Water Research Foundation

New Name
Name, Same Mission

Advancing
g the
science of water to
improve the quality
off life
lif

Foundations Contribution to the

Water Community
Practical applications
t help
to
h l utilities
tiliti optimize
ti i
operations and ensure
customer satisfaction
Early alert and
proactive solutions on
future issues
future
Direct, immediate
benefits to utility
subscribers

2010 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

WaterRF
Published Energy Projects
Best Practices for Energy Management
(2003) #90967A
Energy Index Development for Benchmarking
W t and
Water
d Wastewater
W t
t Utilities
Utiliti (2007)
#91201
W t Consumption
Water
C
ti Forecasting
F
ti to
t Improve
I
Energy Efficiency of Pumping Operations
((2007)) #91189
Risks and Benefits of Energy Management
g Water Utilities ((2008)) #91200
for Drinking
2010 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Energy Efficiency in the North

American Water Supply
I d t
Industry
Report on Project #4223

Water Research Foundation

Webcast
Vanessa M. Leiby
The Cadmus
C
G
Group, Inc.
October 7, 2010

AGENDA

Overviewoftheproject
Overview
of the project
BackgroundonenergyconsumptioninU.S.
Benefitsandbarrierstoenergyefficiency
fi
db i
ffi i
Bestpractices
Keyfindings
Resources
Questionandanswer

RESEARCH PROJECT
RESEARCHPROJECT
WaterResearchFoundationProject#4223
j
ProjectManager,LindaReekie

CofundedwithNYSERDA
KathleenOConnor
Kathleen OConnor

ResearchTeam
PI,VanessaLeiby,TheCadmusGroup,Inc.
y
p
Subcontractor,MichaelBurke,CH2MHill

PACMembers: RichardMetzger,MVWA;KevinFisher,
LVVWD;andSteveConrad,SimonFraserUniversity
d
d

InternationalResearchProjectheadedbyGWRC
NorthAmerica,Asia,Europe,SouthAfrica,andAustralia
North America, Asia, Europe, South Africa, and Australia

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

GOALSANDOBJECTIVES
Compile
Compilesuccessfulstrategiestohelpwater
successful strategies to help water
utilitiesreduceenergyconsumption
Reduceenergycostsforindividualutilities
gy
ReduceGHGe thatcontributetoclimatechange

Developacompendiumofbestpracticesand
p
p
p
casestudies
Report
Searchabledatabase
Presentations

PROJECT OUTCOMES
PROJECTOUTCOMES
Improved
Improvedunderstandingoftools,best
understanding of tools best
practices,andtechnologies
Easytousesearchabledatabaseofbest
Easy to use searchable database of best
practices
Casestudyexamplesandlessonslearned
C
d
l
dl
l
d
Approachestoenergyefficiency
RelevancyoffindingstoNewYorkstate

CASE STUDY LOCATIONS

CASESTUDYLOCATIONS

CASE STUDY UTILITIES

CASESTUDYUTILITIES

AmericanWater,NJ
e ca
ate , J
AnnArborWaterTreatmentServices,MI
Austin Water Utility, TX
AustinWaterUtility,TX
CedarRapidsWaterDepartment,IA
Cleveland Water Division OH
ClevelandWaterDivision,OH
ColumbusWaterWorks,GA
Las Vegas Valley Water District NV
LasVegasValleyWaterDistrict,NV
MetroVancouver/GreaterVancouverWater
District, BC, CN
District,BC,CN

CASE STUDY UTILITIES

CASESTUDYUTILITIES

MohawkValleyWaterAuthority,NY
Mohawk
Valley Water Authority NY
MonroeCountyWaterAuthority,NY
NewJerseyAmericanWater,NJ
i
QueensburyWaterDistrict,NY
SuffolkCountyWaterAuthority,NY
Village of Waterloo NY
VillageofWaterloo,NY
WestBasinMunicipalWaterDistrict,CA

BACKGROUND
$4
$4billionspentannuallyinU.S.inthewater
billion spent annually in U.S. in the water
sectoronenergy
3%ofU.S.energyconsumption
56billionkilowatthours(kWh)
44.8milliontonsgreenhousegas

BACKGROUND
DW
DWandWWtreatmentconsume30
and WW treatment consume 30 60%of
60% of
energyusedbymunicipalities
80 90%ofwatertreatment
plantenergyconsumptiongoestopumping
Energyefficiencycouldbeimprovedby10
30%

AVERAGE ENERGY CONSUMPTION

AVERAGEENERGYCONSUMPTION
Typical energy breakdown for urban drinking water
supply (AwwaRF 2008)
Source

Treatment

100 kWh/MG

Distribution

250 kWh/MG

Tap

1,150 kWh/MG

ENERGY COSTS ARE INCREASING

ENERGYCOSTSAREINCREASING
Installingnewtechnologies
g
g
Droughtandclimatechange
Aginginfrastructure
Growthandsystemexpansion
Increaseddemand

BENEFITS OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY

BENEFITSOFENERGYEFFICIENCY
ReducedGHGemissions
R d d GHG
i i
Lessstrainoncurrentenergygrid
Meetnewstateenergyreductiontargets
Financialsavings/reinvestment
Financial savings/reinvestment

New/bettertreatment
Distributionsystem/infrastructureupgrades

Environmentalstewardship
p
Improvedcustomerrelations

POTENTIAL ENERGY SAVINGS

POTENTIALENERGYSAVINGS
Potentialsavingsof1030%arereadilyachievable
Waterfacilitiescansave
1015%throughloadshifting
5
515%
15%throughVFDsandpremiumefficiencymotors
through VFDs and premium efficiency motors
1020%throughprocessoptimizationandSCADA

Installingmetersandmonitoring
ll
d
systemscansave10%

POTENTIAL BARRIERS
POTENTIALBARRIERS
Operationalbarriers
O
ti
lb i
Institutionalbarriers
Institutional barriers
Politicalbarriers
Political barriers
Regulatorybarriers
g
y
Financialbarriers

STEPS FOR ENERGY PROGRAM

STEPSFORENERGYPROGRAM
Commit
Promote

Baseline

Evaluate

Identify

Change
g

Quantifyy

BEST PRACTICES
BESTPRACTICES

ManagementTools
Management
Tools
PlantImprovementsandOperationalChanges
Water Treatment
WaterTreatment
WaterDistribution
W t C
WaterConservation
ti
Alternative/RenewableEnergySources
FinancialAssistance
Partnerships

BESTENERGYPRACTICES:
MANAGEMENTTOOLS
B h
Benchmarking
ki
EnergyAudits
EnergyManagementSystems
EWQMS

PLANTIMPROVEMENTSAND
OPERATIONALCHANGES
Lighting&
HVAC

FuelEfficient
Vehicles

SCADA

Rate
Structures

Forecasting&
Forecasting
&
LoadDemand
Profiles

Longrange
Planning

BEST ENERGY PRACTICES: HVAC

BESTENERGYPRACTICES:HVAC
Greatestopportunitiesatdesignphase
pp
g p
latestsystemscanreduceenergy
y
gy
use1040%
High efficiency AC can reduce cooling loads by 3040%
HighefficiencyACcanreducecoolingloadsby3040%

Controls can reduce energy use by 1020%

Controlscanreduceenergyuseby10
20%

Regularcleaningofairfilterscanlowerenergyusebyasmuchas20%
g
g
gy
y
Programmablethermostats,ventilationfans,insulatedbuilding,low
emittance windows,reflectivecoatingonbuildingroof
windows reflective coating on building roof

BEST ENERGY PRACTICES: LIGHTING

BESTENERGYPRACTICES:LIGHTING
Lightingaccountsfor3545%ofabuildingsenergyuse;uses2%ofaplants
g
g
g
gy
;
p
totalelectricityload
Occupancysensorscanreducelighting1020%withaveragepaybackperiod
of1year
Upgradeincandescentlightswithfluorescentsystems last10xlonger,3x
moreeffective,use2030%lesswattagethanconventional
ff i
20 30% l
h
i
l
ReplaceT12withT8lampswhichareupto34%moreenergyefficient
p
p
p
gy
Replacemercurylightswithmetalhalideorhighpressuresodium yield50%
energy savings
energysavings

CASESTUDY CEDARRAPIDSWATER
DEPARTMENT,IA
Background
Populationof125,000;waterdemandaverageis38.1
p
,
;
g
MGD
75%(28MGD)isforindustrialcustomers
Energymanagementprogrambeganinearly1990s

Energy Usage Althoughaveragewaterdemandhas

EnergyUsage
Although average water demand has
increased27%since1993;energyconsumptionhasonly
increased8%from21.4millionkWhto23.3millionkWh

CASESTUDY CEDARRAPIDSWATER
DEPARTMENT,IA
Actions Taken
ActionsTaken
Industrialmonitoringofwateruse
g
Monitoringandmanagementofpeakdemandpower
Realtimemonitoringofpowerusage
Trackingandanalyzingelectricusage
T ki
d
l i
l ti
Useofvariablespeed/frequencydrivesforhighserviceand
boosterpumpstations
ParticipationinAlliantEnergysinterruptibleprogram
Participationinthecitywideenergymanagementsystem

CASESTUDY CEDARRAPIDSWATER
DEPARTMENT,IA

CASESTUDY CEDARRAPIDSWATER
DEPARTMENT,IA

R l
Results
Savingsof$150,000/yrthroughAlliant
Savings of $150 000/yr through Alliant
EnergysPowerFactorandInterruptibleRate
Programs
g
Savingsof$15,000/yrthroughpeakdemand
monitoringg
Efficiencyofnewpumpingstationoffset
$30,000/yr in increased energy costs
$30,000/yrinincreasedenergycosts

WATER TREATMENT
WATERTREATMENT
RiverBank
Filtration

SlowSand
Filtration

Direct
Filtration

Conventional
Filtration

Diatomaceous
E h Fil
EarthFiltration
i

Hydraulic
Fl
Flocculation
l i

Polyacrylamide
Chl id
Chloride

Air Stripping
AirStripping

Membranes

Ozone

Ultraviolet
Disinfection

Desalination

BESTENERGYPRACTICES:WATER
TREATMENT
Optimi e c rrent treatment practices
Optimizecurrenttreatmentpractices

Focus on backwashing using air scour or surface wash technologies

Focusonbackwashing,usingairscourorsurfacewashtechnologies

Use gravity where you can

Usegravitywhereyoucan
CarefullyevaluatemembranesandUVlampstomatchtreatmentneedswith
the best energy efficiency option
thebestenergyefficiencyoption.
ConsiderRiverBankFiltrationasapretreatmentoptionforsurfacewater
systems

WATER DISTRIBUTION
WATERDISTRIBUTION
Hydraulic
Modeling

Pumps

Post
Flocculation

Distribution
SystemPiping

Motors

Variable
Frequency
Frequency
Drives

PRVs&Inline
Turbines

BESTENERGYPRACTICES:PROPER
EQUIPMENTSIZING
Match pumps to intended duty
Matchpumpstointendedduty
Designsystemswithlowercapacityandtotalheadrequirements
Wherepumpsaredramaticallyoversized,reducespeedwithgear,beltdrives,
slowermotorspeed,ortrimmingimpellers
Usetwosmallerpumpsinsteadofonelargerpumpsoexcesspumpcapacity
canbeturnedoff
b
d ff
UseVFDstomatchspeedtoloadrequirementsforpumps
Correctlysizepipes
Automate controls
Automatecontrols

BESTENERGYPRACTICES:PUMPS,
MOTORS,ANDVFDS
Variablefrequencydrives(VFDs)canoffermotorenergysavings
between1050%withpaybackof18years
Eliminatepumpdischargethrottling savingscanbeasgreatas
50% of pumping energy
50%ofpumpingenergy
Collectproperdataandcreateapumpcurve,properlymaintain
pumps
Motormaintenancesavingscanrange230%oftotalmotor
systemenergy
Replace standard efficiency motors with premium efficiency
Replacestandardefficiencymotorswithpremiumefficiency
motorswhenstandardare5+yearsoldandrun75%oftime
Premiumefficiencymotorsare210%moreefficientthan
standard motors
standardmotors

CASESTUDY MONROECOUNTY
WATERAUTHORITY,NY
Background
2,500milesofmajortransmissionanddistribution
,
j
mains
34boosterpumpstations
45finishedstoragefacilities
145milliongalloncapacity

EnergyCosts=$4million/year(3540%of
O&Mbudget)

CASESTUDY MONROECOUNTY
WATERAUTHORITY,NY
ActionsTaken
InstalledVFD
Installed VFD
Evaluatedpumpcurvestodetermineefficiency
Refurbished,sandblasted,andcoatedinteriorsofpumpcasings

Results
PriortoVFD,systemused590kW/monthcosting$278,000/yr
Prior to VFD, system used 590 kW/month costing $278,000/yr
AfterVFD,usereducedto360kW/monthatacostof
$255,000/yr,saving$23,000/yr

CASESTUDY MONROECOUNTY
WATERAUTHORITY,NY
PumpCurves
Modeledandfieldtestedperformanceof100pumps
Operatingatupto20%belowoptimumefficiency

BestEfficiencyPoint
TheBestEfficiencyPointisthepointatwhich
The
Best Efficienc Point is the point at hich
effectsofhead(pressure)andflowconvergeto
producethegreatestamountofoutputforthe
leastamountofenergy.

CASESTUDY MONROECOUNTY
WATERAUTHORITY,NY
OverhauledPumps
Refurbishingpumpsimprovedperformance
Sandblastingandcoatingpumpsincreasedefficienciesmore
than8%
Onceallpumpsrefurbishedsavingswillbeseveralhundred
Once all pumps refurbished savings will be several hundred
thousanddollarsperyear

WATER CONSERVATION
WATERCONSERVATION
SupplySide
LeakDetection
Metering
AlternateSupply
Alternate Supply

DemandSide

WaterLossAudits
EPAsWaterSense Program
Metering
WaterEfficientDevices
CommercialandIndustrialEfficiency
AlternateSupply
Conservation Rate Structure
ConservationRateStructure

BESTENERGYPRACTICES:WATER
EFFICIENCY&CONSERVATION
Water saved is energy saved
Watersavedisenergysaved
Averagewaterloss1020%
Leakdetectionandrepair/replacement
Accuratemetering
Promotingconservationwithconsumers(rebates,homeaudits,etc.)
(
)
Managehighvolumeusers

CASESTUDY WESTBASINMUNICIPAL
a
WATERDISTRICT,CA
B k
Background
d
Establishedin1947;memberagencyoftheMetropolitanWaterDistrict
of Southern California (MWD)
ofSouthernCalifornia(MWD).
Purchasestreatedimportedwater(65%)fromtheMWDandwholesales
tocities,investorownedutilities,andprivatecompaniesinsouthwest
LosAngelesCounty.
g
y
WestBasinsserviceareaincludes17citieswithanaveragedemandof
205,000acrefeetofwaterannually.

E
EnergySavings
S i
Projectsprogramswillreduceenergy
requirementsby14%orby60,263,415kWh/yrandsaveover
22,000tonsofCO22 emissions/yr

CASESTUDY WESTBASINMUNICIPAL
WATERDISTRICT,CA
A ti
ActionsTaken
T k
Buildingastateoftheartwaterrecyclingtreatmentfacility.
Since1995,over100billiongallonsofrecycledwaterhas
beendistributed
Partnering with South Bay Environmental Services Center to
to
PartneringwithSouthBayEnvironmentalServicesCenter
leverageenergyefficiencyandwaterconservationprograms
Implementingconservationandpartnershipprograms
Installinga35,156sf photovoltaicsolarpowergenerating
systemthattakes10%offthepeakpowerdemands
g
p
g p
Testingoceanwaterdesalinationprocessthroughapilot
facilitytoenhancethefuturewatersupply

CASESTUDY WESTBASINMUNICIPAL
WATERDISTRICT,CA
Results
BetweenJanuary2007andJuly2009,thephotovoltaic
solarpowersystemproducedapproximately2.21GWh
ofenergyandreducedcarbondioxideemissionsby
1,173 tons, resulting in an estimated $220,000 in
1,173tons,resultinginanestimated$220,000in
energycostsavings.
Conservationandpartnershipprogramshaveconserved
over17,000acrefeetofwaterandachievedenergy
17 000
f
f
d hi d
savingsof72GWh between1990and2008.

ALTERNATIVE/RENEWABLEENERGY
SOURCES
SolarPower
WindTurbines
Geothermal
Lake/OceanWaterCooling
MicroHydroGeneration

CASESTUDY MOHAWKVALLEY
WATERAUTHORITY,NY
Background
Surfacewatersystem;protectedwatershed
y
;p
Systemisgravityfed
Produced6.5billiongallonsin2008withanaverage
of18MGD

EEnergyCost=$390,000/yrforelectricityand
C t $390 000/ f
l t i it
d
$54,000/yrfornaturalgas

CASESTUDY MOHAWKVALLEY
WATER AUTHORITY NY
WATERAUTHORITY,NY
ActionsTaken
In1992installedtwohydroturbines
In 1992 installed two hydroturbines oneupstreamandone
one upstream and one
downstreamoftreatmentplant
Conductedastudyin2009toevaluatefeasibilityofadding
more hydroturbines:
morehydroturbines:
ReplaceexistingPRVs
Operateastoragetankpump

CASESTUDY MOHAWKVALLEY
WATERAUTHORITY,NY
Results
Hydroturbines attreatmentplantgenerate450kW
andpowerthreeblowersattheplant;savings=
d
h
bl
h l
i
$120,000/yr
Hydroturbine atstoragetanksizedtoprovide
at storage tank sized to provide
approximately25kWofpoweror202,000kWh/yrto
meetthepowerrequirementsoftherecirculation
pump;savings=$39,794/yr
i
$39 94/
ReplacingPRVswillgeneratepowerthatcanbesold
and will save over $28 000/yr
andwillsaveover$28,000/yr

FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
FINANCIALASSISTANCE
DWSRFandCWSRF
DWSRF and CWSRF
ARRAGPR
FinancialIncentives
i
i l
i
Stateprograms
Electricandpowerutilities

StateFundingPrograms
EnergyPerformanceContracting

FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
FINANCIALASSISTANCE
DWSRF
Fundsbillionsindrinkingwaterinfrastructure,
projects,andassistanceeachyear
20%GPR(loanandsetasideassistance)
(
)

Greeninfrastructure
Waterefficiency
Energyefficiency
Environmentallyinnovativeprojects
ll

EPADWSRFhttp://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwsrf
EPACWSRFandDWSRF20%GPRguidance
http://www.epa.state.il.us/water/financial
assistance/publications/greenprojectreserve
guidance.pdf

PARTNERSHIPS
FederalGovernment
F d lG
t
StateGovernments
State Governments
Universities
EnergyandWaterProviders
TradeAssociationsandOtherBusinessNetworks

PROJECT FINDINGS
PROJECTFINDINGS

Allsystemscanimproveenergyefficiency
All
systems can improve energy efficiency
Benchmarkingandenergyauditsarekeytools
SCADA and monitoring systems are good tools
SCADAandmonitoringsystemsaregoodtools
Optionstogeneratepowerarelimited
W t
Waterefficiency=energyefficiency
ffi i
ffi i
Fundingsourceareavailable
Energyefficiencyisnotwithoutrisksortrade
offsinwaterqualityorpublichealth

RESOURCES
WaterResearchFoundation
http://www.waterresearchfoundation.org/
NYSERDAhttp://www.nyserda.org
EPAENERGYSTARhttp://www.energystar.gov
EPA ENERGY STAR http://www energystar gov
EPAGreenPowerPartnershipshttp://www.epa.gov/greenpower
EPAWaterSense http://www.epa.gov/watersense
AWWAWaterWiser
http://www.awwa.org/Resources/Waterwiser.cfm?navItemNumber
=1516
1516
ConsortiumforEnergyEfficiencyhttp://www.cee1.org
CaliforniaEnergyCommissionhttp://www.energy.ca.gov/
AlliancetoSaveEnergyhttp://www.ase.org

RESOURCES
AllianceforWaterEfficiency
http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org
//
CaliforniaUrbanWaterConservationCouncil
http://www.cuwcc.org
NationalRegulatoryResearchInstitute
http://www.nrri.org
ElectricPowerResearchInstitute
Electric Power Research Institute
http://my.epri.com/portal/server.pt?
DOEsEnergyEfficiencyandRenewableEnergy
Clearinghouse http://www eere energy gov
Clearinghousehttp://www.eere.energy.gov
USGBCandLEEDprogramhttp://www.usgbc.org;
http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CategoryID=19

RESOURCES
EPAClimateLeadershipPartnerProgram
http://www.epa.gov/stateply
//
/
EPADrinkingWaterStateRevolvingFund
http://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwsrf
AmericanWaterWorksAssociation(AWWA)
http://www.awwa.org
DatabaseforStateIncentivesforRenewables
Database for State Incentives for Renewables andEfficiency
and Efficiency
(DSIRE)http://www.dsireusa.org
EnsuringaSustainableFuture:AnEnergyManagement
Guidebook for Wastewater and Water Utilities, USEPA
GuidebookforWastewaterandWaterUtilities,USEPA
http://www.epa.gov/waterinfrastructure/pdfs/guidebook_s
i_energymanagement.pdf
U.S.DepartmentofEnergyhttp://www.doe.gov
U S Department of Energy http://www doe gov

RESOURCES
IowaAssociationofMunicipalUtilitieshttp://iamuis
svr01.iamu.org/wwcat
01 i
/
t
PumpSystemImprovementModelingTool
http://www.pumpsystemsmatter.org
USEPARegion9Website
USEPA Region 9 Web site
http://www.epa.gov/region09/waterinfrastructure/benchm
ark.html
LeanandEnergyToolkithttp://www.epa.gov/lean
Lean and Energy Toolkit http://www.epa.gov/lean
CECenergyaudit
http://www.energy.ca.gov/reports/efficiency_handbooks/i
ndex html
ndex.html.
EPRI EnergyAuditManualforWater/WastewaterFacilities
http://www.cee1.org/ind/motsys/ww/epriaudit.pdf

RESOURCES
EPAPortfolioManager
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=evaluate_perform
//
/
ance.bus_portfoliomanager
DOEinformationonvariousalternativefuels
http://www.fueleconomy.gov and
http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/fleets/index.html
DOEfreesoftwareprogram,thePumpingSystem
AssessmentTool (PSAT)
http://www.pumpsystemsmatter.org/content_detail.aspx?i
d=112
DOE1*2*3ApproachtoMotorManagementresourcetool
toassistwithmotorrepair/replacedecisions
http://www.motorsmatter.org/

RESOURCES
DOEsMotorMaster+International program
http://www.eere.energy.gov/Industry/bestpracticies/softw
//
/
/
/
are.html
DOEfactsheetDeterminingElectricMotorLoadand
Efficiency
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/bestpractices/pdfs/
10097517.pdf
AWWAandInternationalWaterAssociationfreewater
auditsoftwareprogram
http://www.awwa.org/Resources/WaterLossControl.cfm?It
emNumber=48511&navItemNumber=48158
N b 48511& It N b 48158
AWWAsthirdeditionM36publication,WaterLossControl
http://www.awwa.org

RESOURCES
DOESaveEnergyNowProgram
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/saveenergynow/ass
//
/
/
/
essments.html
EnergyEfficiencyandConservationBlockGrantProgram
(EECBG)http://www.eecbg.energy.gov/
USDARuralDevelopment
RuralEnergyforAmericaProgramGrants/EnergyAuditand
gy
g
/
gy
RenewableEnergyDevelopmentAssist
http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/busp/9006loan.htm
RuralEnergyforAmericaProgramGuaranteedLoanProgram
(REAP LOAN)
(REAPLOAN)
http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/busp/REAPEA.htm

U.S.DHHSRuralAssistanceCenter(RAC)
http://www raconline org/funding/
http://www.raconline.org/funding/

QUESTIONS?

VanessaLeiby
Vanessa
Leiby
Principal
Th C d
TheCadmusGroup,Inc.
G
I
3012533671
vleiby@cadmusgroup.com
l b
d
Website:http://www.cadmusgroup.com