Reni Alfiyani - Pka14

TUGAS KIMIA ANALITIK 1
Kesetimbangan Asam-Basa dan

Kesetimbangan Endapan
Oleh:
Reni Alfiyani
14030194086
PENDIDIKAN KIMIA A 2014
JURUSAN KIMIA
FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU
PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA
2015
Untuk CB = 10-1 M
A. Perhitungan
pH = 1
pOH = pKw pH
= 14 1
= 13
pOH
= -log [OH-]
-13
-log 10 = -log [OH-]
[OH-]
= 10-13
OH
OH
[NH4OH] =
[NH4+] =
= 0,999x10-1
= 9,99x10-2
-log [NH4+]
= -log (9,99x10-2)
= 1,000434512
10
- log [ NH 4 OH ] =log ( 5,556 10 )
1,8 x 105 x 0,555 x 105

13
10
=9,2552377629344
= 5,555 x 10-9
OH
1 =
Kb
=
10
1014
1,80000001 x 105
14
x Cb
NH
OH
[ 4 OH ]
Kb x
13
13
10
13
5
10 +1,8 x 10
x 10-1
= 0,555x10-9
OH
OH
0 =
1013
13
5
10 +1,8 x 10
10
+1,8 x 105
1,8 x 105
1013 +1,8 x 105
= 0,999999994 = 1
[OH-]2 + Kb [OH-] Kb.Cb

=(10-13)2 + 1,8x10-5 (10-13) (1,8x10-5) (10-1)
=10-26 + 1,8x10-18 1,8x10-6
= -1,8x10-6
[OH-]3 + Kb (OH-)2 (Kw + Kb.Cb) [OH-] + Kb.Kw = 0
[[10-13]3 + 1,8x10-5 ((10-13)2)-[(10-14 + 1,8x10-5 x 10-1 )(10-13)] + 1,8x10-5 x 10-14] = 0
[10-39 + 1,8x10-31 1,80000001x10-19 + 1,8x10-19]= 0
-1x10-27
=0
pH 2
OH
OH
[NH4OH] =
pOH = pKw pH
= 14 2
= 12
pOH
= -log [OH-]
-12
[OH-]
= 10-12
x Cb
12
10
12
10 +1,8 x 105
x 10-1
= 5,555555247x10-9
[NH4+] =
NH
OH
[ 4 OH ]
Kb x
=
OH
OH
0 =
= 0,0999999994
-log [NH4+]
= -log (0,099999994)
= 1,0000000261
9
- log [ NH 4 OH ] =log ( 5,555555 10 )
=8,2552377629344
9
1,8 x 10 x 5,55 x 10
12
10
12
10
12
5
10 +1,8 x 10
= 5,555 x 10-8
OH
1 =
Kb
1,8 x 105
1012 +1,8 x 105
= 0,999999944 = 1

=(10-12)2 + 1,8x10-5 (10-12) (1,8x10-5) (10-1)
=10-24 + 1,8x10-17 1,8x10-6
= -1,8x10-6
[[10-12]3 + 1,8x10-5 ((10-12)2)-[(10-14 + 1,8x10-5 x 10-1 )(10-12)] + 1,8x10-5 x 10-14] = 0
[10-36 + 1,8x10-29 1,80000001x10-18 + 1,8x10-19]= 0
-1,62000001x10-18
=0
pH 3
pOH = pKw pH
= 14 3
= 11
pOH
= -log [OH-]
-11
[OH-]
= 10-11
OH
OH
[NH4OH] =
x Cb
1011
1011 +1,8 x 105
x 10-1
= 5,555552469x10-8
[NH4+] =
NH
OH
[ 4 OH ]
Kb x
1,8 x 105 x 5,55 x 108

1011
= 0,099999944
-log [NH4+] = -log (0,099999944)
= 1,000000243
log [ NH 4 OH ] =log ( 5,55555247 108 )
=7,2552727463887
OH
OH
0 =
= 5,555 x 10-7
OH
1 =
Kb
=
11
10
11
10
+1,8 x 105
1,8 x 105
11
5
10 +1,8 x 10
= 0,999999444 = 1

=(10-11)2 + 1,8x10-5 (10-11) (1,8x10-5) (10-1)
=10-22 + 1,8x10-16 1,8x10-6
= -1,8x10-6
[[10-11]3 + 1,8x10-5 ((10-11)2)-[(10-14 + 1,8x10-5 x 10-1 )(10-11)] + 1,8x10-5 x 10-14] = 0
[10-33 + 1,8x10-27 1,80000001x10-17 + 1,8x10-19]= 0
-1,78200001x10-17
=0
pH 4
pOH = pKw pH
= 14 4
= 10
pOH
= -log [OH-]
-10
[OH-]
= 10-10
OH
OH
[NH4OH] =
x Cb
1010
10
5
10 +1,8 x 10
x 10-1
= 5,555524692x10-7
[NH4+] =
NH
OH
[ 4 OH ]
Kb x
1,8 x 105 x 5,55 x 107

1010
= 0,099999444
-log [NH4+]
= -log (0,099999444)
= 1,000002415
=6,2552749178069
log [ NH 4 OH ] =log ( 5,555524692 107 )
OH
OH
0 =
= 5,555 x 10-6
OH
1 =
Kb
=
10
10
10
10
+1,8 x 105
1,8 x 105
1010 +1,8 x 105
= 0,999994444 = 1

=(10-10)2 + 1,8x10-5 (10-10) (1,8x10-5) (10-1)
=10-20 + 1,8x10-15 1,8x10-6
= -1,799x10-6= -1,799999998x10-6
[[10-10]3 + 1,8x10-5 ((10-10)2)-[(10-14 + 1,8x10-5 x 10-1 )(10-10)] + 1,8x10-5 x 10-14] = 0
[10-30 + 1,8x10-25 1,80000001x10-16 + 1,8x10-19]= 0
-1,798200008x10-16
=0
pH 5
pOH = pKw pH
= 14 5
=9
pOH
= -log [OH-]
-log 10-9 = -log [OH-]
[OH-]
= 10-9
OH
OH
[NH4OH] =
x Cb
109
9
5
10 +1,8 x 10
= 5,555246931x10-6
x 10-1
[NH4+] =
NH
OH
[ 4 OH ]
Kb x
= 0,099994444
-log [NH4+] = -log (0,099994444)
= 1,00002413
log [ NH 4 OH ] =log ( 5,555246931 106 )
=5,2552966318829
1,8 x 105 x 5,55 x 106

109
OH
OH
0 =
= 5,555 x 10-5
OH
1 =
Kb
=
9
10
10 +1,8 x 105
1,8 x 105
109+1,8 x 105
= 0,999944447 = 1

=(10-9)2 + 1,8x10-5 (10-9) (1,8x10-5) (10-1)
=10-18 + 1,8x10-14 1,8x10-6
= -1,799x10-6 = -1,799999982x10-6
[[10-9]3 + 1,8x10-5 ((10-9)2)-[(10-14 + 1,8x10-5 x 10-1 )(10-9)] + 1,8x10-5 x 10-14] = 0
[10-27 + 1,8x10-23 1,80000001x10-15 + 1,8x10-19]= 0
-1,799819992x10-15
=0
pH 6
pOH = pKw pH
= 14 6
=8
pOH
= -log [OH-]
-8
[OH-]
= 10-8
OH
OH
[NH4OH] =
x Cb
[NH4+] =
108
108+1,8 x 105
= 5,55247085x10-5
x 10-1
NH
OH
[ 4 OH ]
Kb x
-log [NH4+]
= 1,000241209
log [ NH 4 OH ] =log ( 5,55247085 105 )
1,8 x 105 x 5,52 x 105

108
=4,2555137127826
= 0,099944475
OH
OH
0 =
= -log (0,099944475)
= 5,552 x 10-4
OH
1 =
Kb
108
108+1,8 x 105
1,8 x 10
8
5
10 +1,8 x 10
= 0,999444752 = 1

=(10-8)2 + 1,8x10-5 (10-8) (1,8x10-5) (10-1)
=10-16 + 1,8x10-13 1,8x10-6
= -1,79999982x10-6
[[10-8]3 + 1,8x10-5 ((10-8)2)-[(10-14 + 1,8x10-5 x 10-1 )(10-8)] + 1,8x10-5 x 10-14] = 0
[10-24 + 1,8x10-21 1,80000001x10-14 + 1,8x10-19]= 0
-1,79998183x10-14
=0
pH 7
pOH = pKw pH
= 14 7
=7
pOH
= -log [OH-]
-log 10-7 = -log [OH-]
[OH-]
= 10-7
OH
OH
[NH4OH] =
x Cb
= 0,099447513
-log [NH4+]
log [ NH 4 OH ] =log ( 5,524861878 104 )
4
OH
OH
0 =
=3,257678749048
= 5,525 x 10-3
OH
1 =
Kb
=
7
= -log (0,099447513)
= 1,002406073
1,8 x 10 x 5,524 x 10
107
x 10-1
= 5,524861878x10-4
NH
OH
[ 4 OH ]
Kb x
[NH4+] =
107
107 +1,8 x 105
10
5
10 +1,8 x 10
1,8 x 105
107 +1,8 x 105
= 0,994475138 = 1

=(10-7)2 + 1,8x10-5 (10-7) (1,8x10-5) (10-1)
=10-14 + 1,8x10-12 1,8x10-6
= -1,79999819x10-6
[[10-7]3 + 1,8x10-5 ((10-7)2)-[(10-14 + 1,8x10-5 x 10-1 )(10-7)] + 1,8x10-5 x 10-14] = 0
[10-21 + 1,8x10-19 1,80000001x10-13 + 1,8x10-19]= 0
-1,7999964x10-13
=0
pH 8
pOH = pKw pH
= 14 8
=6
pOH
= -log [OH-]
-log 10-6 = -log [OH-]
[OH-]
= 10-6
OH
OH
[NH4OH] =
x Cb
10
6
10 +1,8 x 105
x 10-1
= 5,263157895x10-3
[NH4+] =
NH
OH
[ 4 OH ]
Kb x
= 0,09468
= 9,468x10-2
-log [NH4+] = -log (9,468x10-2)
= 1,023741751
log [ NH 4 OH ] =log ( 5,263157895 103 )
1,8 x 105 x 5,26 x 103

6
10
OH
OH
0 =
=2,2787536009311
= 5,26 x 10-2
OH
1 =
Kb
=
6
10
10 +1,8 x 105
1,8 x 10
6
5
10 +1,8 x 10
= 0,947368421 = 1

=(10-6)2 + 1,8x10-5 (10-6) (1,8x10-5) (10-1)
=10-12 + 1,8x10-11 1,8x10-6
= -1,799981x10-6
[[10-6]3 + 1,8x10-5 ((10-6)2)-[(10-14 + 1,8x10-5 x 10-1 )(10-6)] + 1,8x10-5 x 10-14] = 0
[10-18 + 1,8x10-17 1,80000001x10-12 + 1,8x10-19]= 0

-1,79998083x10-12
=0
pH 9
OH
OH
[NH4OH] =
pOH = pKw pH
= 14 9
=5
pOH
= -log [OH-]
-5
[OH-]
= 10-5
x Cb
105
105 +1,8 x 105
x 10-1
= 3,57x10-2
= 0,035714285
[NH4+] =
NH
OH
[ 4 OH ]
Kb x
= 6,426x10-2
= 6,43x10-2
= 0,064285713
-log [NH4+] = -log (0,064285713)
= 1,191885535
-
log [ NH 4 OH ] =log ( 0,035714285 )
1,8 x 10 x 3,57 x 10
105
OH
OH
0 =
=1,4471580400281
= 3,57 x 10-1
OH
1 =
Kb
=
5
10
10 +1,8 x 105
1,8 x 105
105 +1,8 x 105

=(10-5)2 + 1,8x10-5 (10-5) (1,8x10-5) (10-1)
=10-10 + 1,8x10-10 1,8x10-6
= 0,642857142 = 6,43 x 10-1
= -1,79972x10-6
[[10-5]3 + 1,8x10-5 ((10-5)2)-[(10-14 + 1,8x10-5 x 10-1 )(10-5)] + 1,8x10-5 x 10-14] = 0
[10-15 + 1,8x10-15 1,80000001x10-11 + 1,8x10-19]= 0
-1,799719992x10-11
=0
pH 10
OH
OH
[NH4OH] =
pOH = pKw pH
= 14 10
=4
pOH
= -log [OH-]
-log 10-4 = -log [OH-]
[OH-]
= 10-4
x Cb
104
104 +1,8 x 105
x 10-1
= 8,47x10-2
= 0,084745762
[NH4+] =
NH
OH
[ 4 OH ]
Kb x
= 1,52x10-2
= 0,015254237
-log [NH4+] = -log (0,015254237)
= 1,816609516
-
log [ NH 4 OH ] =log ( 0,084745762 )

=1,0718820109542
1,8 x 10 x 8,47 x 10
4
10
OH
OH
0 =
= 8,47 x 10-1
OH
1 =
Kb
=
4
10
10 +1,8 x 105
1,8 x 10
4
5
10 +1,8 x 10
= 0,152542372 = 1,53 x 10-1

=(10-4)2 + 1,8x10-5 (10-4) (1,8x10-5) (10-1)
=10-8 + 1,8x10-9 1,8x10-6
= -1,7882x10-6
[[10-4]3 + 1,8x10-5 ((10-4)2)-[(10-14 + 1,8x10-5 x 10-1 )(10-4)] + 1,8x10-5 x 10-14] = 0
[10-12 + 1,8x10-13 1,80000001x10-10 + 1,8x10-19]= 0
-1,788200008x10-10
=0
pH 11
OH
OH
[NH4OH] =
pOH = pKw pH
= 14 11
=3
pOH
= -log [OH-]
-3
[OH-]
= 10-3
x Cb
10
3
10 +1,8 x 105
x 10-1
= 9,82x10-2
= 0,098231827
[NH4+] =
NH
OH
[ 4 OH ]
Kb x
= 1,7676x10-3
= 1,77x10-3
= 1,768172886x10-3
-log [NH4+] = -log (1,7964x10-4)
= 3,745596954
-
log [ NH 4 OH ] =log ( 0,098231827 )
1,8 x 10 x 9,82 x 10
3
10
=1,007747784958
OH
OH
0 =
= 9,82 x 10-1
OH
1 =
Kb
=
3
10
10 +1,8 x 105
1,8 x 105
3
5
10 +1,8 x 10
= 0,017681728 = 1,77 x 10-2

=(10-3)2 + 1,8x10-5 (10-3) (1,8x10-5) (10-1)
=10-6 + 1,8x10-8 1,8x10-6
= -7,82x10-7
[[10-3]3 + 1,8x10-5 ((10-3)2)-[(10-14 + 1,8x10-5 x 10-1 )(10-3)] + 1,8x10-5 x 10-14] = 0
[10-9 + 1,8x10-11 1,80000001x10-9 + 1,8x10-19]= 0
-7,820000098x10-10
=0
pH 12
pOH = pKw pH
= 14 12
=2
pOH
= -log [OH-]
-2
[OH-]
= 10-2
OH
OH
[NH4OH] =
x Cb
102
2
5
10 +1,8 x 10
x 10-1
= 9,98x10-2
= 0,099820323
[NH4+] =
NH
OH
[ 4 OH ]
Kb x
1,8 x 105 x 9,98 x 102

2
10
= 1,7964x10-4
log [ NH 4 OH ] =log ( 0,099820323 )
-log [NH4+] = -log (1,768172886x10-3)

= 2,752475273
=1,0007810291715
OH
OH
0 =
= 9,98 x 10-1
OH
1 =
Kb
102
102+1,8 x 105
1,8 x 105
102+1,8 x 105
= 1,796765822 x 10-3 = 1,79 x 10-3

=(10-2)2 + 1,8x10-5 (10-2) (1,8x10-5) (10-1)
=10-4 + 1,8x10-7 1,8x10-6
= 9,838x10-5
[[10-2]3 + 1,8x10-5 ((10-2)2)-[(10-14 + 1,8x10-5 x 10-1 )(10-2)] + 1,8x10-5 x 10-14] = 0
[10-6 + 1,8x10-9 1,80000001x10-8 + 1,8x10-19]= 0
9,837999999x10-7
=0
pH 13
pOH = pKw pH
= 14 13
=1
pOH
= -log [OH-]
-1
[OH-]
= 10-1
OH
OH
[NH4OH] =
x Cb
10
1
5
10 +1,8 x 10
= 9,998x10-2
= 0,099982003
x 10-1
NH
OH
[ 4 OH ]
Kb x
[NH4+] =
1,8 x 105 x 9,998 x 102

101
= 1,799676054x10-5
-log [NH4+] = -log (1,799676054x10-5)
= 4,744805662
-
log [ NH 4 OH ] =log ( 0,099982003 )

=1,000078167012
OH
OH
0 =
= 9,998 x 10-1
OH
1 =
Kb
=
1
10
10 +1,8 x 105
1,8 x 105
101 +1,8 x 105
= 1,799676058 x 10-4 = 1,79 x 10-4

=(10-1)2 + 1,8x10-5 (10-1) (1,8x10-5) (10-1)
=10-2 + 1,8x10-6 1,8x10-6
= 0,01
[[10-1]3 + 1,8x10-5 ((10-1)2)-[(10-14 + 1,8x10-5 x 10-1 )(10-1)] + 1,8x10-5 x 10-14] = 0
[10-3 + 1,8x10-7 1,80000001x10-7 + 1,8x10-19]= 0
10-3
=0
pH 14
pOH = pKw pH
= 14 14
=0
pOH
= -log [OH-]
-0
[OH-]
= 10-0
[OH ]
=1
OH
OH
[NH4OH] =
x Cb
1
1+1,8 x 105
[NH4+] =
= 9,9998x10-2
= 0,0999982
x 10-1
NH
OH
[ 4 OH ]
Kb x
1,8 x 105 x 9,9998 x 102

1
= 1,7999676054x10-6
-log [NH4+] = -log (1,7999676054x10-6)
= 5,744735311
-
log [ NH 4 OH ] =log ( 0,0999982 )

=1,000007817371
OH
OH
0 =
= 9,9998 x 10-1
OH
1 =
Kb
=
=
1 +1,8 x 105
1,8 x 105
5
1+1,8 x 10
= 1,799967601 x 10-5 = 1,79 x 10-5

=(1)2 + 1,8x10-5 (1) (1,8x10-5) (10-1)
=1 + 1,8x10-5 1,8x10-6
= 1,0000162
[[1]3 + 1,8x10-5 ((1)2)-[(10-14 + 1,8x10-5 x 10-1 )(1)] + 1,8x10-5 x 10-14] = 0
[1 + 1,8x10-5 1,80000001x10-6 + 1,8x10-19]= 0
1,0000162
=0
B. Tabel
p [OHH
]
1E13
1E12
1E11
1E10
0,00
0000
001
0,00
0000
01
0,00
0000
1
0,00
0001
0,00
001
1
0
0,00
01
1
1
0,00
1
1
2
0,01
1
3
0,1
[NH
+
4 ]
0,1
0,09
999
999
4
0,09
999
994
4
0,09
999
944
4
0,09
999
444
5
0,09
994
447
5
0,09
944
751
4
0,09
473
684
2
0,06
428
571
4
0,01
525
423
7
0,00
176
817
3
0,00
017
967
7
1,79
968
E-05
[NH4
OH]
log[
NH4+
]
log[N
H4OH]
[OH-]2 +
[OH-]kb Kb*cb
[OH-]3 + Kb [OH-]2
(Kw + Kb*Cb) [OH-] +
Kb*Kw
9,2552
72508
5,555
56E09
0,999
9999
94
-1,8E-06
-9,9982E-28
0,999
9999
44
-1,8E-06
-1,62E-18
5,555
56E10
5,555
56E09
1,000
0000
24
8,2552
72529
5,555
56E08
5,555
55E08
1,000
0002
41
7,2552
72746
5,555
55E07
0,999
9994
44
-1,8E-06
-1,782E-17
5,555
52E07
1,000
0024
13
6,2552
74918
5,555
52E06
0,999
9944
44
-1,8E-06
-1,7982E-16
5,555
25E06
1,000
0241
27
5,2552
96632
5,555
25E05
0,999
9444
48
-1,8E-06
-1,79982E-15
5,552
47E05
1,000
2412
08
4,2555
13713
0,000
5552
47
0,999
4447
53
-1,8E-06
-1,79998E-14
0,000
55248
6
1,002
4060
7
3,2576
78575
0,005
5248
62
0,994
4751
38
-1,8E-06
-1,8E-13
0,005
26315
8
1,023
4810
96
2,2787
53601
0,052
6315
79
0,947
3684
21
-1,79998E06
-1,79998E-12
0,035
71428
6
1,191
8855
26
1,4471
58031
0,357
1428
57
0,642
8571
43
-1,79972E06
-1,79972E-11
0,084
74576
3
1,816
6095
02
1,0718
82007
0,847
4576
27
0,152
5423
73
-1,7882E06
-1,7882E-10
0,098
23182
7
2,752
4752
73
1,0077
47778
0,982
3182
71
0,017
6817
29
0,0000007
82
-7,82E-10
0,099
82032
3
0,099
98200
3
3,745
5085
22
4,744
8056
61
0,998
2032
34
0,999
8200
32
0,001
7967
66
0,000
1799
68
0,0000983
8
9,838E-07
0,01
0,001
1,0007
81027
1,0000
78166
1
4
1,79
997
E-06
0,099
9982
5,744
7353
12
1,0000
07817
0,999
982
1,799
97E05
1,0000162
C. Plot
0.1
0.1
0.1
[NH4+]
0.1
[NH4OH]
0.0
0.0
0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
10
9
8
7
6
-log[NH4+]
5
4
3
2
-log[NH4OH]
1
0
1
9 10 11 12 13 14
1,0000162
1.2
1
0.8
0
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1
9 10 11 12 13 14
10
9
8
[OH-]
[NH4+]
[NH4OH]
-log[NH4+]
-log[NH4OH]
0
2
1
0
1
Untuk CB = 10-2 M
A. Perhitungan
1. pH = 1
OH
a.
POH=kw pH
141
13
9 10 11 12 13 14

OH
POH=log
OH
13
log10 =log
OH
b.
NH
+
OH
= [ NH 4 OH ]
NH
+
1013
=5,55 x 1011
NH
NH
NH
c.
OH
kb
1+
Cb=[ NH 4 OH ]
1,8 x 10
13
10
102=x 1+
102
x=
1+1,8 x 108
11
x=5,55 x 10
d.
NH
log
NH
log
NH
log
NH
log
e.
NH
[ 4 OH ]=log 5,55 x 1011
log
NH
[ 4 OH ]=11log 5,55
log
NH
[ 4 OH ]=110,7442
log
NH
[ 4 OH ]=10,2558
log
f.
NH
[ 4 OH ]
Cb
0=
11
5,55 x 10
0=
102
0=5,55 x 109
g.
NH
1=
9,99 x 103
1=
102
1=9,99 x 101
h. f(x) = [OH-]2 +Kb.[OH-] Kb.Cb

= (10-13)2 + 1,8 x 10-5 . 10-13 1,8 x 10-5 . 10-2
= 10-26 + 1,8 x 10-18 1,8 x 10-7
= - 1,8 x 10-7
i. f(x) = [OH-]3+Kb[OH-]2-(Kw+KbCb)[OH-] KwKb
= ( 10-13)3 + 1,8 x 10-5 . (10-13)2 (10-14 + 1,8 x 10-5 . 10-2)(10-13) - 10-14. 1,8 x 10-5
= 10-39 + 1,8 x 10-31 (10-14 + 1,8 x 10-7)(10-13) 1,8 x 10-19
= 10-39 + 1,8 x 10-31 10-27 1,8 x 10-20 1,8 x 10-19
= -1,98 x 10-19
2. pH = 2
OH
a.
POH=kw pH
131
12
OH
POH=log
OH
12
log10 =log
OH
b.
NH
+
OH
= [ NH 4 OH ]
NH
+
1012
=5,55 x 1010
NH
NH
NH
c.
OH
kb
1+
Cb=[ NH 4 OH ]
102=x 1+
x=
1,8 x 10
12
10
102
1+1,8 x 107
x=5,55 x 1010
d.
NH
log
NH
log
NH
log
NH
log
e.
NH
[ 4 OH ]=log 5,55 x 1010
log
NH
[ 4 OH ]=10log 5,55
log
NH
[ 4 OH ]=100,7442
log
NH
[ 4 OH ]=9,2558
log
f.
NH
[ 4 OH ]
Cb
0=
0=
5,55 x 1010
102
0=5,55 x 108
g.
NH
1=
3
1=
9,99 x 10
2
10
1=9,99 x 10

= (10-12)2 + 1,8 x 10-5 . 10-12 1,8 x 10-5 . 10-2
= 10-24 + 1,8 x 10-17 1,8 x 10-7
= - 1,8 x 10-7
= ( 10-12)3 + 1,8 x 10-5 . (10-12)2 (10-14 + 1,8 x 10-5 . 10-2)(10-12) - 10-14. 1,8 x 10-5
= 10-36 + 1,8 x 10-29 (10-14 + 1,8 x 10-7)(10-12) 1,8 x 10-19
= 10-36 + 1,8 x 10-29 10-26 1,8 x 10-19 1,8 x 10-19
= -3,6 x 10-19
3. PH = 3
POH = KW-PH
= 14 3
= 11
a. POH = - log [OH-]
-log 10-11 = - log [OH-]
[OH-]
= 10-11
OH
[ ]
b. Cb = [NH4OH]
Kb
1+
10-2 = [NH4OH]
[NH4OH] =
1+
1,8 x 10
11
[10 ]
102
1+1,8 x 10 6
= 5,55 x 10-9
c.
NH
+
OH
= [NH4OH]
NH
+
4 1011 = 5,55 x 10-9
[NH4+]
[NH4 ]
5,55 x 109 . 1,8 x 105

11
10
9,99 x 1014
1011
= 9,99 x 10-3
d. log [NH4+] = - log 9,99 x 10-3
= 3 log 9,99
= 3 0,99956
= 2,00044
e. log[NH4OH]= - log 5,55 x 10-9
= 9 log 5,55
= 9 0,7442
= 8,2558
f.
0 =
NH
[ 4 OH ]
Cb
5,55 x 109
102
= 5,55 x 10-7
g.
+
NH 4
9,99 x 103
102
= 9,99 X 10-1
= ( 10-11)2 + 1,8 x 10-5. 10-11 1,8 x 10-5 . 10-2
= 10-22 + 1,8 x 10-16 - 1,8 x 10-7
= -1,8 x 10-7
= ( 10-11)3+ 1,8 x 10-5 . (10-11 )-2 (10-14 + 1,8 x 10-5 . 10-2)(10-11) - 10-14. 1,8 x 10-5
= 10-33+ 1,8 x 10-27 (10-14 + 1,8 x 10-7)(10-11) 1,8 x 10-19
= 10-33+ 1,8 x 10-27 10-25 - 1,8 x 10-18 1,8 x 10-19
= - 1,98 x 10-18
4. PH = 4
POH = KW-PH
= 14 4
= 10
a. POH = - log [OH-]
-log 10-10= - log [OH-]
[OH-]
= 10-10
OH
[ ]
b. Cb = [NH4OH]
Kb
1+
10-2 = [NH4OH]
[NH4OH] =
1,8 x 105
1+
[1010]
102
5
1+1,8 x 10
= 5,55 x 10-8
c.
NH
+
OH
= [NH4OH]
NH
+
4 1010 = 5,55 x 10-9
[NH4+]
[NH4 ]
5,55 x 109 . 1,8 x 105

1010
9,99 x 1013
1010
= 9,99 x 10-3
d. log [NH4+] = - log 9,99 x 10-3
= 3 log 9,99
= 3 0,99956
= 2,00044
e. log[NH4OH]= - log 5,55 x 10-8
= 8 log 5,55
= 8 0,7442
= 7,2558
0 =
f.
NH
[ 4 OH ]
Cb
5,55 x 108
102
= 5,55 x 10-6
1
g.
+
NH 4
9,99 x 103
102
= 9,99 X 10-1
= ( 10-10)2 + 1,8 x 10-5. 10-10 1,8 x 10-5 . 10-2
= 10-20 + 1,8 x 10-15 - 1,8 x 10-7
= -1,8 x 10-7
j. f(x) = [OH-]3+Kb[OH-]2-(Kw+KbCb)[OH-] KwKb
= ( 10-10)3 + 1,8 x 10-5 . (10-10)2 (10-14 + 1,8 x 10-5 . 10-2)(10-10) - 10-14. 1,8 x 10-5
= 10-30+ 1,8 x 10-25 (10-14 + 1,8 x 10-7)(10-10) 1,8 x 10-19
= 10-30+ 1,8 x 10-25 10-24 - 1,8 x 10-17 1,8 x 10-19
= - 1,8 x 10-17
5. pH = 5
a.
OH
pOH = Kw pH = 14 5 = 9
OH
pOH =
log
OH
9
log 10 =log
OH
b.
+
NH 4
+
NH 4
OH
K b=
+
NH 4
OH
+
NH 4
9,99 x 10
NH 4 OH
c.
NH 4 OH 1+
CB =
10
1,8 x 10
109
NH 4 OH 1+
=
NH 4 OH =
1,8 x 10
109
102
( 1+1,8 x 10 4 )
5,55 x 107
d.
NH 4
log
+
NH 4
log
= 3 0,99956
= 2,00044
e.
log NH 4 OH
log NH 4 OH =log 5,55 x 107
= 7 0,7442
= 6,2558
f.
0=
CB
5,55 x 107
102
5,55 x 105
g.
NH 4 OH
1
+
NH 4
1=
9,99 x 103
102
9,99 x 101

= ( 10-9)2 + 1,8 x 10-5. 10-9 1,8 x 10-5 . 10-2
= 10-18 + 1,8 x 10-14 - 1,8 x 10-7
= -1,8 x 10-7
- 3
i. f(x) = [OH ] +Kb[OH-]2-(Kw+KbCb)[OH-] KwKb
= ( 10-9)3 + 1,8 x 10-5 . (10-9)2 (10-14 + 1,8 x 10-5 . 10-2)(10-9) - 10-14. 1,8 x 10-5
= 10-27+ 1,8 x 10-23 (10-14 + 1,8 x 10-7)(10-9) 1,8 x 10-19
= 10-27+ 1,8 x 10-23 10-23 - 1,8 x 10-16 1,8 x 10-19
= - 1,8 x 10-16
6. pH = 6
a.
OH
pOH = Kw pH = 14 6 = 8

OH
pOH =
log
OH
log 108=log

OH
+
NH 4
b.
NH 4
OH
K b=
+
NH 4
OH
+
NH 4
9,99 x 103
NH 4 OH
c.
CB =
NH 4 OH
102 =
1+
1,8 x 105
108
NH 4 OH
1+
1,8 x 105
108
102
NH 4 OH =
( 1+1,8 x 10 3)
5,55 x 106
)
)
d.
+
NH 4
log
+
NH 4
log
= 3 0,99956
= 2,00044
e.
log NH 4 OH
log NH 4 OH =log 5,55 x 106
= 6 0,7442
= 5,2558
f.
0
0=
NH 4 OH
CB
6
g.
5,55 x 10
2
10
4
5,55 x 10
1
+
NH 4
1=
9,99 x 103
2
10
9,99 x 10

= ( 10-8)2 + 1,8 x 10-5. 10-8 1,8 x 10-5 . 10-2
= 10-16 + 1,8 x 10-13 - 1,8 x 10-7
= -1,8 x 10-7

= ( 10-8)3 + 1,8 x 10-5 . (10-8)2 (10-14 + 1,8 x 10-5 . 10-2)(10-8) - 10-14. 1,8 x 10-5
= 10-24+ 1,8 x 10-21 (10-14 + 1,8 x 10-7)(10-8) 1,8 x 10-19
= 10-24+ 1,8 x 10-21 10-22 - 1,8 x 10-15 1,8 x 10-19
= - 1,8 x 10-15
7. pH = 7
a. -OH
pH = -log [H+]
7 = -log [H+]
[H+] = 10-7
[OH-] = Kw / [H+]
[OH-] = 10-14 / 10-7
[OH-] = 10-7
b. [NH4+]
[NH4+]
= [NH4OH] . Kb
OH= 5,52485 x 1,8x10-5
10-7
= 9,94464 x 10-3
c. [NH4OH] =
=
cb . OH
OH + Kb
10E-2 .10E-7
10E-7 +1,8E-5
9
10
= 1 107 +1,8 x 105
= 5,52485
d. -log[NH4+]
= -log 9,94464 x 10-3

= 3 log 9,94464
= 3- 0,99759
= 2,00241
e. -log [NH4OH] = -log (5,52485)

= 5 log 5,5248
= 5 0,7423
= 4,25768
f. 0
= [NH4OH]
Cb
= 5,52485
102
= 5,5248 x 10-3
= [NH4+]
g. 1
Cb
=9,94464 x 10-3
102
= 9,4734 x 10-1

= ( 10-11)2 + 1,8 x 10-5. 10-7 1,8 x 10-5 . 10-2
= 10-22 + 1,8 x 10-12 - 1,8 x 10-7
= -1,79998E x 10-7
i.
f(x) = [OH-]3 - Kb. Cb. [OH-] + Kb[OH-]2

= ( 10-11)3- 1,8 x 10-5. 10-2 . 10-7 + 1,8 x 10-5 . (10-11 )-2
=10-33 - 1,8 x 10-14 + 1,8 x 10-27
= - 1,8 x 10-14
8. pH = 8
a. pH = 8
pH = -log [H+]
8 = -log [H+]
[H+] = 10-8
[OH-] = Kw / [H+]
[OH-] = 10-14 / 10-8
[OH-] = 10-6
b. [NH4+]
= [NH4OH] . Kb
OH-
[NH4+] =5,26315 x 104. 1,8x10-5

10-6
[NH4+] = 9,47367 x 10-3
c. [NH4OH] =
cb . OH
OH + Kb
10E-2 .10E-6
10E-6 +1,8E-5
10E-8
10E-6 +1,8E-5
= 5,26315 x104
d. -log[NH4 ]
= -log 9,47367 x 10-3
= 3 log 9,47367
= 3 0,9765
= 2,02348
e. -log [NH4OH] = -log 5,26315 x104
+
= 4 log 5,26315
= 4 0,7212
= 3,2788
f. 0
Cb
= [NH4OH]
= 5,26315 x 104
102
= 5,26315 x 102
= [NH4+]
g. 1
Cb
= 9,47367 x 10-3
102
= 9,47367 x 10-1

= ( 10-6)2 + 1,8 x 10-5. 10-6 1,8 x 10-5 . 10-2
= 10-12 + 1,8 x 10-11 - 1,8 x 10-7
= -1,79981 x 10-7
= ( 10-6)3 + 1,8 x 10-5 . (10-6)2 (10-14 + 1,8 x 10-5 . 10-2)(10-6) - 10-14. 1,8 x 10-5
= 10-18 + 1,8 x 10-17 (10-14 + 1,8 x 10-7)(10-6) 1,8 x 10-19
= 10-18+ 1,8 x 10-17 10-20 - 1,8 x 10-13 1,8 x 10-19
= - 1,7998 x 10-13
9. pH = 9
a. pH
=9
pH
= - log [H+]
11
= - log [H+]
[H+] = 10-9
[OH-] = kw / [H+]
[OH-] = 10-14 / 10-9
[OH-] = 10-5
b.
[NH4OH]
OH +Kb
OH
= Cb.
10 .10
= 105 +(1,8 x 105 )
7
10
= 105 +(1,8 x 105 )
= 3,571 x 10-3
c. [NH4+]
OH
N H 4 OH . Kb
3,571 x 103 . 1,8 x 105

105
= 6,4278 x 10-3
= - log (3,571 x 10-3)
d. log [NH4OH]
= 3 log 3,571
= 3 0,5527
= 2,4473
e. log [NH4+]
= - log (6,4278 x 10-3)
= 3 log 6,4278
= 3 0,8080
= 2,192
f. 0
N H 4 OH
Cb
3,571 x 103
2
10
= 0,3571
+
g. 1
N H4
Cb
6,4278 x 103
102
= 0,64278
h. [OH-]2 + Kb [OH-] KbCb
= (10-5)2 + 1,8 x 10-5 (10-5) 1,8 x 10-5 (10-2)

= 10-10 + 1,8 x 10-10 1,8 x 10-7
= 1,7972 x 10-7
i. [OH-]3 + Kb [OH-]2 ( Kw + KbCb) [OH-] KbKw

= (10-5)3 + 1,8 x 10-5 (10-5)2 ( 10-14 + 1,8 x 10-5 (10-2)) (10-5) 1,8 x 10-5 (10-14)
= 10-15 + 1,8 x 10-5 (10-10) (10-14 + 1,8 x 10-7) (10-5) 1,8 x 10-5 (10-14)
= 10-15 + 1,8 x 10-15 10-19 1,8 x 10-12 + 1,8 x 10-19
= - 1,797 x 10-12
10. pH = 10
a. pH
pH
12
[H+]
= 10
= - log [H+]
= - log [H+]
= 10-10
[OH-] = kw / [H+]
[OH-] = 10-14 / 10-10
[OH-] = 10-4
b.
OH +Kb
OH
= Cb.
[NH4OH]
102 .104
= 104 +(1,8 x 105)
106
= 104 +(1,8 x 105)
= 8,4745 x 10-3
c. [NH4+]
OH
N H 4 OH . Kb
8,4745 x 103 . 1,8 x 105

4
10
= 1,5254 x 10-3
d. log [NH4OH]
= - log 8,4745x 10-3
= 3 log 8,4745
= 3 0,928
= 2,072
e. log [NH4+]
= - log 1,5254 x 10-3
= 3 log 1,5254
= 3 0,183
f. 0
= 2,817
N H 4 OH
Cb
8,474 x 103
2
10
= 0, 8474
g. 1
N H4
Cb
1,5254 x 103
2
10
= 0,15254
h. (OH-)2 + Kb (OH-) KbCb
= (10-4)2 + 1,8 x 10-5 (10-4) 1,8 x 10-5 (10-2)
= 10-8 + 1,8 x 10-9 - 1,8 x 10-7

= 1,682 x 10-7
= (10-4)3 + 1,8 x 10-5 (10-4)2 ( 10-14 + 1,8 x 10-5 (10-2)) (10-4) 1,8 x 10-5 (10-14)
= 10-12 + 1,8 x 10-5 (10-8) (10-14 + 1,8 x 10-7) (10-4) 1,8 x 10-5 (10-14)
= 10-12 + 1,8 x 10-13 10-18 1,8 x 10-11 + 1,8 x 10-19
= - 1,682 x 10-11
11. pH = 11
a. pH = 11
pH = - log [H+]
11 = - log [H+]
[H+] = 10-11
[OH-] = kw / [H+]
[OH-] = 10-14 / 10-11
[OH-] = 10-3
OH
b.
[NH4OH]
+Kb
OH
Cb.
10 .10
3
5
10 +(1,8 x 10 )
105
3
5
10 +(1,8 x 10 )
= 9,823 x 10-3
c. [NH4+] =
OH
N H 4 OH . Kb
9,823 x 103 . 1,8 x 105

103
= 1,76814 x 10-4
d. log [NH4OH] = - log (9,823 x 10-3)
= 3 log 9,823
= 3 0,9924
= 2,0076
+
e. log [NH4 ] = - log (1,76814 x 10-3)
= 3 log 1,76814
= 3 0,2475
= 3,7525
N H 4 OH
f. 0 =
Cb
9,823 x 103
2
10
= 0,9823
g. 1 =
N H4
Cb
1,76814 x 104
102
= 0,0176814
h. [OH-]2 + Kb [OH-] KbCb = (10-3)2 + 1,8 x 10-5 (10-3) 1,8 x 10-5 (10-2)
= 10-6 + 1,8 x 10-8 - 1,8 x 10-7
= 8,38 x 10-7
i. [OH-]3 + Kb [OH-]2 (Kw + Kb.Cb) [OH-] + Kw.Kb
= (10-3)3 + 1,8 x 10-5 (10-3)2 (10-14 + (1,8x10-5 . 10-2)) (10-3) + 10-14 . 1,8 x 10-5
= 10-9 + 1,8 x 10-5 (10-6) (10-14 + (1,8 x 10-7)) (10-3) + 1,8 x 10-19
= 10-9 + 1,8 x 10-11 10-17 - 1,8 x 10-10 + 1,8 x 10-19
= 8,38 x 10-10
12. pH = 12
a. pH = 12
pH = - log [H+]
12 = - log [H+]
[H+] = 10-12
[OH-] = kw / [H+]
[OH-] = 10-14 / 10-12
[OH-] = 10-2
OH
b.
[NH4OH]
Cb.
+Kb
OH
102 .102
102+(1,8 x 105 )
10
2
5
10 +(1,8 x 10 )
= 9,982 x 10-3
c. [NH4+] =
OH
N H 4 OH . Kb
9,982 x 103 . 1,8 x 105

102
= 1,7968 x 10-5
d. log [NH4OH] = - log (9,982 x 10-3)
= 4 log 9,982
= 4 0,9992
= 2,0008
+
e. log [NH4 ] = - log (1,7968 x 10-5)
= 3 log 1,7968
= 3 0,2545
= 4,7455
N H 4 OH
f. 0 =
Cb
9,982 x 103
102
= 0,9982
g. 1 =
N H4
Cb
1,7968 x 105
2
10
= 1,7968 x 10-3
h. [OH-]2 + Kb [OH-] KbCb = (10-2)2 + 1,8 x 10-5 (10-2) 1,8 x 10-5 (10-2)
= 10-4 + 1,8 x 10-7 - 1,8 x 10-7
= 10-4
i. [OH-]3 + Kb [OH-]2 (Kw + Kb.Cb) [OH-] + Kw.Kb
= (10-2)3 + 1,8 x 10-5 (10-2)2 (10-14 + (1,8x10-5 . 10-2)) (10-2) + 10-14 . 1,8 x 10-5
= 10-6 + 1,8 x 10-5 (10-4) (10-14 + (1,8 x 10-7)) (10-2) + 1,8 x 10-19
= 10-6 + 1,8 x 10-9 10-16 + 1,8 x 10-9 + 1,8 x 10-19
= 9,99 x 10-7
= 10 x 10-7
=1 x 10-6
13. pH
= 13
a. pH
pH
13
[H+]
b.
= 13
= - log [H+]
= - log [H+]
= 10-13
[OH-] = kw / [H+]
[OH-] = 10-14 / 10-13
[OH-] = 10-1
+Kb
OH
OH
[NH4OH]
= Cb.
c. [NH4+]
102 x 101
1
5
10 +(1,8 x 10 )
= 9,98 x 10-3
OH
= N H 4 OH . Kb
9,98 x 10
1,8 x 10
( 5)
= (3) x
101
= 1,8 x 10-6
d. log [NH4OH]
= - log (9,998 x 10-3)

=2
= - log (1,8 x 10-6)
e. log [NH4+]
= 5,7448
f. 0
N H 4 OH
Cb
9,998 x 103
=
102
= 0,9998
g. 1
N H4
Cb
1,8 x 106
=
102
= 1,79964 x 10-4
= 1,8 x 10-4
- 2
h. [OH ] + Kb [OH-] KbCb = (10-1)2 + 1,8 x 10-5 (10-1) 1,8 x 10-5 (10-2)
= 10-2+ 1,8 x 10-6 1,8 x 10-7
= 0,01
= (10-1)3 + 1,8 x 10-5 (10-1)2 ( 10-14 + 1,8 x 10-5 (10-2)) (10-1) 1,8 x 10-5 (10-14)
= 10-3+ 1,8 x 10-7 (10-14+ 1,8 x 10-7) (10-1) 1,8 x 10-5 (10-14)
= 1,00018 x 10-3 1,8 x 10-8 -1,8 x 10-19
= 1,000162 x 10-3
14. pH
a. pH
pH
14
[H+]
b.
= 14
= 14
= - log [H+]
= - log [H+]
= 10-14
[OH-] = kw / [H+]
[OH-] = 10-14 / 10-14
[OH-] = 1
OH +Kb
OH
[NH4OH]
= Cb.
c. [NH4+]
10 x 1
1+(1,8 x 105 )
= 9,999 x 10-3
OH
= N H 4 OH . Kb
9,999 x 10
1,8 x 10
( 5)
= (3) x
1
= 1,7982 x 10-7
d. log [NH4OH]
= - log (9,999 x 10-3)

=2
= - log (1,7982 x 10-7)
e. log [NH4+]
= 6,745
f. 0
N H 4 OH
Cb
9,999 x 103
=
102
= 9,999 x 10-1
g. 1
N H4
Cb
1,7982 x 107
2
=
10
= 1,7982 x 10-5
h. [OH ] + Kb [OH-] KbCb = (1)2 + 1,8 x 10-5 (1) 1,8 x 10-5 (10-2)
- 2
= 1+ 1,8 x 10-5 1,8 x 10-7

= 1,782 x 10-5
= (1)3 + 1,8 x 10-5 (1)2 ( 10-14 + 1,8 x 10-5 (10-2)) (1) 1,8 x 10-5 (10-14)
= 1+ 1,8 x 10-5 (10-14+ 1,8 x 10-7) (1) 1,8 x 10-5 (10-14)
= 1,00018 1,8 x 10-7 - 1,8 x 10-19
= 1,00001782
B. Tabel
p [OHH
]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
0
NH4+
1E13
0,0099
99999
9
1E12
0,0099
99999
1E11
0,0099
99994
1E10
0,0099
99944
0,000
0000
01
0,000
0000
1
0,0099
99444
0,0099
94448
0,000
0001
0,0099
44751
0,000
001
0,0094
73684
0,000
01
0,0064
28571
0,000
1
0,0015
25424
NH4
OH
5,555
56E11
5,555
56E10
5,555
55E09
5,555
52E08
5,555
25E07
5,552
47E06
5,524
86E05
0,000
52631
6
0,003
57142
9
0,008
47457
6
-Log
NH4
+
2
2
2,00
0000
2
2,00
0002
4
2,00
0024
1
2,00
0241
2
2,00
2406
1
2,02
3481
1
2,19
1885
5
2,81
6609
5
-Log
NH4
OH
10,25
52725
1
9,255
27252
9
8,255
27274
6
7,255
27491
8
6,255
29663
2
5,255
51371
3
4,257
67857
5
3,278
75360
1
2,447
15803
1
2,071
88200
7
0
5,555
56E09
5,555
56E08
5,555
55E07
5,555
52E06
5,555
25E05
0,000
55524
7
0,005
52486
2
0,052
63157
9
0,357
14285
7
0,847
45762
7
[OH-]^2+Kb
*[OH-]KbCb
-1,8E-07
[OH-]^3+Kb[OH-]^2(Kw+KbCb)[OH-]KwKb
-1,98E-19
-1,8E-07
-3,6E-19
0,99
999
9
0,99
999
4
0,99
994
4
0,99
944
5
0,99
447
5
0,94
736
8
0,64
285
7
0,15
254
2
-1,8E-07
-1,98E-18
-1,8E-07
-1,818E-17
-1,8E-07
-1,8018E-16
-1,8E-07
-1,80018E-15
-1,79998E07
-1,79981E07
-1,8E-14
-1,79981E-13
-1,7972E-07
-1,7972E-12
-1,682E-07
-1,682E-11
1
1
0,001
1
2
0,01
1
3
0,1
1
4
0,0001
76817
1,7967
7E-05
1,7996
8E-06
1,7999
7E-07
0,009
82318
3
0,009
98203
2
0,009
9982
0,009
99982
3,75
2475
3
4,74
5508
5
5,74
4805
7
6,74
4735
3
2,007
74777
8
2,000
78102
7
2,000
07816
6
2,000
00781
7
0,982
31827
1
0,998
20323
4
0,999
82003
2
0,999
982
0,01
768
2
0,00
179
7
0,00000083
8
8,38E-10
0,0001
1E-06
0,00
018
0,01000162
1,8
E05
1,00001782
0,001000162
1,00001782
Chart Title
[OH-]
12
NH4+
NH4OH
-Log NH4+
[OH-]^2+Kb*[OH-]-KbCb
10
8
6
-Log NH4OH
Axis Title
4
2
#REF!
0
0
-2
10
12
14
16
Axis Title
0.0120000000
0.0100000000
0.0080000000
NH4+
0.0060000000
NH4OH
0.0040000000
0.0020000000
0.0000000000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
C. Plot
12
10
8
-Log NH4+
-Log NH4OH
4
2
0
1
9 10 11 12 13 14
1.2
1
0.8
0
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1
10 11 12 13 14
Untuk CB = 10-3 M
A. Perhitungan
PH 1
Mencari NH4OH
OH
)
Cb = NH4OH
Kb
1+
10-3 = NH4OH
1+
1,8 X 10
13
10
8
10-3 = NH4OH ( 1+1,8 X 10 )
NH4OH =
103
1+1,8 X 108
12
NH4OH = 5,55 X 10
Mencari NH4+
+
NH 4
Kb = OH
+
NH 4
1,8 X 10-5 = 1013
1,8 X 10-5 . 5,55 X 10-12 =
+
NH 4
+
NH 4
9,99 X 10-17 =
9,99 X 1017
1013
NH4+ =
NH4+ = 9,99 X 10-4

Mencari
0
NH 4 OH
Cb
5,55 X 1012
103
= 5,55 X 10-9
Mencari
1
+
NH 4
9,99 X 10
3
10
= 9,99 X 10-1
log NH4OH
= - log 5,55 X 10-12

= 12 - log 5,55
= 12 0,7442
= 11,2596
log NH4+
= - log 9,99 X 10-4

= 4 - log 9,99
=4 0,9995
= 3,0004

OH
Mencari
OH
OH
+ Kb
1013
1013
- Kb . Cb
13
+ 1,8 X 10-5 10 - 1,8 X 10-5 . 10-3
+ 1,8 X 10-18 1,8 X 10-8
1 0-26 + 1,8 X 10-18 1,8 X 10-8

= -1,8 x 10-8
OH
Mencari
OH
OH
+ Kb
1013
- [Kb . Cb + Kw] . OH- + Kb . Kw
13
+ 1,8 X 10-5 10
10-39 + 1,8 X 10-5 . 10-26 10-39 + 1,8 X 10-31 -
1,8 X 105 . 103+ 1014
1,8 X 105 . 103+ 1014
1,8 X 108 +1014
. 10-13 + 1,8 X 10-5 . 10-14
. 10-13 + 1,8 X 10-19
21
27
10-39 + 1,8 X 10-31 1,8 x 10
- x 10
+ 1,8 X 10-19
=- 1,781 X 10-19
PH 2
Mencari NH4OH
OH
)
Cb = NH4OH
Kb
1+
. 10-13 + 1,8 X 10-5 . 10-14
-3
10 = NH4OH
1,8 X 10
1012
1+
6
10-3 = NH4OH ( 1+1,8 X 10 )
103
1+1,8 X 106
NH4OH =
11
NH4OH = 5,55 X 10
Mencari NH4+
+
NH 4
Kb = OH
+
NH 4
1,8 X 10-5 = 1012
1,8 X 10-5 . 5,55 X 10-11 =
+
NH 4
9,99 X 10-16 =
NH4+ =
9,99 X 1016
1012
NH4+ = 9,99 X 10-4

Mencari
0
NH 4 OH
Cb
+
NH 4
5,55 X 1011
103
= 5,55 X 10-8
1
Mencari
+
NH 4
9,99 X 10
3
10
= 9,99 X 10-1
log NH4OH
= - log 5,55 X 10-11

= 11 - log 5,55
= 11 - 0,7442
= 10,259
log NH4+
= - log 9,99 X 10-4

= 4 - log 9,99
=4 - 0,9995
= 3,0004
OH
Mencari
OH
1012
24
10
OH
+ Kb
- Kb . Cb
+ 1,8 X 10-5
OH 12
+ 1,8 X 10-17 - 1,8 X 10-8

8
= - 1,799 X 10
OH
Mencari
- 1,8 X 10-5 . 10-3

OH
OH
+ Kb
1012
- [Kb . Cb + Kw] . OH- + Kb . Kw
+ 1,8 X 10-5
1012
1,8 X 105 . 103+ 1014
1036 + 1,8 X 10-29 - 1,8 X 1020 10-26 + 1,8 X 1019

19
= 1,6199 X 10
Untuk PH = 3
=1011
OH
Mencari nilai
O H
Kb
1+
N H 4 OH =
N H 4 OH =
N H 4 OH =
NH 4 OH
Cb
103
1,8.105
1+
11
10
103
1+1,8.106
N H 4 OH =5,5 . 1010
Mencari nilai
+
NH 4
OH
kb . NH 4 OH
+=
NH 4
5
. 10-12 + 1,8 X 10
. 10-14
1,8.105 .5,5.1010
+=
1011
NH 4
15
+=
9,9.10
11
10
NH 4
+=9,9.104
NH 4
log NH 4 OH
Mencari nilai
10
log NH 4 OH =log 5,5.10

log NH 4 OH =10log5,5
log NH 4 OH =100,74036
log NH 4 OH =9,25964
+
Mencari nilai log NH 4
+=log9,9. 104
log NH 4
+=4log 9,9
log NH 4
+=3,00436
log NH 4
Mencari nilai
0=
NH 4 OH
Cb
0=
5,5.1010
3
10
0=5,5.107
1
Mencari nilai
1=
NH 4 OH
Cb
9,9.104
1=
103
1=0,99
OH
Mencari nilai
OH
OH
( 1011 ) +1,8. 105 .1011 1,8.105 .103 =0

22
10
+1,8. 10
16
1,8.10 =0
1,799.108
OH
Mencari nilai

OH
OH
OH
[ 1011 ]
+1,8.105 .1022[ 1,8.105 +103 +1014 ] . 1011 +1,8.105 1014=0
1033+ 1,8.1027[ 1,8.108 +1014 ] . 1011 +1,8.1019 =0
9,82. 1026
Untuk PH = 4
=1010
OH
Mencari nilai
O H
Kb
1+
N H 4 OH =
NH 4 OH
Cb
N H 4 OH =
10
1,8.105
1+
1010
103
N H 4 OH =
1+1,8.105
N H 4 OH =5,55 . 109
Mencari nilai
+
NH 4

OH
kb . NH 4 OH
+=
NH 4
5
+=
1,8.10 .5,5.10
10
10
NH 4
14
+=
9,9.10
10
10
NH 4
+=9,99.10
NH 4
Mencari nilai
log NH 4 OH
9
log NH 4 OH =9log 5,5 5

log NH 4 OH =8,256
+
+=log9,99. 10
log NH 4
+=4log 9,99
log NH 4
+=3,000435
log NH 4
Mencari nilai
0=
NH 4 OH
Cb
5,55.109
0=
3
10
6
0=5,55.10
Mencari nilai
1=
NH 4 OH
Cb
1=
9,99.104
103
1=0,99
OH
Mencari nilai
OH
OH
( 1010 ) +1,8.105 . 10101,8.105 .103=0

1020+ 1,8.10151,8.108 =0
1,799.108
OH
Mencari nilai

OH
OH
OH
[ 1010 ] +1,8.105 . 1020[ 1,8.105 +103 +1014 ] .1010 +1,8.105 1014=0

1030+ 1,8.1025[ 1,8.108 +1014 ] . 1010 +1,8.1019=0
1,62. 1018
Untuk PH = 5
=109
OH
Mencari nilai
O H
Kb
1+
N H 4 OH =
NH 4 OH
Cb
N H 4 OH =
10
1,8.105
1+
109
103
N H 4 OH =
1+1,8.104
N H 4 OH =5,55 . 108
Mencari nilai
+
NH 4

OH
kb . NH 4 OH
+=
NH 4
5
+=
1,8.10 .5,5.10
9
10
NH 4
13
+=
9,9.10
9
10
NH 4
+=9,9.10
NH 4
log NH 4 OH
Mencari nilai

log NH 4 OH =8log 5,55
log NH 4 OH =7,26
+
4
+=log9,9. 10
log NH 4
+=4log 9,9
log NH 4
+=3,00436
log NH 4
Mencari nilai
0=
NH 4 OH
Cb
5,5.108
0=
3
10
5
0=5,5.10
Mencari nilai
1=
NH 4 OH
Cb
1=
9,9.104
103
1=0,99
OH
Mencari nilai
OH
OH
( 109 ) +1,8. 105 . 1091,8.105 . 103=0

18
10
14
+1,8.10
1,8.10 =0
1,799.108
OH
Mencari nilai

OH
OH
OH
[ 109 ]
+1,8.105 . 1018[ 1,8.105 +103 +1014 ] .109+ 1,8.105 1014=0
1027 +1,8.1023[ 1,8.108 +1014 ] .109 +1,8.1019=0
1,782 . 1017
Untuk PH = 6
=108
OH
Mencari nilai
O H
Kb
1+
N H 4 OH =
NH 4 OH
Cb
N H 4 OH =
10
1,8.105
1+
108
103
N H 4 OH =
1+1,8.103
N H 4 OH =5,55 . 107
Mencari nilai
+
NH 4

OH
kb . NH 4 OH
+=
NH 4
5
+=
1,8.10 .5,5.10
8
10
NH 4
12
+=
9,9.10
8
10
NH 4
+=9,9.10
NH 4
log NH 4 OH
Mencari nilai
log NH 4 OH =7log 5, 5
log NH 4 OH =6,26
+
4
+=log9,9. 10
log NH 4
+=4log 9,9
log NH 4
+=3,00436
log NH 4
Mencari nilai
0=
NH 4 OH
Cb
5,5.107
0=
3
10
0=5,5.104
Mencari nilai
1=
NH 4 OH
Cb
1=
9,9.104
103
1=0,99
OH
Mencari nilai
OH
OH
( 109 ) +1,8. 105 . 1091,8.105 . 103=0

1018 +1,8.1014 1,8.108=0
1,799.108
OH
Mencari nilai

OH
OH
OH
[ 108 ]
+1,8.105 . 1016[ 1,8.105 +103 +1014 ] .108+ 1,8.105 1014=0
1024 +1,8.1021[ 1,8.108 +1014 ] .108 +1,8.1019=0
1,782 . 1016
Untuk pH = 7
pOH = 7
Mencari nilai
NH 4 OH
( 1+
N H 4 OH
]=
Mencari nilai
Kb
[O H ] )
Cb
1 0-3
=
1,8 x 10-5
( 1+ -7
)
10
= 5,524 x 10-6
+
NH 4
Kb[ N H 4 OH ]
[ NH4+ ] = O H-
1,8 x 10 -5 . 5,524 x 10-6

= 10-7
-4
10
+
log
NH 4
Mencari nilai
-4
- Log [ NH4+ ] = - Log 9,9432 x 1 0
Mencari nilai
10-3
= 1 + 1,8 x 102
= 3,0024
log NH 4 OH
- Log [ NH4OH ] = - Log 5,524 x 10-6 = 5,2577
9,9432 x 1011
= 1 0-7
= 9,9432 x
Mencari nilai
N H4 OH
0 = Cb
Mencari nilai
+
N H4
1 = Cb
5,524 x 106
= 1 0-3
-3
= 5,524 x 1 0
1
9,9432 x 1 04
= 1 0-3
-1
= 9,943 x 1 0
OH
Mencari nilai
[OH-]2 + Kb [OH-] Kb. Cb = 0

= [10-7]2 + (1,8 x 10-5 . 10-7 ) - 1,8 x 10-5 x 10-3
= 10-14 + 1,8 x 10-12 1,8x 10-8
= - 1,799 x 10-8
OH
Mencari nilai
[OH-]3 + Kb [OH-]2 (Kb . Cb + Kw ) [OH-] + Kb.Kw = 0

= [10-7]3 + 1,8 x 10-5 [10-7]2 (1,8 x 10-5 . 10-3 + 10-14 ) [10-7] + 1,8 x 10-5 . 10-14
= [10-21] + 1,8 x 10-19 1,8 x 10-8 + 10-14 [ 10-7] + 1,8 x 10-19
= - 1,8 x 10 -15
Untuk pH = 8
pOH = 6
Mencari nilai
NH 4 OH
( 1+
N H 4 OH
]=
Kb
[O H ] )
Cb
10
=
-3
( 1+
1,8 x 10
10-6
-5
10-3
= 19
= 5,263 x 10-5
+
NH 4
Mencari nilai
Kb[ N H 4 OH ]
[ NH4+ ] = O H -
-5
1,8 x 10 . 5,263 x 10-5

= 10-6
9,4734 x 10
= 1 0-6
+
- Log [ NH4+ ] = - Log9,473 x 10-4 = 3,0235
log NH 4 OH
Mencari nilai
- Log [ NH4OH ] = - Log 5,263 x 10-5 = 4,2787

0
Mencari nilai
N H4 OH
0 = Cb
= 5,263 x 10-2
Mencari nilai
N H +4
1 = Cb
5,263 x 105
= 1 0-3
9,473 x 104
= 1 0-3
1
= 9,473 x 10
OH
Mencari nilai
[OH-]2 + Kb [OH-] Kb. Cb = 0

= [10-6]2 + (1,8 x 10-5 . 10-6 ) - 1,8 x 10-5 x 10-3
= 10-12 + 1,8 x 10-11 1,8x 10-8
= - 1,799 x 10-8
OH
Mencari nilai

= [10-6]3 + 1,8 x 10-5 [10-6]2 (1,8 x 10-5 . 10-3 + 10-14 ) [10-6] + 1,8 x 10-5 . 10-14
= [10-18] + 1,8 x 10-17 1,8 x 10-8 + 10-14 [ 10-6] + 1,8 x 10-19
-10
= 9,473 x 10-4
= -1,799 . 10-14
Untuk pH = 9
pOH = 5
NH 4 OH
Mencari nilai
( 1+
[
N H 4 OH
]=
Kb
[O H ] )
Cb
( 1+
Kb[ N H 4 OH ]
[ NH4 ] = O H-
+
- Log [ NH4+ ] = - Log 6,4278 x 10-4= 3,1919
log NH 4 OH
Mencari nilai
- Log [ NH4OH ] = - Log 3,571 x 10-4 = 3,4472

0
Mencari nilai
N H4 OH
0 = Cb
N H4
1 = Cb
1,8 x 10 -5 . 3,571 x 10-4

= 10-5
Mencari nilai
1,8 x 10
10-5
-3
-5
10
= 2,8
= 3,571 x 10-4
+
NH 4
Mencari nilai
1 0-3
3,571 x 104
= 1 0-3
= 0,3571
1
6,4278 x 104
= 1 0-3
= 0,64278
OH
Mencari nilai
[OH-]2 + Kb [OH-] Kb. Cb = 0

= [10-5]2 + (1,8 x 10-5 . 10-5 ) - 1,8 x 10-5 x 10-3
6,4278 x 10 -9
= 1 0-5
= 6,4278 x 10-
= 10-10 + 1,8 x 10-10 1,8x 10-8

= - 1,799 x 10-8
OH
Mencari nilai

= [10-5]3 + 1,8 x 10-5 [10-5]2 (1,8 x 10-5 . 10-3 + 10-14 ) [10-5] + 1,8 x 10-5 . 10-14
= [10-15] + 1,8 x 10-15 1,8 x 10-8 + 10-14 [ 10-5] + 1,8 x 10-19
= -1,799 . 10-13
Untuk pH = 10
pOH = 4
NH 4 OH
Mencari nilai
( 1+
N H 4 OH
]=
Mencari nilai
Kb
]
[O H
)
Cb
1 0-3
=
1,8 x 10-5
( 1+ -4
)
10
[ NH4+ ] = O H -
1,8 x 10 -5 . 8,4745 x 10-4

= 10-4
10-4
+
log
NH 4
Mencari nilai
- Log [ NH4+ ] = - Log 1,5254 x 10-4 = 3,8166
log NH 4 OH
- Log [ NH4OH ] = - Log 8,4745 x 10-4 = 3,0718

Mencari nilai
N H4 OH
0 = Cb
= 8,4745 x 10-4
+
NH 4
Kb[ N H 4 OH ]
Mencari nilai
10-3
= 1,18
0
8,4745 x 104
= 1 0-3
= 0,8474
1,525 x 10 -8
= 1 0-4
= 1,5254 x
Mencari nilai
N H+4
1 = Cb
1,5254 x 104
= 1 0-3
= 0,1525
OH
Mencari nilai
[OH-]2 + Kb [OH-] Kb. Cb = 0

= [10-4]2 + (1,8 x 10-5 . 10-4 ) - 1,8 x 10-5 x 10-3
= 10-8 + 1,8 x 10-9 1,8x 10-8
= - 6,2 x 10-9
OH
Mencari nilai

= [10-4]3 + 1,8 x 10-5 [10-4]2 (1,8 x 10-5 . 10-3 + 10-14 ) [10-4] + 1,8 x 10-5 . 10-14
= [10-12] + 1,8 x 10-13 1,8 x 10-8 + 10-14 [ 10-4] + 1,8 x 10-19
= -6,199 x 10-13
PH
: 11
OH-
: 10-3
Mencari NH4OH :
Cb
= NH4OH
1+ Kb
OH-
10-3
= NH4OH
1+ 1,8x10-5
10-3
10-3
= NH4OH ( 1,8x10-2 )
NH4OH =
10-3
1+ 1,8x10-2
NH4OH = 9,99x10-4
Mencari NH4+
NH4+ = Kb . NH4OH
OH= 1,8x10-5 .9,99x10-4
10-3
= 1,79x10-6
10-3
= 1,79x10-5
Mencari -log NH4OH
-log NH4OH = - log 9,9x10-4
= 4-log 9,9
= 3,00
Mencari -log NH4+
-log NH4+
= - log 1,79x10-5
= 5-log 1,79 = 4,74
Mencari
= NH4OH
Cb
= 9,99x10-4
10-3
= 9,99x10-1
Mencari
= NH4+
Cb
= 1,79x10-5
10-3
= 1,79x10-2
[OH- ] 2+ Kb [OH- ] - Kb.Cb = 0
10-6 + (1,8x10-5 x 10-3) (1,8x10-5 x 10-3)
10-6 + 1,8x10-8 1,8x10-8
1x10-6
[OH-]3+Kb[OH- ]2- (Kb.Cb+Kw). [OH-] +Kb.Kw = 0
10-9 + (1,8x10-5x10-12) - (1,8x10-5.10-3+10-14).10-3+ (1,8x10-5x10-14)
10-9+1,8x10-17- (1,8x10-8+10-14).10-3+1,8x10-19
10-9+1,8x10-17- (1,8x10-8x10-3)+1,8x10-19
10-9+1,8x10-17- 1,8x10-11+1,8x10-19
9,82x10-9
PH
: 12
OH-
: 10-2
Mencari NH4OH :
Cb
= NH4OH
1+ Kb
OH-
10-3
= NH4OH
1+ 1,8x10-5
10-2
10-3
= NH4OH ( 1,8x10-2 )
NH4OH =
10-3
1,0018
NH4OH = 9,98x10-4
MencariNH4+ :
NH4+ = Kb . NH4OH
OH= 1,8x10-5 .9,98x10-4
10-2
= 1,79x10-9
10-2
= 1,79x10-6
Mencari-log NH4OH
-log NH4OH = - log 9,98x10-4
= 4-log 9,98
= 3,01
Mencari-log NH4+
-log NH4+
= - log 1,79x10-6
= 6-log 1,79 = 5,748
Mencari
= NH4OH
Cb
= 9,98x10-4
10-3
= 9,99x10-1
Mencari
= NH4+
Cb
= 1,79x10-6
10-3
= 1,79x10-3
[ OH-]2+ Kb [OH-] - Kb.Cb = 0

10-4+ (1,8x10-5 x 10-2) (1,8x10-5 x 10-3)
10-4 + 1,8x10-7 1,8x10-8
1,62x10- 4
[OH- ] 3+Kb[OH-]2- (Kb.Cb+Kw). [OH-] +Kb.Kw = 0

10-6 + (1,8x10-5x10-4) - (1,8x10-5.10-3+10-14).10-2+ (1,8x10-5x10-14)
10-6+1,8x10-9 (1,8x10-8+10-14).10-2+1,8x10-19
10-6+1,8x10-9- (1,8x10-8x10-2)+1,8x10-19
10-6+1,8x10-9- 1,8x10-10+1,8x10-19
1,62x10-6
PH 13
Mencari NH4OH
OH
)
Cb = NH4OH
Kb
1+
-3
10 = NH4OH
1+
1,8 X 105
101
4
10-3 = NH4OH ( 1+1,8 X 10 )
NH4OH =
103
1+1,8 X 104
4
NH4OH = 9,99 X 10
MencariNH4+
+
NH 4
Kb = OH
+
NH 4
1,8 X 10-5 = 101
1,8 X 10-5 . 9,99 X 10-4 =
1,782 X 10-8 =
+
NH 4
+
NH 4
1,782 X 108
101
NH4+ =
NH4+ = 1,782 X 10-7

Mencari
0
NH 4 OH
Cb
9,99 X 104
103
= 9,99 X 10-1
Mencari
1
+
NH 4
1,782 X 10
3
10
= 1,782 X 10-4
log NH4OH
log NH4+
= - log 9,99 X 10-4

= 4 - log 9,99
= 4 - 0,9995
= 3,0005
= - log 1,782 X 10-7
= 7 - log 1,782
=7 0,2509
= 6,7491

OH
Mencari
OH
OH
+ Kb
101
101
- Kb . Cb
1
+ 1,8 X 10-5 10
- 1,8 X 10-5 . 10-3
+ 1,8 X 10-6 1,8 X 10-8
1 0-2 + 1,8 X 10-6 1,8 X 10-8

= 10-2
OH
Mencari
OH
101
OH
+ Kb
- [Kb . Cb + Kw] . OH- + Kb . Kw
1
+ 1,8 X 10-5 10
10-3 + 1,8 X 10-5 . 10-2 -
1,8 X 105 . 103+ 1014
1,8 X 105 . 103+ 1014
. 10-1 + 1,8 X 10-5 . 10-4
10-3 + 1,8 X 10-7 -
1,8 X 108 +1014
. 10-1 + 1,8 X 10-9
10-3 + 1,8 X 10-7 -
1,8 X 108 +1014
. 1,8 X 10-10
10-3 + 1,8 X 10-7 -
1,8 X 108
1 X 10-3 1,8 X 10-17

= 1 X 10-3
PH 14
Mencari NH4OH
OH
)
Cb = NH4OH
Kb
1+
. 1,8 X 10-10
. 10-1 + 1,8 X 10-5 . 10-4
-3
10 = NH4OH
1+
1,8 X 10
100
5
10-3 = NH4OH ( 1+1,8 X 10 )
103
1+1,8 X 105
NH4OH =
4
NH4OH = 9,99 X 10
Mencari NH4+
+
NH 4
Kb = OH
+
NH 4
1,8 X 10-5 = 10 0
1,8 X 10-5 . 9,99 X 10-4 =
1,782 X 10-8 =
NH4+ =
+
NH 4
1,782 X 108
100
NH4+ = 1,782 X 10-8

Mencari
0
NH 4 OH
Cb
+
NH 4
9,99 X 104
103
= 9,99 X 10-1
Mencari
1
+
NH 4
1,782 X 10
3
10
= 1,782 X 10-5
log NH4OH
log NH4+
= - log 9,99 X 10-4

= 4 - log 9,99
= 4 - 0,9995
= 3,0005
= - log 1,782 X 10-8
= 8 - log 1,782
=8 - 0,2509
= 7,7491
OH
Mencari
OH
100
OH
+ Kb
+ 1,8 X 10-5
- Kb . Cb
OH 0
1 + 1,8 X 10-5 - 1,8 X 10-8

= 1,0
OH
Mencari
- 1,8 X 10-5 . 10-3

OH
OH
+ Kb
10 0
= 1,0
10 0
1,8 X 105 . 103+ 1014
1,8 X 108
1,8 X 109
+ 1,8 X 10-5
1 + 1,8 X 10-5 -
- [Kb . Cb + Kw] . OH- + Kb . Kw

5
. 100 + 1,8 X 10
. 10-4
B. Tabel
p [OHH
]
1
1E13
1E12
1E11
1E10
0,00
0000
001
0,00
0000
01
0,00
0000
1
0,00
0001
0,00
001
1
0
0,00
01
1
1
0,00
1
1
2
0,01
4
5
6
1
3
0,1
1
4
C. Plot
[NH4
]
0,0
0,001
0,000
9999
99
0,000
9999
94
0,000
9999
44
0,000
9994
45
0,000
9944
75
0,000
9473
68
0,000
6428
57
0,000
1525
42
1,768
17E05
1,796
77E06
1,799
68E07
1,799
97E08
[NH4
OH]
5,555
56E12
5,555
56E11
5,555
55E10
5,555
52E09
5,555
25E08
5,552
47E07
5,524
86E06
5,263
16E05
0,000
3571
43
0,000
8474
58
0,000
9823
18
0,000
9982
03
0,000
9998
2
0,000
9999
82
log[N
H4+]
3
3,000
0000
24
3,000
0002
41
3,000
0024
13
3,000
0241
27
3,000
2412
08
3,002
4060
7
3,023
4810
96
3,191
8855
26
3,816
6095
02
4,752
4752
73
5,745
5085
22
6,744
8056
61
7,744
7353
12
log[N
H4OH]
3,0000
78166
0
5,55
556
E-09
5,55
556
E-08
5,55
555
E-07
5,55
552
E-06
5,55
525
E-05
0,00
0555
247
0,00
5524
862
0,05
2631
579
0,35
7142
857
0,84
7457
627
0,98
2318
271
0,99
8203
234
0,99
9820
032
3,0000
07817
0,99
9982
11,255
27251
10,255
27253
9,2552
72746
8,2552
74918
7,2552
96632
6,2555
13713
5,2576
78575
4,2787
53601
3,4471
58031
3,0718
82007
3,0077
47778
3,0007
81027
[OH-]2 +
[OH-]kb Kb*cb
[OH-]3 + Kb [OH-]2
(Kw + Kb*Cb) [OH-] +
Kb*Kw
0,9999
99994
-1,8E-08
1,782E-19
0,9999
99944
-1,8E-08
1,62E-19
0,9999
99444
-1,8E-08
-9,82E-26
0,9999
94444
-1,8E-08
-1,62E-18
-1,782E-17
0,9944
75138
-1,8E-08
1,79998E08
1,79982E08
0,9473
68421
-1,7981E08
-1,79808E-14
0,6428
57143
-1,772E08
-1,772E-13
0,1525
42373
-6,2E-09
-6,20001E-13
0,0176
81729
0,000001
1E-09
0,0017
96766
0,0001001
62
1,00162E-06
0,0001
79968
0,0100017
82
0,001000178
1,7999
7E-05
1,0000179
82
1,000017982
0,9999
44448
0,9994
44753
-1,79818E-16
-1,79964E-15
0.0
0.0
0.0
[NH4+]
0.0
[NH4OH]
0.0
0.0
0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
12
10
8
-log[NH4+]
-log[NH4OH]
4
2
0
1
9 10 11 12 13 14
1.2
1
0.8
0
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1
9 10 11 12 13 14
12
10
[OH-]
[NH4+]
[NH4OH]
-log[NH4+]
-log[NH4OH]
0
1
2
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Untuk CB= 10-4 M

A. Perhitungan
pH 1
pOH = 14 -1
= 13
o
[OH-] =?
-Log [OH-] = 13
[OH-] = 10-13
o
[NH4OH] = ?

OH
= [NH4OH] {
kb
1+
Cb
10
1,8 x 10
= [NH4OH] { 1+ 1013
10-4
= [NH4OH]
-4
104
18.000 .001
[NH4OH]
[NH4OH]
= 5,555 x
Kb
NH
OH
=
1012
NH
+
4 1013
[NH4 ]
5,555 x 1012 x 1,8 x 105

103
[NH4+]
= 9,999 x
p NH4+
p NH4+
=?
= - log [NH4+]
1,8 x 10-5
(1+1,8 x 107 )
1014
= - log 9,999 x
o
p NH4OH
p NH4OH
14
10
= 13,000
=?
= - log [NH4OH]
= - log 5,555 x
= ............
12
10
[NH 4 OH ]
Cb
5,555 x 1012
104
= 5,555 x
10
+
NH 4
9,999 x 1014
104
= 9,999 x
1010
Pangkat tiga
OH
OH
+ Kb
( 1013 )
OH
2
+
=0
( kwkb . Cb )
+ 1,810-5
( 1013 )
( 1014 +1,8 105 104 )( 1013) 1,8 105 1014

1039 + 1,8 105 1026 ( 1014 +1,8 109) ( 1013) 1,8 1019
= -1,8018E-19
pangkat 2
OH
OH
OH
Cb= 0
+ Kb
+ 1,810-5 [OH-] - 1,810-5. . 10-4 = 0

OH
+ 1,810-5 [OH-]- 1,8 x 10 -9 =0
10-26 + 1,8 x 10 -13 - 1,8 x 10 -9

-1,8E-09
=0
=0
pH = 2
Pangkat Dua
OH
OH
+ Kb
- Kb.CB
= (10-12 )2 + 1,8 10-5 (10-12 ) - 1,8 10-5 . 10
10-9
=1,8
OH
[ ]
Kb
CB =
1+
[ NH 4 OH ]
[ NH 4 OH ]
OH
= 1+ Kb
CB
10
5
1,8 10
1+
12
10
104
1+1,8 10 7
104
1,8000001
= 10-24 + 1,8 10-17 1,8 10-9
10-12
= 5,5
-logNH4OH = -log5,5
10-12
= 12-log 5,5
= 12-0,74
= 11,26
+
NH 4
OH
Kb [ NH 4 OH ]
1,8 10 . 5,5 10
1012
12
= 9,9 10-5
-log NH4+ = 4,000000024
Pangkat tiga
OH
OH
+ Kb
( 1012 )
OH
2
+
=0
( kwkb . Cb )
+ 1,810-5
( 1012 )
( 1014 +1,8 105 104 )( 1012) 1,8 105 1014

=
1036 + 1,8 105 1024 ( 1014+1,8 109 )( 1012) 1,8 1019
1036 + 1,8 1031 10271,8 10221,8 1019
= 1,8
10
19

OH
0 = OH
1012
1012 +1,8 x 105
1012
1,0018 x 1012
8
= 5,5 10
OH
1 =
kb
1,8 x 105
1012 +1,8 x 105
1,8 x 105
1,0018 x 1012
0,99
pH = 3
Diket : pH = 3; CB = 10-4
; kb = 1,8 x 10-5
Jawab :
pH = 3
[H+] = 10-3
[OH-] = 10-11
OH
CB = [NH4OH] [1 + k
b
OH
=
k
1+ b
CB
[NH4OH]
10
1,8 x 105
1+
[ 11]
=
104
10
6
(1+1,8 x 10 )
104
1800001
10
7
(0,18 x 10 )
11
= 5,5 x 10
11
-Log [NH4OH] = - Log 5,5 x 10

= 11 - Log 5,5
= 11 0,74
= 10,26
+
[ NH 4 ] =
NH
OH
[ 4 OH ]
kb
1,8 x 105 (5,5 x 1011 )

1011
5
= 9,9 x 10
+
5
-Log [ NH 4 ] = - Log 9,9 x 10
= 5 - Log 9,9
= 5 0,99
= 4,01
OH
0 = OH
1011
1011 +1,8 x 105
1011
1,8 x 105
6
= 0,55 x 10
OH
1 =
kb
1,8 x 10
11
5
10 +1,8 x 10
1,8 x 105
5
1,8 x 10
=1
Pangkat 2

[ OH
OH
2
+
k b
11
( 10
22
kb .
5
11
5
4
+ 1,8 x 10
. 10
1,8 x 10 .10 =0
16
( 10
CB = 0
) + 1,8 x 10
1,8 x 10
=0
9
-1,8 x 10
=0
Pangkat 3
[ OH
OH
3
+
k b
11
( 10
kb .
CB) [ OH
5
11
+ 1,8 x 10
. ( 10
kb .
kw = 0
14
( 10 +
1,8 x 105 .104 ( 1011 )1,8 x 105 . 1014=0

33
5
22
14
9
11
19
) + 1,8 x 10 .10 (10 +1,8 x 10 ) ( 10 ) 1,8 x 10
=0
33
) + 1,8 x 10
( 10
( 10
27
19
-1,8 x 10
=0
pH = 4
PH : 4
[H+] : 10-4
[OH-] : 10-10
O H
[NH4OH] : 1+ Kb
CB
104
1,8.105
1+
1010
25
10
20
1,8 x 10
19
1,8 x 10
=0
104
1+1,8.105
5,555524692. 10-10
-log( 5,555524692. 10-10) = 9,25527275
[NH4+] :
O H
Kb[ N H 4 OH ]
1,8.105 x 5,555524692.1010
1010
9,999944446.10-5
-log(9,999944446.10-5) =
0 :
OH
OH
1010
1010 x 1,8.105
10
10
1,80001.105
5,555524692.10-6
1 :
OH
Kb
1,8.105
1010 x 1,8.105
1,8.105
1,80001.105
9,99999444
Pangkat 2
[OH]2 + Kb [OH]- Kb x CB
(10-10)2 + 1,8.10-5 x 10-10 - 1,8.10-5 x 10-4
10-20 + 1,8.10-15 - 1,8.10-9
-1,7999982.10-9
Pangkat 3
[OH]3 + Kb [OH]2 (Kw x Kb x Cb) [OH] Kb x Kw
(10-10)3 + 1,8.10-5 x (10-10)2 (10-14 x 1,8.10-5 x 10-4) 10-10 - 1,8.10-5 x 10-14
10-30 + 1,8.10-25 - 1,8.10-33 - 1,8.10-19
-3,59999 x 10-19
pH = 5
Diket : pH = 5; CB = 10-4
; kb = 1,8 x 10-5
Jawab :
pH = 5
[H+] = 10-5
[OH-] = 10-9
OH
CB = [NH4OH] [1 + k
b
OH
=
k
1+ b
CB
[NH4OH]
10
1,8 x 105
1+
[9]
=
104
10
4
(1+1,8 x 10 )
104
18001
10
5
(0,18 x 10 )
9
= 5,5 x 10
-Log [NH4OH] = - Log 5,5 x 10

= 8,255296632
+
[ NH 4 ] =
NH
OH
[ 4 OH ]
kb
1,8 x 105 (5,5 x 1011 )

109
5
= 9,9 x 10
+
5
-Log [ NH 4 ] = - Log 9,9 x 10
= 5 - Log 9,9
= 5 0,99
= 4,01
OH
0 = OH
1011
109+1,8 x 105
1011
1,8 x 105
= 5,55525E-05
OH
1 =
kb
1,8 x 105
109+1,8 x 105
1,8 x 105
1,8 x 105
= 0,999944448
Pangkat 2
[ OH
9
( 10
OH
2
+
k b
2
kb .
CB = 0
5
9
5
4
+ 1,8 x 10
. 10
1,8 x 10 .10 =0
18
14
9
( 10
) + 1,8 x 10 1,8 x 10
=0
-1,79998E-09 = 0
Pangkat 3
[ OH
OH
3
+
k b
( 10
+ 1,8 x 10
CB) [ OH
kb .
. ( 10
14
( 10
kb .
kw = 0
1,8 x 105 .104 ( 109 )1,8 x 105 . 1014 =0

5
27
( 10
) + 1,8 x 10 .10
27
( 10
23
) + 1,8 x 10
18
14
(10
23
10
9
9
19
+ 1,8 x 10 ) ( 10 ) 1,8 x 10
=0
20
1,8 x 10
-1,97997E-18 = 0
pH = 6
CB = 10-4
Kb = 1,8 x 10-5
pH = 6 [H+] = 10-6
[OH-] = 10-8
Pangkat 2
= (10-8)2 + 1,8 x 10-5 x (10-8) 1,8 x 10-5 x 10-4
= 10-16 + 1,8 x 10-13 1,8 x 10-9
= - 1,8 x 10-9
OH
CB = [NH4OH] [1+
]
Kb
OH
[NH4OH] = 1+ Kb
CB
19
1,8 x 10
=0
104
1,8 x 105
1+
[108 ]
104
1+1,8 x 10 3
104
180001
= 5,5 x 10 -8
pH NH4OH = - log NH4OH
= - log 5,5 x 10-8
= 8 log 5,5
= 8 0,740
= 7,26
[NH4+] =
OH
Kb [ NH 4 OH ]
1,8 X 105 X 5,5 X 108

108
= 9,9 X 10-5
pH NH4+ = - log NH4+
= - log 9,9 x 10-5
= 5 log 9,9
= 5 0,99
= 4,01
0 =
OH
OH
108
108+1,8 x 105
108
1,8 x 105
= 0,00055
1 =
OH
Kb
1,8 x 105
8
5
10 +1,8 x 10
1,8 x 105
180000
= 0,9994
Pangkat 3
[OH-]3 + Kb [OH-]2 + (kw + Kb.Cb) [OH-] Kb.Kw
= (10-8)3 + 1,8 x 10-5 x (10-8)2 + (10-14 + 1,8 x 10-5 x 10-4) (10-8) 1,8 x 10-5 x 10-14
= 10-24 + 1,8 x 10-5x 10-16 + (10-14 + 1,8 x 10-9) (10-8) 1,8 x 10-19
= 10-24 + 1,8 x 10-21+ 10-22 +1,8 x 10-17 1,8 x 10-19
= 1,8 x 10-17
pH = 7
CB = 10-4
Kb = 1,8 x 10-5
pH = 7 [H+] = 10-7
[OH-] = 10-7
Pangkat 2
= (10-7)2 + 1,8 x 10-5 x (10-7) 1,8 x 10-5 x 10-4
= 10-14 + 1,8 x 10-12 1,8 x 10-9

= - 1,8 x 10-9
OH
CB = [NH4OH] [1+
]
Kb
OH
[NH4OH] = 1+ Kb
CB
10
5
1,8 x 10
1+
7
[10 ]
104
1+1,8 x 10 2
10
181
= 5,5 x 10 -7
= - log 5,5 x 10-7
= 7 log 5,5
= 7 0,740
= 6,26
[NH4+] =
OH
Kb [ NH 4 OH ]
1,8 X 10 X 5,5 X 10
107
= 9,9 X 10-5
= - log 9,9 x 10-5

= 5 log 9,9
= 5 0,99
= 4,01
0 =
OH
OH
107
107 +1,8 x 105
107
1,8 x 105
= 0,0055
1 =
OH
Kb
1,8 x 105
7
5
10 +1,8 x 10
1,8 x 105
5
1,8 10
=1
Pangkat 3
= (10-7)3 + 1,8 x 10-5 x (10-7)2 + (10-14 + 1,8 x 10-5 x 10-4) (10-7) 1,8 x 10-5 x 10-14
= 10-21 + 1,8 x 10-5x 10-14 + (10-14 + 1,8 x 10-9) (10-7) 1,8 x 10-19
= 10-21 + 1,8 x 10-19+ 10-21 +1,8 x 10-16 1,8 x 10-19
= 1,8 x 10-16
pH = 8
CB = 10-4
Kb = 1,8 x 10-5
pH = 8 [H+] = 10-8
[OH-] = 10-6
Pangkat 2
= (10-6)2 + 1,8 x 10-5 (10-6) 1,8 x 10-5 x 10-4
= 10-12 + 1,8 x 10-11 1,8 x 10-9
= - 1,8 x 10-9
OH
CB = [NH4OH] [1+
]
Kb
OH
[NH4OH] = 1+ Kb
CB
10
5
1,8 x 10
1+
6
[10 ]
104
1+18
104
19
= 5,3 x 10 -6
= - log 5,3 x 10-6
= 6 log 5,3
= 6 0,73
= 5,27
[NH4+] =
OH
Kb[ NH 4 OH ]
1,8 105 5,3 106

6
10
= 9,5 X 10-5
= - log 9,5 10-5
= 5 log 9,5
= 5 0,98
= 4,02
0 =
OH
OH
106
106+1,8 105
106
1,9 105
= 0,053
1 =
OH
Kb
1,8 105
106+1,8 105
1,8 105
1,9 105
= 0,947
Pangkat 3
= (10-6)3 + 1,8 x 10-5 x (10-6)2 + (10-14 + 1,8 x 10-5 x 10-4) (10-6) 1,8 x 10-5 x 10-14
= 10-12 + 1,8 x 10-5 x 10-12 + (10-14 + 1,8 x 10-9) (10-6) 1,8 x 10-19
= 10-12 + 1,8 x 10-17+ 10-20 + 1,8 x 10-15 1,8 x 10-19
= 1,0018 x 10-12
pH = 9
CB = 10-4
Kb = 1,8 x 10-5
pH = 9 [H+] = 10-9
[OH-] = 10-5
Pangkat 2
= (10-5)2 + 1,8 x 10-5 (10-5) 1,8 x 10-5 x 10-4
= 10-10 + 1,8 x 10-10 1,8 x 10-9
= - 1,5 x 10-9
OH
CB = [NH4OH] [1+
]
Kb

OH
[NH4OH] = 1+ Kb
CB
10
5
1,8 x 10
1+
[105 ]
104
1+18
104
19
= 3,5 x 10 -5
= - log 3,5 x 10-5
= 5 log 3,5
= 5 0,54
= 4,46
[NH4+] =
OH
Kb[ NH 4 OH ]
1,8 X 105 X 3,5 X 105

5
10
= 6,4 X 10-5
= - log 6,4 x 10-5
= 5 log 6,4
= 5 0,80
= 4,2
0 =
OH
OH
10
5
5
10 +1,8 x 10
10
5
1,8 x 10
= 0,357
1 =
OH
Kb
1,8 x 105
105 +1,8 x 105
1,8 x 10
180000
= 0,642
Pangkat 3
= (10-5)3 + 1,8 x 10-5 x (10-5)2 + (10-14 + 1,8 x 10-5 x 10-4) (10-5) 1,8 x 10-5 x 10-14
= 10-15 + 1,8 x 10-5 x 10-10 + (10-14 + 1,8 x 10-9) (10-5) 1,8 x 10-19
= 10-15 + 1,8 x 10-15+ 10-19 1,8 x 10-14 1,8 x 10-19
= 1,8 x 10-14
pH = 10
pH = 10
[H+] = 10-10
[OH-] = 10-4
OH
CB = [NH4OH] [1 + k
b
OH
=
k
1+ b
CB
[NH4OH]
10
5
1,8 x 10
1+
[4]
=
104
104
(1+1,8 x 101 )
104
0,10018
= 9,82318E-05
-Log [NH4OH] = 4,007747778
+
[ NH 4 ] =
NH
OH
[ 4 OH ]
kb
1,8 x 105 (9,9 x 105 )

104
= 1,76817E-06
+
NH
-Log [
] = 5,752475273
4

OH
0 = OH
104
104 +1,8 x 105
= 0,982318271
OH
1 =
kb
1,8 x 105
104 +1,8 x 105
= 0,017681729
Pangkat 2
[ OH
4
( 10
( 10
OH
2
+
k b
2
kb .
CB = 0
5
4
+ 1,8 x 10
. 10
) + 1,8 x 10 1,8 x 10
5
4
1,8 x 10 .10 =0
=0
-1,52E-09 = 0
Pangkat 3
[ OH
( 10
OH
3
+
k b
+ 1,8 x 10
kb .
. ( 10
CB) [ OH
14
( 10
1,8 x 105 .104 ( 104 ) 1,8 x 105 . 1014 =0
kb .
kw = 0
12
( 10
14
) + 1,8 x 10 .10 (10
9
4
19
+1,8 x 10 ) ( 10 ) 1,8 x 10
=0
-1,52001E-14 = 0
pH = 11
PH : 11
[H+] : 10-11
[OH-] : 10-3
OH
[NH4OH] : 1+ Kb
CB
104
1,8.105
1+
103
104
1+1,8.102
4
10
1,018
9,823182711. 10-5
-log (9,823182711. 10-5) = 4.007747778
[NH4+] :
O H
Kb[ N H 4 OH ]
1,8.105 x 9,823182711.105
103
1,768172888.10-6
-log(1,768172888.10-6) = 5,752475273
OH
OH
0 :
103
103 x 1,8.105
103
1,8.108
0,847457627
1 :
OH
Kb
1,8.105
103 x 1,8.105
1,8.105
1,8.108
0,152542373
Pangkat 2
[OH]2 + Kb [OH]- Kb x CB
(10-3)2 + 1,8.10-5 x 10-3 - 1,8.10-5 x 10-4
10-6 + 1,8.10-8 - 1,8.10-9
1,0162.10-6
Pangkat 3
[OH]3 + Kb [OH]2 (Kw x Kb x CB) [OH] Kb x Kw
(10-3)3 + 1,8.10-5 x (10-3)2 (10-14 x 1,8.10-5 x 10-4) (10-3) - 1,8.10-5 x 10-14
10-9 + 1,8.10-11 - 1,8.10-26 - 1,8.10-19
10-12
pH = 12
[H+] = 10-12
pH = 12
[OH-] = 10-2
OH
CB = [NH4OH] [1 + k
b
OH
=
k
1+ b
CB
[NH4OH]
10
1,8 x 105
1+
[2]
=
104
10
3
(1+1,8 x 10 )
10
1,0018
= 0,99 x 10
5
= 9,9 x 10
5
-Log [NH4OH] = - Log 9,9 x 10
= 5 - Log 9,9
= 5 0,99
= 4,01
+
[ NH 4 ] =
NH
OH
[ 4 OH ]
kb
1,8 x 10 (9,9 x 10 )
102
8
= 17,82 x 10
+
8
NH
-Log [
] = - Log 17,82 x 10
4
= 8 - Log 17,82
= 8 1,25
= 6,75
OH
0 = OH
10
2
10 +1,8 x 105
102
1,0018 x 102
= 0,99
OH
1 =
kb
1,8 x 105
102+1,8 x 105
1,8 x 105
1,0018 x 102
= 1,79 x 10
Pangkat 2
OH
2
+
k b
[ OH
2
( 10
kb .
CB = 0
5
2
5
4
+ 1,8 x 10
. 10
1,8 x 10 .10 =0
( 10
) + 1,8 x 10 1,8 x 10
104
=0
=0
Pangkat 3
OH
3
+
k b
[ OH
2
( 10
kb .
5
2
+ 1,8 x 10
. ( 10
CB) [ OH
kb .
kw = 0
14
( 10 +
1,8 x 105 .104 ( 102) 1,8 x 105 .1014 =0

6
5
4
14
9
2
19
) + 1,8 x 10 .10 (10 +1,8 x 10 ) ( 10 )1,8 x 10
=0
) + 1,8 x 10 10
( 10
( 10
16
1,8 x 10
11
1,8 x 10
19
=0
106 = 0
pH = 13
Pangkat Dua
OH
OH
+ Kb
- Kb.CB
= (10-1 )2 + 1,8 10-5 (10-1 ) - 1,8 10-5 . 10
= 10-2 + 1,8 10-6 1,8 10-9
=0,01001798
OH
[ ]
Kb
CB =
1+
[ NH 4 OH ]
[ NH 4 OH ]
OH
= 1+ Kb
CB
104
1,8 105
1+
101
104
1+1,8 104
10-5
= 9,9
-logNH4OH = -log 9,9
10-5
= 5-log9,9
= 5-0,99
= 4,01
+
NH 4
OH
Kb [ NH 4 OH ]
1,8 105 . 5,5 1012

1012
= 1,78 10-8
-log NH4+ = -log1,78 10-8
= 8-log1,78
= 8-0,25
= 7,74
Pangkat tiga
OH
OH
+ Kb
OH
2
+
( kwkb . Cb )
( 103 )
103 +1,8 105 102 + ( 10141,8 109 ) ( 101 )1,8 1019
+ 1,810-5
= 0,00100018
OH
0 = OH
101
101 +1,8 x 105
101
1,0018 x 101
= 0,99
OH
1 =
kb
( 101 )
( 10141,8 105 104 ) ( 101 )1,8 105 1014
1,8 x 105
101 +1,8 x 105
1,8 x 105
1,0018 x 101
0,00017
pH = 14
pOH = 14 -14
=0
o
[OH-] =?
-Log [OH-] = 0
[OH-] = 1
o
[NH4OH] = ?
Cb

OH
= [NH4OH] {
kb
1+
10
= [NH4OH] { 1+
10-4
= [NH4OH]
-4
(1+1,8 x 105 )
104
1,000018
[NH4OH]
[NH4OH]
= 9,999 x
Kb
NH
= OH
1,8 x 10
1
105
NH
+
4 1
[NH4+]
9,999 x 10 x 1,8 x 10
1
[NH4+]
= 17,998 x
p NH4+
p NH4+
=?
= - log [NH4+]
1,8 x 10-5
1010
1010
= - log 17,998 x
= 8,744735312
o
p NH4OH
p NH4OH
=?
= - log [NH4OH]
105
= - log 9,999 x
= 4,000007817
o
[NH 4 OH ]
Cb
9,999 x 105
104
= 9,999 x
+
NH 4
17,998 x 1010
104
= 17,998 x
Pangkat tiga
10
10

OH
+ Kb
OH
2
+
=0
( kwkb . Cb )
OH
(1)
1+1,8 105( 1014+1,8 109 )1,8 1019
+ 1,810-5
(1)
( 1014 +1,8 105 104 ) ( 1 ) 1,8 105 1014
= 1,000017998
pangkat 2
OH
Cb= 0
+ Kb
OH
OH
+ 1,810-5 [OH-] - 1,810-5. . 10-4 = 0
OH
+ 1,810-5 [OH-]- 1,8 x 10 -9 =0
1 + 1,8 x 10 -5 - 1,8 x 10 -9 = 0
B. Tabel
p OH
H -
2
3
Kb
1E13
0,0
00
01
8
1E12
1E-
0,0
00
01
8
0,0
C
b
0,
0
0
0
1
0,
0
0
0
1
0,
[OH^- ]
3+Kb[OH^- ]2+(kwkb.Cb)[OH^- ]kb.kw
[OH^- ]
2+Kb[OH^
- ]- Kb. Cb
[NH
4+]
[NH
4OH
]
pNH
4+
pNh
4OH
1E04
5,55
556
E-13
4,00
0000
002
12,2
5527
251
5,55
556E
-09
0,99
9999
994
-1,8018E-19
-1,8E-09
1E04
9,99
5,55
556
E-12
5,55
4,00
0000
024
4,00
11,2
5527
253
10,2
5,55
556E
-08
5,55
0,99
9999
944
0,99
-1,818E-19
-1,98E-19
-1,8E-09
-1,8E-09
11
00
01
8
1E10
0,0
00
01
8
0,0
000
000
01
0,0
00
01
8
0,0
000
000
1
0,0
000
001
0,0
00
01
8
7
0,0
000
01
8
0,0
000
1
0,0
00
01
8
0,0
00
01
8
0,0
00
01
8
1
0
0,0
001
0,0
00
01
8
0,0
01
0,0
00
01
8
0,0
1
0,0
00
01
8
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
0,1
1
0,0
00
01
8
0,0
00
01
0
0
0
1
0,
0
0
0
1
0,
0
0
0
1
0,
0
0
0
1
0,
0
0
0
1
0,
0
0
0
1
0,
0
0
0
1
0,
0
0
0
1
0,
0
0
0
1
0,
0
0
0
1
0,
0
0
0
1
0,
0
0
999
E-05
9,99
994
E-05
555
E-11
5,55
552
E-10
0000
241
4,00
0002
413
5527
275
9,25
5274
918
555E
-07
5,55
552E
-06
9999
444
0,99
9994
444
9,99
944
E-05
5,55
525
E-09
4,00
0024
127
8,25
5296
632
5,55
525E
-05
0,99
9944
448
9,99
445
E-05
9,94
475
E-05
5,55
247
E-08
5,52
486
E-07
4,00
0241
208
4,00
2406
07
7,25
5513
713
6,25
7678
575
0,00
0555
247
0,00
5524
862
4,02
3481
096
5,27
8753
601
0,05
2631
579
0,94
7368
421
6,42
857
E-05
3,57
143
E-05
4,19
1885
526
4,44
7158
031
0,35
7142
857
0,64
2857
143
1,76
817
E-06
1,79
677
E-07
1,79
968
E-08
1,79
997
E-09
9,82
318
E-05
9,98
203
E-05
9,99
82E05
9,99
982
E-05
4,81
6609
502
5,75
2475
273
6,74
5508
522
7,74
4805
661
8,74
4735
312
4,07
1882
007
4,00
7747
778
4,00
0781
027
4,00
0078
166
4,00
0007
817
0,84
7457
627
0,98
2318
271
0,99
8203
234
0,99
9820
032
0,99
9982
-1,97997E-18
-1,79998E09
-1,81781E-17
-1,79982E09
-1,79998E-16
-1,79819E09
-1,78117E-15
-1,781E-09
-1,52001E-14
-1,52E-09
1E-12
0,00000001
1,0162E-09
1,0162E-06
1,00178E-06
0,00010017
8
0,99
4475
138
5,26
316
E-06
8,47
458
E-05
-1,8E-09
0,99
9444
753
9,47
368
E-05
1,52
542
E-05
-3,59999E-19
0,15
2542
373
0,01
7681
729
0,00
1796
766
0,00
0179
968
1,79
997E
-05
0,00100018
1,000017998
0,01000179
8
1,00001799
8
0
1
C. Plot
0
0
0
[NH4+]
[NH4OH]
0
0
0
1
9 10 11 12 13 14
14
12
10
8
pNH4+
pNh4OH
6
4
2
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1.2
1
0.8
0
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1
9 10 11 12 13 14
14
12
OH[NH4+]
10
[NH4OH]
pNH4+
pNh4OH
0
1
2
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Untuk CB = 10-5
A. Perhitungan
1
pH = 1 [H+] = 10
M
13
pOH = 13 [OH-] = 10
CB
5
= 10
M
5
Kb = 1,8 x 10
[ N H 4 OH ]
OH
OH
=
=
CB
( 105 ) (1013)
5,55 x 1014 M
13
5
=
( 10 ) +(1,8 x 10 )
log [N H 4 OH ] = 14- log 5,55 = 13,26
OH
+
(5,55 x 1014 )(1,8 x 105)
N H4
= [N H OH ] Kb =
(1013)
6
= 9,99 x 10 M
+
N H 4
= 6-log 9,99 = 5
log
OH
OH
=
OH
=
Kb
OH
OH
10
(13)+(1,8 x 105 )
=
1013
5,55 x 109
13
= ( 10
(1,8 x 10 )
13
( 10 ) +(1,8 x 105 )
= 0.999
5
13
5
5
+ (1,8 x 10 (10 ) - (1,8 x 10 )( 10
10
= 1,79 x 10

OH
OH
OH + OH
Kb
Kw
Kb Kw
13
= ( 10
13
+ ( 1,8 x 10 (10
10
5
14
5
5
13
19
(14) ( 1013) - ( 1,8 x 10 ) ( 10 ) ( 10 ) - (1,8 x 10 )(10 ) = 1,8 x 10
pH = 2 [H+] = 10
M
12
pOH = 12 [OH-] = 10
CB
5
= 10
M
[ N H 4 OH ]
5
Kb = 1,8 x 10
OH
OH
=
=
CB
( 105 ) (1012)
5,55 x 1013 M
( 1012) +(1,8 x 105 ) =
log [N H 4 OH ] = 13 - log 5,55 = 12,598
OH
+
(5,55 x 1013 )(1,8 x 105)
N H4
= [N H OH ] Kb =
(1012)
+
N H 4
= 6-log 9,99 = 5
log
OH
OH
=
10
(13)+(1,8 x 105 )
=
1013
5,55 x 10
6
= 9,99 x 10 M
OH
OH
OH
=
Kb
(1,8 x 105 )
= ( 1013 ) +(1,8 x 105 ) = 0.999
12
= ( 10
5
12
5
5
+ (1,8 x 10 (10 ) - (1,8 x 10 )( 10
10
= 1,79 x 10
OH
OH
OH + OH
Kb
Kw
Kb Kw
12
= ( 10
5
12
+ ( 1,8 x 10 (10 )
10
5
14
5
5
12
12
(14) ( 10 ) - ( 1,8 x 10 ) ( 10 ) ( 10 ) - (1,8 x 10 )(10 )
11
pOH = 11 [OH-] = 10
M
[ N H 4 OH ]
5
Kb = 1,8 x 10
OH
OH
=
=
CB
( 105 ) (1011 )
5,55 x 1012 M
11
5
=
( 10 ) +( 1,8 x 10 )
log [N H 4 OH ] = 12 - log 5,55 = 11,255
OH
+
(5,55 x 1012 )(1,8 x 105)
N H4
= [N H OH ] Kb =
(1011)
19
= 1,8 x 10
3
pH = 3 [H+] = 10
M
C B = 105 M
6
= 9,99 x 10 M
+
N H 4
= 6-log 9,99 = 5
log
OH
OH
=
OH
=
Kb
OH
OH
10
(11)+(1,8 x 105 )
=
1011
(1,8 x 105 )
( 1011 ) +(1,8 x 105)
11
= ( 10
5,55 x 107
= 0.999
5
11
5
5
+ (1,8 x 10 (10 ) - (1,8 x 10 )( 10
10
= 1,79 x 10
OH
OH
OH + OH
Kb
Kw
Kb Kw
10
5
5
11
(14) ( 1011 ) - ( 1,8 x 10 ) ( 10 ) ( 10 )
pH = 4 [H+] = 10
M
10
pOH = 10 [OH-] = 10
CB
5
= 10
M
5
Kb = 1,8 x 10
11
= ( 10
11
+ ( 1,8 x 10 (10
) -
5
14
16
- (1,8 x 10 )(10 ) = 1,8 x 10
[ N H 4 OH ]
OH
OH
=
=
CB
( 105 ) (1010)
5,55 x 1011 M
10
5
=
( 10 ) +(1,8 x 10 )
log [N H 4 OH ] = 11 - log 5,55 = 10,255
OH
+
(5,55 x 1011 )(1,8 x 105 )
N H4
= [N H OH ] Kb =
(1010 )
6
= 9,99 x 10 M
+
N H 4
= 6-log 9,99 = 5
log
OH
OH
=
OH
=
Kb
OH
OH
10
(10)+(1,8 x 105 )
=
1010
5,55 x 106
10
= ( 10
(1,8 x 10 )
13
( 10 ) +(1,8 x 105 )
= 0.999
5
10
5
5
+ (1,8 x 10 (10 ) - (1,8 x 10 )( 10
10
= 1,79 x 10

OH
OH
OH + OH
Kb
Kw
Kb Kw
10
= ( 10
10
+ ( 1,8 x 10 (10
10
5
14
5
5
10
9
(14) ( 1010) - ( 1,8 x 10 ) ( 10 ) ( 10 ) - (1,8 x 10 )(10 ) = 1,98 x 10
pH = 5 [H+] = 10
M
9
pOH = 9 [OH-] = 10
CB
5
= 10
M
[ N H 4 OH ]
5
Kb = 1,8 x 10
OH
OH
=
=
CB
( 105 ) (109)
5,55 x 1010 M
( 109 ) +(1,8 x 105) =
log [N H 4 OH ] = 11 - log 5,55 = 9,255
OH
+
(5,55 x 1010)(1,8 x 105)
N H4
= [N H OH ] Kb =
(109)
+
N H 4
= 6-log 9,99 = 5
log
OH
OH
=
10
(9)+(1,8 x 105 )
109
5
= 5,55 x 10
6
= 9,99 x 10 M
OH
OH
OH
=
Kb
(1,8 x 105)
= ( 109 ) +(1,8 x 105) = 0.999
5
9
9
5
5
= ( 10 + (1,8x 10 (10 ) - (1,8 x 10 )( 10
10
= 1,79 x 10
OH
OH
OH + OH
Kb
Kw
Kb Kw
9
= ( 10
10
5
5
9
9
(14) ( 10 ) - ( 1,8 x 10 ) ( 10 ) ( 10 )
5
9
+ ( 1,8 x 10 (10 ) -
5
14
19
- (1,8 x 10 )(10 ) = 3,59 x 10
6
pH = 6 [H+] = 10
M
8
pOH = 8 [OH-] = 10 M
C B = 105 M
[ N H 4 OH ]
5
Kb = 1,8 x 10
OH
OH
=
=
CB
( 105 ) (108)
5,55 x 109 M
8
5
=
( 10 ) +(1,8 x 10 )
log [N H 4 OH ] = 11 - log 5,55 = 8,255
OH
+
(5,55 x 109 )(1,8 x 105 )
N H4
= [N H OH ] Kb =
(108)
6
= 9,99 x 10 M
+
N H 4
= 6-log 9,99 = 5
log
OH
OH
=
OH
=
Kb
OH
OH
10
(8)+(1,8 x 105 )
108
( 1,8 x 105)
( 108 ) +(1,8 x 105)
4
= 5,55 x 10
= 0.999
5
8
8
5
5
= ( 10 + (1,8 x 10 (10 ) - (1,8 x 10 )( 10
10
= 1,79 x 10
OH
OH
OH + OH
Kb
Kw
Kb Kw
8
= ( 10 + ( 1,8 x 10 (10 ) -
10
5
14
5
5
8
18
(14) ( 108 ) - ( 1,8 x 10 ) ( 10 ) ( 10 ) - (1,8 x 10 )(10 ) = 1,98 x 10
pH = 7 [H+] = 10
M
7
pOH = 7 [OH-] = 10
CB
5
= 10
M
5
Kb = 1,8 x 10
[ N H 4 OH ]
OH
OH
=
=
CB
( 105 ) (107)
5,52 x 108 M
7
5
=
( 10 ) +(1,8 x 10 )
log [N H 4 OH ] = 11 - log 5,55 = 7,258
OH
+
(5,52 x 108 )(1,8 x 105)
N H4
= [N H OH ] Kb =
(107 )
6
= 9,9 x 10 M
+
N H 4
= 6-log 9,99 = 5
log
OH
OH
=
OH
=
Kb
OH
OH
10
(7)+(1,8 x 105 )
=
107
5,52 x 103
( 1,8 x 10 )
7
( 10 ) +(1,8 x 105)
= 0.99
5
7
7
5
5
= ( 10 + (1,8 x 10 (10 ) - (1,8 x 10 )( 10
10
= 1,78 x 10

OH
OH
OH + OH
Kb
Kw
Kb Kw
7
= ( 10 + ( 1,8 x 10 (10 ) -
10
5
14
5
5
7
17
(14) ( 107 ) - ( 1,8 x 10 ) ( 10 ) ( 10 ) - (1,8 x 10 )(10 ) = 1,8 x 10
pH = 8 [H+] = 10
M
6
pOH = 6 [OH-] = 10
CB
5
= 10
M
[ N H 4 OH ]
5
Kb = 1,8 x 10
OH
OH
=
=
CB
( 105 ) (106)
5,26 x 107 M
( 106 ) +(1,8 x 105) =
log [N H 4 OH ] = 11 - log 5,55 = 6,279
OH
+
(5,26 x 107 )(1,8 x 105 )
N H4
= [N H OH ] Kb =
(106)
+
N H 4
= 6-log 9,99 = 5,023
log
OH
OH
=
10
(6)+(1,8 x 105 )
106
= 0,0562
6
= 9,47 x 10
M
OH
OH
OH
=
Kb
(1,8 x 105)
= ( 106 ) +(1,8 x 105) = 0,9474
5
6
6
5
5
= ( 10 + (1,8 x 10 (10 ) - (1,8 x 10 )( 10
10
= 1,61 x 10
OH
OH
OH + OH
Kb
Kw
Kb Kw
6
= ( 10
10
5
5
6
6
(14) ( 10 ) - ( 1,8 x 10 ) ( 10 ) ( 10 )
5
6
+ ( 1,8 x 10 (10 ) -
5
14
16
- (1,8 x 10 )(10 ) = 1,61 x 10
9
pH = 9 [H+] = 10
M
5
pOH = 5 [OH-] = 10 M
C B = 105 M
[ N H 4 OH ]
5
Kb = 1,8 x 10
OH
OH
=
=
CB
( 105 ) (105)
3,57 x 106 M
5
5
=
( 10 ) +(1,8 x 10 )
log [N H 4 OH ] = 14- log 5,55 = 13,26
OH
+
(3,57 x 106 )(1,8 x 105 )
N H4
= [N H OH ] Kb =
(105)
6
= 6,4627 x 10 M
+
N H 4
= 6-log 6,4627 = 5,192
log
OH
OH
=
OH
=
Kb
OH
OH
10
(5)+(1,8 x 105 )
=
105
13
= ( 10
(1,8 x 105 )
( 1013) +(1,8 x 105 )
0,357
= 0.643
5
13
5
5
+ (1,8 x 10 (10 ) - (1,8 x 10 )( 10
10
= 10
OH
OH
OH + OH
Kb
Kw
Kb Kw
13
= ( 10
13
+ ( 1,8 x 10 (10
10
5
14
5
5
13
16
(14) ( 1013) - ( 1,8 x 10 ) ( 10 ) ( 10 ) - (1,8 x 10 )(10 ) = 9,9 x 10
10
pH = 10 [H+] = 10
pOH = 4 [OH-] = 10
CB
5
= 10
M
M
M
5
Kb = 1,8 x 10
[ N H 4 OH ]
OH
OH
=
=
CB
( 105 ) (104 )
8,47 x 106 M
4
5
=
( 10 ) +(1,8 x 10 )
log [N H 4 OH ] = 13 - log 5,55 = 12,598
OH
+
(8,47 x 106 )(1,8 x 105 )
N H4
= [N H OH ] Kb =
(104 )
6
= 1,525 x 10 M
+
N H 4
= 6-log 1,525 = 6-0,183=5,817
log
OH
OH
=
OH
=
Kb
OH
OH
10
(4)+(1,8 x 105 )
=
104
0,847
4
= ( 10
(1,8 x 10 )
4
( 10 ) +(1,8 x 105 )
= 0.153
5
4
5
5
+ (1,8 x 10 (10 ) - (1,8 x 10 )( 10
8
= 1,162 x 10

OH
OH
OH + OH
Kb
Kw
Kb Kw
= ( 10
+ ( 1,8 x 10 (10 ) -
10
5
14
5
5
4
12
(14) ( 104 ) - ( 1,8 x 10 ) ( 10 ) ( 10 ) - (1,8 x 10 )(10 ) = 1,16 x 10
11
pH = 11 [H+] = 10
M
3
pOH = 3 [OH-] = 10
CB
5
= 10
M
5
Kb = 1,8 x 10
[ N H 4 OH ]
OH
OH
=
=
CB
+
N H 4
=
OH
[N H 4 OH ] Kb
( 105 ) (103)
9,82 x 106 M
( 103 ) +(1,8 x 105 ) =
(9,82 x 106 )(1,8 x 105 )

(1011 )
+
N H 4
= 7-log 1,76 = 7-0,246=6,754
log
OH
OH
=
10
5
(3)+(1,8 x 10 )
=
103
0,982
7
= 1,76 x 10 M
OH
=
Kb
OH
OH
( 1,8 x 105)
= ( 103 ) +(1,8 x 105 ) = 0.017
5
3
3
5
5
= ( 10 + (1,8 x 10 (10 ) - (1,8 x 10 )( 10
6
= 1,0178 x 10
OH
OH
OH + OH
Kb
Kw
Kb Kw
5
3
3
= ( 10 + ( 1,8 x 10 (10 )
10
5
14
5
5
3
3
(14) ( 10 ) - ( 1,8 x 10 ) ( 10 ) ( 10 ) - (1,8 x 10 )(10 )
2
pOH = 2 [OH-] = 10 M
5
Kb = 1,8 x 10
[ N H 4 OH ]
OH
OH
=
=
CB
+
N H 4
=
OH
[N H 4 OH ] Kb
+
N H 4
log
( 105 ) (102)
9,98 x 106 M
2
5
=
( 10 )+(1,8 x 10 )
(9,98 x 10 )(1,8 x 10 )
(102)
= 9-log 1,79 = 9-0,253=8,747
= 1,018 x 10
12
pH = 12 [H+] = 10
M
C B = 105 M
6
= 1,79 x 10 M
OH
OH
=
OH
=
Kb
OH
OH
10
(2)+(1,8 x 105)
102
= 0,998
( 1,8 x 105)
= ( 102 )+(1,8 x 105 ) = 0.002
5
2
2
5
5
= ( 10 + (1,8 x 10 (10 ) - (1,8 x 10 )( 10
11
= 1,0017 x 10
OH
OH
OH
OH +
Kb
Kw
Kb Kw
5
2
2
= ( 10 + ( 1,8 x 10 (10 )
10
5
14
5
5
2
2
(14) ( 10 ) - ( 1,8 x 10 ) ( 10 ) ( 10 ) - (1,8 x 10 )(10 )
13
pH = 13 [H+] = 10
pOH = 1 [OH-] = 10
C B = 10
M
M
5
Kb = 1,8 x 10
6
= 1,00179 x 10
[ N H 4 OH ]
OH
OH
=
=
CB
+
N H4
=
OH
[N H 4 OH ] Kb
( 105 ) (101)
5,26 x 107 M
1
5
=
( 10 )+(1,8 x 10 )
(5,26 x 107 )(1,8 x 105 )

(109)
11
= 9,46 x 10
M
+
N H 4
= 11-log 9,46 = 11-0,976=10,024
log
OH
OH
=
OH
=
Kb
OH
OH
10
(1)+(1,8 x 105)
101
= 0,999
( 1,8 x 105)
( 101 )+(1,8 x 105 )
= 0,0001
1
= ( 10
5
1
5
5
+ (1,8 x 10 (10 ) - (1,8 x 10 )( 10
= 0,010

OH
OH
OH + OH
Kb
Kw
Kb Kw
1
= ( 10 + ( 1,8 x 10 (10 )
10
5
14
5
5
1
(14)( 101) - ( 1,8 x 10 ) ( 10 ) ( 10 ) - (1,8 x 10 )(10 ) = 0,001
14
pH = 14 [H+] = 10
pOH = 0 [OH-] = 10 =1 M
CB
5
= 10
M
5
Kb = 1,8 x 10
[ N H 4 OH ]
OH
OH
=
=
CB
+
N H 4
=
OH
[N H 4 OH ] Kb
( 105 ) (1)
9,49 x 106 M
=
( 1 ) +(1,8 x 10 )
5
+
N H 4
= 10-log 1,79 =10-0,253=9,747
log
OH
OH
=
(9,49 x 10 )(1,8 x 10 )
(1)
1
5
(1)+(1,8 x 10 )
= 0,999
10
= 1,79 x 10
M

OH
=
Kb
OH
OH
(1,8 x 105 )
(1)+(1,8 x 105 )
= (1
= 0.00001
5
5
5
+ (1,8 x 10 (1) - (1,8 x 10 )( 10
= 1,000018
OH
OH
OH
OH +
Kb
Kw
Kb Kw
5
= ( 1 + ( 1,8 x 10 (1)
10
5
14
5
5
(14) ( 1 ) - ( 1,8 x 10 ) ( 10 ) ( 1 ) - (1,8 x 10 )(10 ) = 1,000018
pH
[H+]
[OH-]
[NH4 ]
0,1
1E-13
1E-05
0,01
1E-12
0,001
1E-11
0,0001
0,00001
1E-10
0,00000000
1
0,000001
0,00000001
0,0000001
0,0000001
0,0000000
1
1E-09
0,00001
10
1E-10
0,0001
11
1E-11
0,001
1E-05
9,99999
E-06
9,99994
E-06
9,99944
E-06
9,99445
E-06
9,94475
E-06
9,47368
E-06
6,42857
E-06
1,52542
E-06
1,76817
E-07
0,000001
[NH4O
H]
5,556E14
5,556E13
5,556E12
5,556E11
5,555E10
5,552E09
5,525E08
5,263E07
3,571E06
8,475E06
9,823E06
log[NH4+]
5
5,0000000
2
5,0000002
4
5,0000024
1
5,0000241
3
5,0002412
1
5,0024060
7
5,0234811
5,1918855
3
5,8166095
6,7524752
7
log[NH4O
H]
13,2552725
1
12,2552725
3
11,2552727
5
10,2552749
2
9,25529663
2
8,25551371
3
7,25767857
5
6,27875360
1
5,44715803
1
5,07188200
7
5,00774777
8
0
5,55556E09
5,55556E08
5,55555E07
5,55552E06
5,55525E05
0,00055524
7
0,00552486
2
0,05263157
9
0,35714285
7
0,84745762
7
0,98231827
1
1
0,99999999
4
0,99999994
4
0,99999944
4
0,99999444
4
0,99994444
8
0,99944475
3
0,99447513
8
0,94736842
1
0,64285714
3
0,15254237
3
0,01768172
9
[O
12
1E-12
0,01
13
1E-13
0,1
14
1E-14
1,79677
E-08
1,79968
E-09
1,79997
E-10
9,982E06
9,998E06
1E-05
7,7455085
2
8,7448056
6
9,7447353
1
5,00078102
7
5,00007816
6
5,00000781
7
0,99820323
4
0,99982003
2
0,999982
0,00179676
6
0,00017996
8
1,79997E05
0
0
0
[NH4+]
[NH4OH]
0
0
0
1
9 10 11 12 13 14
1.2
1
0.8
0
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1
10 11 12 13 14
14
12
10
8
-log[NH4+]
-log[NH4OH]
6
4
2
0
1
9 10 11 12 13 14
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
pH 2 4 6 8 101214
-2
[H+]
[OH-]
[NH4+]
[NH4OH]
-log[NH4+]
-log[NH4OH]
[OH-]2+[OH-]kb-kb.cb
[OH-]3+Kb[OH-]2Kw[OH-]-KbCb[OH-]KbKw
Jabarkan persamaan [H+] dari H3PO4
Ka1 =
H2PO4-
HPO42- + H+
Ka2 =
HPO42-
PO43- + H+
Ka3 =
Ka1 . Ka2 . Ka3 =
Ka1 . Ka2 . Ka3 =
Ka1 . Ka2 =
Ka2 . Ka3 =
CA =
CA =
Ka2 . Ka3 =
CA =
CA =
CA =
CA =
CA =
CA =
CA =
CA =
CA =
Adapun [H+] dapat dijabarkan dari kesetimbangan muatan

[H+] = [H2PO4-] + 2[HPO42-] + 3[PO43-] + [OH-]
Bila sumbangan [OH-] = Kw dari penambahan konsentrasi [H+] dalam larutan [H+]
diabaikan, maka
[H+] =
Apabila sumbangan [H+] dari disosiasi ketiga diabaikan maka lebih sederhana lagi
Pengabaian lebih lanjut [H+] + Ka1 = [H+]
Jabarkan persamaan [H+] dari EDTA
H4Y H3Y- + H+
Ka1 =
H3Y- H2Y2- + H+
Ka2 =
H2Y2- HY3-+ H+
Ka3 =
HY3- Y4- + H+
Ka4 =
Ka1 . Ka2 =
Ka2. Ka3 =
Ka3. Ka4 =
Ka1 . Ka2 . Ka3 =
Ka1 . Ka2 . Ka3.Ka4 =
CY =
Adapun [H+] dapat dijabarkan dari kesetimbangan muatan
Bila sumbangan
dari penambahan konsentrasi
dalam larutan, maka:
Apabila sumbangan [H+] dari disosiasi keempat diabaikan, maka pers. lebih sederhana
Apabila sumbangan [H+] dari disosiasi ke 2,3 diabaikan , maka pers. lebih sederhana lagi
CA =
Apabila sumbangan [H+] dari disosiasi ke 2,3,4 diabaikan maka pers. lebih sederhana lagi
CA =
Dari kesetimbangan muatan
dengan mengabaikan
[H+]=
Pengabaian lebih lanjut
menjadi [H+] dan [H3Y-]

Reni Alfiyani - Pka14

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TUGAS KIMIA ANALITIK 1

Kesetimbangan Asam-Basa dan

PENDIDIKAN KIMIA A 2014

1,8 x 105 x 0,555 x 105

[OH-]2 + Kb [OH-] Kb.Cb

[OH-]2 + Kb [OH-] Kb.Cb

1,8 x 105 x 5,55 x 108

[OH-]2 + Kb [OH-] Kb.Cb

1,8 x 105 x 5,55 x 107

[OH-]2 + Kb [OH-] Kb.Cb

1,8 x 105 x 5,55 x 106

[OH-]2 + Kb [OH-] Kb.Cb

1,8 x 105 x 5,52 x 105

[OH-]2 + Kb [OH-] Kb.Cb

[OH-]2 + Kb [OH-] Kb.Cb

1,8 x 105 x 5,26 x 103

[OH-]2 + Kb [OH-] Kb.Cb

[10-18 + 1,8x10-17 1,80000001x10-12 + 1,8x10-19]= 0

log [ NH 4 OH ] =log ( 0,035714285 )

[OH-]2 + Kb [OH-] Kb.Cb

= 0,642857142 = 6,43 x 10-1

log [ NH 4 OH ] =log ( 0,084745762 )

= 0,152542372 = 1,53 x 10-1

[OH-]2 + Kb [OH-] Kb.Cb

log [ NH 4 OH ] =log ( 0,098231827 )

= 0,017681728 = 1,77 x 10-2

[OH-]2 + Kb [OH-] Kb.Cb

1,8 x 105 x 9,98 x 102

log [ NH 4 OH ] =log ( 0,099820323 )

-log [NH4+] = -log (1,768172886x10-3)

= 1,796765822 x 10-3 = 1,79 x 10-3

1,8 x 105 x 9,998 x 102

log [ NH 4 OH ] =log ( 0,099982003 )

= 1,799676058 x 10-4 = 1,79 x 10-4

[OH-]2 + Kb [OH-] Kb.Cb

1,8 x 105 x 9,9998 x 102

log [ NH 4 OH ] =log ( 0,0999982 )

= 1,799967601 x 10-5 = 1,79 x 10-5

[OH-]2 + Kb [OH-] Kb.Cb

h. f(x) = [OH-]2 +Kb.[OH-] Kb.Cb

h. f(x) = [OH-]2 +Kb.[OH-] Kb.Cb

5,55 x 109 . 1,8 x 105

5,55 x 109 . 1,8 x 105

= 10-20 + 1,8 x 10-15 - 1,8 x 10-7

h. f(x) = [OH-]2 +Kb.[OH-] Kb.Cb

h. f(x) = [OH-]2 +Kb.[OH-] Kb.Cb

i. f(x) = [OH-]3+Kb[OH-]2-(Kw+KbCb)[OH-] KwKb

= -log 9,94464 x 10-3

e. -log [NH4OH] = -log (5,52485)

h. f(x) = [OH-]2 +Kb.[OH-] Kb.Cb

f(x) = [OH-]3 - Kb. Cb. [OH-] + Kb[OH-]2

[NH4+] =5,26315 x 104. 1,8x10-5

h. f(x) = [OH-]2 +Kb.[OH-] Kb.Cb

3,571 x 103 . 1,8 x 105

= - log (6,4278 x 10-3)

= (10-5)2 + 1,8 x 10-5 (10-5) 1,8 x 10-5 (10-2)

i. [OH-]3 + Kb [OH-]2 ( Kw + KbCb) [OH-] KbKw

8,4745 x 103 . 1,8 x 105

= - log 8,4745x 10-3

= - log 1,5254 x 10-3

= (10-4)2 + 1,8 x 10-5 (10-4) 1,8 x 10-5 (10-2)

= 10-8 + 1,8 x 10-9 - 1,8 x 10-7

9,823 x 103 . 1,8 x 105