Editor: Lee Holden

Illustrations: Udon Jandee

Computer Graphics: Saisunee Yongyod
Layout: Siriporn Chaimongkol
Production Manager: Suthisa Chaisarn
Co-Writer: Chong-Mi Mueller
Project Manager: W.U. Wei
North Star Trust
First published in 2007 by:

Universal Healing Tao Publications

274 Moo 7, Luang Nua,

Doi Saket, Chiang Mai 50220 Thailand
Tel: +66(0)53 921-200, 495-596 Fax: +66(0)53 495-853
Email: ip@universal-tao.com
Website: universal-tao.com
Manufactured in Thailand
ISBN: 974-94719-3-8
All rights reserved. No part of this booklet may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without the express written
permission from the author, with the exception of brief quotations
embodied in critical articles and reviews. Anyone who undertakes
these practices on the basis of this booklet alone, does so entirely
at his or her own risk.

Chi Nei Tsang III

Muscle, Tendon and
Meridian Massage

Mantak Chia

Edited by:

Lee Holden

Contents
Introduction - Concept of Chi Nei Ching........................................1
Energy Channel Sen Sib...............................................................2
Background of Sen Sib.............................................................2
Names of Sen Sib....................................................................4
Circulatory System and Abdomen............................................4
Senprathansib (Energy Line) Massage Therapy......................... 18
Introduction..................................................................................19
Senprathansib Theory............................................................19
Principle of Point Pressing.....................................................19
How to Press the Points.........................................................19
How to find the Position to Press...........................................19
Duration of Pressing...............................................................20
Weight of Pressing.................................................................20
Caution when Pressing:.........................................................20
Do not Press:..........................................................................20
Muscle-Tendon Meridians...........................................................23
Neck....................................................................................... 24
Shoulder.................................................................................25
Navel and Abdomen...............................................................26
Muscle Region of the Gall Bladder Channel: ............................. 30
Eight Extraordinary Vessels and Collaterals...............................31
Muscle Region of the Liver Channel: .........................................32
Muscle Region of the Lung Channel: .........................................33
Muscle Region of the Large Intestine Channel: ......................... 34
Muscle Region of the Stomach Channel: ...................................35
Muscle Region of the Heart Channel: ........................................36
Muscle Region of the Small Intestine Channel: .......................... 37
Muscle Region of the Spleen Channel: ......................................38
Muscle Region of the Bladder Channel: .....................................39
Muscle Region of the Kidney Channel: ......................................40
Muscle Region of the Pericardium Channel: ..............................41
Muscle Region of the Triple Burner Channel: ............................. 42
Traditional Tok Sen......................................................................43

 Indications..............................................................................45
Tok Sen Advantages...............................................................46
Six Pieces of Equipment for Tok Sen.....................................50
Tok Sen Techniques...............................................................51
Tok Sen Hammer Method for treating all Diseases................ 51
Positions.................................................................................53
Position 1- Supine.......................................................................55
Groin Pain..............................................................................64
Leg Pain.................................................................................65
Knee Pain...............................................................................67
Ankle Pain..............................................................................69
Position 2 - Prone........................................................................72
Spinal Pain.............................................................................73
Gua Sha .....................................................................................80
Gua Sha Therapy Technique..................................................82
Facial Gua Sha Massage.......................................................83

The meditations, practices and techniques described herein are not

intended to be used as an alternative or substitute for professional
medical treatment and care. If any readers are suffering from illnesses based on mental or emotional disorders, an appropriate professional health care practitioner or therapist should be consulted.
Such problems should be corrected before you start training. This
booklet does not attempt to give any medical diagnosis, treatment,
prescription, or remedial recommendation in relation to any human
disease, ailment, suffering or physical condition whatsoever.

Introduction
Concept of Chi Nei Ching

Chi Nei Ching (Chi Nei Tsang III) is the fourth section of the Chi Nei
Tsang series following Chi Nei Tsang I (Organ Massage), Chi Nei
Tsang II (Channel Massage) and Karsai Nei Kung (Genital Massage) with Chi Nei Tsang III (Muscle, Tendon & Meridian Massage)
as the last section. This is the final chapter of the Chi Nei Tsang
Internal Massage moving the energy (Chi) throughout the body
while releasing and opening up its passages.
Throughout the massage sections in this book you will use the
hand techniques (finger press, twisting & spiraling, hand scooping &
wave techniques) used in Chi Nei Tsang I to open up and release the
blockages in the following: Abdomen, Arteries, Muscles, Tendons,
Vertebras, Shoulder Blades, Coccyx, Arms, Legs, Feet, Joints,
Hands, Neck and Meridian Lines shown in the following pages.
Tok Sen, which means take off energy lines in Thai, is a technique to clear blocked energy that is also introduced in this book.
It uses mechanical and sound vibration, working deeply through
the fascia and muscles. This unique healing modality is found only
in the Chiang Mai area of Northern Thailand (Lanna). Tok Sen is
thought to date back over 5000 years, and developed in Lanna
while acupuncture developed in China. It is an energetic healing
modality, and is still practiced in the rural areas. Tok Sen helps to
improve energy flow and relieves aching muscles in Paralysis or
Herniated Nucleus Pulposus patients.
This book goes into greater detail and explanation for opening
up the muscles, tendons and meridian lines in the body taught by
Master Mantak Chia for your health and well-being.

Energy Channel Sen Sib

Background of Sen Sib
The ancient Royal traditional Thai Medicine text indicates there
are 72,000 channels spread from the abdominal cavity through the
entire body via the ten major life energy channels called Sen Sib.
These ten life energy paths (lines) are the heart of Thai massage
and the basis of therapeutic Thai massage throughout the history of
Thailand. Actual documentation confirms when and how Sen Sib
originated from India and China.
Essentially, Sen Sib is the Thai system of massage, which is
used for numerous functions, including healing and maintenance of
a healthy body. Like all massage, the Thai method entails stretching of the muscles and tendons as well compressing them. The
unique and special feature of this treatment is the emphasis on
the ten major energy channels. These wind channels are related
to those found in Chinese medicine. There is also a relationship to
traditional acupressure.
The practitioner uses these techniques for assisted yoga stretching. They also apply their hands, thumbs, palms, elbows, feet and
knees to facilitate pressure on significant parts of the body. This
treatment releases energy, which assists with healing, rejuvenation
and prevention of assorted ailments. The resulting balance not only
helps with treatment of ailments, but it improves the overall quality
of life.
The Sen Sib are basically energy lines or channels for the flow
of Chi throughout the body. Among the consequences of therapy
is the removal of blockages as well as the release of nerves and
blood vessels, which are stuck to bones.
There are many beneficial consequences to the Thai system of
massage. These include increased energy, relief of stress, internal
balance as well as literal balance of the skeletal system, improved
2

circulation, detoxification of the body and an increased sense of

well-being. This corrective has met the test of time and is unique
to Thailand. It is a technique that is especially useful in the modern
age; this is an age of hard work, tension and stress which causes
a wide variety of maladies throughout the body, mind and spirit.
An additional aspect of Thai massage that is beneficial is the fact
that it softens armored areas of the body. Consequently, healing
channels of the anatomy are opened and toxic material in the body
is dissipated. This is useful not just for healing but for removing
stagnation and blockages. Virtually a complete restoration, healing
and maintenance of the body is possible with Thai massage therapy.
For example, because circulation is improved, the heart benefits.
Furthermore, because of the holistic nature of our systems, this can
have far reaching positive consequences such as the reduction of
swelling in different parts of the body.
The muscles benefit because they are restored to a state of elasticity, which brings about improved mobility and movement. Thus,
for example, exercise is easier and the muscles become stronger.
The tendons also become more flexible and this helps prevent injury.
The nervous system is maintained and toxins are released. Because overall function is improved, pain is reduced or eliminated.
Moreover, internal organs have improved efficiency. Also, breathing
is improved. This, of course, has profound ramifications throughout
the body because respiration is vital for not only quality of life, but
for life itself.
Among the other aspects that are the beneficiaries of Thai massage therapy is improved digestion. This is partly because the entire
digestive track is restored to, or maintained at, an optimal level of
elasticity. Even relatively simple issues, such as minor indigestion,
can be relieved with the appropriate therapy.

Names of Sen Sib

Sen
Sib
number

Royal text during King Rama V

Sen Sib name

Tamla Loke Ni Tanduring King

Rama 2 Sen Sib name

Wat Pho Epigraphs during King Rama

3 Sen Sib name

1 I-tha I-tha I-tha

2 Ping-kla

Ping-kla

Ping-kla

3 Sum-ma-na Sum-ma-na Sum-ma-na

4 Kan-la-ta-ree Kan-la-ta-ree Kan-la-ta-ree
5 Sa-had-sa-rang-sri Sa-had-sa-rang-sri Sa-had-sa-rang-sri
6 Ta-wa-ree Ta-wa-ka-ta Ta-wa-ree
7 La-wu-sank U-rang Jan-ta-pu-sank
8 U-lang-ga Su-kum-u-sa-ma Ru-sum
9 Ta-wa-tha-ree Kang-ku Su-ku-mang
10 Sik-ki-nee Sank-ki-nee Si-ki-nee
Fig. 1 Names of Sen Sib

Circulatory System and Abdomen

The circulatory system in the body is like a big organization of tendons. The heart itself is fibrous and tendon-like in its construction.
It needs to have the proper state of equilibrium and be strong, but
flexible. The heart, the tongue, the abdomen and other parts of the
body are all significant. The abdomen, for example, is like a large
tendon. It needs to be firm but flexible in the proper balance. The
veins are vital for health and well-being because many problems
are caused by the blockage of blood returning to the heart. A small
example of this is the circulation in our legs; especially behind our
knees. If we sit with our legs bent for a long time, it blocks the flow of
blood and causes pain. Similarly, blockages in the abdomen cause
problems when the blood returns to the heart.
4

 If one starts the massage with the abdomen, the blockage can
be opened. The Thai system of massage is based largely on the
Indian system and there are 10 energy channels. The names of the
ten channels can be seen in figure 1. As the different illustrations
on the following pages show, all the channels start roughly in the
area of the navel.
An individual can use a breathing technique to help expand the
tendons maintain more energy and power. Concentrating on the
abdominal area, a person inhales and expands the tendons and
then exhales and allows the tendons to return. This should be done
with a relaxed approach that brings about a feeling of well-being.
Breathe in and then out in an almost meditative fashion. Strengthening the tendons helps one feel and actually be younger relative
to their overall health.

I-tha

Ping-kla

Fig. 2 Sen Sib Sen 1: I-tha, Sen 2: Ping-kla

The Fig.3 shows Sen 3 and Sen 4, which consist of the Sum-Ma-Na
and Kan-La-Ta-Ree. The names of the all the channels are in Figure
1. The concepts and study of these energy lines date back to the
reigns of Rama II, Rama III and Rama V. Thai massage, or Nuad
Thai, is an ancient techniques that, because of its sacred aspect,
has been studied and handed down for centuries. To this day, it is
associated with Buddhism and Buddhist Temples throughout the
country.

Sum-ma-na

Kan- la-ta-ree
Fig. 3 Sen 3: Sum-ma-na and Sen 4: Kan-la-ta-ree

 Sum-Ma-Na and Kan-La-Ta-Ree are two of the Sen Sib. These

energy channels are linked not only with health, but with harmony
throughout the body. They relate to balance of the physical, mental and spiritual aspects of human existence. Consequently, they
are significant for quality of life. As can be seen in Figure 3, Sen 3
starts in the area of the navel. This region is extremely important in
traditional Thai therapy. The channel extends into the body, including the chest, and exits via the throat and tongue. The illustrations
also indicate the fact that Sen 3 in on the front of the body. It is not
found on the posterior portion of the body.
This Sen is related to a plethora of issues including conditions
pertaining to the chest and stomach. Problems ranging from asthma
to chest pain, as well as nausea to colds, can be addressed with
treatment of Sen 3. This highlights the fundamental concept of
holistic medicine. That is, it emphasizes the individual as a three
dimensional being and the body as a system of interrelated areas
that cannot be understood in isolation. It is a natural form of healing and maintaining bodily well being in addition to spiritual and
emotional balance.
Thai healing massage sees Chi or energy flowing throughout
the body via 72,000 channels, but those emphasized are the Sib
Sen, or ten channels. Sen 3, shown in the illustration above, is an
example of one of these channels, which are also referred to as meridians. The reason that Thai massage therapy works, for instance
in the Sen 3, is that it frees blockages found in that channel. If, for
example, one is nauseated, that indicates a blockage. Freeing or
releasing such a blockage can bring about healing. Furthermore,
maintenance of this channel can assist with a healthier body.
The meridians in Thai massage are different than those in other
ancient techniques. This includes the Chinese approach. While
there are similarities and the traditions are interrelated, the names
and numbers of the lines can differ. The overall philosophy underlying the different schools is fundamentally the same however. That
means, of course, the traditions of ancient India too.

Sa-had-sa-rang-sri

Ta-wa-ree

Fig. 4 Sen 5: Sa-had-sa-rang-sri and Sen 6: Ta-wa-ree

Su-ku-mang

Si-ki-nee

Fig. 5 Sen 9: Su-ku-mang & Sen 10:Si-Ki-nee

Sen 1: Itha: Exits left nostril on left side of the body:

This starts one thumb width to the left side of the navel and passes
through the pubic area to the left thigh towards the rear. It then runs
upwards past the left buttock and proceeds along left side of spine,
continuing over the head and curving downwards to the left side of
the face and exits from the left nostril.
Conditions: Headache, Stiff Neck, Shoulder Pain, Common Cold,
Cough, Nasal Obstruction, Throat Ache, Eye Pain, Chills, Fever,
Abdominal Pain, Intestinal Diseases, Back Pain, Diseases of the
Urinary Tract and Dizziness.

Sen 2: Pingkla: Exits right nostril on right side of the body:

This starts one thumb width to the right side of the navel and passes
through pubic area to the right thigh towards the rear. It then runs
upwards past the right buttock and proceeds along right side of
spine, continuing over the head and curving downwards to the right
side of the face and exits from the right nostril.
Conditions: Same as Sen lttha. Additional Indications: Diseases
of the Liver and the Gall Bladder.

Fig. 6 Working on Sen 1 and Sen 2

Sen 3: Summana: Exits tongue at the center of the body:

It starts two thumb widths above the navel, runs deeply inside the
chest and passes through the throat exiting at the tongue. There
is no line on the back.
Conditions: Asthma, Bronchitis, Chest Pain, Heart Diseases,
Spasm of the Diaphragm, Nausea, Cold, Cough, Throat Problems,
Diseases of the Digestive System, Abdominal Pain.

Fig. 7 Working on Sen 3: Summana

10

Sen 4: Kanlataree: Exits ten fingers and toes. Source from the

Marble Tablets at Wat Pho:

Starts one thumb width above the navel and separates into four
branches. Two upper branches pass along the side of the ribcage
through the inner scapulae to both arms, moving downwards to
the wrists and exit all ten fingers. The two lower branches run
downwards on the medial side of thigh and calf to the ankles and
exit all ten toes.
Conditions: Diseases of the Digestive System, Indigestion, Hernia, Paralysis of Arms and Legs, Knee Pain, Jaundice, Whooping
Cough, Arthritis of the Fingers, Chest Pain, Shock, Rheumatic Heart
Disease and Cardiac Arrhythmia, Sinusitis, Pain in Arms and Legs,
Angina Pectoris, Epilepsy, Schizophrenia, Hysteria, Various Psychic
Diseases and Mental Disorders.

Fig. 8 Working on Sen 4: Kanlataree

11

Sen 5:Sahatsarangsri: Exits Left Eye on left side of the body:

This Sen starts three thumb widths on the left side of the navel. It
runs down the medial side of the left thigh and leg to the left foot
passing along the base of all five toes. It then continues to the lateral
side of left foot moving upwards along the lateral side but closer
to the tibia bone of left leg to the left thigh. It then continues to the
side of the ribcage passing the left nipple and upwards to below
the left side of the chin to exit at the left eye.
Conditions: Facial Paralysis, Toothache, Throat Ache, Redness
and Swelling of the Eye, Fever, Chest Pain, Mania Depressive
Psy- chosis, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Diseases of the Urogenital
Sys- tem, Leg Paralysis, Arthritis of the Knee Joint, Numbness of
Lower Extremity, Hernia.

Fig. 9 Working on Sen 5: Sahatsarangsri

12

Sen 6: Tawaree: Exits Right Eye:

Tawaree runs the same pathway Sen Sahatsarangs.
Conditions:Same as SenSahatsarangsi. Additional indications:
Jaundice and Appendicitis. Facial Paralysis, Toothache, Throat
Ache, Redness and Swelling of the Eyes, Fever, Chest Pain, Mania Depressive Psychosis, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Diseases of
the Urogenital System, Leg Paralysis, Arthritis of the Knee Joint,
Numbness of Lower Extremity, Hernia.

Fig. 10 Working on Sen 6: Tawaee

13

Sen 7: Jantapusank: Exits Left Ear on left side of the body:

This line starts four thumb widths on the left side of the navel, runs
upwards through the left breast to the left side of the neck and exits
at the left ear.
Conditions: Deafness, Ear Diseases, Cough, Facial Paralysis,
Toothache, Throat Ache, Chest Pain, Gastrointestinal Diseases.

Fig. 11 Working on Sen 7: Jantapusank

14

Sen 8: Rusum: Exits Right Ear.

Rusum runs the same pathway as Sen Jantapusankbut on the right
side of the body and exits at the right ear.
Conditions: Same as Sen Jantapusank. Deafness, Ear Diseases,
Cough, Facial Paralysis, Toothache, Throat Ache, Chest Pain, Gastrointestinal Diseases.

Fig. 12 Working on Sen 8: Rusum

15

Sen 9: Sukumang: Exits anus:

Sukumang starts two thumb widths under the navel and a little to
the left and proceeds downwards exiting at the anus.
Conditions: Sen Sukumangis generally worked on by giving
an Abdominal Massage. Indications are: Hernia, Freuent Urination, Female Infertility, Impotence, Precox Ejaculation, Irregular
Menstrua- tion, Uterine Bleeding, Retentsion of Urine, Diarrhoea,
Abdominal Pain.

Fig. 13 Working on Sen 9: Sukumang

16

Sen 10: Sikinee: Exits Sexual Organ.

This last Sen starts two thumb widths under the navel a little to the
right and runs downwards to exit at the sex organ and the urethra.
Conditions: Therapy on Sen Sikineedone with abdominal massage
as well. Same indications as with Sen Nanthakrawat.

Fig. 14 Working on Sen 10: Sikinee

17

Senprathansib (Energy Line) Massage Therapy

Right side
Running out

Left Side
Running Out
Ai-Tha Line

Ping-Ka-La Line
Su-Ma-Na Line
Karn-Tha-Ree Line

Tha-Wa-Ree Line

Sa-Hus-RungSri Line

Ru-Cham Line

Jun-Tha-PhuSang Line

Su-Ku-Mung Line
Sik Khi - Nee Line

Fig. 15 Senprathansib (Energy Line)

18

Introduction
Senprathansib Theory
Concerning wind and blood circulation. When the body has a good
flow of wind there will be good blood circulation. We cannot measure
the wind but we can measure the blood such as the pulse which
indicates the wind that controls the heart to the blood pumping to
nourish the body. In Thai Traditional medicine, the problem of wind
flow can cause disease at that point or organ; many are caused by
accident, working, daily life, behavior etc.
Principle of Point Pressing
1) Do not press at the point where symptoms act up.
2) Press the length of the same line for treatment.
3) When pressed you will not feel hot flush.
4) When pressed will not feel numb.
5) Do not press too hard; press in the groove of muscle.
6) To treat a specific point of disease press on any line nearby.

This will help to treat the disease.
7) The pressing technique depends on the finger position and
direction in relation to the area where the symptoms act up.
8) The important thing is the body assessment together with
diagnosis before treatment.
How to Press the Points
In general, use the thumb tip to press; at some points use the fingertips of the forefinger, middle finger and little finger.
How to find the Position to Press
1) Unit of Measure
1 Finger = 1st Knuckle of Middle Finger
3 Fingers = Width of 3 Fingers (Forefinger, Middle & Ring Finger)
4 Fingers = Width of 4 Fingers
(Forefinger, Middle, Ring and Little Finger)
* Use the Patients Finger for Measuring.

19

2) Use the organ position or the suprasternal notch.

3) Use the simple measuring point such as Ai-Tha and Ping Ka
La point under the kneecap inside and outside the hollow
point when flexing the knee.

Duration of Pressing
Press and hold 10-15 sec. 3 times a point except Su-Ma-Na line,
press just 5-10 sec. Lightly press because the position is close to
the aorta.
Weight of Pressing
Press till it feels stodgy and the wind runs at the area of symptom.
Do not press too hard.
Caution when Pressing:
1) Pregnant patients should receive careful attention.
2) Patients may faint.
3) Do not press when hungry or after meals.
4) Patients who have high blood pressure should be assessed
before treatment.
5) Patients who have heart disease, blood vessel and lymph
system disease should to be closely observed.
Do not Press:
1) Severe Accident Patient
2) Patients who have fever, high temperature (over 38oC )
3) Cancer Patients
4) Patients who have wounds at the area of pressing point.
5) Patients who just had an operation at the treatment area.
6) Patients who have problems at T10-12-L1 which indicates
kidney disease.
7) Patients who have appendicitis; there will be pain in the lower
right side of the abdomen when pressed.

20

Ping-Kha-La-Line
(Right head root)

Ai-Tha Line
(Left head root)
Su-Ma-Na Line
(tongue root)

Ka-La-Tha-Ree
(Toe root)
Ta-wa-ree Line
(Right eye root)

Sa-Has-SaRang-Sri Line
(Left eye root)

Ru-Ja Line
(Right ear root)

Jan-Tha-Phusang Line
(Left ear root)

Sik-Kha-Nee Line
(Urethra root)

Su-Ku-Mang Line
(Anus root)

Fig. 16 Front Side

21

Ping-Ka-La Line
(run out)

Ai-Tha Line
(run out)

Karn-Ta-Ree Line
(run out)

Su-Ma-Na Line
(run out)
Sa-Has-Rang-Sri
Line (run out)

Ta-Wa-Ree Line
(run out)

Jan-Tha-Phu-Sang
Line (run out)

Ru-Cham Line
(run out)
Sik-Khi-Nee Line
(run out)

Su-Khu-Mang
Line (run out)

Ka-La-Aum-MaPluek Line
(run out)

Fig. 17 Back Side

22

Muscle-Tendon Meridians
There are 12 muscle-tendon meridians in the body in Chinese
Acupuncture. These exist along the surfaces of the muscles and
tendons, running from joint to joint. Unlike the other meridians, these
do not connect with any internal organs. They seem to be primarily
involved in the gross utilization of energy with which the musculature
is associated. Here, however, there is far greater efficiency (that
is, minimized effort with increased energy output) than is ordinarily
presumed to be normal.
Muscle-tendon meridians originate in the extremities, meet at
major joints and end at points ranging throughout the torso and
head. Knowing the Tendon Routes well and energizing them will
greatly increase the Muscle-Tendon-Fascia Tone and improve the
range of movement or radius.

Muscle Region of the

Gall Bladder Channel

Muscle Region
of the Liver Channel

Muscle Region
of the Stomach Channel

Fig. 18 Gall Bladder, Liver and Stomach Meridians

23

One of the muscle-tendon meridians runs along the side of the

body, up to the neck and down through the side of the leg. This
line relates to the gall bladder as well as other significant functions
of the body. Another channel pertains to the liver and yet another
one to the stomach. Consequently, properly adjusting and treating
these meridians can address issues relating to these vital organs.
A good understanding of anatomy is necessary.

Neck
The neck is very important and there are connections to nearly
every portion of the body. The hands and arms, for instance, have
connections, to the neck. The connections are made via the tendons. By the same token, the circulatory system is also critical for
health and well being. This system includes the veins and arteries.
A close examination of the circulatory system reveals that it spreads
out like the roots of a tree. The veins and arteries get smaller and
smaller. The nervous system spreads out in a fashion similar to the
circulatory system.
This complicated but critical anatomical arrangement can get
tangled and pain or discomfort is the result. More pain results if
the blue blood returning to the heart is blocked. Additionally, since
pain is the bodys way of communicating a problem, health issues
can be present. Major areas in this regard are the abdomen and
the neck. The neck is a very complicated area but there is a very
simple method that helps us in approaching problems.
If we hold each side of the head and then the front and back while
pushing in each direction this allows us to feel the power of the neck.
Also turning the head to each side and looking at the side of the
neck toward the back makes the tendons and muscles visible for
examination. So moving the head in a Yes, up and down fashion,
and then No, side to side fashion, lets us perceive this. This simple
mechanism will help us remember how to approach the neck region.

24

 An accident or trauma of other sorts can cause problems in

the neck area. This causes pain or serious discomfort because
frequently the muscles and tendons are out of balance. Touching
the neck in the area in an individual who is experiencing such pain
allows one to find the imbalance. One palpates the area while the
person does the Yes motion and then does the No motion. The
region that is bringing the pain about will be very tight.

Shoulder
Many people experience shoulder pain stemming from issues with
the tendons. There are several good ways to activate the tendons
and discern where the problem area is. One method is stretching the
arm out to the side. Another is putting it out in front; especially with
a twisting motion. The tendons are normally like elastic. However, it
can take in a vibration and hold it in. In the event that the vibration
is locked in, it will constantly be pulling. When it is locked in, there
is a buildup of acid as the result of this pulling. Consider those times
when a person exercises. Weight lifting is an excellent example. One
works out hard and the next day their muscles are stiff. This is the
result of the production of acid in the muscles. Pain and soreness
come about and this is generally radiated down through the entire
length of the muscle. Most of us know that this stiffness has to be
worked out. In so doing, the built up acid dissipates.
In a massage, the person lies down and they are initially rocked
from side to side. They are then checked to make sure their legs
extend the same distance by holding the legs up and looking carefully at their extension. Then their feet are gripped from the bottom
and the person is asked to push with their toes. All of the tendons
in the body can be activated in this way. Upon completion of this
stretching out of the tendons beginning with the feet, the individual
is rocked a bit from side to side again. When this procedure is finished, the next area is worked on.

25

Navel and Abdomen

Next, the area around the navel needs to be treated by the practitioner. The first step is to massage the navel itself followed by the
ring around the navel, using a circular motion. One then moves on to
the inside of the ring and works their way around the entire circumference. Next, the area inside and under the navel ring is worked.
Following the navel, the abdomen in the region surrounding the
navel is massaged using the heel of ones hand. This area is a
tender portion of the body and caution should be used. A downward
pressure is applied and the person is asked to push up with their
stomach using their muscles. The technique is for the practitioner
to use two hands, one on top of the other. In this fashion the tendons in that portion of the body are massaged. This activates the
tendons in the abdominal region, but especially the organ tendons.
In addition, it activates the veins and arteries. Everything all of
the tendons benefit from this procedure when this technique is
applied. The benefits even include the tendons from the legs up
through the neck.
The practitioner moves around the area surrounding the navel
using the heel of their hand. There are eight different locations
around the navel. These roughly correspond to the eight directions on a compass. Self-therapy is even possible in this area and
it helps keep the organs healthy whether applied to ones self or to
others. Expansion of the abdomen while pressure is applied is what
activates different portions of the body. The greater the expansion
of the abdomen, the greater the tendons are involved. That means
that the more the abdomen is expanded, the more benefit there is.
The meridian for the lungs starts at the thumb and continues on
to the chest area. In this case it is very close to the muscles of the
organ that is being treated. All of the fingers have significance. The
large intestine channel starts at the index finger, while the heart
starts at the pinky finger. The small intestine is on the inner portion
of the pinky finger. The illustrations in Figures 19, 20, 21 & 22 show
the meridians for the different organs.

26

Muscle Region
of the Lung Channel

Muscle Region
of the Large Intestine Channel

Fig. 19 Lung and Large Intestine Meridians

Muscle Region
of the Heart Channel

Muscle Region
of the Small Intestine Channel

Fig. 20 Heart and Small Intestine Meridians

27



Muscle Region
of the Spleen Channel

Muscle Region
of the Kidney Channel

Muscle Region of the Bladder Channel

Fig. 21 Spleen, Bladder and Kidney Meridians

28

As indicated, there are channels for virtually every organ and ailment
in the body. For example, the channels for the different regions of
the human body, which can be utilized by a knowledgeable therapist, continue with the spleen. This area starts on the toes and
goes upward. The bladder goes all the way back along the side.
The kidney is the same as the acupuncture channel, but it has a
muscle-tendon following it. The middle finger starts the channel for
the pericardium or heart region. The triple burner starts on the ring
finger and continues upward.

Muscle Region
of the Pericardium Channel

Muscle Region
of the Triple Burner Channel

Fig. 22 Pericardium and Triple Burner Meridians

29

Muscle Region of the Gall Bladder Channel:

High Tide is 11 pm-1 am. Pathological symptoms include strained
muscles from the fourth toe to the knee upon lateral rotation, with
an inability to bend the knee; muscle spasms or stiffness within the
poplitieal fossa; strain of the sacrum, pelvis, and lower ribs; pain in
the chest, and an inability to turn the eyes to the left or right.
All channels start around the navel in the abdominal region.
They radiate outward, upward and downward in different directions
and influence various organs of the body. While this is an ancient
Chinese system, there is a correspondence to Western anatomy.
Among the organs influenced by this are the bladder, liver, intestines
and lungs. Channels commence in the fingers in some cases. For
example, the lung channel starts in the thumb. The illustrations that
follow show the different meridians and the organs that they influence.
All of the channels have muscle regions, which correspond to
them. One of these channels pertains to the gall bladder. It starts
below the ear and runs down to the vicinity of the chest. It then
proceeds along the side with a brief detour to the buttocks area
before continuing down along the leg. This, like all the channels in
the body, is very important for issues pertaining to the organs; in
this particular case, the gall bladder.

30

Eight Extraordinary Vessels and Collaterals

Baihui point (Gv-20)
Levator labil
superioris
Masseter

Temporalis
Stemocleidomastoid

Pectoralis
major
Serratus
anterior

Gluteus
maximus

External
oblique

Tensor fascia
lata

Tibialis
anterior
Extensor
digitorum
longus

Fig. 23 Gall Bladder Channel

31

Muscle Region of the Liver Channel:

High Tide is 1 am-3 am. Pathological symptoms include strained
muscles of the big toe; pain in the anterior internal malleoulus of the
ankle; pain at the medial aspect of the knee and thigh; and dysfunction of the reproductive organs, therefore impotence.
Foundations of Energetic Medicine

Rectus

Pectineus
Vastus medialis

Soleue

Fig. 24 Liver Channel

A thorough knowledge of the muscle regions enables the therapist

to treat assorted ailments; not just ones pertaining to the muscles
and joints, but those pertaining to the organs as well. Applying treatment to the correct region corresponding to a particular organ can
help with maintenance or even health issues that relate to it. The
muscle region for the liver channel, for example, is related not just
to the ankle, knee and thigh, but also to the reproductive organs. It
runs approximately from the waist down through the inner portion
of the leg.
32

Muscle Region of the Lung Channel:

High Tide is 3 am-5 am. Pathological symptoms include strained
muscles of the thumb; stiff, strained or muscle spasms, and/or pain
along the course of the Lung Channel. In more serious cases, there
will be pain over the rib area and spitting up of blood.
Eight Extraordinary Vessels and Collaterals

Subciavius
Anterior deltoid
Biceps brachii

Brachio
radialis

Abductor
pollicis brevis

Fig. 25 Lung Channel

Another one of the muscle regions relates to the profoundly important lung channel. Clearly, the proper functioning of the lungs is
critical not just for quality of life, but for life itself. This channel runs
from the shoulder area down through the inner arm. It influences
strains in the thumb and arm in addition to the respiratory system
and lungs.
33

Muscle Region of the Large Intestine Channel:

High Tide is 5 am-7 am. Pathological symptoms include strained
muscles of the index finger; stiffness, strained, or muscle spasms
along the course of the large Intestine Channel, resulting in frozen
shoulder, and an inability to rotate the neck from side to side.

Temporalis

Platysma
Middle/
Anterior
deltoid

Masseter

Brachialis
biceps
brachii
Extensor
digitorum
Trapezius

Fig. 26 Large Intestine Channel

The head also has a function in relationship to the bodily organs.

The muscle region for the large intestines, for example, is in the
head. It is located in several areas including the front, back and
sides of the cranium. The shoulder and neck areas are connected
to the headlines and therefore have a similar influence.

34

Muscle Region of the Stomach Channel:

High Tide is 7 am-9 am. Pathological symptoms include strained
muscles of the big toe; spasms or hardening of the muscles in the
foot; knotted or twisted muscles in the lower leg and thigh; swelling in
the anterior pelvis region; hernia; spasms of the abdominal muscles;
spasms or stiffness of neck and cheek muscles; and eye spasms.
Levator labii
Orbicularis Oris

Orbicularis oculi
Masseter
Platysma

Pectoralis major

Latissimus

Rectus
External
Adductor
Vastus

Vastus
Tibialis

Extensor
digtorum

Fig. 27 Stomach Channel

Continuing with the various muscle regions, the next one is the
stomach channel. This channel runs along the outer leg beginning
at approximately the hip area and down to the top of the heel. The
areas of influence for this channel are rather substantial and include,
but are not restricted to, the foot, lower leg and pelvis as well as the
stomach. It also pertains to issues such as hernias. This points out
the profound and varying effects that the channels have as well as
why they need to be correctly understood.
35

Muscle Region of the Heart Channel:

High Tide is 11 am-1 pm. Pathological symptoms include strained
muscles of the little finger; stiff or strained muscles with spasm and/
or pain along the course of the Heart Channel, including internal
cramping within the diaphragm and upper abdominal area.

Pectoralis major
Long head of the
Triceps brachil
Brachialis tendon
Flexor digtorum
superflcialis
Abductor digit
minimi

Fig. 28 Heart Channel

The muscle region of the heart starts in the chest and continues
down through the inner arm and then extends through the palm of
the hand. A practitioner can treat problems in this area including
muscle spasms and difficulties along the heart channel itself. It is
obvious, as with the lungs, that this channel needs to be properly
maintained because of the life supporting nature of the heart.
36

Muscle Region of the Small Intestine Channel:

High Tide is 1 pm-3 pm. Pathological symptoms include strained
muscles of the little finger, pain along the medial and posterior aspects of the elbow: pain in the posterior aspect of the axilla, neck,
and scapula region; tinnitus related to ear ache; and poor vision.
Temporalis
Masseter

Upper
Trapezius

Infraspinatus
Middle deltoid
Triceps

Extensor
Carpi
ulnaris

Fig. 29 Small Intestine Channel

It is important to keep in mind that the muscle regions of the body

influence not just the muscles themselves, but the internal organs
as well. They extend throughout the entire body. The muscle region
of the small intestine is roughly behind the top of the ear, continues
down the neck, through the shoulder and then down the back of
the arm. Its influence is vast and includes issues as varied as poor
eyesight and even elbow pain.
37

Muscle Region of the Spleen Channel:

High Tide is 9 am-11 am. Pathological symptoms include strained
muscles of the big toe; pain in the internal malleolus of the ankle
upon rotation; pain along the medial aspect of the knee and adductor muscles of the thigh; groin strain; and pain due to strained
upper abdominal muscles and mid-thoracic vertebrae.

Rectus
abdominis
Oblique
muscles
Sartorius

Soleus
Extensor hallucis
longgus
Flexor digitorum
longus

Fig. 30 Speen Channel

Knowing the muscle channels assists the practitioner in releasing

tendons and muscles that are stuck or withholding information.
Another one of these significant channels is the one, which acts
on the spleen. The practitioner can address problems from groin
strains to chest issues. This channels starts at the abdomen and
carries on downward to the bottom of the foot. A careful treatment
of this channel is highly beneficial.
38

Muscle Region of the Bladder Channel:

High Tide is 3 pm-5 pm. Pathological symptoms include strained
muscles of the big toe; swelling and pain in the heels; stiffness or
spasms along the spine and back area; frozen shoulder; stiffness
or spasms in the axillary and clavicle regions.

Fig. 31 Bladder Channel

The bladder channel is both significant and interesting in many ways.

It can be found in several areas as illustrated in Figure 31. Among
the areas this channel influences are the neck and back. Proper
treatment of this channel helps tremendously with back spasms and
shoulder problems, among other things. Of course it is important
for sustaining good bladder health as well. This, like all channels in
the body, needs regular maintenance to remain healthy.
39

Muscle Region of the Kidney Channel:

High Tide is 5 pm-7 pm. Pathological symptoms include strained
muscles on the bottom of the foot; spasms or stiffness along the
Kidney Channel, resulting in an inability to bend forward (Yang
disorder) or backward (Yin disorder), with difficulty in flexing or
extending the head.

Gracilis

Gastrocnemius
Flexor
digitorum
Flexor digiti

Fig. 32 Kidney Channel

The very important kidney channel is illustrated in Figure 32. This

channel can be found in the area that begins in the stomach and
moves to the buttocks region. The influence of the kidney channel
is related to movement and other functions. It is particularly related
to flexibility like bending over. Obviously, this is terrifically important
for an individuals quality of life and, indeed, survival. If the body
along the vertical portion of this channel becomes less flexible, a
knowledgeable practitioner can help restore the flexibility needed for
easy movement. Inflexibility in the human body causes numerous
problems, including a deterioration of muscles, tendons, bones
and life itself.
40

Muscle Region of the Pericardium Channel:

High Tide is 7 pm- 9 pm. Pathological symptoms include strained
muscles of the middle finger; stiff or strained muscles, or spasms
and/or pain along the course of the Pericardiums Channel; and
chest pain and spasms.

Biceps
brachialis

Flexor Carpi
Radialis
Palmaris
longus

Flexor digitorum
superficialis tendons

Fig. 33 Pericardium Channel

The pericardium channel relates to the heart; specifically the

membrane surrounding the heart. This is clearly a vital channel in
the human body and its health is necessary for existence. There is
an influence on everything from the fingers to the chest so, as might
be expected; the pericardium has an impact on virtually everything
in the entire structure of the human body. Maintaining the health of
the pericardial channel is therefore essential.
41

Muscle Region of the Triple Burner Channel:

High Tide is 9 pm-11 pm. Pathological symptoms include strained
muscles of the ring finger; stiff or strained muscles, or spasms and
/or pain along the course of the Triple Burners Channel.

Masseter
Platysma
Middle
deltoid
Brachialis

Extensor
digitorum

Fig. 34 Triple Burner Channel

The triple burner channel runs from below the ear down along
the shoulder and then continues all the way through the arm. Its
significance is in the treatment of extended muscles and involuntary
muscle contractions in this vicinity. The practitioner who knows this
channel is able to facilitate the release of muscles that are hardened
or stuck. This provides movement that is more flexible and natural.
It can therefore assist with simple but crucial functions like moving
the arms.
42

Traditional Tok Sen

Tok Sen means take off energy lines in Thai; in other words it is a
technique to clear blocked energy. It uses mechanical and sound
vibration, working deeply through the fascia and muscles. This
unique healing modality is found only in the Chiang Mai area of
Northern Thailand (Lanna). Tok Sen is thought to date back over
5000 years, and developed in Lanna while acupuncture developed
in China. It is an energetic healing modality, and is still practiced in
the rural areas. Tok Sen helps to improve energy flow and relieves
aching muscles and often is used in Paralysis or Herniated Nucleus
Pulposus patients.
Tok Sen instruments are traditional tools used for therapeutic purposes on those with pain based on tendon and muscle issues. They
are essentially massage utensils. While there are different sizes, the
fundamental technique is basically the same. A light hammering
with various degrees of contact is applied to the different regions
of the body. Of course, there is never a violent or hard hitting of the
tools. It is more of a tapping on the correct areas of the body.
By tapping using the hammer and pestle, vibrations are sent
through the nerves and the muscles. The vibrations, if done in the
proper manner, provide benefits to the different areas of the body.
When done properly, they make the tendons and muscles feel more
alive because they are repaired and rejuvenated. It is not just the
tapping that is important, but also the tempo that is used. In most
cases the tempo is three beats; one, two, three and again one,
two, three. The different hammers and pestles are used in different
areas of the body. For example, the two-pronged pestle is used for
tapping in two areas simultaneously. It might be used between two
bones. Smaller pestles are used in more narrow places in the body.
There are many reasons for using Tok Sen, but one of the main
ones is that the fingers of the therapist are limited. They are, for
example, unable to reach some areas of the body that are narrow.
Furthermore, ones fingers can get tired and sore with extended
use. If they become tired, they are less likely to provide the neces43

sary treatment. The fingers, however, must be used to touch an

area and see whether it is in need of additional Tok Sen treatment
because it still is too tight. So after an area receives treatment by
the Tok Sen, it needs to be felt to see whether further application
is needed.
It is possible, just as in a traditional massage to do some of the
work to ones self. Of course some areas are unreachable and
another person is needed.
Method : Use the wedge hammer made from a tamarind stick or a
lightning stick which can drive out parasites. Before treatment, we
have to perform a teacher respect ceremony. Tok Sen hammers are
also needed in this ceremony for treating patients with Hemiplegia,
Paraplegia, Tendon problems, Nerve compression, Joint pain, Knee
pain and muscle pain.
Here is a list of some indications for Tok Sen. The list shows that
these issues range over a number of aspects and functions of the
body. Many conditions can be helped using this ancient Thai/Chinese therapy. These include everything from muscular and tendon
problems all the way to troubles pertaining to the organs of the body.
Treating the issues that are indicated is matter of skill and
knowledge. The Tok Sen practitioner is aware of the energy lines
in the body and knows how to release the energy that is blocked.
Tok Sen treatment is often indicated in regions of the body that can
benefit from this unique system. Depending on what indications and
issues are involved, treatment using traditional massage might be
incorporated into the overall plan as well.

44

Indications
1. Hammer at occipital area to treat dizziness and headache.
2. Hammer at right shoulder and down through arm to treat
right shoulder pain.
3. Hammer at right and left breast to treat fingertips numbness
or pain.
4. Lower back pain from Kidney problem: do not hammer but
if it is not caused by kidney problem, hammering is allowed.
5. Back pain down through both legs and numbness to tip of
toes; check nerve compression.
6. Back and leg muscles tight.
7. Hamstring(back thigh) pain: Treat in prone position.
8. Knee pain by bone spur or swelling, dont hammer.
9. Hammer at chest to treat chest pain.
10. Hammer below malleolus to treat hemiplegia and paraplegia
patients.
11. Hammer in front of knees to treat a headache.
12. Hammer from arms to shoulders to treat dry mouth.
13. Hammer at chest below clavicle to treat scapular pain.
14. Hammer below right and left chin to treat shoulder pain.
15. Hammer at arms and shoulders to treat hand syndrome.
16. Hammer at arms and shoulders to treat hand numbness.
17. Hammer at elbow to treat elbow syndrome.
18. Hammer at breast to treat chest swelling.
19. Hammer at thigh close to sexual organs to treat foot swelling.
20. Hammer at calf to detox blood.
21. Hammer at shoulder to arm to treat trunk tightness.
22. Hammer at top of thigh to middle of thigh to treat frequent
urination.
23. Hammer at malleolus up through knee, thigh and breast to
treat dry mouth.
24. Hammer at tendons close to sacrum to treat urinary
incontinence.

45

25. Hammer at side of foot to treat muscle tightness.

26. Hammer at paravertebral muscles (neck to lumbar) to treat
stiff neck.
27. Hammer at lumbar spine down through thighs, knees and
shins to treat feet tightness and stiffness.
28. Hammer to treat trunk muscles stiffness at sacrum.
29. Hammer at malleolus up through sides of knees to treat stiff
knees and legs.
30. Hammer at middle of calf on lateral side to treat feeling hot
at the soles of the feet.
31. Hammer at knees to thighs to treat shin problems.
32. Hammer at lumbar to treat lumbar problems.

Tok Sen Advantages

There are a number of advantages to Tok Sen. These are outlined
in the list above. Just a few of the advantages of this ancient Thai/
Chinese treatment are; increased circulation, relief from stiff and
tight muscles, improvement of nerve functions and many others.
Headache, shoulder pain, lower back pain, thigh pain and other ills
that can decrease the quality of life can be improved with Tok Sen.
While this treatment is essentially Chinese in origin, there are
also aspects that go back to India and Thailand especially in Lanna,
Thailand. The main function of this treatment relates to the tendons
and specifically the muscle-tendon meridians. Proper treatment
entails using the special wooden tools to vibrate the appropriate
areas on the body. This is because there can be blockages in the
meridians. The vibrations of the tendons, when done correctly,
loosen both the tendons and the muscles. This also improves the
blood circulation.
Treatment of the entire body is one of the best forms of maintenance. This has been established through centuries of application.
The importance of healthy tendons is clear by the fact that we use
them so much. A healthy body always involves the tendons. This is
because, while the tendons in the joints, for example, are important,

46

treating them eventually impacts the organ tendons. Indeed, this

therapy and maintenance has a positive influence on virtually every
part and function of the body.
1. Increases blood circulation which nourishes tendon and
releases discharge faster.
2. Relaxes muscles: tight muscles will squeeze capillaries
which will decrease blood circulation to muscles and cause muscle
soreness.
3. Increases peripheral nerves which run parallel with capillaries.
Every time we hammer, it will touch capillaries and peripheral nerves
which can stimulate muscles as well.
4. Releases pain from many causes:
4.1 Headaches from nerve problem, migraines, brain
degeneration, blurred vision and hard of hearing.
4.2 Shoulder pain, neck sprain, shoulder tendon tightness,
immobile arm.
4.3 Tendon compression, back muscle tightness,
scapular problem and back pain.
4.4 Lower back pain, spinal cord inflammation, cannot
bend trunk easily.
4.5 Lumbar pain and nerve compression.
4.6 Thigh pain, Hamstring muscle tightness, cannot bend
elbow, popliteus pain and patella dislocation.
4.7 Calf pain, sole pain and numbness.
4.8 Arm pain, elbow pain, arm numbness and hand
numbness.
As can be seen in the useful list above, Tok Sen has a number of
health and healing advantages. The means of accomplishing this
is essential for unblocking the bodys energy lines. This is done
through the use of special Tok Sen tools consisting of a wooden
hammer and different wooden pestles. These tools send healing
vibrations to the relevant channels in the body.

47

 In addition to unblocking the Chi meridians, Tok Sen treatment

facilitates the release of tension by addressing armored tendons
and muscles. Hammering on the meridians assists in relieving pain
and discomfort. This is especially true if a person has stored a lot
of stress and created a hard or armored shell on the tendons and
muscles. This is generally clear to a knowledgeable practitioner.
Via palpation, they are able to sense issues that can be contained
in any part of the body.
In addition to treatment of muscles and tendons, blood circulation is improved all the way from the veins and arteries to the capillaries. The nervous system releases toxins and blockages. All of
these treatments assist in maintaining personal health. This healing
modality is effective, therefore in treating problems ranging from
headaches to lumbar pain. Shoulder pain can also be effectively
treated as can leg pains from the thighs to the toes. Virtually every
sort of malady from tennis elbow to back muscle tightness can be
addressed.
The healing sound vibrations created by the tapping of the Tok
Sen tools work deeply into the fascia and muscles. Supplemented
with palpation of treatment areas, a skilled practitioner can determine regions that need special attention. Healing and then routine
maintenance are tools for a more energetic and positive life; one
that is not only mentally fulfilling but spiritually and emotionally balanced as well.
As mentioned elsewhere, traditional Thai medicine views the
body as a whole and emphasizes the connection between things.
Another way of thinking of this is that one part of the body communicates with other parts of the body. In addition, the body communicates with its surroundings. A failure to communicate comes
from blockages and issues pertaining to communication. Such
imbalances can cause illness. Tok Sen deals with this problem
through treatment of the meridians responsible for communication;
in this case energy. Once the energy blockage or imbalance is dealt
with, healing can take place.

48

 The vibration of the Tok Sen loosens the tendons and muscles.
Healthy tendons are very important to the body because they are
used so much. The organ tendons are especially important. Consequently, maintenance of the entire body is necessary. Among
the many advantages of Tok Sen treatment is the fact that some
muscles are too big or too deep for the fingers to reach. Tok Sen,
on the other hand, can reach those regions.
Tok Sen tools are clearly of import for the practitioner. On the
following pages there are many illustrations of the tools used as
well as a discussion of them. The indications and benefits of using
this ancient Thai healing method have been previously discussed.
It should be noted that a knowledgeable practitioner has a special
wisdom relative to the human body and maintains a connection that
is both physical and spiritual to the person being treated.

49

Six Pieces of Equipment for Tok Sen

Fig. 35 Tok Sen Wooden Hammer and Tok Sen Wood Wedges

Figure 35 shows some of the equipment used in Tok Sen treatment. One major advantage to using this equipment is because of
the limitations of the fingers of the practitioner. In other words, it is
very difficult to use the fingers and thumbs for a period of time on
large muscles and tendons. Furthermore, the smaller and thinner
pestles of the equipment can get into areas that the fingers cannot.
One of the primary results of Tok Sen treatment is that it releases
areas of the body that are stuck. This includes the blood vessels
and nerves. In general the smaller and thinner pestle is used in
conjunction with the hammer. Of course the hammering is done in
a reasonably light fashion; i.e., hard hammering should not be done.
The pestle must be angled right and then struck with the hammer to create a vibration. This is essentially the massage effect.
Information can be released in this fashion. Also, it should be noted
that the hammer and pestle do not completely replace the fingers of
the practitioner. The fingers still need to be used for palpation and
to ascertain whether the tendons have been loosened.
50

Tok Sen Techniques

Tok Sen Hammer Method for treating all Diseases
1. To treat neck pain, headache, migraine, shoulder pain use
the hammer and circular or flat wedge. Hammer up and downward
following lines 1, 2 and 3 (the lines referr to the lines in the following
photos).
2. To treat shoulder pain, blocked arm, finger numbness, trigger
finger use the circular wedge. Hammer from the arm tendons,
both lateral and medial sides to hand. Hammer up and downward
following lines 2 and 3.
3. Back pain, paraspinal muscles pain, scapular problems and
lumbar pain. Use four legged knocker to hammer at paraspinal
muscles. Hammer up and downward following lines 1 and 2.
4. Lumbar pain, thigh pain, hip adductor muscles, hip abductor
muscles and all thigh pain. Hammer in prone and supine positions.
Use the four legged knocker and two legged knocker. Hammer up
and downward following lines 2 and 3.
5. Knee pain, shin pain, numbness and cannot walk easily use
the circular wedge to hammer around patella and knee. Hammer
up and downward at calf and shin following lines 1, 2 and 3.
6. Pain from fibrous, knots, numbness, trigger fingers and
cannot grasp easily. Use big flat wedge to treat; hammer until pain
decreases.
The individual receiving the tok sen treatment assumes different
positions during the procedure; laying on the back, the sides and sitting. The small pestle is used for the tendons around the navel then
the entire abdominal region. The circles in that area are followed
and one can feel the vibrations going into the tendons. The result
is that the tendons and the organs in the abdomen are activated.
If any tension is felt deeper in an area, the tapping can be done
slightly harder. The process also entails touching the area being
worked to see if there is more or less tension in that spot. The area
under the navel is also tapped. A small and flatter pestle is used
and it is placed at and angle as the tapping is done.
51

The people of Northern Thailand have used Tok Sen treatment

for centuries. This ancient therapy is applied to many problems in
the body. Some of the issues are outlined below. The fundamental
concept of Tok Sen is to unblock the bodys energy lines. Special
wooden tools, discussed in the previous chapter, are used to create
vibrations and sounds that release blockages in important meridians
in the body. It has been primarily handed down from generation to
generation orally for over 5,000 years. For most of that period this
therapy was used exclusively in the Lanna Region of Thailand, the
area around Chiang Mai in the North.
The primary goal of Tok Sen is to relieve tension that is stored
in the deep tendons and muscles of the body. This is done using a
tapping rhythm in conjunction with the tools shown in the preceding chapter. These tools are best made from wood of the tamarind
tree. Other materials are also used however. The tapping of the
pestle with the hammer sends vibrations into the energy lines. The
treatment helps with many issues, including stiff muscles, blood
circulation, stiffness and tension.
There are four positions that the individual receiving Tok Sen
treatment can assume: supine lying, prone lying, side lying and
sitting. The treatment is used to treat many troubles pertaining to
the human body. One of the primary focus points in Tok Sen is the
area around the navel. This area is illustrated in Figures 36 and 37.
The individual receiving Tok Sen assumes different positions
during the procedure; laying on the back or front, the sides and
sitting. The small pestle is used for the tendons around the navel.
Following that, the entire abdominal region receives treatment. The
circles in the area of the navel are followed and one can feel the
vibrations going into the tendons. The result is that the tendons
and the organs in the abdomen are activated. This provides many
benefits. If any tension is felt deeper in an area, the tapping can be
done slightly harder. The process also entails touching the area being worked to see if there is more or less tension in that spot. Once
again, palpating an area is very important to ascertain whether it is
in need of more treatment or not.

52

 The area under the navel is also tapped. A smaller and flatter
pestle is used and it is placed at an angle as the tapping is done.
Angles are used in this and other areas because they allow extra
depth to the vibrations in the tendons.

Positions
1. Supine
2. Prone
3. Side
4. Sitting

Fig. 36 Hammering Sen Sib

53

Figure 36 shows supine lying and hammering of the vicinity around

the navel and abdomen. This area of the body is crucial because of
its relationship with the entire rest of the body. It pertains not just to
the specific area of the abdomen, but to internal organs and energy
channels in other portions of the body as well. Proper treatment
of the region surrounding the navel releases stress and tension.
Furthermore, it helps the channels let go of negative emotions that
have collected and caused excessive accumulation of blood and
other life forces.
After the area around the navel is completed, the lines beginning at the bottom of the rib cage are tapped. This is started in the
center of the torso in the area of the rib cage. In the event that a
section is found to be particularly tight, it is tapped slightly harder,
sending the vibrations deeper. Wood is especially good at transmitting vibrations into the nerves and muscles. In addition, a primary
problem is the blood vessels, which cling to the bones too rigidly
and become inflexible. Tok Sen is excellent for treating this problem
and the associated issues accompanying it. The treatment clears
the blockages that are causing anatomical problems and pain or
discomfort.
The next area for treatment is the chest area. To start, the region around and in the rib cage is felt and rocked back and forth a
little. This gives an idea as to where the treatment must be more
concentrated. The tools of Tok Sen permit us to go much deeper in
this area than we could using the fingers alone. They also provide
other benefits such as those mentioned above.
The procedure for this portion of the body is started near the
collarbone. Both sides of the body are treated to insure balance.
After those two areas are completed, the area between the rib
cage and the area between each rib are done. There is a sliding
and simultaneously tapping method; tap, tap, tap while slowly sliding the pestle. The tapping is done lightly and carefully. Among the
benefits of this treatment is the opening of the lungs. Frequently
those receiving the treatment can quickly notice the improvement in
their breathing. It is a great help for those who suffer from asthma.

54

It is also good for the heart and can help prevent heart attacks. This
technique loosens the tendons under the heart, which are partially
responsible for heart attacks. It keeps things clear of blockages and
rigidity. The reason for this is that the channel influencing the heart
is located in this region.

Position 1- Supine

Fig. 37 Hammering the Abdomen

It cannot be emphasized enough that the fingers also need to

touch and put some pressure in the region of the procedure in order to ascertain if additional Tok Sen must be done. The tendons,
muscles and nerves are all worked using the method outlined. The
55

bigger round pestle is used next in the same areas: the abdomen
and chest. This improves the circulation because the pressure from
the treatment radiates over a wider circumference. The person lies
supine while the navel region and entire upper torso of the body
are tapped. The area treated includes the rib cage and extends up
to the shoulders.
The tapping releases energy that is trapped in the channels of
the body. It also frees blood vessels and tendons that are stuck
to the bones. Significant lines and points are tapped and this sends
healing vibration into these areas, which influence the body. There
are ten points in the vicinity of the navel (see Figure 37).

Fig. 38 Hammering the Chest

56

Figure 38 illustrates in more detail how and where Tok Sen is applied to the chest. It should be kept in mind that organs have fascia,
tendons and ligaments supporting them. Generally, the treatment
of the upper torso begins just below the collarbone. One next goes
down to the rib cage and particularly the areas between the ribs.

Fig. 39 Hammering near the Clavicle

Above are illustrations showing Tok Sen being applied to the clavicle
or collarbone. The fundamental techniques of Tok Sen, of course,
are applied to treat this region. One point worth reiterating is that
even though Tok Sen tools are used here, as they are elsewhere
on the body, palpation is still necessary. Palpation allows the practitioner to better ascertain areas that need further treatment as
well as be more familiar with the overall progress of the individual
being treated.
57

Fig. 40 Hammering the Ribcage

Figure 40 gives more detailed views of the how the rib cage is
treated. The therapist can tap very lightly on the bones as the pestle
is slid downward while tapping. The area between each pair of ribs
is tapped.
Of course, treatment of the chest has beneficial influences on
the circulatory system. Negative particles, including heavy metals,
can cause obstructions in the circulatory system and accumulate
in the organs. This has an adverse impact on bodily functions. Tok
Sen can assist in dealing with such issues.

58

Fig. 41 Hammering the Elbow

The elbow is shown in Figure 41. On the following pages there

are additional illustrations pertaining to the arm in addition to a
discussion of the procedure to follow. Tok Sen is useful for many
difficulties related to the arm. The joints, of course, are particularly
significant. In the case of the elbow, there are significant points that
need to be noted. Those points, as well as the region to hammer,
are shown in Figure 41.
59

- Treat arm and hand numbness and arm or grasping

immobility.

Fig. 42 Hammer at the Arm and Palm to treat numbness in the arms
and hand and for restricted arm and hand range of motion.

60

Arm, Hand and Shoulder Area

First the area in the shoulder region is palpated while the individual
pushes on the practitioners hand. This pushing makes the tendon
in the shoulder taut and problems can be felt more easily. The
pushing is done in different directions such that the tendon and
muscles loosen the part that is tightened. Consequently the entire
area can be checked.
The procedure starts with the top part of the arm near the shoulder. Generally for the muscle a larger pestle is used and for a tendon
a smaller one. This is obviously because the muscles are larger
than the nerves. The tapping moves from the top of the arm down
to the bottom. It is done on the inside portion of each arm first. This
helps loosen blood vessels that are stuck to the bone. The treatment is accomplished for largely preventative reasons because if
the area is too rigid or sticky there can be issues with the health
and well-being of the individual. Following that area, the palm of
the hand is treated. After the palm of the hand is treated, the back
side of the hand is treated. The practitioner proceeds down through
each finger and then the thumb. The tapping is done on the outside
of the bone with the palm of the hand facing up. To begin with, the
muscle line is treated and followed by the tendon line. Tapping is
done on the bone and there is a sliding outward movement in the
manner that has been previously discussed. There is a tap, tap, tap
while sliding the pestle. It is essential to be gentle and careful. The
smaller the area receiving treatment determines the appropriately
sized pestle.
Since the tendons are so important and interconnected to everything, keeping them in balance can help us feel and look younger.
We look younger because of factors like our movements and posture. Simply put, when the tendons get hard, we get old.

61

Fig. 43 Hammering to release arm numbness

62

Arm Pain
Cause: Overused. (Such as carrying, lifting etc.)
Indication: Arm pain, muscle spasm and tightness.

Fig. 44 Hammering Back of Hand

Arm pain can come about as the result of many factors including
overexertion. Tok Sen can assist with this issue and be of particular
help with those who are involved in repetitive or strenuous tasks
involving the arms. Figure 44 shows the palm of the hand, which is
generally treated at the same time as the arm.

63

Groin Pain
Tok Sen applied to is the groin area. The procedure is started in
the area of the hipbone. The hammer and pestle are used
in that area always moving away from the bone and in a sliding
motion. Next, the practitioner moves on to the groin area itself. The
hammering is done in a motion that moves it away from the bone.
It is important here and in all locations to not stay on the bone.
After this the procedure moves to the middle of the thigh and the
practitioner moves down that direction toward the knee. First the
tapping is done straight down beside each side of the bone. This
is followed by tapping out and away from the bone until the entire
length of the area has been treated.

Fig. 45 Hammering the Groin

The groin area, shown in Figure 45 is both significant as well as

delicate. Caution in this region, as with all places on the human
anatomy, needs to be utilized when treatment is applied. The correct
positions for the individual receiving the treatment are shown. In
addition the correct method of hammering is illustrated. The hammering or tapping here, as elsewhere, releases energy that is that
is stuck; particularly in stiff or rigid areas.
64

Leg Pain
The next area of the body to receive therapy is the leg. First, the
leg is bent with the knee facing upward. The outside of the thigh is
then treated, using a bigger sized pestle for the muscles and, as
with other parts of the body, a smaller one for the tendons. The top
part of the thigh is done next and then the practitioner moves to
the inside. The leg is a good example of a location that the thumb
itself has difficulty treating because the muscles there are so large.
The thumb gets sore and tired when doing such a large and strong
area. Tok Sen is the perfect tool to use. This procedure allows the
tendons, nerves and ligaments to spread out.

- Treat knee pain, shin and popliteal (back of knee) problems.

Fig. 46 Hammering inside of Lower Limbs

Figure 46 above shows the lowers limbs. Treatment of the legs and
feet is shown on the next several pages. Once again, the arrows
point to the direction of the Tok Sen treatment. First it is downward,
along a significant meridian, and then outward along that meridian.
Tapping directly on the bone is not done, but the Tok Sen practitioner
can use the bone as a reference point and tap while sliding away
from the bone. Palpation is necessary in order to determine areas
that need special attention.
65

Fig. 47 Hammering the Sides of the Lower Limbs

Figure 47 shows the way Tok Sen is applied to the lower limbs.
Notice that the legs are bent at the knees. In general, it is best to
stretch out and relax the legs a little at first. This can be done simply
by bending the leg and then putting it down flat a few times. After
this is done the treatment can commence. This body management
can help alleviate leg pain as well as back pain because of the close
connection between the lower body and the back.
66

Knee Pain
Next the knee is done. A small pillow or device to bend the knee
slightly is placed under the leg. The leg under the knee should be
supported with, for example, a small pillow such that the knee is
bent. The knee faces upward. The kneecap is circled and the tapping is done moving in an outward direction always sliding away
from the kneecap itself. The tapping of the Tok Sen is down around
the knee always using an outward motion. This is excellent therapy
for knee pain just as treating the elbow is superb for conditions like
tennis elbow. Make sure to go outward from the knee with the tapping. Never use an inward motion.
The procedure next moves on to the calf. The practitioner begins
with moving done along the large calf bone; starting under the knee
and actually going down to the top of the foot. Patience and attention
to detail is required. This is true for all the treatment. In addition,
however, the individual being treated must exercise patience.
- Knee pain, knee swelling caused by patella dislocation,
muscle tightness and walking difficulties.

Fig. 48 Hammering the Knee

67

 This is the case because a treatment requires at least one hour

and normally two hours. Even the legs alone can sometimes take
one hour. Additional patience is required because the benefits of
Tok Sen therapy are generally not instantaneous and often require
more than one treatment. Furthermore, they usually require maintenance treatments.
Figures 48 and 49 show the knee. The patella is the kneecap.
This joint, likes all joints in the human body, is important, but the
knee, because of its function, is subject to a lot of stress and strain.
A number of issues can be treated with the Tok Sen method. Of
course, the practitioner should never strike directly on the patella
itself. The correct procedure is illustrated in Figures 48 and 49.
One hammers around the patella using a sliding method. This is
particularly effective in terms of reducing and even eliminating pain.
- Hammer around the patella, around patella tendon, popliteal
(back of knee) area, calf tendon to Achilles tendon. All pain will
disappear.

Fig. 49 Hammering around the Patella

68

Ankle Pain

Fig. 50 Hammering the Ankle

Figure 50 shows the method for Tok Sen treatment of the ankle.
The basic principles and procedures used elsewhere on the body
are applied here. The ankle is an important connecting point on the
extremities because it is located where the foot and the leg meet.
There is a very strong ligament in the ankle that makes this connection. Numerous issues can arise in the ankle and Tok Sen has
proven to be an effective treatment for many of them.
69

 With the shin, similarly, there is an outward motion away from

the bone. After doing the area along the shinbone in an outward
motion, the practitioner goes on to move in a downward motion.
Then, after that is completed, the pronged or forked pestle is used
to tap simultaneously along both sides of the bone.
The top of the ankle receives treatment using the pronged pestle
as well. The practitioner should determine the appropriate areas
first. These can be discerned easily by feeling and lightly squeezing the area. The pronged pestle is used not only for the top of the
ankle, but for any areas that would benefit from treatment on both
sides. Touching an area and a bit of common sense allows one to
know which pestle to use. Of course this is also true of knowing
exactly where to apply the treatment. The more experience one
has, the more our sense of touch is developed such that our fingers
know what they are touching. For example, one can actually feel
the area that is causing the tennis elbow. Lumbar pain, thigh pain,
thigh muscles tightness caused by falling down or falling from a
high place can cause the sacrum to compress tendons resulting in
walking difficulties.

thigh pain
After the ankle is treated the leg is addressed. A sliding motion,
beginning under the knee and moving downward all the way to the
top of the foot, is used. The thigh area is done following a straight
line and the sections of it are done moving away from the line that
was used from the torso to the knee. The sections are done first on
the inner part of the thigh and then the outer part. These should be
done line by line. The sliding motion can be assisted by applying a
small amount of oil to the area.
Figure 51 shows the legs including, in the bottom photograph,
the thigh. Lumbar issues along with thigh muscle tightness can
be treated with the Tok Sen method. It should be kept in mind that
many problems in the back actually are related to the legs because
they can change the position of the spine. Tok Sen helps loosen
and relax the muscles and tendons in the leg such that they can
perform their function in a more natural fashion without distorting
the spine.
70

Fig. 51 Hammering the Thigh

71

Position 2 - Prone

Fig. 52 Prone position

- Hammering the lumbar area on both sides, and Hamstring

area (back of thigh). Muscles will loosen and relax. All pain
will disappear.
Position 2 for prone is shown in Figure 52. This position is assumed for hammering the entire area of the back and legs. This
includes all the major muscles groups and the significant lines in
the posterior portion of the body. It also extends down to the calf,
hamstring and Achilles tendons and soles. Proper and knowledgeable treatment by a well-qualified Tok Sen, practitioner along with
maintenance, is extraordinarily important for the quality of life of
individuals.
72

Spinal Pain
- Paravertebral pain, tightness and restricted range of motion for
the trunk caused by tendon compressed by bone and spinal cord
inflammation.

Fig. 53 Hammering the Spinal Cord

Figure 53 shows the spinal cord; one of the most significant parts
of the human body in terms of proper function and mobility. It
should be immediately noted that because of the critical nature of
the spine, caution is in order. For example, the practitioner never
hammers directly on the spine. However, if care is exercised, Tok
Sen treatment can greatly assist in not just mobility but in relieving
issues connected to compressed tendons precipitated by the boney
structures of the spine. Such problems can result in tightness, stiffness and the pain associated with such problems.
73

- Hammer at paravertibral muscles to lumbar up and down 10

times. Muscles will loosen and relax. All pain will disappear.

Fig. 54 Hammering the Paravertibral Muscles

Figure 54 shows more details in treatment of the posterior portion of

the torso. Observe how the practitioner first hammers down along
each side of the spine, but not on the spine. Next, each side of
the spine is hammered downward and away from the spine itself;
moving and sliding away with each tapping. Doing this properly
results in the easing of stiffness and pain not just in the back, but
also other regions of the body because of the lines and connections
associated with it.
74

- Treat lumbar pain and spinal cord inflammation.

Low back pain, lumbar sprain, limited range of motion in trunk due
to excessive activity or weight, caused by too much hard work
or carrying heavy things resulting in spondylolisthesis (forward
displacement of a vertebra).

- Hammer at lumbar area. Muscles will loosen and relax.

- All pain will disappear.
Fig. 55 Hammering the Lumbar area

The lower portion of the back or lumbar area is shown in the illustrations in Figure 55. Pain, rigidity and other problems can be located
here because of stress, heavy lifting or strains. This can make it
difficult, for example, for an individual to bend over. Thorough treatment of the lumbar area can even assist with problems such as
spondylolisthesis, or displacement of vertebra. Only a highly trained
Tok Sen practitioner should undertake the later. How and where to
apply the treatment is shown above.
75

Coccyx Bone

Fig. 56 Hammering the Coccyx Bone

As the practitioner continues to move down the posterior portion of

the body, the next area treated is the coccyx. The common term for
that is the tailbone and it is the bottom part of the vertebral column.
That region and the general method for hammering is illustrated
above. In order to determine whether there are problems emanating from the coccyx, careful palpation is necessary. Of course, the
Tok Sen practitioner must always keep in mind that while the tools
used for treatments are very valuable, there is no substitute for the
human sensations in the experienced practitioners hands.
76

Fig. 57 Hammering the Back of Thigh

Figure 57 and Figure 58 show the posterior parts of the leg. Once
again, the method for treatment is shown. In general, of course,
the same principles apply here as with other parts of the body. The
appropriate hammering of the areas follows carefully noting the
proper lines, meridians, tendons and muscles using the hands.
The anterior parts of the leg have already been discussed and the
significance of the knee joints pointed out.
77

Fig. 58 Hammering the backside of Knee

78

Fig. 59 Hammering the Sole of the Foot

Figure 59 shows the sole of the foot and the method for hammering. Notice that the therapist moves from the heel down toward
the toes, following the proper lines. Palpation is used to verify the
location of the lines.

79

Gua Sha
Gua Sha is a significant technique in the practice of Traditional
Chinese Medicine. The name is comprised of the two Chinese
characters Gua, meaning to scrape or rub, and Sha meaning sand.
This name indicates both the action and the visual result of the
practice. Gua Sha includes scraping the skin with the rounded edge
of an instrument to encourage the formation of petechiae, red spots
on the surface of the skin that resemble sand called sha, that will
fade in 2 to 3 days.
Raising Sha removes blood stagnation considered pathogenic,
promoting normal circulation and metabolic processes.The patient
experiences immediate relief from pain, stiffness, fever, chills, cough,
nausea, and so on. Gua Sha is valuable in the prevention and
treatment of acute infectious illness, upper respiratory and digestive
problems, and many other acute or chronic disorders.

Fig. 60 Gua Sha Hand Reflexology

80

Figure 60 shows Gua Sha being applied to the hand. The hand is
an excellent place to apply the principles of reflexology because it
is akin to a mirror of the human body. These principles, which aim
to treat pain or disease, are in addition to the overall health benefits
of Gua Sha therapy.
Relative to the hand, the point to remember is that there are
specific locations that correspond to different parts of the body. Furthermore, this is true regardless of the hand, left or right, or gender,
male or female, of the individual receiving treatment. For example,
the thumb and little finger correspond to the legs, the index and ring
fingers the arms, and the middle finger the spine. Pain in a specific
area is generally associated with a nodule or bump on the skin in
a relevant position.

Fig. 61 Gua Sha Tools made from Natural Horn

Figure 61 shows various Gua Sha tools. In this case, they are made
from natural horn. The tools can be used in different locations on
the body, for different purposes or for different people.
81

Gua Sha Therapy Technique

Upward to downward

Inward to outward

Upward to downward

Inward to outward

Fig. 62 Gua Sha Technique

The drawings above show techniques for Gua Sha application to

different parts of the body. Overall health can be promoted by using
these techniques. In general, the technique is done directly on the
skin surface; thus applying oil prior to treatment is useful.
82

Facial Gua Sha Massage

Gua Sha is a therapeutic treatment with a health texture.

Fig. 63 Gua Sha Facial Massage

The Gua Sha treatment can be applied to virtually any area of the
body. The face is no exception. Figure 63 shows the significant
points for application as well as the different general areas than
can be treated.
For More Information on this Booklet and the Original Book, Chi
Nei Ching from Inner Traditions website: www.innertraditions.
com or it can be ordered at a local bookstore.
83

Master School

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