Vertebrate

Circulatory System
Development and Phylogeny

 Introduction
Components
Patterns of circulation
Development

Phylogeny
Blood vessels
Aortic arches
Venous system

Heart

Vertebrate Circulatory System

COMPONENTS AND
DEVELOPMENT
Circulatory Circuit

 Blood
Plasma
Corpuscles

Blood vessels
Pumping organ:
heart

Components
Figure retrieved from http://encyclopedia.lubopitko-bg.com/Blood_Vessels.html

 Blood plasma
90% water
10% dissolved substances

Blood corpuscles/cells
RBC/erythrocytes
WBC/leukocytes
Platelets/thrombocytes
Figure retrieved from
http://cancerhelp.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/what-iscancer/body/the-blood-and-circulation

Blood Components

 Large
Artery
Vein

Small
Arteriole
Venule

Capillary

Blood Vessels
Figure 13-11 Ross M and W Pawlina.2012

Figure 12.1 Kardong K. 2012

Thickness of
Blood Vessels

Figure 13-14 Ross M and W Pawlina.2011

Blood Vessels: Artery

Figure 13-24 Ross M and W Pawlina.2011

Blood Vessels: Vein

Sources (L-R) Figure 12. 3 Kardong K. 2012 and

http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/summer2002/lect17.htm

Preventing
Backflow in Vein

Figure 12.4
Kardong K. 2012

Capillary

Figure 12.4
Kardong K. 2012

Hemodynamics of
Blood Flow

Heart

Sources (L-R): http://drugline.org/medic/term/parietal-pericardium/ and

http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy

Figure retrieved from http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy

Heart Wall and Covering

Patterns of Circulation
Source: http://ajplung.physiology.org/content/285/3/L501

Figure 12.7
Kardong,
K. 2012

Development of Blood and Vessels

Angiogenesis and Hemopoiesis

Development of Blood and Vessels

Figure 12.8
Kardong,
K. 2012

Development of the Heart

Figure 12.8 Kardong, K. 2012

Development of the Heart

Early Circulation

PHYLOGENY BLOOD VESSELS

Aortic Arches and Venous Stream

Figure 12.11 Kardong, K.2012

Basic Organization of Aortic Arches

Figure 12.12 and 12.13

Kardong, K.2012

Primitive Aortic Arch

Figure 12.15 Kardong, K.2012

Chondrichthyes Aortic Arch

Figure 12.15 Kardong, K.2012

Chondrichthyes Aortic Arch

Figure 12.14
Kardong, K.2012

Osteichthyes Aortic Arch

Figure 12.14
Kardong, K.2012

Amphibian Aortic Arch

Figure 12.16
Kardong K. 2012

Salamander Aortic Arches

Figure 12.14 Kardong K. 2012

Anuran
Aortic Arches

Figure 12.17 Kardong K. 2012

Reptilian
Aortic Arch

Figure 12.17 Kardong K. 2012

Avian
Aortic Arch

Figure 12.17 Kardong K. 2012

Mammalian
Aortic Arch

 6 pairs as basic number

1st pair reduced in chondricthyes or lost in
osteichthyes

1st and 2nd arch transitory in tetrapods

5th aortic arch lost in amniotes
Except some limbless squamates
6th arch branch the pulmonary arteries in
lungfishes and tetrapods

Aortic Arches

 Paired in the embryos

head and above the
pharynx
Paired in adult fishes and
gill-breathing amphibians
Paired as the internal
carotid arteries

Unpaired in the trunk

Continues to the tail as the
caudal artery

Dorsal Aorta
Figure retrieved from http://stepjourney.wordpress.com/page/2/

 Subclavian
From 3rd arch (birds)
or 4th arch
(mammals)
Branches
Axillary
Brachial
Vertebral

Somatic Branches of the

Dorsal Aorta
Figure retrieved from http://www.informatics.jax.org/cookbook/figures/figure97.shtml

 Subclavian artery
Vertebral artery
Not well developed in
birds and some reptiles
Forms the Circle of Willis

Somatic Branches
of the Dorsal Aorta
Figure retrieved from http://www.chw.org/display/PPF/DocID/48513/router.asp

 Vertebromuscular
Epaxial muscles, skin and
vertebral column

Parietal arteries
Intercostal
Lumbar and sacral

Iliac arteries
Femoral arteries - thigh
Propliteal arteries - knee
Tibial arteries shank

Somatic Branches
of the Dorsal Aorta

 Celiac artery
Cranial/superior
mesenteric artery
Caudal/inferior
mesenteric artery

Visceral Branches
of the Dorsal Aorta
Figure retrieved from http://quizlet.com/10709378/blood-vesselsexam-2-flash-cards/

 Cardinals
Anterior and posterior

Lateral abdominal
veins
Postcava
Pulmonary stream
Renal portal system
Hepatic portal system
Hepatic sinuses
Coronary veins

Venous Stream

Figure 12.21 Kardong, K. 2012

 Runs from the

digestive tract to
the liver
Develops from
the subintestinal
vein
Common in all
vertebrates
Figure 21.28 Tortora G and B Derrickson.2011

Hepatic Portal System

 Drains blood from

the caudal vein
Develops from the
subcardinal vein
Absent in
cyclostomes and
mammals

Renal Portal System

Figure retrieved from http://ajpregu.physiology.org/content/299/3/R723/F2.expansion

Figure 21.29 Tortora G and B Derrickson.2011

Pulmonary Stream

Fish Venous Stream

Figure 12.23 Kardong, K.2012

Amphibian Venous Stream

Figure 12.23 Kardong, K.2012

Tetrapod Venous Stream

Figure 12.23 Kardong, K.2012

Mammals
Figure 12.23 Kardong, K.2012

PHYLOGENY OF THE HEART

Figure 12.24 Kardong, K.2012

Basic Vertebrate Heart

Figure 12.25 Kardong, K.2012

Cyclostomes: Hagfishes

Cardiovascular System of
Hagfishes
Figure 12.25 Kardong, K.2012

Cyclostome: Lampreys
Figure 12.26 Kardong, K.2012

Fishes
Figure 12.27 Kardong, K.2012

Figure 12.28
Kardong, K.2012

Teleosts

Lungfishes
Figure 12.29 Kardong, K.2012

Figure 12.30 Kardong, K.2012

(a)Diagram of a typical amphibian heart

(b)Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) heart

Amphibians

Amphibians
Figure 12.31 Kardong, K.2012

Figure 12.32 Kardong, K.2012

Reptiles:
Turtles and Squamates

Air-Breathing in Turtles
and Squamates
Figure 12.32 Kardong, K.2012

Diving: Turtles
Figure 12.32 Kardong, K.2012

Chelonian/Squamate Heart

Crocodiles
Figure 12.36 Kardong, K.2012

Diving:
Crocodiles
Figure 12.36 Kardong, K.2012

Crocodilian Heart

Birds and Mammals

Figure retrieved from http://www.studentmidwife.net/fob/cross-section-of-the-human-heart.2008/

Fetal Circulation in Mammals

Coronary Artery

Coronary Vein

From the hypobranchial

arteries in shark
From the carotids in frogs
From the aortic trunk
leading to the right fourth
arch, or from the
branchiocephalic in
reptiles
From the base of the
ascending aorta in
mammals

Enters the left precava

and ventral abdominal
vein in frogs
Several empty into the
coronary sinus or directly
into the right atrium in
reptiles and mammals
The coronary sinus lies
on the surface of the
heart.

Coronary Vessels

Coronary Vessels
Figure retrieved from http://www.as.miami.edu/chemistry/2086/new-chap20/new-chapter%2020_part1-class.htm

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Components and Function

 Lymph
Lymph vessels
Lymph capillaries

Lymph heart
Lymphatic tissue
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic cisterns/sacs

Lymphoid mass

Components of the
Lymphatic System

 Jugular lymphatics
head and neck

Subclavian lymphatics
anterior appendage

Lumbar lymphatics
posterior appendage

Thoracic lymphatics
trunk, viscera of body
cavity and tail

Lymph Vessels

 Made up of striated muscles

Receive innervations but
can pulsates on its own
Found in the tail and empty
into the caudal vein of
teleost
Present in amphibians,
reptiles, and embryonic
birds
With One-way valves

Lymph Hearts

Lymph Node

Lymph Node Structure

Lymphatic Tissues

 Spleen largest
lymphoid mass
Other lymphoid masses
Thymus
Bursa of Fabricius of very
young birds
Solitary nodules (Peyers
patches) in small intestine
of amniotes
Mammalian tonsils and
adenoids

Lymphoid Mass

Lymphatic Mass
Sources: (left) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Illu_thymus.jpg and
(right) http://nfs.unipv.it/nfs/minf/dispense/immunology/lectures/files/adaptive_immunity.html

Sources:
(left)
http://myhomepage.ferris.edu/~griffida/anatomy%20online/h_atlas/bluehisto/gi2/peyers%2002x.html
(right) http://www.buckheadent.com/faq/Tonsils%20&%20Adenoids.htm

Lymphoid Mass

Phylogeny
of Aortic
Acrches
Figure 12.19 Kardong, K. 2012

Phylogeny
of the
Circulation
Figure 12.52 Kardong, K. 2012