1.
Review Figure 16.4.
ANSWER:
DNA>Protein>RNA
Protein>RNA>DNA
RNA>DNA>Protein
DNA>RNA>Protein
Correct
Correct. This is the central dogma, which summarizes the flow of information in cells from DNA (genes) to
proteins. For genes that encode RNAs that do not function as mRNAs, only the DNA>RNA step occurs.
Chapter 16 Question 1
Part A
What does the one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis state?
ANSWER:
Genes code for ribozymes.
Genes are composed of stretches of DNA.
Genes are made of protein.
A single gene codes for a single protein.
Correct
Chapter 16 Question 5
Part A
Which of the following describes an important experimental strategy in deciphering the genetic code?
ANSWER:
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Correct
Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 86.4%.
You received 6.91 out of a possible total of 8 points.
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