UNIVERSIDAD

TECNOLGICA DEL VALLE

DEL MEZQUITAL
PRCTICA DE LM35
Termodinmica
Ing. Romn Bravo
Unidad 1
3E
Ana Marlene Lpez Quiroz
Carlos Alberto Marcos Tesmayez
Brian Arturo Monroy Torrez

Prctica con LM35

T.S.U. Mecatrnica

27 de mayo de 2016

Abstract
LM35 is a temperature sensor accurately calibrated 1 C and manufactured by
National Semiconductor, this sensor has an output proportional to temperature that
is in the case of Arduino use linear voltage, this voltage varies between 0 V and 5
V, since the sensor is fed 5V. The LM35 does not require any external calibration or
"cut" to provide data accurately, however, to be read by Arduino requires
conversion, because the Arduino reads only integer values between 0 and 1023.
So knowing that this sensor has a resolution 10 mV for 1 C can derive an
expression for the temperature to read value.
The temperature has been and is one of the most important physical quantities in
the history of man. Generally, we relate temperature measurement for industrial
processes, in which the measuring ranges can range from -40 C to 600 C or
more. In these applications, the temperature measurement is performed by means
of thermocouples or PT-100, which consist of one or more metals subjected to a
temperature generate a potential difference between its terminals.

Resumen.
El LM35 es un sensor de temperatura con precisin calibrada de 1C y fabricado
por National Semiconductor, este sensor tiene una salida de tensin lineal
proporcional a la temperatura que se encuentra en el caso de uso Arduino, esta
tensin vara entre 0 V y 5 V, ya que el sensor est alimentado 5V. El LM35 no
requiere ninguna calibracin externa o "recorte" para proporcionar los datos con
precisin, sin embargo, para ser ledo por Arduino requiere conversin, debido a
que el Arduino lee slo valores enteros entre 0 y 1023. Por lo que conocer que
este sensor tiene una resolucin 10 mV por 1 C se puede deducir una expresin
para la temperatura al valor ledo.
La temperatura ha sido y es una de las magnitudes fsicas ms importantes en la
historia del hombre. Generalmente relacionamos la medicin de temperatura con
procesos industriales, en los cuales los rangos a medir pueden ir desde los -40C
a los 600C, o ms. En estas aplicaciones, la medicin de la temperatura se
realiza por medio de termocuplas o PT-100, los cuales estn constituidos por uno
o ms metales que sometidos a una temperatura generan una diferencia de
potencial entre sus terminales.

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Contenido
Abstract......................................................................................................................1
Resumen....................................................................................................................2
La Temperatura En La Actualidad...........................................................................4
Objetivo...................................................................................................................5
Justificacin.............................................................................................................5
Resumen capitular..................................................................................................5
Captulo 1...................................................................................................................6
Un Poco De La Historia De La Medicin De Temperatura........................................7
Captulo 1...................................................................................................................8
Marco terico..........................................................................................................9
LM35....................................................................................................................9
Sensor..................................................................................................................9
Temperatura.........................................................................................................9
Grados Celsius.....................................................................................................9
Voltaje:.................................................................................................................9
Tensin:................................................................................................................9
Impedancia........................................................................................................10
Medicin.............................................................................................................10
Fuente de alimentacin:....................................................................................10
Transferencia de calor........................................................................................10
Ley Cero de la Termodinmica...........................................................................10
Captulo 3.................................................................................................................11
Desarrollo Experimental........................................................................................12
Preparacin........................................................................................................12
Experimentacin................................................................................................12
Conclusiones............................................................................................................13
Referencias...............................................................................................................14

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La Temperatura En La Actualidad
La creacin de las diversas escalas trajo la necesidad de definicin de las
curvas de los sensores y sus puntos de calibracin. Esto se logr mediante las
reuniones realizadas entre 1889 hasta el presente, cuando finalmente se lleg a la
ITS-90 (International Temperature Scale). Actualmente las escalas ms utilizadas
son Celsius, Fahrenheit y Kelvin.

Ventajas

RTD

Termistor

Termopar

Circuito integrado

Muy estable

Muy preciso

Autoalimentado

Muy lineal

Muy preciso Rpido

Rpido

Robusto

Alto rendimiento

Ms lineal
termopares

Inconvenientes

que

los

Econmico
Medida de hilos

Amplia
variedad

gama

Econmico

Caro

No lineal

No lineal

Limitado en temperatura

Tamao elevado

Rango de temperaturas
limitado

Baja tensin

Configuraciones limitadas

Precisa
fuente
alimentacin

Precisa referencia

Precisa
fuente
alimentacin

Precisa
fuente
alimentacin

de

Cambios
de resistencia
Ilustracin 1. Comparacin
entre
escalas de temperaturapequeos

Frgil

de

Poco estable
Autocalentable

Autocalentable
Autocalentable

Poco sensible

Medida de cuatro hilos

Tabla 1. Ventajas e inconvenientes de los distintos tipos de sensores de temperatura.

En la actualidad la medicin de temperatura, dependiendo de qu es lo que se va

a medir, se utilizan los sensores esto debido a que son ms precisos y ocupan un
menor espacio en el diseo de algn sistema. Dentro de los sensores utilizados
para la medicin de temperatura tenemos el RTD, el termopar, el termistor, y el
circuito integrado. En la siguiente tabla se muestran las ventajas y desventajas de
los diferentes tipos de sensores de temperatura.

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de

Objetivo
Demostrar la existencia de la ley cero de la termodinmica mediante la medicin
de temperatura de un recipiente con agua caliente durante diversos intervalos de
tiempo

Justificacin.
Lo que se va hacer es una prctica en la cual se usara un LM35 para medir la
temperatura con un vaso con agua caliente, as de simple, para medirla
utilizaremos un multmetro y para encender el LM35 una batera o un cargador.
Esto se va hacer porque los integrantes del equipo no han trabajado con este
componente (sensor), al menos con esta prctica se tendr una pequea
introduccin al uso de un LM35, Adems para que el alumno aprenda a utilizarlo
en prcticas futuras que lleve este componente y conozca sus aplicaciones en la
industria o en el medio laboral.
Para hacer este proyecto necesitaremos de ciertos materiales y equipo, ya con
ellos podremos realizar a prctica, primero en base al Datasheet del LM35 lo
conectaremos a la batera o el cargador para poder alimentarlo y como este tiene
una salida haremos uso del agua caliente y por ultimo con ayuda del multmetro
podremos medir la temperatura

Resumen capitular
Se dan a conocer los antecedentes de la medicin de temperatura, La formulacin
de la ley cero y cmo se desarrolla a lo largo del tiempo. Se incluye la creacin por
parte de Celsius y Kelvin de otros sistemas de medicin. En el segundo captulo
se dan a conocer los conceptos que son de importancia para la comprensin de la
prctica, tambin se enuncia la ley cero de la termodinmica que se aplica. Se
muestra el proceso de experimentacin con el componente mencionado,
realizando las medicines correspondientes en voltaje para calcular la temperatura
a la que se expuso el dispositivo.

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Captulo 1

Una hojeada a travs de la historia

Se dan a conocer los antecedentes de la medicin de temperatura, La

formulacin de la ley cero y cmo se desarrolla a lo largo del tiempo. Se
incluye la creacin por parte de Celsius y Kelvin de otros sistemas de
medicin.

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Un Poco De La Historia De La Medicin De

Temperatura.
La Ley Cero fue formulada por Ralph H. Fowler en 1931. Su aceptacin, aunque
tarda, sirvi para entender las otras tres leyes termodinmicas. La temperatura es
la propiedad que determina si un sistema dado est en equilibrio trmico con otros
sistemas. Es una de las siete propiedades fsicas bsicas en funcin de las cuales
se definen todas las otras cantidades fsicas. Los primeros termmetros fueron
creados con fines clnicos y meteorolgicos, para medir cambios de temperatura
en el cuerpo humano y en el aire, siendo el ms famoso termoscopio (termmetro
sin escala) el inventado por Galileo (1564-1642) en 1592. Gabriel Fahrenheit ide
su escala de temperatura en 1724 y Anders Celsius en 1742 defini como 100
grados el punto de ebullicin del agua y como 0 grados el punto de congelacin. A
mediados del siglo XIX Lord Kelvin desarroll una escala en la que el punto cero
es equivalente a -273.15C en el que el movimiento trmico cesa segn la
descripcin clsica de la termodinmica.

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Captulo 1

Conceptos a entender

En este captulo se dan a conocer los conceptos que son de importancia

para la comprensin de la prctica, tambin se enuncia la ley cero de la
termodinmica que se aplica.

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Marco terico.
LM35:

Es un sensor de temperatura con una precisin calibrada de 1 C. Su

rango de medicin abarca desde -55 C hasta 150 C. La salida es lineal y cada
grado Celsius equivale a 10 mV, por lo tanto:
150 C = 1500 mV
-55 C = -550 mV

Sensor:

Es un objeto capaz de detectar magnitudes fsicas o qumicas,

llamadas variables de instrumentacin, y transformarlas en variables elctricas.

Las variables de instrumentacin pueden ser, por ejemplo: intensidad lumnica,
temperatura, distancia, aceleracin, inclinacin, presin, desplazamiento, fuerza,
torsin, humedad, movimiento, pH, etc.

Temperatura: Es

una magnitud referida

las

nociones

comunes

de calor medible mediante un termmetro. En fsica, se define como

una dimensin escalar relacionada con la energa interna de un sistema
termodinmico, definida por el principio cero de la termodinmica. Ms
especficamente, est relacionada directamente con la parte de la energa interna
conocida como energa cintica, que es la energa asociada a los movimientos
de las partculas del sistema, sea en un sentido traslacional, rotacional, o en forma
de vibraciones.

Grados Celsius: Es la unidad termomtrica cuyo 0 se ubica 0,01 grados por

debajo del punto triple del agua y su intensidad calrica equivale a la del kelvin.
El grado Celsius pertenece al Sistema Internacional de Unidades, con carcter de
unidad accesoria, a diferencia del kelvin, que es la unidad bsica de temperatura
en dicho sistema.

Voltaje:

El Voltaje o la diferencia potencial elctrica es una comparacin de

la energa que experimenta una carga entre dos ubicaciones.

Tensin:

Es una magnitud fsica que cuantifica la diferencia de potencial

elctrico entre dos puntos. Tambin se puede definir como el trabajo por unidad de
carga ejercido por el campo elctrico sobre una partcula cargada para moverla

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entre dos posiciones determinadas. Se puede medir con un voltmetro. Su unidad

de medida es el voltio.

Impedancia:

La impedancia es una medida de oposicin que presenta un

circuito a una corriente cuando se aplica una tensin.

Medicin:

Es un proceso bsico de la ciencia que consiste en comparar un

patrn seleccionado con el objeto o fenmeno cuya magnitud fsica se desea

medir para ver cuntas veces el patrn est contenido en esa magnitud

Fuente de alimentacin:

Es el dispositivo que convierte la corriente

alterna, en una o varias corrientes continuas, que alimentan los distintos circuitos
del aparato electrnico al que se conecta.

Transferencia de calor: El calor tiende a pasar desde los puntos en los

que la temperatura es alta hacia aquellos en los que es inferior. De acuerdo con
los materiales en los cuales se est realizando la transferencia de calor se tienen
diferentes procesos como son:

Conduccin:

Cuando la transferencia de calor se realiza a travs de

slidos o fluidos que no estn en movimiento

Conveccin:

Cuando la transferencia se realiza a travs de fluidos en

movimiento.

Radiacin:

Cuando el calor es transferido de un cuerpo a otro sin

soporte material alguno.

Ley Cero de la Termodinmica:

Principio de generalizacin del

equilibrio trmico entre cuerpos en contacto. Esta ley se usa para comparar la
temperatura de dos o ms sistemas por el uso comn del termmetro. La ley
establece: "cuando dos sistemas o cuerpos estn por separado en equilibrio con
un tercer sistema, entonces los dos sistemas tambin estn en equilibrio uno con
el otro" (Abraham Tamir). Una proposicin equivalente de la ley dice: Si la energa
calorfica del material 1 es igual a la energa calorfica del material 3, y la de 2 es
igual a la energa calorfica del material 3, entonces las de 1 y 2 deben ser
tambin iguales".

10

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Captulo 3

Desarrollo experimental

Se muestra el proceso de experimentacin con el componente mencionado,

realizando las medicines correspondientes en voltaje para calcular la
temperatura a la que se expuso el dispositivo.

11

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Desarrollo Experimental
-LM35 (Con su Datasheet)
-Trozos de cable
-Tablilla de experimentacin
-Cable USB
-Multmetro
-Vaso con agua caliente

Preparacin
El proceso comienza desde la preparacin del cable USB para la adaptacin hacia
la tablilla de experimentacin. Se identificaron las terminales del LM35 con ayuda
de su Datasheet, posteriormente, en cada terminal se le aadi cable para facilitar
la conexin del componente a la tablilla de experimentacin. Se realizaron las
conexiones correspondientes de la fuente de alimentacin (Cable USB) y el LM35.

Experimentacin
Se sumergi el componente en el agua caliente cuidando de no hacerlo
demasiado para evitar un posible corto-circuito o arruinar el componente. Se
realizaron mediciones en intervalos de 1 minuto consiguiendo los siguientes
resultados.
Tiempo

Voltaje

Temperatura

1 minuto

2.54V

25.4

2 minutos

2.64V

26.4

3 minutos

2.64V

26.4

4 minutos

2.68V

26.8

5 minutos

2.70V

27.0

La temperatura se determin sabiendo que el LM35 mide 1 por cada mV, as con
el voltaje que el multmetro meda en la terminal de salida del componente se
calculaba la temperatura a la que se expuso.

12

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Conclusiones
Se comprob el funcionamiento del LM35 exponindolo a la temperatura de un
vaso con agua caliente (20C-30C) con respecto a una variacin de 1 minuto. Se
observ el comportamiento del componente para que se hicieran posibles las
lecturas realizadas. Se debatieron varios usos que se le pueden dar al
componente y la posibilidad de implementarlo en la materia integradora. Con una
discusin sobre su eficacia se concluy que el dispositivo cumple con su principal
tarea.

13

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Referencias

14

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Anexos

15

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Datasheet

LM35

LM35 Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors

16

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Literature Number: SNIS159B

November 2000

LM35
Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors
General Description

aged in hermetic TO-46 transistor packages, while the

LM35C, LM35CA, and LM35D are also available in the The

LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature plastic TO-92 transistor package. The LM35D is also
availsensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the able in an 8-lead surface mount small outline package
and a Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an plastic TO-220 package. advantage over linear
temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large

Features

constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external n Calibrated directly in Celsius (Centigrade)
calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of 14C n Linear + 10.0 mV/C scale factor at room
temperature and 34C over a full 55 to +150C n 0.5C accuracy guaranteeable (at +25C) temperature
range. Low cost is assured by trimming and n Rated for full 55 to +150C range calibration at the wafer
level. The LM35s low output imped- n Suitable for remote applications ance, linear output, and precise
inherent calibration make n Low cost due to wafer-level trimming
interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. It n Operates from 4 to 30 volts
can be used with single power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. As it draws only 60 A from its
supply, it has

n Less than 60 A current drain

very low self-heating, less than 0.1C in still air. The LM35 is n Low

self-heating, 0.08C in still air rated to operate over a 55 to +150C temperature range, n Nonlinearity only

14C typical while the LM35C is rated for a 40 to +110C range (10 n Low impedance output, 0.1 for 1
mA load with improved accuracy). The LM35 series is available pack-

17

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LM35

Typical Applications

DS005516-4

Choose R1 = VS/50 A

DS005516-3

LM35PrecisionCentigradeTemperatureSensors
V

FIGURE 1. Basic Centigrade Temperature Sensor

(+2C to +150C)

OUT

=+1,500 mV at +150C

= +250 mV at +25C
= 550 mV at 55C

FIGURE 2. Full-Range Centigrade Temperature Sensor

2000 National Semiconductor Corporation

DS005516

Connection
Diagrams

DS005516-2

Order Number LM35CZ, LM35CAZ or

LM35DZ See NS Package Number Z03A

SO-8 Small Outline

Molded Package

TO-46
Metal Can Package*

DS005516-21

DS005516-1

N.C. = No Connection

*Case is connected to negative pin (GND)

Top View Order Number LM35DM See NS

Package Number M08A

Order Number LM35H, LM35AH, LM35CH, LM35CAH

or LM35DH See NS Package Number H03H

TO-92 Plastic Package

18

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TO-220 Plastic Package*

DS005516-24

*Tab is connected to the negative pin (GND).

Note:

The LM35DT pinout is different than the discontinued LM35DP.

Order Number LM35DT

See NS Package
Number TA03F

Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 10)

TO-92 and TO-220 Package,

(Soldering, 10 seconds)

260C

If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,

SO Package (Note 12)

please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/

Distributors for availability and specifications.

Supply Voltage

Vapor Phase (60 seconds)

215C

Infrared (15 seconds)

220C

+35V to 0.2V
ESD Susceptibility (Note 11)

Output Voltage

2500V

+6V to 1.0V
Specified Operating Temperature Range: TMIN to T MAX

Output Current

10 mA

(Note 2)

Storage Temp.;

LM35, LM35A

55C to +150C
40C to +110C

TO-46 Package,

60C to +180C

LM35C, LM35CA

TO-92 Package,

60C to +150C

LM35D

SO-8 Package,

65C to +150C

TO-220 Package,

65C to +150C

0C to +100C

Lead Temp.:
TO-46 Package,
(Soldering, 10 seconds)

300C

Electrical Characteristics
(Notes 1, 6)
LM35A
Parameter

Conditions

LM35CA

Tested

Design

Tested

Units
Design

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Typical

Limit

Limit

(Note 4)

(Note 5)

Typical

Limit

Limit

(Note 4)

(Note 5)

(Max.)

Accuracy

T A=+25C

0.2

(Note 7)

T A=10C

0.3

T A=TMAX

0.4

1.0

0.4

T A=TMIN

0.4

1.0

0.4

1.5

T MINTATMAX

0.18

0.15

0.3

T MINTATMAX

+10.0

+10.0

+9.9,

mV/C

Nonlinearity

0.5

0.2
0.3

0.35

0.5
1.0

C
C

1.0

(Note 8)
Sensor Gain
(Average Slope)

+9.9,
+10.1

Load Regulation

T A=+25C

0.4

(Note 3) 0IL1 mA

T MINTATMAX

0.5

Line Regulation

T A=+25C

0.01

(Note 3)

4VV S30V

0.02

Quiescent Current

V S=+5V, +25C

56

(Note 9)

V S=+5V

105

V S=+30V, +25C

56.2

V S=+30V

105.5

+10.1

1.0

0.4
3.0

0.05

0.5
0.01

0.1
67
131
68

0.1
67

mV/V
A

114
68

91.5

mV/mA
mV/V

0.05

91
56.2

133

3.0

0.02
56

mV/mA

1.0

A
A

116

Change of

4VVS30V,
+25C

0.2

Quiescent Current

4VV S30V

0.5

2.0

0.5

2.0

+0.39

+0.5

+0.39

+0.5

A/C

+1.5

+2.0

+1.5

+2.0

1.0

0.2

1.0

(Note 3)
Temperature
Coefficient of
Quiescent Current
Minimum Temperature

In circuit of

for Rated Accuracy

Figure1, IL=0

Long Term Stability

T J=TMAX, for

0.08

0.08

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1000 hours

Electrical Characteristics
(Notes 1, 6)
LM35
Parameter

Conditions
Typical

Accuracy,

T A=+25C

0.4

LM35, LM35C

T A=10C

0.5

(Note 7)

T A=TMAX

0.8

T A=TMIN

0.8

Accuracy, LM35D
(Note 7)

Nonlinearity

LM35C, LM35D

Tested

Design

Limit

Limit

(Note 4)

(Note 5)

1.0

Typical

0.4

1.5
1.5

Units

Tested

Design

Limit

Limit

(Note 4)

(Note 5)

(Max.)

1.0

0.5

1.5

0.8

1.5

0.8

2.0

T A=+25C

0.6

TA=TMAX

0.9

2.0

TA=TMIN

0.9

2.0

0.2

0.5

+10.0

+9.8,

mV/C

T MINTATMAX

0.3

T MINTATMAX

+10.0

0.5

1.5

C
C

(Note 8)
Sensor Gain

+9.8,

(Average Slope)

+10.2

Load Regulation

T A=+25C

0.4

(Note 3) 0IL1 mA

T MINTATMAX

0.5

Line Regulation

T A=+25C

0.01

(Note 3)

4VV S30V

0.02

Quiescent Current

V S=+5V, +25C

56

(Note 9)

V S=+5V

105

+10.2

2.0

0.4
5.0

0.1
0.2
80

5.0

91

mV/mA
mV/V

0.1

0.02
56

158

0.5
0.01

mV/mA

2.0

0.2
80

mV/V
A

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V S=+30V, +25C

56.2

V S=+30V

105.5

82

56.2
161

82

91.5

A
141

Change of

4VVS30V, +25C

0.2

Quiescent Current

4VV S30V

0.5

3.0

0.5

3.0

+0.39

+0.7

+0.39

+0.7

A/C

+1.5

+2.0

+1.5

+2.0

2.0

0.2

2.0

(Note 3)
Temperature
Coefficient of
Quiescent Current
Minimum Temperature

In circuit of

for Rated Accuracy

Figure1, IL=0

Long Term Stability

T J=TMAX, for

0.08

0.08

1000 hours
Note 1: Unless otherwise noted, these specifications apply: 55CTJ+150C for the LM35 and LM35A; 40TJ+110C for the LM35C and
LM35CA; and 0TJ+100C for the LM35D. VS=+5Vdc and ILOAD=50 A, in the circuit of Figure2. These specifications also apply from +2C to T MAX in
the circuit of Figure1. Specifications in boldface apply over the full rated temperature range.
Note 2: Thermal resistance of the TO-46 package is 400C/W, junction to ambient, and 24C/W junction to case. Thermal resistance of the TO-92
package is 180C/W junction to ambient. Thermal resistance of the small outline molded package is 220C/W junction to ambient. Thermal resistance of
the TO-220 package is 90C/W junction to ambient. For additional thermal resistance information see table in the Applications section.
Note 3: Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature, using pulse testing with a low duty cycle. Changes in output due to heating effects can
be computed by multiplying the internal dissipation by the thermal resistance.
Note 4: Tested Limits are guaranteed and 100% tested in production.
Note 5: Design Limits are guaranteed (but not 100% production tested) over the indicated temperature and supply voltage ranges. These limits are not
used to calculate outgoing quality levels.
Note 6: Specifications in boldface apply over the full rated temperature range.
Note 7: Accuracy is defined as the error between the output voltage and 10mv/C times the devices case temperature, at specified conditions of voltage,
current, and temperature (expressed in C).
Note 8: Nonlinearity is defined as the deviation of the output-voltage-versus-temperature curve from the best-fit straight line, over the devices rated
temperature range.
Note 9: Quiescent current is defined in the circuit of Figure1.
Note 10: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. DC and AC electrical specifications do not apply
when operating the device beyond its rated operating conditions. See Note 1.
Note 11: Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 k resistor.
Note 12: See AN-450 Surface Mounting Methods and Their Effect on Product Reliability or the section titled Surface Mount found in a current National
Semiconductor Linear Data Book for other methods of soldering surface mount devices.

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TypicalPerformanceCharacteristics
ThermalResistance
JunctiontoAir

ThermalResponse
inStillAir

DS005516-25

DS005516-27

ThermalResponsein
StirredOilBath

QuiescentCurrent
vs.Temperature
( InCircuitofFigure1
.)

DS005516-28
DS005516-30

QuiescentCurrent
vs.Temperature
( InCircuitofFigure2
.)

Accuracyvs.Temperature
( Guaranteed
)

DS005516-32

DS005516-33

DS005516-31

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Thermal Time Constant

DS005516-26

Minimum Supply Voltage vs. Temperature

DS005516-29

Accuracy vs. Temperature (Guaranteed)

Typical Performance Characteristics

Noise

Voltage

Start-Up

Response

DS005516-34

Applications
The LM35 can be applied easily in the same way as other
integrated-circuit temperature sensors. It can be glued or
cemented to a surface and its temperature will be within
about 0.01C of the surface temperature.
This presumes that the ambient air temperature is almost
the same as the surface temperature; if the air temperature
were much higher or lower than the surface temperature,
the actual temperature of the LM35 die would be at an
intermediate
between
the soldered
surfacetotemperature
*Wakefield
type 201,temperature
or 1" disc of 0.020"
sheet brass,
case, or similar.
and theTO-46,
air temperature.
This is expecially
true TO-92**,
for the TO- SO-8
TO-46*,
TO-92,
92 plastic package, where the copper leads are the
principal thermal
path tosmall
carry
itsfin
no heat
heatheat
fin into
no the
heat device,
smallso
heat
sink be closer to the air temperature
sink
temperature might
than to
the surface temperature.
Still air
400C/W
100C/W
180C/W
140C/W

(Continued)

DS005516-35

The TO-46 metal package can also be soldered to a metal

surface or pipe without damage. Of course, in that case the
V terminal of the circuit will be grounded to that metal.
Alternatively, the LM35 can be mounted inside a sealedend metal tube, and can then be dipped into a bath or
screwed into a threaded hole in a tank. As with any IC, the
LM35 and accompanying wiring and circuits must be kept
insulated and dry, to avoid leakage and corrosion. This is
especially true if the circuit may operate at cold
temperatures where condensation can occur. Printedcircuit coatings and varnishes JA
such as Humiseal and epoxy
paints or dips are often used to insure that moisture cannot
corrodeSO-8**
the LM35TO-220
or its connections.
**TO-92 and

Temperature Rise of LM35 Due To Selfheating (Thermal Resistance, )

To minimize this problem, be sure that the wiring to the

100C/W
40C/W
90C/W
70C/W
LM35, as it leaves the device, is held at the same
Still oil
100C/W
temperature as
the surface40C/W
of interest. 90C/W
The easiest 70C/W
way to
do this is to cover up these wires with a bead 8of epoxy
Stirred oil
50C/W
30C/W
45C/W
40C/W
which will insure that the leads and wires are all at the
(Clamped to metal,
same temperature as the surface, and that the LM35 dies
Infinite heat sink)
(24C/W)
temperature will not be affected by the air temperature.
Moving air

SO-8

These devices are sometimes soldered packages

to a small lightsmall heat fin
no heat
weight
heat
fin,
to
decrease
the
thermal
time
constant and
sink
sink
speed up the response in slowly-moving air. On the other
220C/W
110C/W
90C/W
hand, a small thermal mass may be added to the sensor,
105C/W
90C/W
26C/W
to give the steadiest reading
despite small deviations in the
air temperature.
no heat

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(55C/W)

glued and leads soldered to 1" square of 1/16" printed circuit board
with 2 oz. foil or similar.

Typical Applications
DS005516-6

FIGURE6.Two-WireRemoteTemperatureSensor
( OutputReferredtoGround
)
DS005516-19

FIGURE 3. LM35 with Decoupling from Capacitive Load

DS005516-20

FIGURE 4. LM35 with R-C Damper

CAPACITIVE LOADS
Like most micropower circuits, the LM35 has a limited ability to
drive heavy capacitive loads. The LM35 by itself is able to drive
50 pf without special precautions. If heavier loads are
anticipated, it is easy to isolate or decouple the load with a
resistor; see Figure3. Or you can improve the tolerance of
capacitance with a series R-C damper from output to ground;
see Figure4.

DS005516-7

FIGURE7.TemperatureSensor,SingleSupply,55to
+150
C

When the LM35 is applied with a 200 load resistor as shown in

Figure5, Figure6or Figure8it is relatively immune to wiring
capacitance because the capacitance forms a bypass from
ground to input, not on the output. However, as with any linear
circuit connected to wires in a hostile environment, its
performance can be affected adversely by intense
electromagnetic sources such as relays, radio transmitters,
motors with arcing brushes, SCR transients, etc, as its wiring
can act
as
a
DS005516-8

FIGURE8.Two-WireRemoteTemperatureSensor
( OutputReferredtoGround
)

DS005516-9

FIGURE9.4-To-20mACurrentSource(0Cto+100C)
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receiving antenna and its internal junctions can act as rectifiers. For best results in such cases, a bypass capacitor from V IN to
ground and a series R-C damper such as 75 in series with 0.2 or 1 F from output to ground are often useful. These are shown
in Figure 13, Figure14, and Figure16.

10

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LM35
DS005516-5

FIGURE 5. Two-Wire Remote Temperature Sensor (Grounded Sensor)

Typical Applications
(Continued)

DS005516-10

FIGURE 10. Fahrenheit Thermometer

DS005516-11

FIGURE 11. Centigrade

Thermometer (Analog
Meter)

DS005516-12

11

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FIGURE 12. Fahrenheit

ThermometerExpanded
Scale Thermometer (50

to 80 Fahrenheit, for
Example Shown)

DS005516-13

FIGURE 13. Temperature To Digital Converter

(Serial Output) (+128C Full Scale)

DS005516-14

FIGURE 14. Temperature To Digital Converter (Parallel TRI-STATE Outputs for Standard Data Bus
to P Interface) (128C Full Scale)

12

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Typical Applications

(Continued)

DS005516-16

*=1% or 2% film resistor

Trim RB

for V

B=3.075V

Trim RC for VC=1.955V

Trim RA for VA=0.075V + 100mV/C x Tambient
Example, VA=2.275V at 22C

13

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FIGURE 15. Bar-Graph Temperature Display

(Dot Mode)

DS005516-15

FIGURE 16. LM35 With Voltage-To-Frequency Converter And Isolated Output (2C to +150C; 20
Hz to 1500 Hz)

Block

Diagram

DS005516-23

14

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Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted

TO-46 Metal Can Package (H)

Order Number LM35H, LM35AH, LM35CH,

LM35CAH, or LM35DH
NS Package Number H03H

SO-8 Molded Small Outline Package (M)

15

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Order Number LM35DM

Package Number M08A

NS

Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted

16

(Continued)

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Power Package TO-220

(T) Order Number
LM35DT NS Package
Number TA03F

17

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Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted

(Continued)

LM

TO-92 Plastic Package (Z)

Order Number LM35CZ, LM35CAZ or LM35DZ
NS Package Number Z03A

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