CHEM 200L - Expt #1 - 2D-MT - Group #2

SIMPLE AND FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION

Balawis, L., Baleta, D., Baluga, R., Baluyot, H., Barbo, J., Basa, A.
Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy
University of Santo Tomas
ABSTRACT
Distillation is the purification or concentration of a substance, the obtaining of the
essence or volatile properties contained in it, or the separation of one substance from
another by such process. Volatility is the ability of the substance to vaporize.
Distillation is commonly used to separate and compute for the percentage of ethanol
- the alcohol in alcoholic drinks - from water.
The experiment is divided into two parts, simple and fractional distillation. They
are very similar in many ways. They both try to separate mixtures, and use the same
equipment. The only difference is that the fractional distillation uses fractional column
or in other references fractionating column. It is packed with glass beads or boiling
stones to give the maximum possible surface area for vapor to condense on.
There are three processes involved in distillation, one is evaporation wherein the
liquid is converted to a vapor then the next process is condensing the vapor, and
lastly collecting the distillate using the test tubes.
A certain volume (20 mL) of vodka was placed on the pear-shaped flask with
boiling chips on a fractional distillation set-up and was heated constantly with an
alcohol lamp. A 0.50 mL of distillate was collected in every test tube until the
temperature reached close to 100oC. The first and last distillates were kept and its
flammability was tested. The first distillate was flammable meaning it has the
component,ethanol, while the last distillate inflammable thus, having the water
component after being purified. The volume of distillate collected by the end of the
distillation was 8 mL at 99oC, giving a percent ethanol of 15%

INTRODUCTION
Distillation
is one assembled
of the most
The
group members
the
used
methods
in
separating
Fractional distillation set-up, prepared
that
takes advantage
the
20mixtures
test tubes
calibrated
to 0.5 mLofmark.
boiling points.
Thismember
involvesof
In different
a pear-shaped
flask, one
liquid to20
vapor,
to
theturning
group,the
introduced
mL ofvapor
vodka.
liquid, and collecting that liquid or
distillate.
This is used for Another
many
Volume
(mL) Temperature
o
commercial
purposes
such
group as
( C)
distilled water
member
0.5
80 and kerosene.
The
goals
of
this
experiment
rotates the
1.0
80
are:
to
know
the
comparison
alcohol of
1.5
80
simple
and
fractional
distillation,
lamp
to heat
2.0
80
segregate
the
components
of
an
the
flask
2.5
80
alcoholic
beverage,
and
compute
for
until
the
3.0
80
the percentage of ethanol
in a
vodka
3.5
70
beverage.
started
to
4.0
80
boil.
The
4.5
80
other group
5.0
80
member
5.5
84
6.0
84
6.5
86
7.0
94
7.5
98
8.0
98

METHODOLOGY
recorded the temperature at the first
drop of the distillate in each test tube.
The collection of distillate ended when
the temperature reached about 99 oC.
The group placed 5 drops of
distillate from the first and last test tubes
on 2 watch glasses, then they checked
the flammability of each distillates.
Volumes of the residue and
distillate were also collected. A member
computed the percent ethanol and loss.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The recorded temperatures and
volumes above was graphed below:

% loss = 20mL (8.0 mL + 9.0 mL) x100

20mL
= 15%

CONCLUSION

The graph showed the relationship

between the temperature and volume of
vapor collected from the sample and an
increase in temperature for 0.50 ml of
collected
vapor.
When
the
temperature become constant and
eminent a constant slope in the
graph, it confirms the presence of
ethanol in the sample wherein it is most
concentrated.
In the flammability test performed,
in the first test tube where the ignited
match was applied, flame has been
seen. In contrary, the last test tube put
off the flame of the match applied.
After performing the flammability
test, the percent alcohol and percent
loss were computed:

% EtOH = 3.0mL - 0 mL x100

Ethanol is a widely known alcohol.

In the experiment, The Bar Vodka was
used to determine the percent ethanol
through fractional distillation. The
fractional distillation evokes that the
volume and temperature of the distillate
collected are directly proportional. This
means that when the volume increases,
the temperature increases.

Therefore, the percent ethanol

content is 15%. The percent loss is also
15%. This explains that there was some
part of the sample that was lost which
was caused by evaporation due to the
constant heating of the flask. The
percent loss also shows that there was
an excessive heating of the flask that
caused the rapid evaporation of the
sample.

REFERENCES:

20 mL
=15%

[1]Bathan,
G.I.,
Bayquen,
A.V.,
Crisostomo, A.B.C., Cruz, C.T., De
Guia, R.M., Farrow,F.L., Pena, G.T.,
Sarile, A.S. & Torres, P.C. (2014).
Laboratory Manual in Organic Chemistry.

Manila: C&EPublishing, Inc. p.13-14

[5] [No author mentioned]

[2] Helmenstine, A.M.

Distillation.http://www.pharmpedia.
com/Distillation. 7/22/12

WhatisDistillation?
http://chemistry.about.com/cs/5/f/bldistillati
on.htm7/22/12

[6] [No author mentioned]

Simple and Fractional Distillation.

[3] [No author mentioned]

Distillation. http://www.umsl.edu/~orglab/d
ocuments/distillation/dist.htm 7/22/12
[4]DrinksMixer.Vodka. http://www.drinksmix
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[7]https://www.scribd.com/doc/105189778
/Simple-and-Fractional-Distillation-formalReport