4.

0: Scoring and Grading

4.1 Answer
Key
1.
B
The answer
keyDis
2.
of question paper.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

25.

11.

26.

12.

27.

13.

28.

14.

29.

15.

30.

a guideline for scoring the mark

4.2 GRADING
A conventional way of grading the students marks is used for our test
construction. We use letter grade to assign students results. Since we only
have 30 questions, each question gives approximately gives 3.33 marks as
the full percentage of the test marks 100%. We decide that the passing
grades will be A, B, C and D while E is considered as fails.

SCORE

GRADE

80-100

60-79

40-59

20-39

0-19

5.0 INTREPRETING SCORE

The table below shows the list of the student mark. From the table we can
see the highest mark is 80 percent and the lowest are 43 percent.
NO
1

GRADE
A

2
3
4
5
6

B
B
B
B
B

7
8
9
10
11
12

B
B
B
B
B
B

13

14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B

22
23
24
25
26
27
28

B
C
C
C
C
C
C

STUDENTS' NAME
Muhammad Akhimulah Bin Mohd
Ismail
Muhammad Ayraf Bin Romawor
Aimi Syahirah Bt Abdul Wahid
Nurhayati Bt Kamaruddin
Khadijah Muhammad
Muhammad Yusof Bin
Mohammad
Siti Aisyah Binti Zulkefli
Mohammad Jushairy Affinuddin
Syahira Farhana Bt Ab Aziz
Siti Amirah Bt Ramli
Nursafrina Bt Zambiran
Muhammad Nur Adib B.
Yurosolan
Muhammad Affiz Shafaizal B
Ibrahim
Nuraini Binti Abdul Talib
Nur Nabiha Bt. Mohd Yusof
Muhammad Azree B. Dolmal
Mohad Razin Bin Kamaluddin
Nur Atiqah Razif
Amira Surfeena Bt Mansur
Muhammad Nur Aiman Bin Adam
Ahmad Hafizu Bin Ahmad
Hamzah
Situ Syuairah Bt Mohd Zakhi
Mohd Ali
Nurul Syariena Bt Othman
Fathin Naimah Bt Bahari
Nur Faradilla Bt Kamaruddin
Amirul Mustaqim Bin Mohammad
Mohammad Alif Nasrullah Bin

MARK
24

MARK (%)
80

23
23
22
22
21

77
77
73
73
70

21
20
20
20
20
19

70
67
67
67
67
63

19

63

19
19
19
19
19
19
18
18

63
63
63
63
63
63
60
60

18
17
17
17
17
17
17

60
57
57
57
57
57
57

29
30

C
C

31
32
33
34
35

C
C
C
C
C

36

Alias
Nur Nadhirah Shamsul Sahar
Siti Fatimah Az-Zahra Bt Mohd
Naharudin
Muhd Azizi Bin Arshad
Muhammad Khoiruddin Bin Razali
Ahmad Amirul Bin Nuraini
Fahmi Shamsul Bahri
Mohd Hisyamuddin Bin Che
Othman
Ahmad Aiman Bin
Ghazali@Suhaimi

16
16

53
53

15
14
13
13
13

50
47
43
43
43

13

43

5.1 TABLE OF FREQUENCY

Class Interval

Frequency

41 - 45

43

46 - 50

48

51 - 55

53

56 - 60

58

61 - 65

63

66 - 70

68

71 - 80

73

81 - 90

78

5.2 HISTOGRAM

Frequency Vs Mark Range

10
9
8
7
6
Frequency

5
4
3
2
1
0

41 - 45

46 - 50

51 - 55

56 - 60 61 - 65
mark range

66 - 70

71 - 75

76 - 80

5.3 MODE & MEDIAN

Mode: 19
Median: 19
5.4 MEAN
Mean: 18.25
5.5 STANDARD DEVIATION
Standard deviation: 1.70

ITEM 20 - Suggestion: Retain

Ethanol reacts with propanoic acid to produce an ester. What is the name of
the ester produced?

Ethyl ethanote

Prophyl ethanoate

Ethyl propanoate

Prophyl propanoate

A
Item 20

Upper10
Lower 10

Index of

Index of

difficulty
85%

discrimination
0.3

0
7

Index of difficulty, P for this item is 85%. The level of difficulty for this
item is low. The question is easy for the students to answer.

The index of discrimination is 0.3. This concludes that more students

from upper and lower group are slightly small. 10 students from the
upper and 7 students from the lower group could answer this item

correctly. The discrimination power for this item is poor.

It means that this item is easy for the upper group but slightly difficult
for lower group.
Distracter not equally functioning. However distracter C is the best.
Distracters effectiveness:
A- Ineffective because none of the students choose the answer.
B- Ineffective because none of the students choose the answer.
C- Effective because 3 student from lower group choose the answer.

ITEMS 21 - Suggestion: Revise

What is the number of oxygen atom in 0.1 mole of water?
(Avagadro constant: 6.02 1023 mol -1)
A 6.02 1022
B 6.02 1023
C 60.2 1023
D 3.01 x 1023

Index of

Index of

Item 21

Upper10

Lower 10

0
9

difficulty
0%

discrimination
0

0
0

Index of difficulty, P for this item is 0. The level of difficulty for this item

is very high. The question is too difficult for the students to answer.
The index of discrimination is 0. This concludes that all students from
up and 9 student from lower group answered the item incorrectly. The

discrimination power for this item is very poor.

It means that this item is very hard for the upper group and lower

group to answer.
Distracters are functioning because there is no student answer the

item correctly.
Distracters effectiveness:
A-Ineffective because more students from the upper grouped chooses
the answer.
B - Effective because 1 of the student from lower grouped chooses the
answer.
D ineffective because none of the students choose the answer.

ITEM 22 - Suggestion: Retain

Both ethanoic acid and nitric acid of concentration 1 mol dm-3 have
iiiiiiiv-

The same concentration of hydrogen ions

Different degree of ionisation in water
Different pH value
The same concentration of hydroxide ions

I and II

II and III

III and IV only

I and IV only

Item 22

Upper10
Lower 10

4
2

6
3

0
2

0
3

0
0

Index of

Index of

difficulty
30%

discrimination
0.2

Index of difficulty, P for this item is 30%. The level of difficulty for this

item is high. The question is slightly hard for the student to answer.
The index of discrimination is 0.2. The discrimination power between
the upper and lower is slightly small. This concludes that 4 student
from the upper and only 2 student from the lower grouped answered

the item correctly. The discrimination power for this item is poor.
It meant that this item is difficult the lower group to answer.
Distracters are almost slightly functioning for upper and equally

functioning for the lower group.

Distracters effectiveness:

B- Ineffective because more upper grouped students choose the answer.

C- Effective because more lower grouped students choose the answer.
D- Effective because more lower grouped students choose the answer

ITEM 23 - Suggestion: Revise

Below is an Energy Profile Diagram

From the diagram above, it can be concluded that.......

A

heat is required to start the reaction

the activation energy for the reaction is E.

the reaction is exothermic

the reactants are higher

A

Item 23

Upper10
Lower 10

0
0

Index of

Index of

difficulty
0%

discrimination
0

0
6

The index of difficulty, P for this item is 0. The level of difficulty for this

item is very low. The question is too difficult for the students to answer.
The index of discrimination is 0.This concludes that all students from
upper and lower group grouped answered the item incorrectly. The

discrimination power for this item is very poor.

It means that this item is very hard for the upper and lower group

students to answer because none of the student answered correctly.

Distracters are functioning because there is no upper grouped student

answer the item correctly.

Distracters effectiveness:
A- Ineffective because none of the students choose the answer.
B- Effective because more lower group choose the answer.
C- Ineffective because more upper group students choose the answer.

ITEM 24 - Suggestion: Retain

The Ph value of o.1mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide is higher than 0.1 mol dm-3
ammonia solution. This is because
A
B

sodium hydroxide is more soluble in water than ammonia

the concentration of hydrogen ion in sodium hydroxide is higher

than concentration of hydrogen ion in ammonia solution.

sodium hydroxide ionises partially in water whereas ammonia

ionizes completely in water

the concentration of hydroxide ion in sodium hydroxide solution
is higher than the concentration of hydroxide ion in ammonia
solution.
A

Item 24

Upper10
Lower 10

0
0

B
1
2

C
1
6

D
8
2

0
0
0

Index of

Index of

difficulty
50%

discrimination
0.6

The index of difficulty, P for this item is 50%. The level of difficulty for
this item is average. The question is moderate for the students to

answer.
The index of discrimination is 0.6. The discrimination power between
upper and lower group is slightly big. This concludes that more
students from upper group answered the items correctly. The

discrimination power for this item is good.

It meant that this question is very easy for upper group but difficult for
the lower group.
Distracters are functioning.
Distracters effectiveness:
A- Ineffective because none of the student choose the answer.
B- Effective because more lower group students choose the answer.
C- Effective because more lower group student choose the answer.

ITEM 25 - Suggestion: Retain

Which of the structural formulae are isomers of pentane?

A
C

i and ii

i and iii

ii and iv

iii and iv

Item 25

Index of

Index of

Upper10

difficulty
80%

discrimination
0.4

Lower 10

0
6

The index of difficulty, P for this item is 80%. The level of difficulty for

this item is low. The question is easy for the students to answer.
The index of discrimination is 0.4. The discrimination power between
the upper and lower grouped is slightly big. This concludes that more
student from the upper grouped answered the items correctly. The

discrimination power for this item is reasonable.

It meant that this question is easy for upper group student to answer

but difficult for lower group student.

The distracter for answer B is very functioning.
Distracters effectiveness:
A- Ineffective because none of the students choose the answer.
B- Effective because more lower group students choose the answer.
D - Ineffective because none of the student choose the answer.

ITEM 26 Suggestion: Retain

The table shows four different types of esters produced by reaction certain
alcohol with different carboxylic acids.

Which pair of ester has the same molecular formula?

A
B

P and R
R and S

P and Q

Q and S

A
Item 26

Upper10
Lower 10

9
2

B
0
6

C
1
2

D
0
0

0
0
0

Index of

Index of

difficulty
55%

discrimination
0.7

The index of difficulty, P for this item is 55%. The level of difficulty for
this item is average. The question is moderate for the student to

answer.
The index of discrimination is 0.7. The discrimination power between
upper and lower grouped is big. This concludes that more students
from upper group answered the item correctly. The discrimination

power for this item is good.

It meant that the question is very easy for the upper grouped student.
Distracters are not equally functioning.
Distracters effectiveness:

B- Effective because more lower groups students choose the answer.

C- Effective because more lower groups students choose the answer.
D- Ineffective because none of the students choose the answer.

ITEM 27 - Suggestion: Retain

Magnesium ribbon, tin foil, copper foil, and zinc foil are coiled around
different nails. The metal pairs are then placed in a test tube containing
aqueous sodium chloride solution. Which of the test tubes will contain the
higher concentration of iron (II) ions after two days?

A
C

W
Y

B
D
A

Item 27

Upper10
Lower 10

0
4

X
Z
0

Index of

Index of

difficulty
70%

discrimination
0.6

0
4

The index of difficulty, P for this item is 70%. The level of difficulty for

this item is low. The question is easy for the students to answer.
The index of discrimination is 0.6. The discrimination power between
upper and lower grouped is big. This concludes that more students
from upper group answered the item correctly. The discrimination

power for this item is good.

It meant that the question is very easy for the upper grouped student.
Distracters are not equally functioning.

Distracters effectiveness:

A- Effective because more lower group students chooses the answer.

B- Ineffective because none of the student chooses the answer.
D Effective because more lower group student chooses the answer.

ITEM 28 - Suggestion: Revise

When a mixture of carbon and copper (II) oxide is heated strongly
iiiiiiiv-

The
The
The
The

oxide ion loses two electrons

oxidation number of carbon increases from 0 to +4
copper( II) oxide acts as the reducing agent
copper(II) ion accept two electrons

A i and iii
B ii and iv
C ii, iii and iv
D i, ii, iii, and iv
A
Item 28

Upper10
Lower 10

4
1

B
5
7

C
1
0

D
0
2

0
0
0

Index of

Index of

difficulty
60%

discrimination
-0.2

The index of difficulty, P for this item is 60%. The level of difficulty for
this item is average. The question is moderate for the students to

answer.
The index discrimination is -0.2. The discrimination power between
upper and lower group is smaller. This concludes that more students
from lower group answered the item correctly. The discrimination
power for this item is poor.

It meant that this question is contradicted because more students from

lower group answered the question correctly.

Distracters are equally functioning.
Distracters effectiveness:
A- Ineffective because more upper group students choose the answer.
C Ineffective because more upper group students choose the answer.
D Effective because more lower group students chooses the answer.

ITEM 29 Suggestion: Revise

The diagram shows the set up apparatus of a simple chemical cell.

What are metals X and Y that produced the highest voltage cell?
Metal X
Metal Y
A
Aluminium
Iron
B
Silver
Magnesium
C
Magnesium
Copper
D
Zinc
Lead

A
Item 29

Upper10

B
1

C
0

D
0

Index of

Index of

difficulty
35%

discrimination
-0.7

Lower 10

0
3

The index of difficulty is 35%. The level of difficulty is average. The

question is moderate for the students to answer.

The index of discrimination is -0.7. The different between upper and
lower group students is smallest. This concludes that more students
from lower group answered the item correctly. The discrimination

power for this item is very poor.

It meant that this question is contradicted because more students from

lower group answered the question correctly.

Distracters are not equally functioning.
Distracters effectiveness:
A- Ineffective because none of the student chooses the answer.
B- Ineffective because more upper group students chooses the answer.
D - Ineffective because none of the student chooses the answer.

ITEM 30 - Suggestion: Revise

An iron spoon is electroplated. The apparatus used is shown in the diagram.

Copper rod

At the end of the electrolysis, it is observed that....

A
Item 30

Upper10
Lower 10

Index of

Index of

difficulty
0%

discrimination
0

0
9

The index of difficulty, P for this item is 0. The level of difficulty for this
item is very low. The question is too difficult for the students to answer.

The index of discrimination is 0.This concludes that all students from

upper and lower group grouped answered the item incorrectly. The

discrimination power for this item is very poor.

It means that this item is very hard for the upper and lower group

students to answer.
Distracters B are very functioning because 10 students from upper and
9 students from lower grouped student chooses to answer the
question.

Distracters effectiveness:
B- Ineffective because more upper group students choose the answer.
C - Ineffective because none of the students choose the answer.
D Effective because more lower group student choose the answer.