THE ENGLISH TENSES

No.

JENIS TENSES

1.

SIMPLE PRESENT

2.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

BENTUK KATA KERJA

PENJELASAN UNTUK
KETERANGAN WAKTU

verb 1

EVERY DAY, EVERY WEEK, AT

NIGHT, ONCE A WEEK, ON
SUNDAYS, IN THE MORNING, etc.

am / is / are + verb ing

NOW, RIGHT NOW, AT THIS

MOMENT, AT PRESENT, THIS
AFTERNOON, THIS EVENING,
TONIGHT, THIS WEEK, etc.

KEGUNAAN
UNTUK
MENYATAKAN/MENUNJUKAN
-

3.

PRESENT PERFECT

have / has + verb 3

FOR, SINCE, TODAY, THIS WEEK,

RECENTLY, etc.
-

PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS

5.

SIMPLE PAST

6.

PAST CONTINUOUS

have/has + been + verb-ing

YESTERDAY, LAST NIGHT, A

WEEK AGO, THE DAY BEFORE
YESTERDAY, etc.

verb 2

was/were + verb ing

7.

PAST PERFECT

had + verb 3

8.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

had been + verb ing

INFINITIVE
be
do
work

VERB 1
Is / am / are
do / does
works

Keterangan :
VERB 2
was / were
did
worked

VERB 3
was /were
done
worked

FOR, SINCE, TODAY, THIS WEEK,

RECENTLY, etc.

VERB ING
Being
doing
working

YESTERDAY, LAST NIGHT, A

WEEK AGO, THE DAY BEFORE
YESTERDAY, etc.
(biasanya digabungkan dengan
kalimat simple past atau past
continuous yang dihubungkan oleh
WHEN, WHILE, AS dsb).
Biasanya digabungkan dengan
kalimat SIMPLE PAST Untuk
menunjukan urutan waktu
kejadiannya yang dihubungkan
dengan BEFORE, AFTER, WHEN.
FOR, SINCE juga digabungkan
dengan kalimat simple past yang
dihubungkan dengan WHEN.

Kejadian/pekerjaan yang merupakan

kebiasaan
Sesuatu yang merupakan kebenaran yang
bersifat umum.
Kejadian/pekerjaan yang sedang
berlangsung.
Kejadian/pekerjaan yang segera atau pasti
terjadi.
Kejadian/pekerjaan yang sudah
dan/selesai terjadi
(yang dipentingkan hasil atau akibat bukan
waktu tejadinya).
Kejadian/pekerjaan yang sudah dan
masih berlangsung sejak saat waktu
tertentu.
Kejadian/pekerjaan yang baru saja
selesai.
Kejadian/pekerjaan/kebiasaan, pada waktu
lampau

CONTOH

- I study every day.

- The world is round.

- She is typing now.

- He is coming here in any moment.

- I have already studied chapter 3 for two hours

Vera has been teaching in a

kindergarten for
5 years.

- I have been waiting for you since 3 oclock.

- I attended seminar last week.
- Notepad computers were not popular years
ago.

- Kejadian/pekerjaan yang sedang

berlangsung pada waktu lampau.

- I was reading when the phone rang yesterday.

- kejadian/pekerjaan yang sudah terjadi

sebelum kejadian/pekerjaan lain terjadi.

- He had locked the door before he left.

- kejadian/pekerjaan yang masih

berlangsung sebelum kejadian/pekerjaan
lain terjadi pada waktu lampau.

- The cat had been eating the fish when John

came.

No.

JENIS TENSES

BENTUK KATA KERJA

PENJELASAN UNTUK
KETERANGAN WAKTU

KEGUNAAN
UNTUK
MENYATAKAN/MENUNJUKAN
- Ramalan

Shall
9

} + infinitive

SIMPLE FUTURE

will
am/is/are + going to + infinitive

10

FUTURE CONTINUOUS

shall + be + verb ing

will + be + verb ing
would + infinitive

11

PAST FUTURE

was

} + going to + infinitive
were

12

FUTURE PERFECT

shall + have + verb 3

will + have + verb 3

13

PAST FUTURE PERFECT

would + have + verb 3

14

PAST FUTURE CONTINIOUS

would + be + verb ing

15

FUTURE PERFECT
CONTINIOUS

16

PAST FUTURE PERFECT

CONTINIOUS

TOMORROW, TOMORROW
MORNING, THE DAY AFTER
TOMORROW, NEXT WEEK, etc.
Juga dalam kalimat bersyarat
(CONDITIONAL TYPE 1)

- Janji
- Keputusan langsung
- Permintaan/suruhan (selalu dalam
kalimat Tanya)
- Kejadian / pekerjaan yang akan terjadi /
dilakukan
- Kalimat bersyarat (conditional type 1) yang
masih mungkin terjadi
- Kejadian / pekerjaan yang direncanakan
- Kejadian / pekerjaan yang diangap pasti
akan terjadi
- Penawaran/ajakan (dalam bentuk
pertanyaan)

CONTOH
- In the year of 3000, cars will run on water
instead of petrol
- I promise I will always come on time.
- A : I am so thirsty
B : I will get you a drink.
- Will you please shut the door?
- She will go shopping
- They will work in the field if it doesnt rain
tomorrow
- They government is going to raise the tax
next month
- It is very cloudy. It is going to rain soon.
- Shall I open the door?
- Shall we go now?

WHEN, AT THIS TIME, NEXT

WEEK.

- Kejadian/Pekerjaan yang kelak akan

sedang berlangsung.

- I will be watching tennis when you come

tomorrow

Digunakan dalam kalimat

pengaindaian
(CONDITIONAL TYPE 2);
YESTERDAY, LAST NIGHT,A
WEEK AGO, THE DAY BEFORE
YESTERDAY.

- Kejadian/pekerjaan yang pada saat lampau

akan terjadi atau direncanakan.
- Kalimat pengandaian (conditional type 2)
yang tidak mungkin atau kecil sekali
kemungkinan untuk terjadi pada saat ini.
- Permintaan halus (dalam bentuk
pertanyaan)
- Penawaran halus (dalam bentuk pertanyaan)

- Ardi was going to paint the wall when

suddenly it started to rain
- I would buy the whole island if I were a
millionaire

- Kejadian/pekerjaan yang sudah terjadi pada

waktu yang akan datang.

- The students will have taken the final exam

by the end of this year

By, Before the end of this year,

Next month, Next week, By the
end of this month.
Dalam kalimat pengandaian
(CONDITIONAL TYPE 3)
YESTERDAY, LAST NIGHT, A
WEEK AGO, THE DAY BEFORE
YESTERDAY.

shall/will + have been + verb ing

FOR TEN HOURS, BY THE END

OF THIS WEEK.

would + have been + verb ing

YESTERDAY, LAST NIGHT, A

WEEK AGO, THE DAY BEFORE
YESTERDAY BY THE END OF
THAT MONTH.

- Kalimat pengandaian (conditional type 3)

yang sudah tidak mungkin lagi diulang /
terjadi karena sudah lewat (pada waktu
lampau) .
- Pernyataan sebagai laporan atau yang
diceritakan kembali oleh pihak lain tentang
kejadian/pekerjaan yang pada saat itu akan
sedang berlangsung.
- Kejadian/pekerjaan yang akan sedang
terjadi atau sudah akan berlangsung pada
saat waktu tertentu di masa yang akan
datang.
- Pernyataan yang dilaporkan atau
diceritakan oleh pihak lain dalam waktu yang
serupa dengan di atas (No. 15).

- Would you please fill out the form?

- Would you like a lift to town?

- Nila would have left earlier if she hadnt

missed the bus (She missed the bus, so she
left a bit later).
- She said that he would be waiting for me at
the usual time.
- Brenda will have been studying computer
for a year by the end of next month.
- She said that she would have been studying
computer for a year by the end of that month.

- Ramalan

Shall
9

} + Infinitive

SIMPLE FUTURE

Will
Am/Is/Are + Going to + Infinitive

10

FUTURE CONTINUOUS

Shall + Be + Verb - ing

Will + Be + Verb - ing

Would + Infinitive
11

PAST FUTURE

Was

} + Going to + Infinitive
Were

12

FUTURE PERFECT

Shall + Have + Verb 3

Will + Have + Verb 3

- TOMORROW, TOMORROW
MORNING, THE DAY AFTER
TOMORROW, NEXT WEEK, dsb.
Juga dalam kalimat bersyarat
(CONDITIONAL TYPE 1)

WHEN, AT THIS TIME, NEXT WEEK.

Digunakan dalam kalimat

pengaindaian (CONDITIONAL TYPE
2); YESTERDAY, LAST NIGHT,A
WEEK AGO, THE DAY BEFORE
YESTERDAY.

By, Before the end of this year, Next

month, Next week, By the end of this
month.

13

PAST FUTURE PERFECT

Would + Have + Verb 3

Dalam kalimat pengandaian

(CONDITIONAL TYPE 3)

14

PAST FUTURE CONTINIOUS

Would + Be + Verb - ing

YESTERDAY, LAST NIGHT, A WEEK

AGO, THE DAY BEFORE
YESTERDAY.

15

FUTURE PERFECT
CONTINIOUS

Shall/Will + Have been + Verb - ing

FOR TEN HOURS, BY THE END OF

THIS WEEK.

16

PAST FUTURE PERFECT

CONTINIOUS

Would + have been + verb - ing

YESTERDAY, LAST NIGHT, A WEEK

AGO, THE DAY BEFORE
YESTERDAY BY THE END OF THAT
MONTH.

- Janji
- Keputusan langsung
- Permintaan/suruhan (selalu dalam
kalimat Tanya)
- Kejadian / pekerjaan yang akan terjadi /
dilakukan
- Kalimat bersyarat (conditional type 1)
yang masih mungkin terjadi
- Kejadian / pekerjaan yang
direncanakan
- Kejadian / pekerjaan yang diangap
pasti akan terjadi
- Penawaran/ajakan (dalam bentuk
pertanyaan)
- Kejadian/Pekerjaan yang kelak akan
Sedang berlangsung.
- Kejadian/pekerjaan yang pada saat
lampau akan terjadi atau
direncanakan.
- Kalimat pengandaian (conditional type
2) yang tidak mungkin atau kecil sekali
kemungkinan untuk terjadi pada saat
ini.
- Permintaan halus (dalam bentuk
pertanyaan)
- Penawaran halus (dalam bentuk
pertanyaan)
- Kejadian/pekerjaan yang sudah terjadi
pada waktu yang akan datang.
- Kalimat pengandaian (conditional type
3) yang sudah tidak mungkin lagi
diulang / terjadi karena sudah lewat
(pada waktu lampau) .
- Pernyataan sebagai laporan atau yang
diceritakan kembali oleh pihak lain
tentang kejadian/pekerjaan yang pada
saat itu akan sedang berlangsung.
- Kejadian/pekerjaan yang akan sedang
terjadi atau sudah akan berlangsung
pada saat waktu tertentu di masa yang
akan datang.
- Pernyataan yang dilaporkan atau
diceritakan oleh pihak lain dalam waktu
yang serupa dengan di atas (No. 15).

- In the year of 3000, cars will run on water instead

of petrol.
- I promise I will always come on time.
- A: I am go thirsty
B: I will get you a drink.
- Will you please shut the door?
- She will go shopping
- They will work in the field if it doesnt rain
tomorrow
- They government is going to raise the tax next
month
- It is very cloudy. It is going to rain soon.
- Shall I open the door?
- Shall we go now?
- I will be watching tennis when you come tomorrow

- All was going to paint the wall when suddenly it

started to rain
- I would buy the whole island if I were a millionaire
- Would you please fill out the form?
- Would you like a lift to town?

- The students will have taken the final exam by the

end of this year
- Nila would have left earlier if she hadnt missed
the
bus (She missed the bus, so she left a bit later).
- She said that he would be waiting for me at the
usual
time.
- Brenda will have been studying computer for a
year
by the end of next month.
- She said that she would have been studying
computer
for a year by the end of that month.