IS: 800-2007--- Indian Code of

Practice for Construction in Steel

Dr. T. K. Bandyopadhyay
Joint Director general

Institute for Steel Development & Growth

 TOPICS COVERED
INTRODUCTION
BRIEF DISCUSSION ON DESIGN
METHODOLOGIES
BRIEF OVERVIEW OF IS 800 (2007)
IS 800 (2007) & OTHER INTERNATIONAL
CODES
CONCLUSIONS

INTRODUCTION
Codes & Standards provides specifications and
stipulations for state-of-the-art design to be put into
practice.
Codes and Standards pertaining to Steel Design must
be
Understandable
Shall be based on good structural theory
Shall deal with elastic instability, dynamic loads and fatigue

IS 800 --- Basic Code for Design of Steel Structures

The code was revised in the year 2007 and available
since Feb08 i.e. after release of the document.
Earlier version of the code was much outdated
compared to the recent developments in steel design
all over the world.

INTRODUCTION
Earlier IS: 800 was based on Allowable Stress design
(ASD) methodology.
Methodology of Design of Steel Structures has
undergone major changes during the last two
decades due to research all over the world.
Revision of many other steel related codes in India
are also dependent on revision of IS 800.
An out-dated code is detrimental to the very purpose
of the code of practice itself.
Thus, revision of IS 800 was essential to include
design stipulations as are prevalent all over the world
and to ensure availability of efficient sections.

INTRODUCTION
Almost all countries are adopting more efficient
techniques of design based on various efficient
codes.
The current practice all over the world is based on
Limit State Method (LSM) or Load and Resistance
Factor Design (LRFD) method.
Country wise practice of design procedure is given in
Table 1.
Table: 1 Countries and their Design Format

Australia, Canada,
China, Europe, U.K.,
Japan

Limit State Method (LSM)

U. S. A

Load and Resistance factor Design

(LRFD) Method & Allowable Stress
Design (ASD)

India

Allowable Stress Design (ASD)

INTRODUCTION
LSM has become the design philosophy in most of
the International design standards.
LSM design ensures
Rationality in Design
Economy of Design

In India it was felt that IS: 800 should be modified to

LSM keeping ASD as a transition alternative.
It was also felt that this modification would render
steel design novel and will facilitate accuracy of
design.
However, it is important that the basic philosophy of
both the design methods is understood by all.

BRIEF DISCUSSION ON DESIGN METHODOLOGIES

A. ASD METHODS

Unit stress is not allowed to exceed a predefined allowable stress,

factual < fallowable where

The allowable stress is defined by a limiting

stress divided by a factor of safety
fallowable = (fy / Fs)
(fy = minimum yield stress and Fs = factor of
Safety)

Factor of safety (Fs) is fixed.

BRIEF DISCUSSION ON DESIGN METHODOLOGIES

ASD METHODS (Contd.)

No matter how variable the loads are in terms of

frequency or magnitude, the factor of safety is always
the same.

Advanced knowledge about strength of materials

beyond yield point and its plastic plateau led to the
development of LSM as an alternative to ASD.

A better way than Effective length methods can also

be adopted using Merchant Rankine approach to find
the limiting load of the whole structure.
1/Plimit = 1/Pfield + 1/Pcritical

Where, Plimit, Pfield, and Pcritical are the factored limit load
of the structure, load at plastic collapse ignoring
instability, and the elastic critical load of the structure
respectively.

BRIEF DISCUSSION ON DESIGN METHODOLOGIES

B. LIMIT STATE METHOD (LSM)

It incorporates Load Factors to take into

account of the variability of loading
configurations.
A rational but variable factor of safety in
different structural performance enables to
use steel efficiently and economically in
different structural systems to withstand
tension, compression etc.
LSM considers the good performance of
steel in tension compared to compression
and specifies variable factors.

BRIEF DISCUSSION ON DESIGN METHODOLOGIES

B LIMIT STATE METHOD (LSM)

This method renders a structure or part of it

unfit for use when it exceeds the limit states.

Beyond this limit states the structure

infringes one of the criteria governing its
performance.

The two limit states are classified as

Ultimate Limit States ---- It takes care of the
structure from strength point of view
Serviceability Limit States ---- It takes care of
the structure in terms of safe operation

BRIEF DISCUSSION ON DESIGN METHODOLOGIES

B LIMIT STATE METHOD (LSM)

The criteria which defines ultimate limit states are

Strength (Yielding & Buckling)

Stability against Overturning and Sway
Fracture due to Fatigue
Brittle failure

Serviceability limit states takes care of the

performance and behavior of the structure during its
service period.

The criteria which defines serviceability limit states

are
Deflection (including drift)
Vibration
Fatigue checks (including reparable damage due to
fatigue)
Corrosion

BRIEF DISCUSSION ON DESIGN METHODOLOGIES

B LIMIT STATE METHOD (LSM)

LSM considers the critical local

buckling stress of the constituent
plate elements of a beam.
Based on slenderness ratio of
constituent plate element a section
may be classified as

Plastic
Compact
Semi-compact
Slender

BRIEF DISCUSSION ON DESIGN METHODOLOGIES

B LIMIT STATE METHOD (LSM)

In LSM, the factored loads, in different

combinations, are applied to the
structure to determine the load effects.

These are then compared with the

design strength of the elements.

BRIEF DISCUSSION ON DESIGN METHODOLOGIES

B LIMIT STATE METHOD (LSM)

Mathematical representation
criteria in LSM is

of

strength

1
L .Qk
(Function of y and other
f . m1. m 2 geometric variables)

check

where

partial factor for loads.

factor that takes account of inaccuracies in assessment

of loads, stress distribution and construction.

m1 & , m2

factors that take into account, uncertainty in material

strength and quality, and manufacturing tolerances
respectively.

Qk

specified nominal load.

yield strength of the material.

BRIEF OVERVIEW OF IS 800 (2007)

A steel member subjected to external system of

loading may be subjected to one of the following:

The basic stresses in a member are either

Compression
Tension
Bending
Combined effect of Bending and Tension
Combined effect of Bending and Compression
Compressive
Tensile
Shear

The primary forces are

Compressive forces
Tensile forces
Bending Moments

BRIEF OVERVIEW OF IS 800 (2007)

Comparative Study of Design Outputs
between ASD and LSM

The comparisons have been made by designing

various sets of members subjected to same
tensile, compressive, or flexural Loads.

The charts shown give an account of the

percentage of design strength of a member
utilised in WSM w. r. t. percentage in LSM.

It may be seen that LSM gives more economy in

tension and flexure, whereas in compression
WSM gives better results.

BRIEF OVERVIEW OF IS 800 (2007)

Percentage Strength
Utilised

TENSION MEMBERS
120.00
100.00
80.00
60.00
40.00
20.00
0.00

WSM
LSM

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Various Design Options

Fig 1 Percentage strength utilized in Tension Members

BRIEF OVERVIEW OF IS 800 (2007)

Percentage Strength
Utilised

COMPRESSION MEMBERS
120.00
100.00
80.00
60.00
40.00
20.00
0.00

WSM
LSM

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Various Design Options

Fig 2 Percentage strength utilized in Compression Members

BRIEF OVERVIEW OF IS 800 (2007)

COMPRESSION MEMBERS
1
0.9

0.8

fcd / fy

0.7
0.6

0.5
0.4

0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Slender Ratio
Fig 3 Column Buckling Curves

3.0

3.5

BRIEF OVERVIEW OF IS 800 (2007)

Table: 2 Buckling Class of Cross Sections

Cross Section

Limits
h / b > 1.2:

Rolled I - Section
y

Buckling Buckling
about axis
Class
tf 40 mm

z-z
yy

a
b

40 mm < tf 100 mm

zz
y-y

b
c

tf 100 mm

z-z
yy

b
c

tf > 100 mm

zz
y-y

d
d

tf 40 mm

z-z
yy

b
c

tf > 40 mm

zz
y-y

c
d

tf
tw

h / b 1.2:

b
y

Welded I - Section
y

tw

h z
y
b

tff

tw

zh z

tff
z

y
b

BRIEF OVERVIEW OF IS 800 (2007)

Table: 2 Buckling Class of Cross Sections (Contd.)

Cross Section

Limits

Hollow Section

Welded Box section

y

tf

tw

Hot Rolled

Any

Cold Formed

Any

Generally
(Except as bellow)

Any

zz
y-y

c
c

Any

Any

Thick Welds and

Buckling Buckling
about axis
Class

b / tf < 30
h / tw < 30

b y

Channel, Angle, Tee and solid Sections

y

z
y
y

Built-up Members

z
y

BRIEF OVERVIEW OF IS 800 (2007)

Percentage Strength
Utilised

FLEXURE MEMBERS
120.000
100.000
80.000
60.000
40.000
20.000
0.000

WSM
LSM

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Various Design Options

Fig 4 Percentage strength utilized in Flexure Members

Table: 3 Tension Members

PRAMETERS

IS 800
(2007)

BS 5950
(2000)

Eurocode
(1993)

AS 4100
(1998)

AISC 360
(2005)

mo

1.10

1.00

1.10

1.11

1.11

m1

1.25

1.20

1.25

1.31

1.31

Partial Safety Factor

(In eff. Area)

0.90

0.90

dh + 2mm

dh

dh

dh

dh + 2mm

dh

dh

dh

dh

dh + 2mm

fy Ag / mo

fy Ag / mo

fy A g

fy A g

( = 0.90)

( = 0.90)

Fabrication Factor
For Punched Hole, dh
For Drilled Hole, dh

Gross Section
Capacity

Table: 3 Tension Members (Contd.)

PARAMETERS

IS 800
(2007)

BS 5950
(2000)

Eurocode
(1993)

AS 4100
(1998)

AISC
360
(2005)

0.9Anfu / m1

fy Ae

0.9Anfu / m1

0.85 An fu

. Ae.fu

Net Section Capacity

( = 0.75)
Plates (Bolted Conn.)

- do -

- do -

- do -

- do -

- do -

Plates (Welded Conn.)

- do -

- do -

- do -

- do -

- do -

U An fu / m1

0.85 kt An fu

- do -

Angles

0.9Anc fu / m1
+ Ago fy / mo

Single Angle (Bolted)

- do -

fy (Ae 0.5a2 )

- do -

kt = 0.85

- do -

Double Angle (both side of

Gusset) - bolted

- do -

fy (Ae 0.25a2 )

- do -

kt = 1.00

- do -

Double Angle (Same side

of Gusset) - bolted

- do -

fy (Ae 0.5a2 )

- do -

kt = 0.85

- do -

Single Angle (Welded)

- do -

fy (Ae 0.3a2 )

- do -

kt = 0.85

- do -

Double Angle (both side of

Gusset) - Welded

- do -

fy (Ae 0.15a2 )

- do -

kt = 1.00

- do -

Double Angle (Same side

of Gusset) - Welded

- do -

fy (Ae 0.5a2 )

- do -

kt = 0.85

- do -

Table: 3 Tension Members (Contd.)

PARAMETERS

Shear Lag
Factor, U
U (General)

IS 800
(2007)

BS 5950
(2000)

fy

f y Ae 0.5 Ago
fu
0.9 Anc m1 + Ago mo
An f u

f
An u

f
m1

{ Ae = u An < Ag }
1 .2 f y

Eurocode
(1993)

AS
4100
(1998)

kt

AISC
360
(2005)

1=
2(e2-0.5do)/An

Angle (n = 1)

x
L

0.85

0.60

Angle (n = 2)

0.4 +

0.3
( p 2.5d o ) < 0.7
2.5d o

0.85

0.60

Angle (n = 3)

0.2
( p 2.5d o ) < 0.7
2.5d o
0.2
( p 2.5d o ) < 0.7
0.4 +
2.5d o

0.85

0.60

0.85

0.80

Unequal angle
(short leg conn.)

0.75

Other shapes (n=2)

0.85

Other shapes (n=4)

0.85

Angle (n = 4 or
more)

0.5 +

Table: 3 Tension Members (Contd.)

PARAMETERS
Block Shear
capacity (Case
1)

IS 800
(2007)

Shear Plane
capacity

Avg . f y / 3 mo

Tension Plane
Capacity

0.9 Atn.fu / m1

BS 5950
(2000)

Eurocode
(1993)

AS 4100
(1998)

AISC 360
(2005)

0.6 Avg.fy

0.6 Anv Fy

0.6 Ke Atn.fy

Ubs Agt Fu
Ubs = 1 for uniform
tensile stress
Ubs = 0.5 for
uniform tensile
stress

Block Shear
capacity (Case
2)
Shear Plane
capacity
Tension Plane
Capacity

0.9 Avn . f u / 3 m1
Atg.fy / mo

0.6 Agv Fy

Ubs Ant Fu

Table: 3 Tension Members (Contd.)

where
n

of

Avn

Net shear plane area

of

Atg

Gross tension plane

area

dh

= Diameter of
fastener hole

Atn

Net tension plane area

= Connection
eccentricity

a2

Area of outstanding
leg

An

= Net area

fu

Ultimate tensile stress

Ae

= Effective area

fy

Yield stress

Avg

= Gross shear
plane area

Length of connection

= Number
bolts
= Diameter
fasteners

Table: 4 Compression Members

PARAMETERS

IS 800
(2007)

BS
5950
(2000)

Eurocode
(1993)

AS 4100
(1998)

AISC
360
(2005)

Plastic Section

Ae = Ag

Ae = Ag

Ae = Ag

Ae = be.t = Ag

Ae = Ag

Compact section

Ae = Ag

Ae = Ag

Ae = Ag

Ae = be.t = Ag

Ae = Ag

Non-compact
section

Ae = Ag

Ae = Ag

Ae = Ag

Ae = be.t = Ag

Ae = Ag

Ae = beff.t

Ae = beff.t

Ae = beff.t

Ae = be.t

Ae = beff.t

Plastic Section

fy.Ag / mo

fy.Ag

fy.Ag / mo

.kf .fy .An = .fy .Ag (kf = 1)

c.fy.Ag

Compact section

fy.Ag / mo

fy.Ag

fy.Ag / mo

.kf .fy .An = .fy .Ag (kf = 1)

c.fy.Ag

Non-compact
section

fy.Ag / mo

fy.Ag

fy.Ag / mo

.kf .fy .An = .fy .Ag (kf = 1)

c.fy.Ag

Slender Section

fy.Ag / mo

fy.Ag

fy.Ag / mo

.kf .fy .An = .fy .Ae (kf 1)

c.fy.Ag

Effective Area of
Cross Section

Slender Section

Capacity of
Cross Section

kf = Ae / Ag & An = Ag

Table: 4 Compression Members (Contd.)

PARAMETERS

IS 800
(2007)

BS 5950
(2000)

Eurocode
(1993)

AS 4100
(1998)

AISC 360
(2005)

Plastic Section

Leff / r

Leff / r

Leff / r

Leff / r

Leff / r

Compact section

Leff / r

Leff / r

Leff / r

Leff / r

Leff / r

Non-compact
section

Leff / r

Leff / r

Leff / r

Leff / r

Leff / r

Slender Section

Leff / r

Leff / r (Aeff / Ag )0.5

Leff / r

Leff / r

Leff / r

Plastic Section

.fy.Ag / mo

f y.Ag

.fy.Ag / mo

.c.fy.Ag

c.Fcr.Ag

Compact section

.fy.Ag / mo

f y.Ag

.fy.Ag / mo

.c.fy.Ag

c.Fcr.Ag

Non-compact
section

.fy.Ag / mo

f y.Ag

.fy.Ag / mo

.c.fy.Ag

c.Fcr.Ag

Slender Section

.fy.Ae / mo

f y.Ae

.fy.Ae / mo

.c.fy.Ae

c.Fcr.Ae

= f (L/r) 1

f y = f (L/r)

= f (L/r) 1

c = f (L/r) 1

Fcr = f (L/r) 1

Eff. Slenderness
Ratio,

Section Capacity
(Member Buckling)

Table: 4 Compression Members (Contd.)

PARAMETERS

IS 800
(2007)

BS 5950
(2000)

Eurocode
(1993)

AS 4100
(1998)

AISC 360
(2005)

Rolled I -Section (z-z) tf 40

Rolled I -Section (y-y) tf 40

Rolled I -Section (z-z) tf > 40

Rolled I -Section (y-y) tf > 40

Rolled H -Section (z-z) tf 40

b ( tf 100 )

b ( tf 100 )

Rolled H -Section (y-y) tf 40

c ( tf 100 )

c ( tf 100 )

Rolled H -Section (z-z) tf > 40

d ( tf 100 )

d ( tf 100 )

Rolled H -Section (y-y) tf > 40

d ( tf 100 )

d ( tf 100 )

Welded I -Section (z-z) tf 40

Welded I -Section (y-y) tf 40

Welded I -Section (z-z) tf > 40

Welded I -Section (y-y) tf > 40

Buckling Curve

Table: 4 Compression Members (Contd.)

PARAMETERS

IS 800 BS 5950
(2007)
(2000)

Eurocode
(1993)

AS 4100
(1998)

AISC 360
(2005)

Buckling Curve (Contd.)

Welded Box-Section (z-z) tf 40

Welded Box-Section (y-y) tf 40

Welded Box-Section (z-z) tf > 40

Welded Box-Section (y-y) tf > 40

Hollow Section (Hot Rolled)

Hollow Section (Cold Formed)

Channel, angles Tees

Two rolled section (Built-up)

Imperfection Factor ( Curve a )

0.21

0.21

0.21

Imperfection Factor ( Curve b )

0.34

0.34

0.34

Imperfection Factor ( Curve c )

0.49

0.49

0.49

Imperfection Factor ( Curve d )

0.76

0.76

0.76

Table: 5 Flexure Members (Compression Flange Laterally Restrained)

PARAMETERS

IS 800
(2007)

BS
5950
(2000)

Euro
code
(1993)

AS 4100
(1998)

AISC
360
(2005)

Plastic
Section

Zp.fy / mo
1.2 Ze.fy / mo

Zp.fy

Zp.fy / mo

.Zp.fy
1.5 . Ze.fy

Mp = .Zp.fy

Compact
Section

Zp.fy / mo
1.2 Ze.fy / mo

Zp.fy

Zp.fy / mo

.Zp.fy
1.5 . Ze.fy

Mp = .Zp.fy

Noncompact
section

Ze.fy / mo

Zp.fy

Ze.fy / mo

Slender
Section

Zeff.fy

Zeff.fy / mo

Bending
Resistance
under low
shear
[V 0.6Vd ]

Zp = Plastic Section Modulus

Ze = Elastic section Modulus
Zeff = Effective Section Modulus

s
f y Z e + sy

sy sp

(Z c Z e )

. Ze.fy (sy s)
sp = Plastic Limit (Slenderness)
sy = Yield Limit (Slenderness)
s = Section Slenderness Ratio

Table: 5 Flexure Members (Compression Flange Laterally Restrained)

PARAMETERS

IS 800
(2007)

BS 5950
(2000)

Eurocode
(1993)

AS
4100
(1998)

AISC
360
(2005)

Plastic Section

fy / mo ( Zp - .Zpv )
1.2 Ze.fy / mo

fy ( Zp - .Zpv )

fy / mo ( Zp - .Zpv )

Mp = .Zp.fy

Compact Section

fy / mo ( Zp - .Zpv )
1.2 Ze.fy / mo

fy ( Zp - .Zpv )

fy / mo ( Zp - .Zpv )

Mp = .Zp.fy

Ze.fy / mo

fy ( Ze - .Zpv / 1.5)

fy / mo ( Ze - .Zpv )

fy ( Zeff - .Zpv / 1.5)

fy / mo ( Zeff - .Zpv )

Zpv (equal Flanges)

Zp - Zf

Zv

Zv

Zpv (unequal
Flanges)

Zp - Zf

Zp - Zf

Zp - Zf

Bending
Resistance
(High shear)
[V > 0.6Vd ]

Non-compact
section
Slender Section

Zf = Plastic modulus of effective section excluding shear area

Zz = Plastic modulus of the shear area

(2 V / Vd 1) 2

(2 V / Vd 1) 2

(2 V / Vd 1) 2

Table: 6 Flexure Members (Compression Flange Laterally Un-restrained)

PARAMETERS

IS 800
(2007)

BS
5950
(2000)

Eurocode
(1993)

AS 4100
(1998)

LT.Zp.fy / mo

fb.Zp

LT.Zp.fy / mo

m.s..Zp.fy
1.5m.s..Ze.fy

AISC 360
(2005)

Buckling
Resistance
Moment
Plastic
section
Lp < Lb Lr

Lb L p

L
L

p
r

Cb M p (M p 0.7 f y Z e )

Lb > Lr
Compact
section
Lp < Lb Lr

LT.Zp.fy / mo

fb.Zp

LT.Zp.fy / mo

m.s..Zp.fy
1.5m.s..Ze.fy

.Fcr.Ze

Lb L p

L
L

p
r

Cb M p (M p 0.7 f y Z e )

Lb > Lr

.Fcr.Ze

Table: 6 Flexure Members (Compression Flange Laterally Un-restrained)

IS
800
(2007)

BS
5950
(2000)

(LT.Ze)
fy /mo

fb.Ze

Lp< Lb Lr

Lb > Lr

Slender
Section

fb.Zeff

LT.Zeff
. fy /mo

Lp< Lb Lr

Same as Non-compact
Section

Lb > Lr

- Do -

PARAMETER

Euro
(1993)

AS 4100
(1998)

AISC 360
(2005)

Buckling
Resist.
Moment
Noncompact
Section

LT.Ze.

sy s

fy /mo ms. f y Ze +
(Zc Ze )

Lt & fb = Depends on

equivalent slenderness

sy sp

Lb L p

L
L

p
r

L pf

M p (M p 0.7 f y Z e )

pf
rf

Cb M p (M p 0.7 f y Z e )

.Fcr.Ze 0.9E kc.Ze / 2

m = Moment Modification Factor

s = Slenderness Reduction Factor

Table: 6 Flexure Members (Compression Flange Laterally Un-restrained)

PARAMETERS

IS 800
(2007)

Equivalent
Slenderness Ratio

BS 5950
(2000)

LT = b Z p f y / M cr LT = u w

Eurocode
(1993)

AS
4100
(1998)

AISC
360
(2005)

LT = b Z p f y / M cr

Imperfection factor
(Rolled Section)

0.21

0.21

0.21

Imperfection factor
(Welded Section)

0.49

0.49

0.49

Normal

Destab.

Normal

Destab.

Warping restraint

0.70L

0.85L

0.70L

0.85L

Both Flanges fully

Restrained

0.75L

0.90L

0.75L

0.90L

Comp. Flange fully

restrained

0.80L

0.95L

0.80L

0.95L

Both Flanges partly

Restrained

0.85L

1.00L

0.85L

1.00L

Comp. Flange partly

restrained

1.00L

1.20L

1.00L

1.20L

Warping not restrained

in both direction

0.70L

0.85L

0.70L

0.85L

Effective Length

Compression Flange laterally restrained against torsion

Table: 6 Flexure Members (Compression Flange Laterally Un-restrained)

PARAMETER

IS 800
(2007)

BS 5950
(2000)

Euro
(1993)

AS 4100
(1998)

AISC 360
(2005)

Effective length
(Contd.)

Norm

Destab

Norm

Destab

Partially restrained
by bottom flange
support connection

1.0L+
2D

1.2L+
2D

1.0L+
2D

1.2L+
2D

Partially restrained
by bottom flange
bearing support

1.2L+
2D

1.4L+
2D

1.2L+
2D

1.4L+
2D

Compression flange laterally restrained against

torsion

Permissible
Shear
Vd

Av.fy / (3.mo)

0.6 fy.Av

Av.fy / (3.mo)

0.6 fy.AwCv

dw / tw 82 / (fy / 250) 0.5

0.6 fy.Av

dw / tw > 82 / (fy / 250) 0.5

v. 0.6 fy.Av

= 0.9 to 1.0
Cv 1.0

Table: 6 Flexure Members (Compression Flange Laterally Un-restrained)

PARAMETERS

IS 800
(2007)

BS 5950
(2000)

Eurocode
(1993)

AS 4100
(1998)

AISC
360
(2005)

Hot Rolled I & H

Section
(Major Axis Bending)

h.tw

h.tw

A 2b.tf + (tw + 2r).tf

h.tw

h.tw

Rolled Channel
Section
(Major Axis Bending)

h.tw

h.tw

A 2b.tf + (tw + r).tf

h.tw

h.tw

Welded I, H & Box

Section
(Major Axis Bending)

(d.tw)

(d.tw)

(d.tw)

(d.tw)

(d.tw)

Rolled & Welded I, H

& Box Section
(Minor Axis Bending)

2 b.tf

1.8 b.tf

A - (d.tw)

2 b.tf

2 b.tf

RHS Loaded parallel

to depth ( h )

A h / (b + h)

0.9A h / (b + h)

A h / (b + h)

A h / (b + h)

RHS Loaded parallel

to width ( b )

A b / (b + h)

0.9A b / (b + h)

A b / (b + h)

A b / (b + h)

2A/

0.6 A

2A/

0.6 A

0.9 A

Shear Area

CHS
Plates and Solid Bars

CONCLUSIONS

It is evident from the comparative charts

shown above, with load factors and partial
safety factors being proposed keeping
Indian conditions in consideration.

The code has been mainly modeled in line

with the Eurocodes which are generally
referred for design in the European
Countries.

Additional references have been taken from

the existing British Codes also.

CONCLUSIONS Contd.

An important aspect of this latest code is that this

code does not totally exclude the existing Allowable
Stress Design (ASD) method of analysis.

One chapter in this code has been totally dedicated

to design concepts based on the ASD method, with
certain modification from the Indian Standard (IS
800- 1984) Code.

In American code, both ASD and LRFD method of

design is equally prescribed.

In case of IS 800, ASD method with minor

modification has been included to help in making a
smooth and proper transition of design practice in
India from ASD philosophy to LSM philosophy.

Institute for Steel Development & Growth