YASMIN

NA BONUS EXITUS CHYMICIS 2 2015

BONUS EXITUS CHYMICIS 2

NAME
CLASS

NO
1
2
3
4
5

: _____________________________________________________
: _____________________________________________________

TOPICS
Rate of reaction
Carbon compounds
Redox Reaction
Thermochemistry
Chemicals for Consumers

PAGE
2
4
8
13
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REMARKS

YASMIN NA BONUS EXITUS CHYMICIS 2 2015

RATE OF REACTION
1. Four experiments were carried out to investigate the rate of reaction between magnesium ribbon and
a few types of acid. The table below shows the time taken to dissolve the 16-cm magnesium ribbon in
each experiment.
Experiment
Mixture of reactants in experiment
Temperature (C) Time (s)
33 cm3 of 0.9 mol dm-3 ethanoic acid
P
37
109
+ 16 cm magnesium ribbon
33 cm3 of 0.9 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
Q
37
48
+ 16 cm magnesium ribbon
33 cm3 of 0.9 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid
R
37
24
+ 16 cm magnesium ribbon
33 cm3 of 0.9 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
S
+ 16 cm magnesium ribbon + 5 drops of copper
37
31
(II) sulphate

(a) Write an ionic equation for the reaction between acid and the magnesium ribbon.



[1 mark]


(b) Based on the theory of collision, explain
(i) Why the reaction time for Experiment Q is shorter than Experiment P, although the
concentrations for both ethanoic acid and hydrochloric acid are the same.







[2 marks]


Why the reaction time for Experiment R is shorter than Experiment Q.
(ii)








[2 marks]
Why the time of reaction for Experiment S is shorter than Experiment Q.
(iii)







[2 marks]
(c) Explain what will happen to the reaction time if Experiment R is repeated at a higher
temperature of 47C.









[3 marks]

2.

Diagram shows two experiments, which are conducted to investigate one of the factors that influences

YASMIN NA BONUS EXITUS CHYMICIS 2 2015

the rate of a reaction.
Experiment I

Time taken for all the zinc to dissolve = 30 seconds
Reaction temperature = 35C

Experiment II

Time taken for all the zinc to dissolve = 12 seconds
Reaction temperature = 35C

(a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

(b) What is the factor that influences the rate of the reaction?

[ 2 marks/markah]

[ 1 mark/markah]
(c) What is the quantity, which should be recorded in the two experiments to determine the rate of the
reaction?

[ 1 mark/markah]
(d) State two fixed variables in these two experiments.
1
__________________________________________________________________________________
2
__________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]
(e) (i) Compare the rate of reaction in experiment I with that in experiment II.
Explain your answer based on the factor, which affects the rate of reaction.

YASMIN NA BONUS EXITUS CHYMICIS 2 2015

[ 2 marks/markah]
(ii) Explain your answer in (e)(i) with reference to the collision theory.

[ 3 marks/markah]

CARBON COMPOUNDS

3.

The following apparatus can be used to produce ethanol from sugar.

(a)


(b)


(c)

What is the substance that must be added to the sugar in order to produce ethanol?

[1 mark]
Write the chemical equation involved.

[1 mark]

Draw the structural formula of ethanol.

[2 marks]

(d)


(e)

Suggest a method to produce pure ethanol from this reaction.

[1 mark]
(i) What is obtained when butanol is completely burnt in air?


[1 mark]
(ii) Write an equation for this reaction.


[1 mark]
Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide produced when 13.0 g of butanol is burnt. [Molar
(iii)
volume: 24 dm3 at room conditions]





[3 marks]


(f) State one use of ethanol.

YASMIN NA BONUS EXITUS CHYMICIS 2 2015

[1 mark]

4.

Carbon compounds can be classified into several families or series called the homologous series.
Each of these homologous series has several general characteristics common to all its members.


(a) (i) Give the name of the homologous series whose members can be represented by the general
formula CnH2n+2.



[1 mark]
(ii) Write the molecular formula and name of the member of the homologous series in (a)(i)
which has four carbon atoms in each of its molecules.



[1 mark]
(iii) Name one main source of the compounds in this homologous series of CnH2n+2.



[1 mark]
(b) Alkene is another homologous series of carbon compounds.

(i) What is the general formula for the alkene series?



[1 mark]
(ii) Write the molecular formula and name of the alkene member having five carbon atoms in
its molecules.



[1 mark]
(iii) Draw the structural formula of all the possible isomers of the alkene you named in (b)(ii).





[2 marks]




(c) Members of alkene can be obtained from certain members of the homologous series named in
(a)(i).

(i) Name the process involved.



[1 mark]
(ii) Give one example to show the process you named in (c)(i).



[1 mark]


(d) Describe one test, which can be used to distinguish between an alkene member and a member
of the homologous series you named in (a)(i).





[2 marks]

YASMIN NA BONUS EXITUS CHYMICIS 2 2015

5. The diagram below shows a series of chemical reaction starting from Compound Q, ethanol.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

Name compound Qs homologous series

____________________________________________________________










[1 mark]
Draw a labeled diagram to show a set-up for Process I to be carried out in a laboratory.



























[2marks]
Draw and name the structural formula for compound R.














[2marks]
Describe briefly how process III can be carried out in the laboratory
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________










[3 marks]
Compound Q and T can react to form product W and water
i.
Name the reaction to form W
_______________________________________________________









[1 mark]
ii.
Draw and name the structural formula of W
[2 marks]

YASMIN NA BONUS EXITUS CHYMICIS 2 2015

6.

Diagram below shows a series of chemical reactions, starting with compound P.

Diagram /Rajah

(a) Name compound P.

[1 mark/markah]
(b) (i) Write a balanced equation to represent Process I.


[1 mark/markah]

(ii) Draw a diagram to show the apparatus set up if Process I is to be carried out in the laboratory.






[2 marks/markah]


(c) State the observation for Process II.


[1 mark/markah]
(d) Draw and name the structural formula of compound R.




[2 marks/markah]
(e) Name a material required in Process III.
[1 mark/markah]
(f) Compound S reacts with ethanol to form a sweet smelling liquid, T in Process IV.
(i) Name Process IV.

YASMIN NA BONUS EXITUS CHYMICIS 2 2015

[1 mark/markah]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the above reaction.

[1 mark/markah]

REDOX REACTIONS




7.

The diagram above shows an experiment to study the effects of metals X and Y on the rusting of iron.
The table below shows the observations that were made after two days.
Test tube
Observation
P
Few dark blue spots
Q
Lots of dark blue spots
R
Pink spots

(a) What causes the formation of pink spots in test tube R?


[1 mark]
(b) (i) What causes the formation of blue spots in test tube Q?


[1 mark]
(ii) Write the HALF equation for the formation of products in (b)(i).


[1 mark]
(iii) Name the process that occurred in (b)(ii).


[1 mark]
(c) Explain why agar solution and not other types of solutions were used in this experiment.


[1 mark]
(d) (i) What conclusion can you make, based on the observation in test tube R?


[1 mark]
(ii) What could be the reason for this observation?

[1 mark]

YASMIN NA BONUS EXITUS CHYMICIS 2 2015

(e) State another observation that can be seen in test tube Y?

(f) Suggest one possible identity for metals X and Y respectively.



(g) Name the type of corrosion that occurred in test tubes R and Q.



(h) State the manipulated variable in this experiment.

[1 mark]

[1 mark]

[1 mark]

[1 mark]

8.
The diagram below shows a Daniel Cell.

(a) State the energy conversion that takes place in the cell.


(b) Predict the observation that would take place at both electrodes.



(c) Write the half equation to represent the following reactions at the
(i) Zinc electrode.



(ii) Copper electrode


(d) Name the oxidising agent.


(e) State the change of oxidation number of copper in the reaction.


(f) Write the overall ionic equation for reaction in the cell.

[1 mark]

[2 marks]

[1 mark]
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
[1 mark]

YASMIN NA BONUS EXITUS CHYMICIS 2 2015

(g) Indicate the direction of the flow of electrons in the external circuit in the diagram above.

[1 mark]
(h) If the voltmeter in the diagram above shows 1.5 V, predict the reading of the voltmeter if zinc is
replaced by silver.


[1 mark]

9. A series of experiment were conducted using the apparatus below. Different solution of X is used in all of
the experiments. The carbon electrode in potassium iodide solution is the negative electrode. The voltmeter
records the voltage produced.

The pairs of solution X and their volts are shown below.

Experiment
Solution X
Voltage (V)
I
Bromine water
0.5 V
II
Chlorine water
0.8 V
III
Potassium manganate (VII) solution
0.9 V
IV
Potassium dichromate (VI) solution
0.7 V

Use the information in the table above to answer the questions below.
a. State the observation of potassium iodide solution
______________________________________________________________









b. Write down the half-equation, which occurs at (a).
______________________________________________________________










c. In all the experiments which electrode acted as anode. Explain why.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________









d. Write down the half- equations for the all the experiments at cathode.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

10

[1 mark]

[1 mark]

[2 marks]

YASMIN NA BONUS EXITUS CHYMICIS 2 2015

e.

f.

g.

h.

i.

[4 marks]

Write the redox equation for all 4 experiments.





______________________________________________________________






______________________________________________________________






______________________________________________________________






______________________________________________________________










[4 marks]

What was the change of the oxidation number for :
Chlorine in Experiment I : _________________________________________
Bromine in Experiment II : _________________________________________
Manganese in Experiment III : _____________________________________
Chromium in Experiment IV : _________________________________________










[4 marks]
Write the sequence of all the X solution above in the order of descending ability to receive electrons.












[3 marks]

The sulphuric acid acts as a salt bridge. What is the function of salt bridge?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________










[2 marks]

In experiment III, sulphuric acid is replaced with potassium sulphate solution. State the voltmeter
reading that will be obtained and explain why such a reading is recorded.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________










[2 marks]

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YASMIN NA BONUS EXITUS CHYMICIS 2 2015

10. Diagram below shows the apparatus set up to show the reaction between chlorine and potassium
bromide.

(a) Why is tetrachloromethane used in the experiment?

[1 mark/markah]
(b) State the observation at X and Y.



[2 marks/markah]
(c) Based on your answer in (b), what inference can be drawn from the experiment?




[2 marks/markah]
(d) (i) Which substance is oxidised?

[1 mark/markah]

(ii) What substance acts as an oxidising agent?

[1 mark/markah]
(iii) Write an ionic equation to represent the oxidation reaction.


[1 mark/markah]

(e) The experiment is then repeated with potassium iodide solution and chlorine.
(i) What will be observed in the experiment?



[1 mark/markah]
(ii) What is the change in the oxidation number of iodine?

[1 mark/markah]

12

YASMIN NA BONUS EXITUS CHYMICIS 2 2015

THERMOCHEMISTRY

11.
When aqueous lead(II) nitrate solution and aqueous sodium sulphate solution are mixed, lead(II)
sulphate precipitates. The heat of precipitation of lead(II) sulphate is -50 kJ mol-1.
(a) (i) What is the colour of lead(II) sulphate?


[1 mark]
Write a balanced equation for the reaction occurred.
(ii)



[1 mark]
(b) 40 cm3 of 0.6 mol dm-3 lead(II) nitrate solution is added to 40 cm3 of 0.6 mol dm-3 sodium sulphate
solution.
(i) Name two apparatus that are used in this experiment.


[2 marks]
(ii) Calculate the number of moles of lead (II) ion.






[1 mark]
(iii) Calculate the number of moles of sulphate ions.






[1 mark]
(iv) Calculate the heat given off in this reaction.






[2 marks]

(c) What is the maximum rise in temperature of the mixture?
[Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g-1C-1; density of water = 1 g cm-3]





[2 marks]

12.
A student carried out an experiment to determine the heat of displacement for the reaction between
copper and silver nitrate solution. In this experiment, excess copper powder was added to 110 cm3 of
silver nitrate solution 0.6 mol dm-3. The heat of displacement in this experiment was 104 kJ mol-1.
(a) What is meant by heat of displacement?


[1 mark]
(b) Besides the data given above state one other piece of data that is needed to calculate the heat of
displacement.

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YASMIN NA BONUS EXITUS CHYMICIS 2 2015

(c) State one precaution that must be taken while carrying out the experiment.



(d) (i) State one observation of the experiment.

[1 mark]

[1 mark]
[1 mark]

(e) Based on the information from this experiment, calculate

(i) the number of moles of silver ions reacted.




[1 mark]
(ii) the amount of heat released.






[1 mark]
(iii) the change in temperature.






[1 mark]
(f) Draw an energy level diagram for the reaction in this experiment.







[1 mark]
(g) The experiment is repeated using 110 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 silver nitrate solution and excess
copper powder. Calculate the temperature change in this experiment.






[2 marks]

13.

The diagram below shows an apparatus set-up to investigate the heat of combustion of ethanol,
C2H5OH.

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YASMIN NA BONUS EXITUS CHYMICIS 2 2015

The mass of the ethanol lamp was weighed before it was ignited. 180 cm3 of water was filled into a
copper tin which was heated directly using the ethanol lamp in the figure above. The experimental
data was recorded in the following table.

Mass of ethanol lamp before combustion (g)
144.70
Mass of ethanol lamp after combustion (g)
143.18
28.0
Initial temperature of water (C)
48.0
Highest temperature of water (C)
(a) (i) Define heat of combustion of ethanol.


[1 mark]
(ii) Name the products formed during the combustion of ethanol.


[1 mark]
(iii) Write a balanced equation for the combustion of ethanol.


[1 mark]
(b) (i) Calculate the mass of ethanol burnt in the experiment. [1 mark]





(ii) Calculate the number of moles of ethanol burnt.






[1 mark]
(iii) Calculate the heat released in this experiment.
[Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g-1C-1; density of water = 1 g cm-3]






[1 mark]

(c) Calculate the heat of combustion of ethanol based on (b)(ii) and (b)(iii).






[2 marks]
(d) The heat of combustion determined in the experiment is far less than the actual value of
-1376 kJ mol-1. Suggest how you can improve on the accuracy of the experiment.

15

YASMIN NA BONUS EXITUS CHYMICIS 2 2015

[2 marks]

14. Two reactions of acids and alkalis are shown in the chemical equations below


HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O



H = -57kJ/mol

CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O

H = -54kJ/mol

a. Draw the energy level diagram for both reactions

[4 marks]

b.

Define the heat of neutralization

[1 mark]

c.

Write the ionic equation for the neutralization process above

[1 mark]

d.

What is the difference between HON using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution and
HON using ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide solution. Explain why.
[3 marks]

e.

In the experiment to determine the HON, 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 of ethanoic acid and 100 cm3 of
1.0 mol dm-3 of NaOH were measured into 2 plastic cups respectively. The initial temperatures of
both solutions were recorded. The NaOH is then poured into the acid. The mixture was stirred
slowly and the highest temperature obtained was recorded.
Calculate :
i. The number of moles of water formed during the neutralization process [1 mark]

ii.

The change in heat energy during this neutralization process

16

[1 mark]

YASMIN NA BONUS EXITUS CHYMICIS 2 2015

iii.

f.

The change in temperature during this experiment

[1 mark]









In another experiment, 100 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 of ethanoic acid and 100 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 of
NaOH were used. Predict the change in temperature using these solutions. Explain why.

CHEMICALS FOR CONSUMERS

15. Medicine is often given to patients to cure or prevent diseases. The table below shows the examples
of four types of commonly used medicines.
Type of medicine
Example
Psychotherapeutic medicine
P
Analgesic
Aspirin
Q
Penicillin

(a) (i) What are psychotherapeutic medicines?

[1 mark]
(ii) Give two examples of psychotherapeutic medicines.

[2 marks]
(iii) What is the greatest danger of taking psychotherapeutic medicines?
[1 mark]
(b) (i) State the type of medicine for Q.
[1 mark]
(ii) Why is it very important to follow the prescription and to complete the dosage when
taking penicillin?

[1 mark]
(c) Figure below shows the structural formula of aspirin.

(i) What is the colour change observed when a piece of litmus paper is dipped into a
solution of aspirin?

17

YASMIN NA BONUS EXITUS CHYMICIS 2 2015

[1 mark]
(ii) What is the main use of aspirin?
[1 mark]
(iii) What is the negative effect of taking aspirin for long term?
[1 mark]
(iv) Name a substance used to prepare aspirin.
[1 mark]

16. A student carried out an investigation to determine the cleaning property of the compounds P
and Q shown in the figure below.

(a) State the type of compound shown in the figure above.

P:
Q:
[2 marks]
(b) When compound P dissolves in water, it dissociates to form sodium ion and anion. The
anion is made up of two parts according to their behaviour towards water.
(i) Write the structural formula of the anion formed and identify the two parts by
drawing a rectangle over each part.

[2 marks]
(ii) Label the part that is hydrophilic in your answer in (b)(i).
[1 mark]
(c) (i) P is found to be more effective than Q under certain conditions during cleaning. What
are the conditions?

[2 marks]
(ii) State one disadvantage of P when compared to Q.
[1 mark]

18

YASMIN NA BONUS EXITUS CHYMICIS 2 2015

(d) P can be synthesised from an alcohol as shown in the following reaction scheme.

Name the reactions in Step I and Step II.

Step I:
Step II:
[2 marks]
17.
(a) Common salt (sodium chloride), sugar and spices are three natural compounds used to
preserve food apart from improving the taste of food.
(i) What is a food preservative?
[1 mark]
(ii) How does sodium chloride function in preserving food?

[2 marks]
(iii) Sodium nitrite is an artificial food preservative. Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), a naturally
occurring compound can also act as a food preservative. Explain how the two act to
preserve food.

[2 marks]
(iv) State one adverse side effect for the excessive intake of sodium nitrite.
[1 mark]
(b) Sugar is used as food preservative as well as for sweetening. Patients with medical
conditions such as diabetes mellitus or obesity must be wary of their intake of sugar.
(i) Name one artificial sweetener that can replace sugar.
[1 mark]
(ii) Name one natural sweetener that can replace sugar.
[1 mark]
(c) Artificial food colourings are used in some processed food. Suggest two reasons for using
food colouring. [2 marks]

GOOD LUCK FOR

SPM 2015 !

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