Cell cultivations
Microbiology
the science which studies living micro-organisms too small to
be seen by the naked eye, which included bacteria, fungi, algae,
protozoa, and the infectious agents at the borderline of life that are
called viruses;
this concerns with their forms, structure, reproduction,
physiology, metabolism, and classification;
includes the study of their distribution in nature, their
relationship to each other and to other living organisms, their
effects on human beings and on other plants and animals, their
abilities to make physical and chemical changes in our
environment and their reactions to physical and chemical agents.
Department of Chemical Engineering
University of San Carlos
Microbiology
All biological systems, or Life itself, have the following
characteristics in common:
the ability to reproduce,
the ability to ingest or assimilate food substances and
metabolise them for energy and growth,
the ability to excrete waste products,
the ability to react to changes in their environment sometimes
called irritability;
and the susceptibility to mutation.
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Domains of Life
Major categories of life:
Animal kingdom
Plant kingdom
Protist kingdom
Types of cells:
Animal cells
Plant cells
Microbial cells
Types of microbial cells:
prokaryotic cells
eukaryotic cells
Department of Chemical Engineering
University of San Carlos
Evolution of microorganisms
Protist Kingdom
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Molds
Department of Chemical Engineering
University of San Carlos
Yeasts
Morphological characteristics
Chemical composition
Cultural characteristics
Metabolic characteristics
Antigenic characteristics
Genetic characteristics
Pathogenicity
Ecological characteristics
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Prokaryotic Cell
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Prokaryotic Cell
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simplest form
1 Cytoplasmic membrane; 2 Cytoplasm; 3 Flagella; 4 Glycogen granules;
5 Envelope; 6 Nuclear region/nucleoid; 7 Poly--hydroxybutyrate; 8 Pili;
9 Plasmids; 10 Polyphosphate granules; 11 Ribosomes; 12 Sulfur particles;
13 Cell wall; 14 Fat particles
Department of Chemical Engineering
University of San Carlos
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Department of Chemical Engineering
University of San Carlos
Cytoplasm
Surrounded by the cytoplasmic membrane
Contains water, nucleic acids, proteins,
carbohydrates, lipids, inorganic ions, & a
variety of low molecular weight compounds
Contains ribosomes
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Department of Chemical Engineering
University of San Carlos
Cytoplasmic membrane
Osmotic regulator
Site of respiratory and photosynthetic
energy generation
Analogous to mitochondria and
chloroplasts
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Department of Chemical Engineering
University of San Carlos
Cytoplasmic membrane
Contains many transport systems for
various mineral ions, sugars, and amino
acids
Site of several enzyme systems
mitochondria (in eukaryotes)
Transports wastes outward
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Plasmids
Small circular DNA molecules separate
from chromosomal DNA
Self-replicating
Carry only a few genes that confer a
selective advantage on the bacterium
harboring them the ability to build an
antibiotic resistance
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