Answers to Worksheet 5 Chemical Bonding

Science(Chemistry) Theory Workbook Pg 36 to 45

Check It ( 37 to 39 )

1. C

2. B

10a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

3. D

4. A

5. B

6. A

7. D

8. B

9. B

calcium oxide and potassium chloride

carbon dioxide and methane
calcium oxide or potassium chloride ( any one, an ionic one )
carbon dioxide or methane ( any one, a covalent one )
helium ( a noble gas , is monatomic, as single atoms)

11a) C :( 2,4 ); O :( 2,6 ); Na :( 2,8,1 ); Si :( 2,8,4 ); Cl :( 2,8,7 )

b)(i) No. of neutrons = Nucleon no no of protons = 9 4 = 5
(ii) No. of neutrons = 28 14 = 14
c)
Beryllium and sodium (are metals, but, diamond does not conduct)
d)(i)
NaCl, sodium chloride
(ii) Na2O, sodium oxide
(iii) CO2, carbon dioxide or CO, carbon monoxide
(iv) Na2CO3, sodium carbonate (C and O forms the radical ion CO32- )
e)
Carbon dioxide is a covalent compound with a simple
molecular structure. It is made up of small molecules with
weak intermolecular forces of attraction between
molecules. Little amount of heat energy is needed to
overcome these weak forces. Thus, it has a low boiling
point and is a gas at r.t.p.
Notes: I.

Type of Bonding -

II.

Ionic

&

Covalent

Structure
Ionic compounds

Giant Ionic
lattice structure

Covalent substances
Giant molecular
(macromolecular)
structure

Simple molecular
structure

Practice Question ( Pg 41)

a)

Element
W
X
Y
Z

Proton
number
7
9
10
11

Nucleon
Number
14
19
20
23

Number of
neutrons
14-7 = 7
19-9=10
10
12

Electronic configuration
2,5
2,7
2.8
2,8,1

b(i)

Z. Metals usually have less than 4 valence electrons. Since Z

has only one valence electron, it is a metal and it tends to lose
its one outer shell electron to form a positive ion to achieve the
stable noble gas electronic configuration.

(ii)

W, X and Y. Non-metals usually have more than 4 valence

electrons. As these elements have 5 or more valence electrons,
they are non-metals and tend to gain electrons to form
negative ions to achieve the stable noble gas electronic
configuration.

(iii)

Y. It has a completely filled valence shell of 8 electrons.

C(i) X and X form X2

XX
X X X
X

XX

ii)

(X is non-metallic atoms, so two of it

will form a covalent bond to become
a diatomic molecule)

X and Z form ZX
+

XX

X X

X
X X

metal Z and non-metal X

forms ionic bond, metal atom
is named and drawn first

XX

iii) W and X form WX3

xx
x
x

x W
x

x X

x x

x
xx

x
x x

Both non-metallic W and

X atoms form covalent
bond.
Each W atom ( 2,5) needs
3 electrons while each X
atom ( 2,7) needs 1
electron to complete the
outer shell. So one W
atom bonds with 3 X
atoms by sharing
electrons.

xx

X x

x
x

xx
x
x x

xx
Test It ( Pg 42 to 45 )
56

Fe loses 3 es becomes 56Fe3+ or 2 es to become 56Fe2+ , no

change in no. of protons and neutrons)

1.

2.

3.

4.

( Both are negative ions since they have more electrons than
protons and are from non-metals )
( X : 3p, 3e (2,1) X is a metal forms X+ ion while Y : 8p, 8e ( 2,6)
Y is a non-metal,forms Y2- )
(low bp, so covalent, if Cl is non-metal, then Q must be non-metal)

5.

( particles can be ions, atoms or isotopes

R:p=e
atom

S:p>e
+ve ion

T:p<e
ve ion

V:p=e
atom

6.

( strong ionic bond ( electrostatic force of attraction between

7.

( correct one is Na3P since P( 2,8,5) gives P3- and bond with Na+ )

8.

( S (2,8,6) require 2 electrons and Cl (2,8,7) require 1 electron

a single line 2 electrons( 1 pair); double = 4 electrons (2 pairs))

xx
xx

x
x
x
S x S
Cl
Cl

ions in ionic compounds requires large amount of energy to

overcome)

xx

xx

9.

10.

( sodium fluoride , ionic compound ,made up of Na+ and F- ions in a

giant ionic lattice structure )
( There is covalent bond between N and H atoms in the ammonium ion
( NH4+) and ionic bond between the NH4+ ion and Cl- ion)

11a)
xx

-- electron of H
x electron of O

O
x

xx

b)
( one single bond (line) has 2 electrons)
Thus, total number of electrons shared = 5 x 2 = 10 electrons
12a)
c)(i)
(ii)
(iii)
d)

5
b)
4
10
( 6 x 1 ) + ( 4 x 1) = 10
(6x1)+(4x0)=6
Si ( 2,8,4) ; C ( 2,6)
Thus, there is increase of 8 electrons, so the new
molecule has 18 electrons.
13a) CCl4 and
PCl5
b)(i) BeCl2
(ii) SiCl4
c)
Neon and argon are both noble gases which have stable
electronic structures with completely filled outer shells and
so do not form bonds with other elements.
d) BCl3, OCl2, ClF, S2Cl2 and Cl2. Their boiling points are
below 300C.
e)(i) Lithium loses an electron to chlorine and forms lithium
ion. Chlorine gains an electron to form chloride ion.
The positive lithium ion is attracted to the negative
chloride ion forming an ionic bond.
(ii)
ClF is formed by covalent bonding between the two
non-metals whereby a pair of electrons is shared
between the chlorine and fluorine atoms.