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225
ward frovn Cto C', A OC'=x. Finally,draw C'2w to DF; then A OMX= by (4),
and A Oiand OD are co-ordinates of points on our spiral. In the figure, AK
was taken 100, and thus AC=20;r+621 .
So accurate a construction might be used sometimes; for instance for
the time of sun-rise and sun-set especially near the poles, that is where the
spiral cuts the projected Horizon circle. For showino the form of the spiral
it can of course be muichshortened: tan-'(cos e tan Kt) may be written Kt, and
in fact, when it is noticed how very nearly parallel the spires are, manv convolutions may he interpolated without computation.

A METHODOF INTEGRATING CERTAIN DIFFERENTIAL


EQUATIONSOF THE FIRST ORDERAND N-TH DEGREE.
By RALPHH. KUNSTADTER,
Graduate
Student.YaleColloge.
The reaular
p=

solution

) as given in text-books

of the equation
on differential

ea"f (p) 4ebyf'(p)=0,

equations

(where

is performed

a,' far ear and y' for 6by.


In thq followingl demonstration,I
shall endeavor
and perhaps a natural method
which might be easily
equations consisting of two members only.

after

sub-

stituting

to give a very rational


generalized for similar

Regardingf our equation, we at once recognize it as being a trancendental and exponential


in order to solve we will bringf into logarithequiation,which
mic fornm. For this purpose, multiply e"Jlp)
+ebYf ''(p)=0...
(1) by

eaf(p)-ePYf(p)=O

and we have

e 2ax'2((p)-e2&

Applying logarithms, we have


+2 logf'(p)....

(3).

Differentiating

Or ax+logf(p)=by
this equation,

adx+w

2(p)

2).

log ee ax+ 2 logf (p)= loge2by


+log f'(p)....(4).

we have

-dy +

)P -()

Dividing by da and clearing of fractions,


f(p)f'(p)a+[?p(p)f'
dp[L(p)f'(p)-f

(p)-f(p)p'

(p)]L +bpf'(p)f(p)=O-....

(p)p'(p)]+af(p)f'(p)4-bpf'(p)f

(p)=O.

(6). Or

226
We see that the separation of b(p)dp and of d.zcan be distinctly performed and hence the solution of our problem is theoretically done. Should
the given equation be of the form eX"f(p)-ebYf'( p) =-0, we obtain the
logarithm of it without multiplying by a factor.
To illustrate our method take the equation,
e3x(p-1)+e2Yp3=0;

or e3d

_1) +e(dY a =0.

We have eBx(p-1)2-e4Y(p)B_=O.
Applyingf logarithms and dividing
by 2, 3xr?2 log(p-1)-2y-3
logp=O.
Differentiating tbis equation, we have
3dx + dp -2dy-3dP=-0
p
p+6dp=O.
3p=,

or 3p'd.v-3pd.r+pdp-2p2dy+2pdy-3pdp

Dividing through by dx, we get Lp (3-2p) +AY (2p-2p2) +3pt


4d(3_2p)-2p3+3p-5p2,

and

dp(3-2p)

=X.

It is not necessary to continuiethis as it is now to be treated in the


customary way.

Similarly,we solve. e3 (d' 1)

( )=0.

ARITHMETIC.
to this departmentshouldbesentto him.
Conduoted
by B. F. FINKEL,Kidder,Mo. ARloontributions

SOLUTIONSTOPROBLEMS.
48. Proposed
by F. P. MATZ,M.So., Ph. D., Professorof Mathematiosand Astronomyin New
Windsor
College.NewWindsor,Maryland.
Fifty thousand days preceding Thursday, March 7, 1895, was what date and
what day of the week?
I. Solutionby P. S. BERG,AppleCreek,Ohio.
Every four years previous to March 7, 1895, excepting the four years of which
1800 was one, contained 1461 days. This number is contained in 50000, 34 times
with a remainder of 326 days. Since 1800 was not a leap year the 34 periods or 136
years conducts back to March 6th 1759. 326 days further leads to April 14th 1758.

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