NIM
: 13012029
TK-2107 Kelas 01
Tugas Mekanika Fluida
Soal-soal Buku Transport Processes and Separation Process Principles 4th oleh C. J. Geankoplis
halaman 110-112
2.2-1. Pressure in a Spherical Tank. Calculate the pressure in psia and kN/m 2 at the bottom of a
spherical tank filled with oil having a diameter of 8.0 ft. The top of the tank is vented to the
atmosphere having a pressure of 14.72 psia. The density of the oil is 0.922 g/cm3.
Jawaban :
Diketahui :
d=h
= 8,0 ft
39,37
8,0 .
=
3,2808 in
= 96,0010 in
o = 14,72 psia
minyak = 0,922 g/cm3
2,2046 103
0,922
.
=
6,1023 102
lbm / in3
= 14,72 psia +
32,1740
2
lb f . s
32,1740
= 17,92
kN/m2
14,696
= 123,54 kN/m2
Jadi, besar tekanan pada bagian bawah tangki adalah 17,92 psia atau sama dengan 123,54 kN/m2.
2.2-3. Head of a Fluid of Jet Fuel and Pressure. The pressure at the top of a tank of jet fuel is
180.6 kN/m2. The depth of liquid in the tank is 6.4 m. The density of the fuel is 825 kg/m 3.
Calculate the head of the liquid in m that corresponds to the absolute pressure at the bottom of
the tank.
Jawaban :
Diketahui :
h = 6,4 m
o = 180.6 kN/m2
fluida = 825 kg/m3
Ditanyakan : hfluida
Penyelesaian :
Tekanan total pada bagian bawah (dasar) tangki merupakan penjumlahan tekanan Po pada
bagian atas tangki dan tekanan yang disebabkan massa fluida di atasnya sehingga diperoleh :
Pdasar tangki = Po + fluida . g . h
kg
m
825 3 9,80665 2 6,4 m
= 180.600 N/m2 +
m
s
232379,112 N /m2
kg
m
825 3 . 9,80665 2
m
s
= 28,72 m
Jadi, h (head) untuk fluida tersebut yang sesuai dengan tekanan absolut pada bagian bawah
tangki adalah 28,72 m.
2.2-5. Measurement of Small Pressure Differences. The two-fluid U-tube manometer is being
used to measure the difference in pressure at two points in line containing air at 1atm abs
pressure. The value of Ro=0 for equal pressures. The lighter fluid is a hydrocarbon with a density
of 812 kg/m3 and the heavier water has a density of 998 kg/m3. The inside diameters of U-tube
and reservoir are 3.2mm and 54.2mm, respectively. The reading R of the manometer is 117.2
mm. Calculate the pressure difference in mmHg and pascal.
Jawaban :
Diketahui :
Sebuah manometer pipa U dua fluida dengan :
Ro = 0
R = 117,2 mm = 0,1172 m
A = 998 kg/m3
B = 812 kg/m3
C = 1,18 kg/m3 (asumsi densitas udara)
Pc = 1 atm =1,01325 N/m2
da = 3,2 x 10-3 m
dA = 5,42 x 10-2 m
2
Ditanyakan
Penyelesaian :
Untuk manometer seperti gambar di samping, perbedaan tekanan
antara pA dan pB diperoleh dengan persamaan berikut:
a
a
p A p B= ( RR o ) A B+ B C g
A
A
d
d
d
d
1
( A)2 C
4
2
1 ( a)
4
1
( A )2 B g
4
2
1 ( a)
4
A B +
p A pB =( RR o )
2
2
1
1
( 3,2 103 )
( 3,2 103 )
4
4
p A p B= ( 0,11720 ) 998812+
. 812
.1,18 9,80665
1
1
2 2
2 2
( 5,42 10 )
( 5,42 10 )
4
4
p A p B=217,03 N /m2
p A p B=217,03 Pascal
p A p B=217,03
760
mmHg
1,01325 105
p A p B= 1,63 mmHg
Jadi, perbedaan tekanan ( pA pB ) dalam manometer tersebut adalah 217,03 Pascal atau sama
dengan 1,63 mmHg.
2.2-7. Measurement of Pressure Difference in Vessels. In Fig. 2.2-5b the differential manometer
is used to measure the pressure difference between two vessels. Derive the equation for the
pressure difference p A p B in terms of liquid heights and densities.
3
Jawaban :
Diketahui :
Manometer yang digunakan untuk mengukur
perbedaan tekanan antara dua bejana adalah
seperti gambar di samping.
Pada titik 2 :
p1= p2
p A p B= ( C h2+ B h3 A h1 ) g
.
2.4-1. Shear Stress in Soybean oil. Using Fig 2.4-1, the distance between the two parallel plates
is 0.00914 m and the lower plate is being pulled at a relative velocity of 0.366 m/s greater than
the top plate. The fluid used is soybean oil with viscosity of 4x10-2 Pa.s at 303 K (Appendix A.4).
a. Calculate the shear stress and the shear rate using lb force, ft, and s units.
b. Repeat, using SI units.
c. If glycerol at 293 K having a viscosity of 1.069 kg/m.s is used instead of soybean oil, what
relative velocity in m/s is needed using the same distance between plates so that the same shear
stress is obtained as in part (a)? Also, what is the new shear rate?
Jawaban :
Diketahui
:
4
y = 0,00914 m
= 0,366 m/s
Penyelesaian :
Tegangan geser, dan shear rate pada keadaan tersebut dapat diperoleh dengan persamaan
=
v
y
v
dan shear rate y
0,366 m/ s
0,00914 m
soybeanoil =1,60 Pa
2
soybeanoil =3,34 10 lb f / ft
v
y
0,0366 m/ s
0,00914 m
1
40 s
v
=
y soybeanoil
soybean oil. y
gliserol
N
0,00194 m
2
m
v=
2
2
4 10 N /m . s
1,60
v=0,01369 m/s
Shear rate pada gliserol:
shear rate
shear rate
shear rate
v
y
0,01369 m/ s
0,00914 m
1
1,50 s
Jadi, nilai tegangan geser, untuk soybean oil pada keadaan tersebut adalah 3,34 x 10-2 lbf/ft2 atau
sama dengan 1,60 N/m2, sedangkan shear rate-nya sebesar 40 s-1. Sementara itu, laju relatif dan
shear rate masing-masing bernilai 0,01369 m/s dan 1,50 s-1 untuk gliserol pada keadaan tersebut
di atas.