Guía Inglés 2 Unet

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL EXPERIMENTAL DEL TCHIRA
VICERRECTORADO ACADMICO
DECANATO DE DOCENCIA
DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES
NCLEO DE IDIOMAS
Gua de Estudio
Ingls 2
Material de Estudio para uso exclusivo de Estudiantes de la UNET

2015
Elaborada por Profesores:
2da Edicin: Marzo 2006
Luz Angela Caas
Rebeca Duque
Gerzn Crdenas
Gerzon Crdenas
Rebeca Duque
Jersus Colmenares
Luz Angela Caas
3ra Edicin: Septiembre 2006
4ta Edicin: Marzo 2007.
Luz ngela Caas
Yoleyda Gmez
Teresa Ortega
Rebeca Duque
Gerzon Crdenas
Rebeca Duque
Teresa Ortega
Teresa Ortega
Christopher Rodrguez
5ta Edicin: Septiembre 2007
6ta Edicin: Abril 2008
Luz Angela Caas V.
Luz Angela Caas V.
Yoleyda Gmez
Yoleyda Gmez
Christopher Rodrguez.
Christopher Rodrguez.
7ma Edicin: Julio 2009

Belkys Moncada
8va Edicin: Septiembre 2010

Enlinar Alviarez Parra
Adriana Guerrero
9na Edicin: Abril 2015

Yoleyda Gamez
Carolina Rojas
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL EXPERIMENTAL DEL TACHIRA, UNET

VICERRECTORADO ACADEMICO
COMISION CENTRAL DE CURRICULUM
PROGRAMA DE ESTUDIO
ASIGNATURA:
CDIGO:
UC:
Ingles 2
1023302
DEPARTAMENTO/CARRERA:
NUCLEO
ACADEMICO:
PRE-REQUISITO:
Cs Sociales
Idiomas
Ingles 1
CO-REQUISITO:
HORAS
SEMANA:
TEORIA:
LAB/PRACTICA:
Ninguno
SEMESTRE:
3
VIGENCIA:
OBLIGATORIA:
ELECTIVA
2015-1
2015
ELABORADO POR:
Lic. Luz Angela Caas, Lic. Jersus Colmenares, Lic. Blanca Urdaneta
COLABORADOR: Lic. Gerzon Crdenas
FUNDAMENTACIN:
El estudiante universitario recibe hoy da la influencia cientfica, tecnolgica, cultural y

social de los pases de habla inglesa a travs de diversos medios e instrumentos de
informacin; por lo tanto, se considera que debe estar capacitado para usar con provecho
la numerosa informacin difundida que llega en esta idioma para el estudio y refuerzo de
las dems reas del conocimiento.
En consecuencia, se considera de suma importancia que el estudiante y profesional
venezolano posea el dominio suficiente de este idioma en forma integral, lo cual le
permitir el acceso inmediato a toda la informacin actualizada a travs de diferentes
medios, entendiendo adems, que el conocimiento de este idioma se est incorporando
da a da como requisito indispensable en el campo de trabajo nacional e internacional. Es
por estas razones que el objetivo primordial de Ingls 2, en secuencia al Programa previo
de Estudio de Ingls 1, es ofrecerle al estudiante de las diferentes carreras de la UNET
Gua de Estudio Ingls 2. UNET
estrategias y tcnicas que le permitan desarrollar sus capacidades para la comunicacin

en las cuatro habilidades elementales: Leer, Escribir, Hablar y Entender lo escuchado
para logra tal fin.
OBJETIVO GENERAL
Desarrollar competencias lingsticas y comunicativas en las habilidades para la
comprensin y expresin oral, as como de comprensin y expresin escrita del idioma
ingls, equivalentes al nivel de principiante-intermedio que mejore su desempeo
estudiantil y profesional.
OBJETIVOS ESPECFICOS
1. Expresar de manera oral sentimientos y actitudes en tiempos pretritos y futuros,

descripciones, rdenes, y sugerencias, as como la comunicacin para la
socializacin.
2. Expresar de manera escrita textos contentivos de sentimientos y actitudes en
tiempos pretritos y futuros, descripciones de objetos, clasificaciones, rdenes,
predicciones, sugerencias, as como de elementos de socializacin,
entretenimiento y trabajo.
3. Comprender e interpretar de manera oral informacin sobre eventos en tiempos
pretritos y futuros, personas y objetos, descripciones, rdenes, disculpas y
sugerencias, ofrecimientos, entretenimiento y socializacin, tales como
invitaciones y predicciones.
4. Comprender escritos de manera efectiva a travs de estrategias de comprensin

lectora, acerca de personas y cosas, rdenes, descripciones, tiempos pretritos y
futuros, entretenimiento y de socializacin.
METODOLOGA Y RECURSOS:
La asignatura de INGLS 2 en las diferentes carreras de ingeniera de la Universidad
Nacional Experimental del Tchira, se desarrollar en seis unidades de instruccin que
representan en orden creciente de dificultad el material bsico que se utilizar para las
actividades de clase, laboratorio y evaluaciones a efectuarse durante el semestre.
Los aprendizajes de caracteres significativos, comunicativos y basados en los contenidos,
constituyen el enfoque propuesto en esta asignatura, en donde el estudiante es
estimulado a percibir los nuevos conocimientos como elementos con significados
inherentes a l y a su contexto, los cuales vienen a ser provechosos y utilizables para la
comunicacin efectiva. Este enfoque enfatiza el uso del segundo idioma a travs de la
utilizacin de elementos comunicativos y con significado para desenvolverse en
ambientes profesionales y de negocios, al estar centrados en tpicos especficos y donde
incorpora la prctica en las cuatro habilidades de la comunicacin en un idioma.
A travs de trabajo de clase, tanto en grupo como individual, as como en trabajo

complementario y de refuerzo y el de laboratorio a realizarse dentro y fuera del aula de
clase, se pretende que el estudiante adquiera, y/o aprenda estructuras de comunicacin
tanto en lenguaje hablado como escrito, teniendo como orientador y facilitador al profesor.
De esta manera avanzar progresivamente hacia el reconocimiento, comprensin,
anlisis de la estructura, funcin e interrelacin de las proposiciones que escuche o lea, y
que le habilite para producir comunicacin al hablar y escribir en los mismos y otros
trminos de estructura, funcin e interrelacin de ideas o proposiciones.
El profesor, a travs de sus explicaciones, ejercitacin con el material didctico, uso de
los recursos y estrategias, asignacin de trabajos y su respectiva revisin y tutoras guiar
al alumno en la obtencin de las estrategias de aprendizaje que le permitan recordar,
analizar, adquirir y aplicar las mismas a situaciones acadmicas y laborales semireales y
reales, de modo que as pueda establecer la relacin del estudio de este idioma con
nuestro entorno y deteccin de los valores implcitos en las situaciones presentadas.
El estudiante, por su parte, aplicar las estrategias de aprendizaje para dar respuesta a
preguntas y ejercicios de comprensin con el objeto de iniciarse en la comunicacin
efectiva a nivel socio-tcnico-cientfico en ingles y en la internalizacin de los valores
inducidos por los contextos.
El material de estudio seleccionado para la asignatura consiste en la Gua de Estudio del
curso y el Workbook de revisin y consolidacin de las unidades, en las que los
estudiantes, con la ayuda del profesor, podrn afianzar los conocimientos adquiridos
durante el desarrollo de los contenidos previos estudiados en la clase.
ENFOQUES EN LA ENSEANZA Y APRENDIZAJE DEL IDIOMA INGLS
El proceso de enseanza y aprendizaje en los cursos de ingls est dirigido a desarrollar

habilidades comunicativas del estudiante en esta lengua, basando por lo tanto el proceso
educativo en el Enfoque Comunicativo, el cual enfatiza la habilidad del aprendiz para
usar el idioma en forma apropiada en situaciones especificas. El enfoque comunicativo
presta considerable importancia a las funciones del idioma y a ayudar a los estudiantes a
desarrollar competencias comunicativas en el mismo. De esta forma, el enfoque
comunicativo tiene como objetivo principal interrelacionar las funciones del idioma con el
uso correcto de las estructuras, es decir, combinar la fluidez comunicativa con el uso
correcto de las formas. Se pretende de esta forma que el estudiante practique y produzca
los conocimientos adquiridos en la clase por medio de actividades o tareas (tasks)
comunicativas propuestas que involucren una participacin activa de los estudiantes entre
s, como por ejemplo, role-plays, information-gap, problem-solving, social exchanges,
decision-making, etc.
Las actividades propuestas en el saln de clase pretenden a su vez impulsar el enfoque
pedaggico del aprendizaje cooperativo (Kagan, 1992, 1994, 2000) (Cooperative
Learning), donde el docente aplica conocimientos, tcnicas y estrategias de enseanza y
aprendizaje con el fin de ampliar su campo de accin dentro el saln de clase para elevar
la motivacin y la participacin de los alumnos. De este modo, los estudiantes aprenden
a ser cooperativos para promover su propio aprendizaje y el de sus compaeros. El
enfoque cooperativo est basado en la creacin, anlisis y la aplicacin sistemtica de
estructuras o formas de contenido libre para organizar la interaccin social en el saln de

clase. Las estructuras usualmente involucran una serie de pasos, los cuales implican un
comportamiento preestablecido en cada uno de ellos. Las estructuras de definen como los
recursos que permiten al docente adaptar cualquier experiencia curricular
cooperativamente en el saln de clase, siendo adaptables a los contenidos de los
programas educativos permitiendo el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas, afectivas y
sociales para el logro de los objetivos propuestos.
Las actividades de clase, se construyen por lo tanto, ubicando el contenido programtico
en un tipo o tipos de estructura. Las estructuras pueden ser, por ejemplo, las diversas
tcnicas que el docente usar para involucrar a los estudiantes en un aprendizaje
cooperativo: brainstorming, flashcard game, simultaneous interaction, team discussion,
team projects, timed-pair share, etc. Estas estructuras estn enmarcadas en propsitos
diferentes como la creacin de la construccin de equipos (teambuilding), la construccin
de socializacin entre el grupo de estudiantes (classbuilding), el dominio de los contenidos
(mastery), el desarrollo de habilidades de pensamiento (thinking skills), el desarrollo de
habilidades comunicativas (communication skills) y el intercambio de informacin
(information sharing) entre los estudiantes. El enfoque cooperativo enfatiza la interaccin
de los estudiantes en clase en forma simultnea.
El aprendizaje cooperativo implementa el principio de simultaneidad lo cual ayuda a
aumentar la produccin de lenguaje en el estudiante. La enseanza cooperativa, se basa
por lo tanto, en cuatro principios esenciales: interdependencia positiva (positive
interdependence), reconocimiento individual (individual accountability), igual participacin
(equal participation) e interaccin simultnea (simultaneous interaction). Estos principios
se integraran simultneamente por medio de las estructuras presentadas para que el
enfoque cooperativo realmente cumpla su cometido, permitir resultados de aprendizaje
exitosos a los aprendices de una segunda lengua.
Desarrollo de Habilidades:
En el curso de Ingls 2 se pretende que el estudiante desarrolle en forma integral las
siguientes habilidades:
Mastery:
information,
information.
Speaking: The communicative

tasks will provide students
experiences to apply and produce
the vocabulary, grammar, fixedpatterns and expressions in the
context of personally meaningful
communication to give way to
freer discussions.
Listening: Plenty of practice will
be given in improving extensive
and intensive listening skills: for
gist, to get specific and general
for
predicting
Writing: To provide models of

common business situations and
to make learners aware of the role
of register. Writing tasks will be
used as an extension or
consolidation of the other skills.
Reading: The tasks for reading

will practice the main ways of
reading: skimming, scanning,
intensive/extensive
reading
through strategies for reading
comprehension: guessing word
meanings from the context,

predicting, recognizing cognates,
finding main and supporting
ideas, analyzing cohesion and
coherence elements.
Social skills:
Vocabulary: To give learners the

opportunity to build and master
business
and
technical
terminology.
Classbuilding skills:
Thinking skills:
To develop students skills for

praising, coaching, supporting,
checking, turn-taking, speaking
time, modeling and leadership.
To develop students abilities to

generate, question, combine,
categorize,
evaluate,
apply
information, analyze, infer, predict
and describe.
To
develop
and
provide
networking among all students in
a class as it creates a positive
context within which groups or
teams can learn. Classbuilding
develops students abilities to
generate
simultaneously
teambuilding,
communication
exchanges, information sharing,
to solve class problems, to
improve class environment, to
plan events and to boost mutual
support.
MODALIDAD EVALUATIVA
Los contenidos de la asignatura de INGLS 2 se dividen en 6 Unidades instruccionales.
El Semestre de estudio est dividido en tres Parciales. En el Parcial I se evaluaran las
Unidades 1, 2. En el Parcial II se evaluarn las Unidades 3, 4 y en el Parcial III se
evaluarn las Unidades 5, 6. Cada Parcial tiene una duracin de 5 semanas. La siguiente
tabla muestra los porcentajes acumulativos, instrumento de evaluacin y aplicacin cada
uno de los Parciales.
PARCIAL
UNIDADES
SEMANA
% ACUM
1,2
3y6
35
INSTRUMENTOS
Tests escritos
individuales/grupales
II
3, 4,5
9 y 12
35
III
6,7
16
30
Tests orales:
(Conversaciones
grupales cortas,
presentaciones
individuales o en
grupo,)
Los tests medirn las cuatro habilidades.
CONTENIDO PROGRAMTICO
(Basado en los materiales Getting Ahead: CUP, 2000)
ELEMENTOS DE
COMUNICACIN
UNIDAD
1
Describe career
and experience
Book
accommodation
Describe
products
Describe
and
compare goods
and products
Make
suggestions and
compare
choices
Describe trends.
Talk about
cause and
effect.
ENFOQUE
GRAMATICAL
ENFOQUE
CONTEXTUAL
Past tense
Simple
Past
Regular
and
irregular verbs
Countable
and
uncountable
nouns:
Some and any
Education:
Work
experience and
career
Trade fairs
Product
description
Ordering
goods
Comparative and
superlative
adjectives
Adjectives and
adverbs.
Sequencing
language.
Describing a
graph,
discussing
product sales
and giving
reasons for
decrease/incre
ase, giving a
short
presentation.
Give reasons for

changes in
performance.
4
Show
visitors
around
a
company
or
factory
Warn visitors of
dangers while in
factories
Describe recent
events
in
a
company
Practice terms to
express quantity.
Describe
changes in time.
Learn
imports
exports.
about
and
Past tense
Simple
Past
tense
and
Present Perfect
tense.
Expressions to
talk about mass
quantity.
Describe past
and present
perfect.
Conditions
of sale
Office
equipment
and
facilities
Describing
company
Performance.
Talk about
different
countries
and the
products
they
import/exp
ort.
ACTIVIDADES DE
PRCTICA Y
REFUERZO
Business world
Product
descriptions
Office equipment
Product
information
Information
gap activities.
Discussions.
Class work:
Individual.
Pair work.
Small group work
Working hours.
Class survey.
Information
gap activities.
Discussions.
Class work:
Individual.
Pair work.
Small
groups
work.
Reading:
skimming,
scanning,
main and
supporting
ideas.
Express
prediction
of
future trends
Express degrees
of certainty
Future tense: Will

Future
for
forecasts
and
predictions
Degrees
of
certainty
Vocabulary
of general
business
and
economic
concepts
Work
Predictions
Class survey
environment
in the future
CURRICULUM VITAE
IN THIS UNIT YOU
WILL LEARN TO
STRATEGIES
LANGUAGE FOCUS
FOR LANGUAGE
LEARNING:
Using Language Skills
Describe career and

experience
Past Time: Past Simple
Guessing meaning from Regular and Irregular

the Context
Verbs
Write a simple Curriculum

Vitae
Predicting meaning by
the context.
Countable and
Uncountable
Nouns
some and any.
SKILLS TO DEVELOP
Reading about: Curriculum
Vitae.
Talking
Career
about: Your
Writing about:
opinions.
Working
Listening about: Regular and

Irregular verbs.
WORD-POWER
COMMUNICATIVE
TASKS
My first job was as
Interactive Production:
Role-Plays.
Now I work as
Communicative Production:
Speaking: Talking about
your work experience.
Writing: Making your own
CV.
10
Pre-reading activity.
Discuss with your classmates the following questions.
1. What does the acronym CV mean?
2. What information should you write in a CV?
3. Have you written a CV?
HOW TO PREPARE A CV
A CV is a Curriculum Vitae. This Latin expression means

information about your skills and qualifications, that is,
everything you have studied and achieved. Americans use a
similar document: they call it a rsum. What do these
documents include? In a CV you must write relevant information
about you as a person. That is: age, marital status,
address, telephone number. Apart from this, you
must also include details about you as a professional,
stating your degree, experience, courses for
professional improvement, and general qualifications,
such as other languages of which you have good
knowledge and whether you can use a computer. The
way you organize all this information is very
important, because your prospective employers will get an idea of
you through this document, in many cases before meeting you in
person.
(Track 01)
A. According to the text above answer in SPANISH the following questions

1. What information about your private life should be
included?
__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2. What do Americans present for a job application instead
of a CV?
___________________________________________________________
3. Why is it important to present a well-organized CV?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
11
B. Complete these sentences using the words from the box

master - improve - qualify - relevant - prospective
1.
If you want to ______________________ a foreign language, you must study a lot!
2.
This is _______________________ information about the project.
3. They are buying technology from Japan to _______________________ the quality of their
services.
Study this CV: Check if all the information required in the text has
been given in this CV and how it has been done.
Personal Information
Name and Surname: Anne Wolf
Date of Birth: 9th February 1980
Nationality: Irish
Education / Qualifications
Secondary studies: High School Graduate
Languages: Native speaker of English
Fluent in Spanish and Portuguese
Now write down the missing information.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Write down four questions you would ask Anne Wolf.
1.
2.
3.
4.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
12
THE RIGHT PERSON

These words are often used in job advertisements. Companies look for people who are:
Self-starters, proactive, self-motivated, or self-driven: good at
working on their own.
Methodical, systematic and organized: can work in a planned,
orderly way.
Computer-literate: good with computers.
Numerate: good with numbers.
Motivated: very keen to do well in their job.
Talented: naturally very good at what they do.
Team players: people who work well with other people.
Now complete these extracts from job advertisements using words from the
text about the right person.
1. Youll need to be ________________________ , as youll be working on
financial budgets.
2. As part of our sales team, youll be working independently, so you have to be self
-________________________and self- ________________________.
3. Were looking for someone who can work on ten projects at once. You must be
________________________,
________________________
and
____________________
4. We need ________________________ journalists who are very good at their
job and extremely ________________________ to find out as much as they
can.
5. Youll be researching developments on the Internet, so you have to be
________________________. You must be ________________________ able
to work on your own initiative, and a ________________________. But as a part
of a team of researchers, you need to be a good ________________________
too.
13
1. Is it important to be prepared for a job interview?
2. What kind of clothes should you wear for a job interview?
3. Should you show interest about the job?
A JOB INTERVIEW
What is a job interview? Well, generally it is what
follows after you have sent your CV to a
prospective employer, and the people who are
offering the job want to know more about you.
The future employers now want to meet you in
person and see what you look like, discuss your
qualifications and so on.
There are several things you have to be very careful about: for
example, the way you dress for that first meeting. If you are a boy, it
is better to wear formal clothes a shirt is preferable to T-shirt and
it may be appropriate to wear a jacket or blazer. Make sure your hair
is tidy and your hands are very clean. If you are a girl, it is more
appropriate not to wear mini-skirt and not too much make-up!
Another important point is punctuality. Make sure you arrive on
time. Never be late! They may think you are not very reliable. When
you are in the actual interview, answer the questions clearly and
directly, and, if there is something you do not understand, ask them
to repeat the question instead of giving the wrong answer. Show that
you are interested in the job, but do not be overanxious. Relax, do
your best and good luck!
(Track 02)
According to the text above answer in SPANISH the

following questions
1.
How should you dress for a job interview

If you are a boy? ____________________________________
If you are a girl? ___________________________________
2. Is it good to arrive very early for the interview?

___________________________________________________________
3. When should you ask for the question to be repeated?
___________________________________________________________
14
Complete the Application form:

Application form
Job: Assistant
Past Simple
We use the simple past to talk about an event or
a situation that happened at a particular time in
the past, which is now finished.
THE AMERICAN CURIOSITY

SHOP
Name: _______________________________________________________________
Age: _______ Nationality: ________________ Address: ________________________
Telephone: ________________________ E-mail: _____________________________
Married Single
Education:
High school University Others _________________
Completed Yes No
Languages: English
French Portuguese Others: ______
writes
writes
writes
writes
speaks
speaks speaks
speaks
Previous experience in similar jobs: Yes No
Times available: Morning Afternoon
Evening
Ready to work a) Overtime
Yes No b) Weekends Yes No
Marital Status:
Signature: _______________________________ Date: __________
Forms of the past simple

We form the sentences with the
past simple of the verb.
We form the negative sentences with

didnt (did not) + the infinitive of the
verb without to.
We form questions with did + the

infinitive of the verb without to.
Ana arrived on time
Peter didnt like the breakfast
Did Sara lose her keys?
15
A. - These verbs are regular. Write them in the past simple, paying attention
to the spelling.
Live__________
Study__________
Stop__________
Ask__________
Work__________
Help__________
Pass__________
Represent________
Move_________
Attend__________
Plan___________
Want_________
Need__________
Train__________
Visit_________
B. - Complete this list of irregular verbs.

Present
Past simple
Present
Am
Go
Is
Have
Are
Leave
Become
Made
Began
Came
do
Past simple
Said
See
Take
Thought
C. - Read this text. Then fill in the blanks with the correct form of the past
simple of the verbs below.
continue / move / join / include / be / return / become / study
Theresa Stewart _________________ born in Vancouver Canada in
1976 and _________________ with her family to Quebec in 1978. She
_________________ French literature at the University of Montreal
from 1994 to 1998 and in 1998 / 99 she _________________ her
studies at the Sorbonne in Paris. When she _________________to
Quebec in 1999, she ________________________ AKL Media as a
secretary, and in 2000 she ________________________ a Marketing
Assistant. Her clients ________________________ several software
and computing companies.
Here you will find some interesting exercises for improving your
skills.
http://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/new-exercises/ex1-pasado-simple/
http://www.efl.net/irrpasttense.htm
http://www.english-at-home.com/grammar-past-simple-tense/
16
You work for Atlantic Bikes in Halifax, Canada. You have a

stand at the International Cycle Show in Taipei. Listen to a
colleague, Susan McLean, phoning the Ambassador Hotel
in Taipei to arrange accommodation. Complete her notes
from her conversation. (Track 03)
Cycle Show, Taipei

We need ______________ single rooms with ________________
Dates: ____________ March to ______________ April.
Ambassador Hotel: _____________ single rooms due to fair!
They suggest we try ____________ Hotel.
Tel:_______________
Countable and uncountable nouns

Some money
I need
Three dollars
Countable nouns
They are people or things which we can

count. They have both a singular and a
plural form.
Uncountable nouns
They are things that we cant count.

They have no plural form.
Materials or substances, feelings or
qualities,
abstracts
ideas
are
uncountable .
A. Are these words countable (C) or uncountable (U)? Some of them can be
both.
___ accommodation ___ work
___ room
___ information
___ job
___ details
___dollars
___money
___suitcase
___baggage
___ journey
___travel
17
Now look at these examples.
Some or Any
There is some accommodation at the Conference Centre.

There are some rooms at the Imperial Hotel.
Do you have any accommodation/single rooms for tonight?
We dont have any accommodation/single rooms for tonight.
B. Now practice this conversation with a partner. Then translate the dialogue
into Spanish.
A: Id like some information about hotels.
B: What exactly do you need to know?
A: Id like to book some accommodation. Have you got any
single rooms for tonight?
B: Im sorry, but we havent got any single rooms.
A: Are there any good restaurants near the hotel?
B: Im afraid not. But there are some excellent
restaurants near the Convention Centre.
A: I havent got any money.
B: Dont worry. Ive still got some dollars.
C. Look at these notes on an International Language Fair and make

questions.
International Language Fair.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Stands near entrance?

Cheap accommodation near centre?
Good restaurants near centre?
Shops near centre?
Parking near centre?
Sporting events at weekend?
18
1. Are there any stands near the entrance?

2.
____________________________________________________________
3.
______________________________________________________________
4.
______________________________________________________________
5.
______________________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________________
D. Complete these sentences with some or any. Then match them to the
questions in Exercise C.
A. Im afraid not. But there are _____________ near the
cafeteria.
B. No, there isnt ____________ parking near the Center.
C. Yes, there are ___________ sporting events. Theres

tennis tournament on Saturday and a swimming competition on
Sunday.
D. Yes, there are ________ excellent restaurants nearby.
E. No, there arent ___________ shops near the Center.
F. Yes, there are _____________ inexpensive hotels near the

Centre. For example, the Park Hotel isnt too expensive.
Here you will find some interesting exercises for improving your skills.
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/nouns_uncountables.htm
http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-exercise-countable-uncountablenouns.php#.VMwfnywYFf1
http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-exercise-someany.php#.VMwgPSwYFf0
19
COMPARING PRODUCTS
IN THIS UNIT YOU
WILL LEARN TO
* Describe products.
STRATEGIES
LANGUAGE FOCUS
FOR LANGUAGE
LEARNING:
Using Language Skills.
* Compare products and office Guessing meaning from

equipment.
the Context.
* Use expressions to give your Predicting meaning by
opinion.
the context.
Comparative and
superlative Forms.
Adjectives.
Numbers (prices)
Filling in blanks.
Brainstorming
Word associations.
Discriminating
information.
SKILLS TO DEVELOP
WORD-POWER
Listening for specific and

general information.
Office equipment.
Information-gap activities.
Adjectives.
Discussions.
Speaking: Talking about

comparing
products
and
discussing which is better.
Make decisions in groups.
COMMUNICATIVE
TASKS
Class work :
Individual, Pair work, Small
groups.
Reading:
Skimming,
scanning, cognates, main and
supporting ideas.
Writing:
to
consolidate
previous knowledge.
20
1. Can you mention some office equipment?
2.What is the meaning of the expression Time is money?
OFFICE EQUIPMENT
Whenever you go nowadays in the business
world, you will find an incredible variety of office
equipment without which office activities would be
very difficult and slow, and time is money!
But then, how much do we know about these quiet helpers?
Lets introduce them. To begin with, there is the master of them all: the
computer, also known as the PC or the terminal. We dont need to say
any more. Then, there comes the telephone, the perfect match for the
PC. From this marriage weve got a brilliant child: Internet, and the
baby sibling, e-mail. Needless to say, the telephone has got another
important relative: the facsimile, better known as the fax, and, the voice
mail, and in-company answering device, similar to our home answering
machine. The family is also composed of other members. The shredder
is a very useful machine to destroy papers which are no longer necessary
but which contain confidential information that shouldnt be read
accidentally, or not, by other people. The photocopier is an invaluable
ally to save time, and an old friend of all students!
Unfortunately, this helpful device is often misused as when
people photocopy books thus harming the authors rights among other
things.
(Track 04)
Find the words or expressions that qualify these objects.

Internet: brilliant child______________
Photocopier:____________________
Telephone:______________________
Voice mail:_____________________
21
Find the English names of these objects in the crossword below.
Comparatives and Superlatives

We use comparatives to compare
two things or two people.
A desktop is cheaper than a
notebook.
A notebook is as useful as a
desktops.
A desktop is not as practical as a
notebook
Superlatives are used, however, to

compare to show the difference
between more than two things or
more than two people.
An Apples notebook is the most
expensive.
A desktop is the heaviest of all.
22
A. Look at the pictures and compare the prices. Study the examples
Lenovo G70
$628.99
Acer
HP Stream 13
$197
$249.99
Lenovos laptop is the most expensive.

Acers laptop is the cheapest.
Acers laptop is cheaper than HPs.
HPs laptop is more expensive than Acers.
B.
Three companies produce the cardboard boxes you need. You
have to decide which company to buy from. Your purchasing department
has collected these statistics to help you make up your mind. Ask and
answer the questions.
Price per standard 1

cubic metre box
Number of styles of
boxes in the range
Delivery period
Discount
Quantity kept in stock
Terms of payment
RCA
BOX & CO
PACKAGING &
CO
8.36
8.5
8.36
38
12
37
2 days
5%
1000,000
14 days
1 day
10%
700,000
30 days
4 days
15%
400,000
60 days
Which company...
1. has the highest / lowest prices?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
2. has the widest / smallest product range?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
3. has the best / worst quality record?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
23
4. delivers the fastest / slowest?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
5. gives the biggest / smallest discount?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
6. keeps the most / fewest boxes in stock?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
7. gives the most / least time to pay?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Be careful with these adjectives:

ADJECTIVE
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
Good
Better than
The best
Bad
Worse than
The worst
C. Complete the paragraph using the words from the box

* More than one answer may be possible.
large important low good wide modern - good

OFFICE SUPPLYS 15TH ANNIVERSARY SALE!
Come to Office Supply for the __________________ prices,
the __________________ service and the __________________
equipment for the office.
We have everything from
computers to furniture.
We have the __________________
range
of
fax
machines
in
the
city
and
the
__________________ selection of office furniture.
Were
open longer hours than other shops, so come to us. Were
the __________________! Dont forget __________________
thing if its office equipment you need, then you need
OFFICE SUPPLY.
24
THE INSPIRON AND THE OTHERS

Dell
Inspiron
notebooks
are
designed for small businesses which
demand better performance and more
advanced technology at lower prices.
The Inspiron is not as expensive as
other notebooks, and it is smaller and
lighter.
The advanced design of the Inspiron
makes it easy to upgrade. This same design makes it more reliable
than other notebooks.
Dells low price includes higher quality service and support. And we
promise faster delivery of your new computer, usually within 6 to 10
days of receiving your order. For a better notebook, buy Dell.
A. According to the text are the statements about it true (T) or false (F)?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The Inspiron is less reliable than other notebooks.

It is not as advanced as other notebooks.
It is more reliable than other notebooks.
Service and support is included in the price.
The Inspiron is more expensive than its competitors.
The inspiron is bigger than other notebooks.
____
____
____
____
____
____
25
B. Now rewrite the advertisement using superlatives to fill in the blanks.
THE INSPIRON AND THE OTHERS

Dell
Inspiron
notebooks
are
designed for small businesses which
demand
_________________
performance and _________________
advanced
technology
at
_________________
prices.
The
Inspiron is not as expensive as other
notebooks, and it is smaller and
lighter.
The advanced design of the Inspiron makes it _________________
to upgrade. This same design makes it more reliable than other
notebooks.
Dells low price includes_________________ quality service and
support. And we promise _________________ delivery of your new
computer, usually within 6 to 10 days of receiving your order.
For _________________ notebook, buy Dell.
Here you will find some interesting exercises for improving your skills
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/adjective-adverbs/adjectives/exercises
http://www.saberingles.com.ar/curso/lesson12/05.html
http://comoaprenderinglesbien.com/ejercicios-de-adjetivos-comparativos-1/
26
STATISTICS
IN THIS UNIT YOU
WILL
Describe trends.
Give reasons for
changes in performance.
STRATEGIES FOR
LANGUAGE
LEARNING
Guessing meaning
from context.
Filling in blanks.
Brainstorming.
Word associations.
Discriminating
information.
Describing graphs.
SKILLS TO DEVELOP WORD POWER

Listening for
specific/general
information.
Statistics vocabulary.
Expressions.
Speaking: describing a
graph, discussing
product sales and
giving reasons for
decrease/increase,
giving a short
presentation.
LANGUAGE FOCUS
Adjectives and
adverbs.
Sequencing language.
COMMUNICATIVE
TASKS
Information gap
activities.
Discussions.
Class work:
Individual.
Pair work.
Small group work.
Reading: skimming,
scanning, main and
supporting ideas.
Writing: to consolidate
previous knowledge.
27
A. These verbs describe trends. Put them under the correct heading like
this:
soar - drop - remain unchanged - decline - rise - increase decrease jump - remain stable - climb - plunge - fall - plummet peak - rocket - fluctuate - level out
/
Soar
level out
plummet
B. These words describe the degree of change. Group them like this:
Gradually - suddenly - slowly - steadily - slightly - dramatically sharply - fast
n
+
____Gradually____
_______________
_______________
++
___________________
__________________
__________________
+++
___________________
_________________
_________________
NOTICE:
To describe trends we can combine just the verbs under the columns
() or () with the adverbs above. It is not applied to the verbs under these
columns: (), () or (/) because they are emphatic by themselves.
28
Now, look at these graphs showing the online book sales between 2007 and
2013.
29
A) Use the verbs and adverbs from page 29 to complete these sentences
related to the graphs on page 30. Follow the examples.
1) In the year 2007, book sales increased dramatically.
2) In June 2013 sales peaked to 120.000 units.
3) From 2009 to 2010, sales of the book remained stable.
4) Sales fluctuated between January and July 2013.
5) _________________________________________________________________
6) _________________________________________________________________
7) _________________________________________________________________
8) _________________________________________________________________
9) _________________________________________________________________
10) _________________________________________________________________
B)
Write these expressions under the graphs below.

a slight increase a sudden collapse
a dramatic rise
a steady decline a gradual rise
__________________
_________________
__________________
__________________
_____________________
__________________
30
Circle the correct word in italics.

Demand for Copper declined gradual / gradually over a period of
five years. At the same time there was a sharp / sharply increase in
competition among producers. This caused a slight / slightly fall in prices
throughout world market. The market grew sharp / sharply during the
years that followed. Competition, however, increased strong / strongly
and kept prices very low.
Look at this statement from Part A page 31.

Sales
increased
dramatically,
where
increased
is
the
_________________and dramatically is the __________________.

Can you guess the grammar rule?
_________________________________________________________
Look at this statement from Part B page 31.
A sudden collapse, where collapse is the ___________ and sudden is the
_______________. Can you guess the grammar rule?
_________________________________________________________
The verbs can be changed into nouns like these:
jump - rise - increase - decline - decrease - fall - drop plunge
The adverbs can be changed into adjectives like these:
gradual - slow - slight - steady - sudden - dramatic sharp
31
A. Listen to five managers describing the sales

of Fizzo. Complete the chart like this: (Track 05)
Area
United Kingdom
Profit
Sales
Reasons
Europe
America
Australia
Africa
Now listen again. Why did sales go up or down?
NEW TENDENCIES
Both employers and employees are Essentials components of every
working organisation.
Responding to changing circumstances, working conditions have
continued to develop.
Nowadays, it is not easy to find an employee who will remain at
his/her post, whether a factory, business or bank for his/her working
life. People often move on, attracted by better opportunities. On the
other hand, many others lose their jobs because nowadays a machine
can do the work of six people. The advance of technology is
astounding but knowledge has become increasingly vast and it is not
always accessible to everybody. Team work has turned out to be the
most efficient and intelligent solution; this technique enables a group
to improve its performance.
People learn to work together effectively and they combine efforts
to achieve a common goal. In business, as in other activities, the
convergence of opinions from different fields terms; it helps to solve
different problems, facilitating greater understanding.
Isolation is no longer part of the business world. Partnership,
communication and sharing are necessary elements.
32
Read the passage above and answer these questions in SPANISH:

1. Is it easy to find someone who works at the same post for his/her
working life?
__________________________________________________________
2. Why do people move on?
__________________________________________________________
3. Why do people lose their jobs?
__________________________________________________________
4. What technique enables a group to improve its performance?
__________________________________________________________
5. What is no longer part of the business world?
__________________________________________________________
33
EVENTS IN FACTORIES AND FIRMS

IN THIS UNIT YOU
WILL
Show visitors around a

company
Warn visitors of dangers
while in factories
Describe recent events
in a company
STRATEGIES FOR
LANGUAGE
LEARNING
Making predictions
Past Simple Tense:
Regular and irregular
Transferring
Verbs
information
Present Perfect Tense:
Word associations
Statements, Questions
Guessing meanings
and Answers:
from context
Matching
Skimming and Scanning has/have + V (p.p)
SKILLS TO DEVELOP
Listening: Messages on the
Phone, Warnings in a factory,
talking about events and
developments in a company.
Speaking: Giving warnings,
showing visitors around the
company, finding out about
company events last year,
reporting company events.
LANGUAGE FOCUS
WORD POWER
Warnings
Company
departments
Company Personnel
Company reports
COMMUNICATIVE
TASKS
Role-playing: showing
a visitor around the
company
Information gap:
Finding out about things
done at work
Writing: What have you done

this week?, completing notes
from a meeting.
Reading: Company reports,
technical extracts.
34
SAYING WHAT YOU HAVE DONE

A. You work for PackEx. Read and complete this memo your boss has sent
to you. Use the verbs in the box.
introduce
show
explain
arrange
PACKEX
International memo
To: Paul Gething
From: Diana Skinner
Date: Friday, 26 November 2010
I have to go to Perth on Monday and Tuesday, but Ill be back on
Wednesday. Henry Lee is arriving from the Hong Kong office on Monday
evening. Could you:
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
the agenda of the training programme.

him around the company.
him to the Training Manager.
a meeting with the Production Manager.
Please apologize for me and tell him that I will see him at the factory on
Wednesday morning. Thank you very much for your help.
Diana
B. Listen to Diana phoning Paul and thick in the box ( )

the things he has done. (Track 06)
C. Here is Pauls E-mail to Diana. Listen again and complete the message.
MAIL IN
Diana,
This is what I ______________ with Henry Lee. Mr. Lee ______________ last
night. I ______________ the programme to him this morning. After lunch, I
______________ him around the company. I ______________ him to the Training
Manager because he has benn in a meeting. The Production Manager is away, so I
______________ for her to meet Mr. Lee. I ___________ a message for her.
35
Simple Past
Present Perfect
We use the Present Perfect to say that an action
happened at an unspecified time before now. The
exact time is not important. We can use the Present
Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever,
never, once, many times, several times, before, so
far, already, yet, etc.
We use the Simple Past to express the idea that an

action started and finished at a specific time in the
past. We can use the Simple Past with specific time
expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last
week, when I was a child, at that moment, that day,
one day, etc.
I have traveled by train.

Joan hasnt studied two foreign languages.
A:
Have
you
ever
met
him?
B: No, I have not met him.
We saw a movie last night.

He didn't drink coffee yesterday.
Did you have dinner last night?
Yes, I had dinner last night.
No, I didnt have dinner last night.
A. Practice this conversation with a partner and check the use of the Present
Perfect and the Past Tense. Then translate the dialogue into Spanish.
1. a. Have you seen the new company video?
b. Yes, I saw it yesterday.
2. a. Have you met the new Personnel manager yet?
b. No, Ive just come back from holiday.
3. a. Has Deskprint sent us their new brochure?
b. Yes, it arrived last Thursday.
4. a. Have you read the financial report?
b. No, I havent had time yet.
5. a. Have you had lunch yet?
b. No, Ive been too busy.
36
B. Complete the text below with the appropriate tenses using the words in
parentheses
a) I can't believe I (get)
___________________ that apartment. I (submit)
________________ my application last week, but I didn't think I had a chance of actually
getting it. When I (show)_____________________ up to take a look around, there were
at least twenty other people who (arrive)_______________ before me. Most of them (fill,
already)______________ out their applications and were already leaving. The landlord
said I could still apply, so I did.
b) I (try) _________________ to fill out the form, but I couldn't answer half of the questions.
They (want)___________________ me to include references, but I didn't want to list my
previous landlord because I (have) _______________________ some problems with him
in the past and I knew he wouldn't recommend me. I (end) _________________ up
listing my father as a reference.
C. Complete this table of irregular verbs.

Infinitive
Be
Buy
Come
Past Tense
Was/were
Past Participle
Been
Done
Get
Go
Have
Left
Make
Meet
Put
Said
See
Sell
Spoken
Read
Take
Write
Tell
Break
37
D. Put these words in the correct order to make sentences giving news for a
company report.
1.
open / office / Seattle
Weve opened an office in Seattle__________________________

2.
close / factory / Atlanta
__________________________________________________________________
3.
start / exporting / Japan
__________________________________________________________________
4.
start / exporting / New Zealand / last year
__________________________________________________________________
5.
sell / food processing business / in February
__________________________________________________________________
6.
fired / 10,000 employees / in 2009
__________________________________________________________________
E. Put the correct name of these sings using the words in the box.
Hard hats area Electrical hazard First aid Kit Fire hose
Fire extinguisher
Eye protection Adjustable guard
Watch your step
____________
______________
______________ _____________
______________
____________
______________
_____________
38
A. Student A looks at File 01 and Student B looks at File 02.

File 01
You are a department manager.
You are away on business. It is Thursday evening. You
have asked your assistant to do these things while youre
away:
Make an appointment with Ms Jackson for next week.
Inspect the new factory.
Send some brochures to Ms Ball.
Write a report on the meeting.
Visit Mr. Franklin.
Talk to the Export department about new delivery

conditions.
Go to a presentation of the new product.
Have a meeting with the sales team.

Phone your assistant and find out if he or she has done
these things yet. If not, ask why, e.g. Why havent
you?
File 02.
Your boss is on a business trip.
It is now Thursday evening and your boss telephones you
to find out what you have done.
These are the things
youve done.
Monday
Inspect the new factory.
Visit Mr. Franklin.

Tuesday
Have a meeting with the sales team.
Write a report on the meeting.

Wednesday
Talk to the Export department about new delivery

conditions.
Thursday
Make an appointment with Ms Jackson for next week.

Your boss is sure to ask you about the things you havent
done.
Think of excuses, e.g. I havent had time yet.
Ive been too busy.
39
VISITING A FACTORY
A. You are taking a visitor on a tour of a factory. What would you say?
Match the situations 1-6 to a suitable expression.
1. The visitor has to wear a
badge
2. The visitor should sign
the visitors book.
3. The visitor must wear
overalls.
4. Ask your visitor to
follow you.
5. Ask your visitor to be
careful.
6. End the tour. Ask if the
visitor wants to see/know
more.
a. Please come this way.

b. Its a safety requirement
to wear them.
c. Could you sign the
visitors book?
d. I think thats
everything. Is there
anything else youd like to
see?
e. You need this for
security.
f. Please be careful!
B. Listen to Henry Lee, a visitor from China, visiting the PackEx factory.
Look at the situations and expressions in A and check your answers.
(Track 07)
Scrap Metal Separation May Become Less Costly

Recycling, or re-using, metals is much less costly than making them from raw materials in the
Earth, called ore. But when old cars, household appliances and industrial equipment are thrown
away, metals are mixed and often difficult to separate. So they are usually placed into landfills
without being separated.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency says almost 15 million tons of this scrap
metal is placed into landfills every year. Although iron and steel are easily separated with strong
magnets, other metals, such as copper, aluminum and titanium, are not. So products with a mix
of these metals are either sent to landfills or to other countries, where workers separate the
different metals by hand. But university scientists working with a private company say they have
created a very accurate method to separate these light metals, using a machine.
40
Don Eggert is the founder of O2M Technologies. His company worked with the University of Utah
to develop the metal separation technology. Mr. Eggert says the system is based on the
knowledge that all metals react to a strong magnetic field.
When the metal falls through the field, even (if/though) its non-ferrous, its not attracted to the
magnet, but the magnet causes there to be an electric current inside the metal, and that causes
the metal to have a magnetic field itself, which interacts with the magnetic field that its falling
through and pushes it to the side.
Mr. Eggert says changing the frequency of the magnetic field causes metal pieces to fall into
different containers.
So, for example, if we want to separate aluminum and copper we hit the right frequency for it and
the aluminum would push more (further) away from the magnet than the copper will. So the
copper falls straight down, (and) the aluminum falls into a different bucket.
Mr. Eggert says the separator is not costly to build. What we have calculated so far is that the
expense-to-value ratio -- that is, how quickly you can pay back the cost of the technology over
time -- were currently estimating it to be less than one year.
The separator works only with metal pieces up to one centimeter wide. But the researchers are
building a bigger magnet to separate larger metal parts. They hope to begin operating it at a
metal shredding center by the end of this year. There, they will be able to test it in a real-life
environment.
A. According to the text above answer in SPANISH the following

questions
1. What does raw material mean? Can you mention some raw materials?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. How can you separate iron from others materials?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. Do you think recycling is important? Why?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Here you will find some interesting exercises for improving your
skills.
http://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/new-exercises/ex1-pasado-simple/
http://www.efl.net/irrpasttense.htm
http://www.english-at-home.com/grammar-past-simple-tense/
41
INTERNATIONAL TRADING
IN THIS UNIT YOU
WILL
Practice terms to
express quantity.
STRATEGIES FOR
LANGUAGE
LEARNING
LANGUAGE FOCUS
Guessing meaning
from context.
Filling in blanks.
Word associations.
Discriminating
information.
Learn about imports

and exports.
SKILLS TO DEVELOP
Listening for
specific/general
information.
Speaking: Talk about
different countries and the
products they
import/export.
Expressions to talk about

mass quantity.
Describe past and present
perfect.
WORD POWER
Kinds of commodities,
industries and
services..
Count nouns.
Reading: skimming,
scanning, cognates, main
and supporting ideas.
COMMUNICATIVE
TASKS / CLASS
WORK
Information gap
activities.
Discussions.
Class work:
Individual.
Pair work.
Small groups
work.
Writing: to consolidate
previous knowledge.
42
IMPORTS EXPORTS
The buying and selling of goods between countries is called
FOREIGN TRADE. The goods we buy from other countries are called
imports and the goods we sell to other countries are called exports.
Some countries provide the rest of the world with perishable
goods: fruit, coffee, grain, meat, etc. Others provide minerals: zinc,
copper, aluminium, etc. Others are good at producing raw materials
such as cotton, rubber or oil.
While some countries excel in
manufacturing raw materials, others are also good at producing
technical equipment.
Each country has to import the goods and commodities it does
not produce, and it has to pay for them. It does this by exporting its
own goods.
The money that a country receives for its exports enables it to pay
for its imports. The BALANCE OF TRADE is the difference between the
value of the goods a country IMPORTS and the value of the goods it
EXPORTS. If the money a country pays out for imports is more than the
money it receives for its exports, the balance is UNFAVOURABLE.
The goods that are imported and exported are generally called VISIBLE
items. There are also a number of services that countries provide for
each other. These services are called INVISIBLE items. The BALANCE OF
PAYMENTS contains all the figures for all the payments, visible or
invisible, between countries.
As the importing and exporting of goods are subject to a number
of formalities, such as examinations by customs officers at ports of
entry and exchange control approval, exporters generally prefer to
transact business through an Export Merchant House.
Governments control international trade by applying tariffs (or
duties) and imposing quotas. A TARIFF is a tax to be paid on imported
goods and QUOTA is the maximum quantity of a product that can be
imported during a period.
(TRACK 08)
43
According to the text above answer in SPANISH the following questions:

1. What are visible goods?
_______________________________________________________
2. What is balance of trade?
_______________________________________________________
3. What is balance of payments?
______________________________________________________
4. What are exports?
______________________________________________________
5. How can a country pay for its imports?
_______________________________________________________
6. How can governments control international trade?
______________________________________________________
In the text there are several new words and expressions. Check () the
correct equivalent into SPANISH:
Perishable goods
Bienes perecederos
Bienes perdurables
Raw materials
Materiales de primera
Materias primas
Excel
Sobresalen
Sobreponen
Commodities
Comodidades
Mercancas
Figures
Cifras
Figuras
Customs officers
Oficiales de costumbre
Oficiales de aduanas
44
Match the industries in the box to the icons below. Write their names in the
blanks.
Textile / automobile / pharmaceutical / computer
Chemical / tourism / petroleum / agriculture
__________( )__________( )___________( )
__________( )
___________( ) __________( ) ___________( ) ___________( )
Now listen to an interview with a Mexican businessman. Are the industries

above in exports (E) or imports (I)? Write E or I in the parenthesis provided.
(Track 09)
45
Listen again and put in order these statements:
Look at this graph and do the exercise below:
Are these statements true (T) or false (F)?

South Korea imports:
1. a lot of electrical products.................._____
2.quite a lot of chemicals......................_____
3.only a few textiles.............................._____
4.only a little machinery......................._____
5.many agricultural products................_____
6.much iron or metal............................_____
46
Study these ways of talking about quantity.

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
How much...?
not any
a little
not much
quite a lot
a lot
COUNTABLE NOUNS
How many...?
not any
a few
not many
quite a lot
a lot
Now complete these conversations about Venezuela using words from above.
A: How much(1)does Venezuela earn from petroleum each year?
B: I dont know exactly, but Id say _________________. (2)
A: How _______________ (3) tourists visit your country each year?
B: I cant really say, but I think ___________________. (4)
A: Do you import ___________________ (5) coal?
B: No, ___________________. (6)
A: Do you export __________________ (7) cars?
B: No, ___________________. (8)
47
TALKING ABOUT IMPORTS AND EXPORTS

You want some information about the goods Cuba imports. Make questions
like this:
1. oil: ___How much oil do you import?___________________________
2. tractors:__________________________________________________
3. coffee:___________________________________________________
4. steel:____________________________________________________
5. textiles:__________________________________________________
6. wheat:___________________________________________________
Look at this chart and make some sentences about these exports. Use
the words in the box to help you.
a lot of / much / many / some / a little / a few
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
_____They export a few Aircraft___________________________

_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
48
Look at the chart and complete the paragraph.

Export earnings
Financial/
Insurance
Service 13%
Chemicals 6 %
Computer 5%
Petroleum 23%
Textiles 18%
Agriculture 20%
Tourism 15%
The largest export for this country is ___________________________ (1),

while the smallest is ___________________________. (2) Financial and
insurance services contribute _________________ (3), and tourism
contributes __________________.(4)
Fertile land and good rainfall,
together with a warm climate, make __________________________(5) a

major earner for the economy
(_________ %).(6) Suitable conditions for sheep and good cotton-growing
areas make _____________________ (7) the third largest contributor to the
economy.
Now listen and check your answers. (Track 10)
49
VENEZUELA ECONOMY AND OIL DEPENDENCY

by TejvanPettinger on March 3, 2015 in economics
A look at why the Venezuela economy is dependent on oil, why it did not do more to
diversify, and the problems of relying on a primary product like oil.
Firstly a few quick statistics on Venezuela economy.
Venezuela is an oil dependent economy. Revenue from petroleum exports accounts for
more than 50% of the countrys GDP and roughly 95% of total exports.
Manufacturing contributed 17% of GDP in 2006.
Agriculture in Venezuela accounts for approximately 3% of GDP, 10% of the labor force.
Why does an economy base its prosperity around one commodity?

Firstly, Venezuela is not unique. Many countries specialize in oil and then later come
to regret this specialization. I have a Russian student who is asking exactly the same
question Why did Russia not take the opportunity to diversify away from gas and oil. The
problem is that when oil prices are high, its tempting to take advantage of the high
revenues. Anything else seems much less profitable. Secondly, people may make the
assumption oil prices will remain high so they have plenty of time before needing to
diversify the economy.
If you have vast reserves, then in the short term, oil production offers the quickest
way to promote economic prosperity, higher tax revenues and higher government spending.
By comparison, at the time, manufacturing and agriculture will offer much smaller returns
and potential for exports.
In 2007, when oil prices were rising, the Venezuela economy was growing rapidly 7%
a year. With oil revenues, the government was able to begin ambitious spending programs.
Many in 2007/08 may have felt that high oil prices were likely to stay high. (I remember
reading articles which predicted oil prices of $200 a barrel. Very few were predicting a
collapse in prices to $40.
50
Read the above passage, then find the hidden words in ENGLISH.
B
Ganancias
Permanecer
Mas o menos
Rentable
Lamentarse
Petrleo
Producto
Productointer
nobruto
Parecer
Contar
According to the text above answer in SPANISH the following

questions
1. - What is the text about?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. - Write down 3 (three) main ideas from the text:
1._______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2._______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3._______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
51
FUTURE TRENDS
IN THIS UNIT YOU

WILL
STRATEGIES FOR
LANGUAGE
LEARNING
Learn and use ways to

express prediction of
future trends
Express
degrees
of
certainty
SKILLS TO DEVELOP
Listening:
Economic
predictions, Bob Green,
people talking about the
future 1, telecommuting,
people talking about the
future 2
Reading: Beyond 2010,
satisfied companies and
employees expand the
world of telecommuting
Writing: gap filling,
class survey, writing
your opinion about
topics
LANGUAGE FOCUS
Making predictions
Using language in
context
Will (forecasts and

predictions)
Expressions
ranging
from approx. 100% to
approx. 0% of certainty
COMMUNICATIVE
TASKS
WORD POWER
Vocabulary related to
economy
and
telecommuting:
Office,
company,
internet,
cost
of
living,
cash,
electronic
immigrants, etc.
Questions and answers:

finding
out
about
missing forecasts
Class survey
52
Match the words in the box to the illustrations.

food prices - petrol prices - housing costs - wages - unemployment
Economic predictions
1_________ 2_________ 3_________ 4__________ 5__________
1. Unemployment will fall next year.____

2. Wages will decrease next year...____
3. Housing costs will rise next year..____
4. Petrol prices will increase next year.____
5. Food prices will go down next year. ____
Now listen and check your answers. (Track 11)

53
Study these examples

will (forecasts and predictions)
Petrol prices
Unemployment
Wages
Food prices
Housing costs
increase
rise
go up/ down
decrease
fall
will (ll)
will not
(wont)
slightly.
slowly.
rapidly.
dramatically.
Read this paragraph and CIRCLE the correct tense in italics.
Here are our Economic Predictions for Next Year

Housing prices rise / will rise, and food prices increase / will increase as well.
There is some goods news this year, wages didnt rise / wont risevery much,
but next year wages go up / will go updramatically. Other good news is that
unemployment will go down / goes down and the price of petrol falls / will fall.
Listen to Bob Green, an economics expert, talking about

his forecast for the economy for next year. Do these
economic indicators go up () or down ()?Make notes of
the reasons he gives. (Track 12)
ECONOMIC INDICATOR
Inflation
Interest rates
Production
Exports
Imports
Investment
REASON
54
Match the words in the box to the illustrations.

smart cards / cash / service industries / electronic immigrants
information
__________
________
_________ __________
_________
Complete this article about the future with the words in

the box above.
BEYOND 2060
Computers have changed the way we live and work,
and in the future the rate of change is expected to
increase.
For example, no one will use
____________________(1) in the future, except for
very small transactions such as buying a newspaper.
Instead,
____________________ (2) plastic cards that contain a microprocessor
and a memory will replace cash, credit cards and most forms of
identification.
Its not only cash that will disappear. In the past, the most important
commodities have been things like oil, coal, metals and agricultural
produce. The most important commodity in many industries in the future
will be ____________________. (3)
By the year 2020, 95 % of jobs will be in ____________________ (4)
and will require workers who can use computers and other informationprocessing technologies.
These industries, including financial and
insurance industries as well as leisure industries, will continue to grow
while traditional industries become less important.
The
new
global
workers
of
the
future
will
be
_______________________. (5) These workers will telecommute over
great distances. It will be possible to work for a company in Kuala Lumpur
from your home in Venezuela!
Expressing certainty about future events
Im certain/sure it will/wont happen.
I expect it will/wont happen.
Its possible it will/wont happen.
I think /dont think it will happen.
55
Write your opinion about these statements

Reading
Your opinion
1. Cash will become

unnecessary.
I dont think cash will

become unnecessary.
Recording
2. Smart cards will

replace credit cards.
3. Information will be
the most important
commodity.
4. Many people will
work in service
industries.
5. We will all be
electronic immigrants.
Now tell your opinions to your classmates.
Now listen to a recording of

people talking about the future.
Write their opinions in the table
above. (Track 13)
56
THE NEW OFFICE?
Where would you rather do your work: a nice coffeehouse or a busy

office? More and more, people are able to do their work with a good cup of
coffee in the friendly environment of their local coffeehouse. With a powerful
laptop and mobile phone, it isnt necessary to be tied to a desk any more.
Next time youre out for a coffee, look around you. That man in the
corner could be an advertising executive writing an advertisement that youll be
seeing on TV in the near future. That woman in a dark coat talking to a man
could be discussing his pension. And the young woman typing away could be
finishing a business proposal! Its certainly a new world, and you could join it
more easily than you think.
According to a survey, 7.6 million Americans now work at home or away
from a traditional office. Many organizations realize that people like working
away from the office and are trying to create incentives to encourage more
people to telecommute. As well as making workers happier, it reduces pollution
as fewer people travel to work.
But its not a perfect life. One telecommuter, who finds he can
concentrate better in a coffeehouse than at home, complained about the lack of
electrical outlets. Another person at work on her computer said that she didnt
like to feel under pressure to buy something. Both admitted, however, that these
were minor difficulties compared with the problems they used to face in a big
office.
Coffeehouses provide the sense of community that the office used to
provide, but without the stress. They may be great places to relax, concentrate,
meet friends and business contacts, but they are business, too, and they rely on
customers buying their products. But where else could you get your work done,
enjoy doing it, have good company, great coffee, and all for less than the cost of
driving to work every day?
Complete with words from the passage:
a. If people work outside the office they will reduce_________________.
b. A coffee house is a friendly _________________.
c. People dont like to feel under __________________.
d. A _________________uses a laptop and his/her cell phone to do his office
activities.
e. Nowadays many __________________work at home or outside the office
57
Look for some words in this unit and then find the hidden words in
ENGLISH.
inteligentes
ms all
caer
ambiente
reemplazar
salarios
desempleo
intereses
efectivo
gasolina
confiar
According to the text above answer in SPANISH the following

questions
1. - What is the text about?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. - Write down 3 (three) main ideas from the text:
1._______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2._______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3._______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
58

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL EXPERIMENTAL DEL TCHIRA

Material de Estudio para uso exclusivo de Estudiantes de la UNET

Elaborada por Profesores:

2da Edicin: Marzo 2006

Luz Angela Caas

Luz Angela Caas

3ra Edicin: Septiembre 2006

4ta Edicin: Marzo 2007.

Luz ngela Caas

5ta Edicin: Septiembre 2007

6ta Edicin: Abril 2008

Luz Angela Caas V.

Luz Angela Caas V.

7ma Edicin: Julio 2009

8va Edicin: Septiembre 2010

9na Edicin: Abril 2015

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL EXPERIMENTAL DEL TACHIRA, UNET

El estudiante universitario recibe hoy da la influencia cientfica, tecnolgica, cultural y

Gua de Estudio Ingls 2. UNET

estrategias y tcnicas que le permitan desarrollar sus capacidades para la comunicacin

1. Expresar de manera oral sentimientos y actitudes en tiempos pretritos y futuros,

4. Comprender escritos de manera efectiva a travs de estrategias de comprensin

Gua de Estudio Ingls 2. UNET

A travs de trabajo de clase, tanto en grupo como individual, as como en trabajo

ENFOQUES EN LA ENSEANZA Y APRENDIZAJE DEL IDIOMA INGLS

El proceso de enseanza y aprendizaje en los cursos de ingls est dirigido a desarrollar

estructuras o formas de contenido libre para organizar la interaccin social en el saln de

Speaking: The communicative

Writing: To provide models of

Reading: The tasks for reading

Gua de Estudio Ingls 2. UNET

meanings from the context,

Vocabulary: To give learners the

To develop students skills for

To develop students abilities to

Los tests medirn las cuatro habilidades.

Gua de Estudio Ingls 2. UNET

Some and any

Give reasons for

Gua de Estudio Ingls 2. UNET

Future tense: Will

Gua de Estudio Ingls 2. UNET

Describe career and

Past Time: Past Simple

Guessing meaning from Regular and Irregular

Write a simple Curriculum

Listening about: Regular and

My first job was as

Gua de Estudio Ingls 2. UNET

A CV is a Curriculum Vitae. This Latin expression means

A. According to the text above answer in SPANISH the following questions

Gua de Estudio Ingls 2. UNET

B. Complete these sentences using the words from the box

If you want to ______________________ a foreign language, you must study a lot!

This is _______________________ information about the project.

Gua de Estudio Ingls 2. UNET

THE RIGHT PERSON

Self-starters, proactive, self-motivated, or self-driven: good at

working on their own.

Methodical, systematic and organized: can work in a planned,

Computer-literate: good with computers.

Numerate: good with numbers.

Motivated: very keen to do well in their job.

Signature: _____________________ Date:

_and dramatically is the __.