VEHICLE EMISSION INVENTORY

FOR SRI LANKA

By

L.U.Preethika , Saman Bandara

Department of Civil Engineering
University of Moratuwa
 Sources of air Pollution

• Energy Production
• Industrial Processes
•Transport
• Agriculture
• Land use changes
• Waste disposal
• Other
Vehicle Emission Inventory is an
accounting of the pollutants attributable to
both on- road & off-road mobile sources
for specified time period
 Air pollutants

Substances which adversely affect the

health of life forms & their functionality
• Particulate Matter (PM2.5 & PM 10)
• Carbon monoxide (CO)
• Oxides of Nitrogen (NO x)
• Lead (Pb )
• Sulfer Dioxide (SO2)
• Volatile Organic Compounds(VOC)
Parameters Affecting Vehicle Emissions
• Vehicle type or engine
capacity
• Fuel type used
• Driving Environment
• Operating characteristics
• Age & the accumulated
mileage
• Maintenance procedure
• Emission control
 Uses of Emission Inventory

• Assess the level of Pollution released to

the air from various sources
• Air quality planning
• Local & Regional scale modeling
• Assess total emission due to new highway
design
• Assess increase of emission due to
signalization
 Emission estimation methods

• Continuous emission monitor

• Source testing
• Material Balance
• Emission Factors
• Fuel Analysis’
• Emission Estimation models
• Engineering judgment
 Important parameters

• Geographic distribution of vehicles by vehicle type

• Time distribution of vehicles
• Relevant emission factors

Relationship

• Emissions (g) =Emissions Factor (g/km)*Vehicle kilometers traveled

(km)
Data used for prepare the Inventory

• Travel Demand model (TRANSPLAN)

• Manual Classified Count Data (MCC)

• Vehicle Registration Statistics

• Vehicle Emission Factors

 “Transplan”
• Average vehicle flow estimates by road
links

• Estimation based on Traffic demand

estimation model
• Calibrated using traffic flow counts at
selected locations
• Information on origin – destination surveys

• Socio – economic data by Divisional

Secretariat Division level
 Transplan data
Socio-Economic data base
DSNO, DS name
Area, population,
vehikm

,
Vehicle Distribution
with vehicle type MCC data
DSNO,
Motorbike
Three wheeler
Passn. Car
Utility, etc
Vehicle kilometer distribution with
,
vehicle type

DSNO, Vehicle distribution MCC data

Motorbike with time
Three wheeler
Passn. Car
Utility, etc Vehicle kilometers
traveled
,

Vehicle Registration Vehicle kilometers traveled

Statistics With fuel type

Percentages of Amounts of Emission factors

Diesel & Petrol CO,NOx,SOx,CO2,PM,
vehicles registered HC emissions (g/km)
,
, Emissions
 Vehicle Classification with time

Multi Axle Medium

Motor Utility Light Goods Mini Large
Time 3wheeler% Car% Goods Goods
Cycle% % Vehicle% Bus% Bus%
Vehicle% Vehicle%

0.00-1.00 0.60 0.98 0.59 0.66 1.40 1.10 0.56 0.62 0.69

1.23 1.45 1.27 1.31 1.69 0.94 1.09 1.10 1.26

1.00-2.00

2.00-3.00 1.86 1.91 1.96 1.96 1.97 0.79 1.62 1.59 1.84

3.00-4.00 2.49 2.38 2.64 2.61 2.26 0.63 2.15 2.08 2.41

3.13 2.84 3.32 3.27 2.54 0.47 2.68 2.57 2.99

4.00-5.00

3.76 3.31 4.00 3.91 2.83 0.31 3.21 3.06 3.56

5.00-6.00

4.39 3.77 4.68 4.57 3.11 0.16 3.74 3.54 4.14

6.00-7.00

8.36 8.62 10.85 10.32 4.84 0.00 7.68 6.55 6.86

7.00-8.00

10.49 8.89 12.43 6.96 2.64 0.00 8.10 9.41 5.85

8.00-9.00
6.78 7.77 7.07 6.47 6.59 0.00 5.48 7.67 9.36
9.00-10.00
6.55 7.20 5.36 6.41 9.67 13.99 6.24 6.04 6.86
10.00-11.00
11.00-12.00 7.82 5.97 5.76 7.05 9.23 6.99 6.49 6.34 6.52

12.00-13.00 7.05 7.80 5.56 7.60 8.35 6.99 5.74 6.96 9.36
 Vehicle distribution with time- 24 hr
14
percentage of vehicle

12

10 Motor Cycle%
3wheeler%
8 Car/saloon%
Utility (Pickup/Jeep/Van)%
6 Mini Bus%
Large Bus%
4 Medium Goods Veh%

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Time
 Emission Factors used in Sri Lanka(g/km)
CO CO2 NO x HC CH 4 NMV PM Pb SO x N2O
Vehicle Type
Cars Diesel 1.50 275 2.20 0.75 0.01 0.25 0.40 1.20 0.014
Cars Petrol 32.50 200 1.40 4.20 0.07 4.16 0.10 0.04 <.1 0.003
Cars Gas 0.50 175 1.10 0.10 <.01 <.01
Van Diesel 1.80 400 3.00 2.00 0.80 1.7
Vans Petrol 45.00 285 2.50 6.00 <.1 0.06 <.1
Motor cycle Petrol 26.00 60 0.25 2.50 0.11 6.74 0.10 0.01 <.01 0.001

Land vehicle Diesel 0.73 113 0.67 0.27 0.33

Taxi(3-Wheeler Petrol) 30.00 130 0.65 4.30 0.30 0.02 <.01
Medium Bus Diesel 8.93 788 10.63 0.06 2.02 0.032
Bus Diesel 2.50 800 5.70 3.70 0.06 2.02 1.50 3.70 0.032
Lorry/Truck Diesel 2.50 800 5.70 3.70 0.05 1.62 1.50 3.7 0.026
Lorry Petrol 45.00 285 2.50 6.00 <.10 <.10
 CO emissions along links (Diesel vehicles)

Light Heavy medium

goods Goods goods
DSNO Link No Time car utility vehicle vehicle Minibus large bus vehicle
110100 M008-050 7.00-8.00 13.49 24.46 1.07 0.07 21.90 28.82 21.68
110100 A202-032 7.00-8.00 4.77 8.66 0.38 0.03 7.75 10.20 7.68
110100 A004-140 7.00-8.00 14.36 26.03 1.14 0.08 23.31 30.68 23.08
110100 M016-010 7.00-8.00 7.71 13.98 0.61 0.04 12.52 16.48 12.40
110100 A004-150 7.00-8.00 35.34 64.09 2.79 0.20 57.40 75.54 56.82
110100 M030-010 7.00-8.00 3.09 5.61 0.24 0.02 5.02 6.61 4.97
110100 M029-020 7.00-8.00 1.76 3.20 0.14 0.01 2.86 3.77 2.83
110100 M023-010 7.00-8.00 2.51 4.55 0.20 0.01 4.07 5.36 4.03
110100 M008-070 7.00-8.00 6.49 11.76 0.51 0.04 10.53 13.86 10.43
110100 A004-130 7.00-8.00 13.49 24.47 1.07 0.07 21.91 28.84 21.69
110100 M008-060 7.00-8.00 10.98 19.91 0.87 0.06 17.83 23.47 17.65
110100 A004-120 7.00-8.00 16.53 29.98 1.31 0.09 26.84 35.33 26.58
110100 A202-010 7.00-8.00 27.79 50.40 2.20 0.15 45.14 59.40 44.68
110100 A002-050 7.00-8.00 35.90 65.09 2.84 0.20 58.29 76.72 57.71
110100 M044-020 7.00-8.00 2.23 4.04 0.18 0.01 3.62 4.76 3.58
110100 M031-010 7.00-8.00 2.30 4.16 0.18 0.01 3.73 4.91 3.69
110100 A002-070 7.00-8.00 68.81 124.78 5.44 0.38 111.74 147.06 110.62
 Total emissions within DSD
Sum of Sum Of Sum Of
Light Heavy Medium
Sum Of Goods goods Sum Of Sum Of Goods Sum Of
DSNO Time Sum Of car utility vehicle vehicle Minibus large bus vehicle Tractors

110100 0.00-1.00 373.42 2268.71 387.35 84.17 772.05 1157.00 2573.86 25.76
110100 1.00-2.00 779.71 2926.63 390.45 76.71 1535.28 1988.93 3614.45 22.15
110100 10.00-11.00 2277.83 15853.67 1817.86 572.62 8130.26 10216.80 22210.44 485.47
110100 11.00-12.00 2674.77 15142.92 1194.93 572.62 8130.26 9968.74 25682.54 242.65
110100 12.00-13.00 2711.41 15419.32 779.64 859.88 8466.78 8371.88 19840.59 0.00
110100 13.00-14.00 3774.00 12694.78 1870.75 680.46 7699.52 7255.63 15486.68 0.00
110100 14.00-15.00 3578.58 12181.46 1559.28 1146.19 6151.54 9100.55 14935.55 80.82
110100 15.00-16.00 3224.38 9989.98 1247.82 429.46 7914.89 9472.63 19675.25 0.00
110100 16.00-17.00 2906.83 14530.88 1870.75 823.61 8237.95 8992.02 14935.55 0.00
110100 17.00-18.00 2632.03 10068.95 1040.17 788.30 7914.89 8123.83 15844.91 242.65
110100 18.00-19.00 1887.00 7976.19 364.35 859.88 6380.37 6775.02 8570.03 80.82
110100 19.00-20.00 812.57 4117.70 308.33 623.51 3082.02 2927.97 6918.54 98.41
110100 2.00-3.00 1183.00 3573.21 393.55 69.26 2298.50 2820.87 4655.01 18.29
110100 20.00-21.00 702.03 3652.62 328.47 488.68 2504.53 2485.23 5832.37 80.12
110100 21.00-22.00 594.49 3198.87 347.06 353.84 1927.04 2042.48 4746.20 62.08
110100 22.00-23.00 483.96 2733.79 367.21 219.00 1349.54 1599.74 3660.03 43.79
110100 23.00-24.00 373.42 2268.71 387.35 84.17 772.05 1157.00 2573.86 25.76
110100 3.00-4.00 1589.29 4231.14 396.64 61.80 3061.73 3652.80 5695.59 14.68
110100 4.00-5.00 1995.57 4877.72 401.29 54.35 3824.96 4484.74 6736.15 11.08
110100 5.00-6.00 2401.86 5535.64 404.39 46.89 4588.19 5316.68 7776.74 7.47
110100 6.00-7.00 2805.15 6182.22 407.49 39.44 5351.41 6148.61 8817.30 3.61
110100 7.00-8.00 6564.80 11905.06 519.11 36.27 10660.87 14030.65 10554.09 0.00
110100 8.00-9.00 9117.44 13050.15 1194.93 143.15 11872.34 15379.46 18380.10 80.82
 Vehicle Distribution by vehicle type -year 2004
1%
1%
0%
0%
0%
8%
Motor cycles
10%
37% Motor cars
1% Motor Tricycle
Buses-Hiring
Dual purpose vehicles
Lorry-Proper
Lorry-Tractors
Lorry-Trailers
Ambulances
Land Vehicles-Tractors
26%
Land Vehicles-Trailers
16%
Total NOx emissions from utility at 7-8 a.m.
Emission distribution along the links