English Assignment

Computer Today

Member of group:
1
2

Gusniar Arimbi
Ilham Ridwan Santoso

M3116033
M3116035

Karunia Rachmawati

M311603

DIPLOMA III PROGRAM INFORMATICS

ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND
NATURAL SCIENCES
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
2016

COMPUTER TODAY
What is a computer?
A computer is an electronic machine that processes informationin other words,
an information processor: it takes in raw information (or data) at one end, stores it until it's
ready to work on it, chews and crunches it for a bit, then spits out the results at the other end.
All these processes have a name. Taking in information is called input, storing information is
better known as memory (or storage), chewing information is also known as processing, and
spitting out results is called output.
Once you understand that computers are about input, memory, processing, and output,
all the junk on your desk makes a lot more sense:

Input:
for example,
1. Keyboard
Keyboard (keypad) is a standard input device commonly used user (user)
computer to insert text, numbers, or ASCII code.
2. Mouse
Mouse is a pointing device or input device that is easy to use computer users. Its
like your hand on your device.
It are just input unitsways of getting information into your computer that it can
process

Memory/storage:
1

Hard disk drive (HDD)

Hard disk or hard disk drive (HDD) is a computer hardware that serves as a storage
medium. In a hard disk, there are more than one dish which serves to enlarge the
capacity of data that can be accommodated by the hard disk.

RAM
RAM or Random Access Memory is the hardware that hold data and instructions
performed by the processor. In contrast to the hard disk, storage in RAM is
temporary. So when the computer is turned off, the data and instructions stored by
RAM is lost / emptied except the computer in hibernate mode.disk drive (HDD)

Processing:
1

Motherboard
The motherboard is the circuit board that serves as the computer components such
as processor, hard drive, RAM and others. The motherboard itself in the form of a
main board PCB-shaped and has a BIOS chip, lines and connectors that serves to
connect each device.

Processor
Processor is an IC that controls the entire operations of a computer system.
Processor or CPU (Central Processing Unit) can be regarded as the brains of a
computer, as well as commanding duty calculating program that will be run by a
computer.

VGA Card
VGA or Video Graphics Adapter is a hardware device that functions to process data
graphics to be displayed by the monitor. VGA also has a processor which is called
GPU (Graphic Processing Unit).

Output:
1

Monitor
Monitor is the primary requirement, where the results of computer processing
shown (dispay) through a medium named monitor. Monitor which consists of a

pixel (picture element) makes it possible to reflect the image on the screen..
Printer
Its function is to print a document for personal benefit or a lot of people. Start of
text, images, and combined text and images.

Speaker
Speaker output device on a computer is a computer that serves to release the
results of the CPU in the form of sound or audio. Speaker will issue a sound is
played in the computer, either from the music player and video sound.

A computer is a device that accepts information (in the form of digitalized data) and
manipulates it for some result based on a program or sequence of instructions on how the data
is to be processed. Complex computers also include the means for storing data (including the
program, which is also a form of data) for some necessary duration. A program may be
invariable and built into the computer (and called logic circuitry as it is onmicroprocessors)
or different programs may be provided to the computer (loaded into its storage and then
started by an administrator or user). Today's computers have both kinds of programming.
In particular, when viewing the movies you should look for two things:

The progression in hardware representation of a bit of data:

1. Vacuum Tubes (1950s) - one bit on the size of a thumb;
2. Transistors (1950s and 1960s) - one bit on the size of a fingernail;
3. Integrated Circuits (1960s and 70s) - thousands of bits on the size of a hand
4. Silicon computer chips (1970s and on) - millions of bits on the size of a finger
nail.

The progression of the ease of use of computers:

1. Almost impossible to use except by very patient geniuses (1950s);
2. Programmable by highly trained people only (1960s and 1970s);
3. Useable by just about anyone (1980s and on).

The differences between first computers and

computers now
The first computer

The first
substantial computer
was the giant
ENIAC machine by
John W. Mauchly
and J. Presper Eckert
at the University of
Pennsylvania.
ENIAC (Electrical
Numerical Integrator
and Calculator) used
a word of 10
decimal digits
instead of binary ones like previous automated calculators/computers. ENIAC was also the
first machine to use more than 2,000 vacuum tubes, using nearly 18,000 vacuum tubes.
Storage of all those vacuum tubes and the machinery required to keep the cool took up over
167 square meters (1800 square feet) of floor space. Nonetheless, it had punched-card input
and output and arithmetically had 1 multiplier, 1 divider-square rooter, and 20 adders
employing decimal "ring counters," which served as adders and also as quick-access (0.0002
seconds) read-write register storage

Computer Today

A personal computer (PC) is a small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for

an individual user. In price, personal computers range anywhere from a few hundred dollars
to thousands of dollars. All are based on the microprocessor technology that enables
manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one chip.

What is a computer program today?

It was probably the worst prediction in history. Back in the 1940s, Thomas Watson,
boss of the giant IBM Corporation, reputedly forecast that the world would need no more
than "about five computers." Six decades later and the global population of computers has
now risen to something like one billion machines!
As you can read in our long article on computer history, the first computers were
gigantic calculating machines and all they ever really did was "crunch numbers": solve
lengthy, difficult, or tedious mathematical problems. Today, computers work on a much wider
variety of problemsbut they are all still, essentially, calculations. Everything a computer
does, from helping you to edit a photograph you've taken with a digital camera to displaying
a web page, involves manipulating numbers in one way or another.
Suppose you're looking at a digital photo you just taken in a paint or photo-editing
program and you decide you want a mirror image of it (in other words, flip it from left to
right). You probably know that the photo is made up of millions of individual pixels (colored
squares) arranged in a grid pattern. The computer stores each pixel as a number, so taking a
digital photo is really like an instant, orderly exercise in painting by numbers! To flip a digital
photo, the computer simply reverses the sequence of numbers so they run from right to left
instead of left to right. Or suppose you want to make the photograph brighter. All you have to
do is slide the little "brightness" icon. The computer then works through all the pixels,
increasing the brightness value for each one by, say, 10 percent to make the entire image
brighter. So, once again, the problem boils down to numbers and calculations.
What makes a computer different from a calculator is that it can work all by itself.
You just give it your instructions (called a program) and off it goes, performing a long and
complex series of operations all by itself. Back in the 1970s and 1980s, if you wanted a home
computer to do almost anything at all, you had to write your own little program to do it. For
example, before you could write a letter on a computer, you had to write a program that
would read the letters you typed on the keyboard, store them in the memory, and display them
on the screen. Writing the program usually took more time than doing whatever it was that
you had originally wanted to do (writing the letter). Pretty soon, people started selling
programs like word processors to save you the need to write programs yourself.
Today, most computer users rely on prewritten programs like Microsoft Word and
Excel or download apps for their tablets and smartphones without caring much how they got

there. Hardly anyone writes programs any more, which is a shame, because it's great fun and
a really useful skill. Most people see their computers as tools that help them do jobs, rather
than complex electronic machines they have to pre-program. Some would say that's just as
well, because most of us have better things to do than computer programming. Then again, if
we all rely on computer programs and apps, someone has to write them, and those skills need
to survive. When you use computer and internet, its like World in your hand, You can do
everything, everytime, everywhere. For example, you dont need go out from yout house to
buy somthing, because you can buy anything just from your phone or your computer.

Conclusion:

http://homepage.cs.uri.edu/faculty/wolfe/book/Readings/Reading03.htm
www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/personal_computer.html

http://searchwindowsserver.techtarget.com/definition/computer
http://www.explainthatstuff.com/howcomputerswork.html