Sample Dispersion & RI Guide PDF

Sample dispersion &
refractive index guide

MAN 0079
Version3.1
April 1997
Malvern Instruments Ltd. 1996, 1997.
Malvern Instruments makes every effort to ensure that this document is correct.
However, due to Malvern Instruments policy of continual product development we are unable to
guarantee the accuracy of this, or any other document after the date of publication. We therefore
disclaim all liability for any changes, errors or omissions after the date of publication.
No reproduction or transmission of any part of this publication is allowed without the express written
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U.K.
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Printed in England
CONTENTS
Contents
Chapter 1 - Refractive index list
Chapter 2 - Particle dispersion techniques
Chapter 3 - List of suppliers
C O N T E N T S
Page i
CONTENTS
Page ii
D i s p e r s i o n
&
R e f r a c t i v e
I n d e x
G u i d e
M A N
0 0 7 9
Refractive index list
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Formula
Refractive index
Acanthite
(Silver Sulphide)
Acetal
Acetone
Adipic Acid
Agate
Albite
Albite
(Feldspar)
Almandine
(Garnet)
Alumina
Alumina trihydrate
Aluminium Hydroxide
(Nat. Boehmite)
Aluminium Oxide
(Corundum)
Aluminium Silicate
Aluminium Stearate
Aluminum Sulphate
Ammonium Chloride
Ammonium Sulphate
Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate
Anatase
(Titanium Dioxide)
Andesine
(Feldspar)
Andradite
(Garnet)
Anglesitte
(Lead Sulphate)
Anhydrite
(Calcium Sulphate)
Ag2S
2.2
(CH2 .CH2 .COOH)2

SiO2
Na O.AI O .6SiO
NaAlSi3O8
1.48
1.36
1.433
1.544 - 1.553
1.529
1.527 - 1.538
1.830
AI O
AI O H 0
Al(OH)2
AlO(OH)
Al2O3
2
33
1.760
1.577-1.595
1.50 - 1.56
1.64 - 1.67
1.76 - 1.768
1.765
1.65
1.49
1.47
1.642
1.523
1.52
2.5612 - 2.613
Al O . SiO
Al(C H O )
AI (SO )
NH CI
NH SO
(NH ) H P O
TiO
2
18
35
2 3
4 3
([NaSi] 0.7-0.5 [CaAl] 0.3-0.5) AlSi O

2
1.544 - 1.563
1.887
PbSO
1.8771 - 1.8937
CaSO
1.5698 - 1.6136
R E F R A C T I V E
I N D E X
L I S T
Page 1.1
Dispersion & Refractive Index Guide
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Formula
Refractive index
Anhydrite
(Gypsum)
Anhydrous Borax
Anorthite
(Feldspar)
Anorthoclase
(Feldspar)
Antimony Trioxide
(Nat. Semarnontite)
(Nat. Valentine)
Antimony Vermilion
Argonite
(Calcium Carbonate)
Arsenic Sulphur Glass
Arsenous Oxide
CaSO .2H O
1.519 - 1.531
Na O.2B O
CaAl Si O
1.501
1.577 -1.590
Asphaltum
(Bitumen)
Azurite
Baddeyelite
(Zirconium Oxide)
Barite
(Barytes)
Barium Carbonate
(Witherite)
Barium Chloride
Barium Crown Glass
(Light)
(Medium)
(Dense)
Barium Fluoride
Barium Oxide
Barium Sulphate
(Barite, Barytes)
Barium Mono-sulphide
Barium Titanate
Page 1.2
(Na,K)AlSi O
3
1.523 - 1.529
Sb O
2
2.087
2.18 - 2.35
2.65
1.530 - 1.686
Sb S
CaCO
2
2.61
1.76 (V)
1.92 (I)
1.64 - 1.66
As O
2
2CuCO .Cu(OH)
ZrO
1.73 - 1.83
2.13 - 2.20
BaSO
1.6362 - 1.6482
BaCO
1.529 - 1.677
BaCI2.2H O
1.642
BaF
BaO
BaSO
1.54065
1.576
1.613
1.47
1.98
1.637 - 1.649
BaS
BaTiO
2.155
2.40
M A N
0 0 7 9
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Formula
Refractive index
Barium Yellow
Barytes
(Barite, Blanc Fixe)
Benzene
Benzyl Alcohol
Benzyl Benzoate
Beryllium Oxide
Biotite
(Mica)
Bitumen
Black Pigments
Blanc Fixe
(Artificial Barytes)
Blue Pigments
Boehmite
Bone Black
Boracic Acid
Borax
Borax
Boric Oxide
Boro-silicate Crown Glass
(Soda lime glass)
Boron Oxide
Boron Oxide Glass
Brick Dust
Brookite
(Titanium Dioxide)
Brown Pigments
N-butanol
Butanone
Butter Fat
Cadmium Iodide
Calcium Metaborate
BaCrO
BaSO
1.94 - 1.98
1.636 - 1.649
CH
C H CH OH
BeO
K(Mg,Fe) AlSi O (OH,F)
1.50
1.538-1.541
1.568-1.570
1.719
1.565 - 1.696
BaSO
1.6500
1.675 (average)
1.638 - 1.649
10
1.63 (average)
1.64 - 1.67
1.65 - 1.70
1.456
1.4466 - 1.4687
1.469
1.459
1.50970
1.513
1.61-1.64
1.485
1.44
2.5831 - 2.7004
AlO(OH)
C + Ca (PO )
B O .3H O
Na B O
Na O.2B O .10H O
BO
3
4 2
BO
BO
2
TiO
1.653 (average)
1.3993
1.38
1.4548
2.7
1.660
CH CH CH CH OH
CH CH COCH
3
CdI
Ca(BO )
2
2 2
R E F R A C T I V E
I N D E X
L I S T
Page 1.3
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Formula
Refractive index
Cadmium Oxide
Cadmium Red
Cadmium Red Lithopone
Cadmium Sulfide
(Greenockite)
Cadmium Yellow
Cadmium Yellow Lithopone
Calcite
(Calcium Carbonate)
Calcium Carbide
Calcium Carbonate
Calcium Carbonate
(Argonite)
(Nat. Calcite)
(Nat. Vaterite)
Calcium Carbonate Hexahydrate
Calcium Chloride
Calcium Chlorite
Calcium Fluoride
(Fluorite)
Calcium Hydroxide
(Hydrated Lime)
Calcium Hypochlorite
Calcium Hypochlorite Tri-hydrate
Calcium Magnesium Carbonate
(Dolamite)
Calcium Metasilicate ()
Calcium Metasilicate ()
(Nat. Wollastonite)
Calcium Molybdate
(Pawellite)
Calcium Oxide (lime)
(Calcia)
Calcium per Oxide
CdO
CdS(Se)
CdS(Se) + BaSO
CaS
1.49
2.64 - 2.77
2.50 - 2.76
2.506 - 2.529
CdS
CdS + BaSO
CaCO
2.35 - 2.48
2.39 - 2.40
1.486 - 1.740
CaC
CaCO
CaCO
1.750
1.681 (IV)
Page 1.4
CaCO .6H O
CaCI
Ca(C ) .2Ca(OH)
CaF
1.53 - 1.685
1.4864 - 1.6583
1.55 - 1.65
1.460 - 1.545
1.52
1.51 - 1.585
1.43
Ca(OH)
1.545 - 1.574
lO 2
Ca(ClO)
Ca(ClO) .3H O
CaCO , MgCO
1.545 - 1.69
1.535 - 1.63
1.5026-1.6817
CaSiO
CaSiO
1.6350
1.6145
CaMoO
1.97
CaO
1.838
CaO
1.895
M A N
0 0 7 9
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Formula
Refractive index
Calcium Phosphate
(tri) Calcium Phosphate
Calcium Meta Silicate ()
(Nat. Pseudowollastonite)
Calcium Meta Silicate ()
(Wollastoneite)
Calcium Di-ortho Silicate I
Calcium Di-ortho Silicate Ii
Calcium Di-ortho Silicate Iii
Calcium Tri-silicate
(Nat. Alite)
Ca (PO )
Ca (PO )
CaSiO
1.629
1.627
1.610 - 1.664
CaSiO
1.616 - 1.613
4 2
4 2
Ca SiO
Ca SiO
Ca SiO
Ca SiO
or
3Ca .SiO
2
1.717 - 1.735
1.717 - 1.735
1.642 - 1.654
1.718 - 1.724
Calcium Sulphate
(Nat. Anhydrite)
(Nat. Gypsum)
Calcium Sulphide
(Nat. Oldhamite)
Calcium Titanate
Calcium Tungstate
Caraway Oil
Carbon
(Lamp Black, Graphite)
Carbon Tetrachloride /
Tetrachloromethane
Cardamom Oil
Castor Oil
Castrol
Cellulose Acetate
Cellulose Acetate Butpate
Cement
Cerium Compounds
Cerium (iii) Orthophosphate
(nat. Monazite)
Cerulean Blue
CaSO .2H O
CaSO .2H O
CaS
1.569 - 1.613
1.521 - 1.53
2.137
CaTiO3
CaW0
1.57
1.9185
1.485-1.492
2.42
C
CCl
1.46
CePO
1.461-1.467
1.4770
1.1000
1.46-1.5
1.46-1.49
1.68 (average)
1.8282
1.774-1.851
1.84
CoO.SnO
R E F R A C T I V E
I N D E X
L I S T
Page 1.5
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Formula
Refractive index
Cerussite
Cer-vitcioi
Chalk
(Whiting)
Chalcedony
(Fiberous, Impure Quartz)
Chazabite
China Clay
(Kaolinite)
Chloroform
Chocolate
Chrome Alum
Chrome Orange
Chrome Green (med.)
Chrome Yellow (med.)
Chromic Oxide
Chromium
Chromium Oxide Green
Cigarette Ash
Cinnamon Oil
Clofibrate
Clove Oil
Coconut Oil
Cobalt Blue
Cobalt Carbonate
(Nat. Spherocobaltite)
Cobalt Ii Per-chlorate
Cobalt Ii Per-chlorate
(Needles)
Cobalt Ll Chloride Di-hydrate
Cobalt Fluosilicate
Cobalt Green
Cobalt Yellow
PbCO
1.804 - 2.079
1.54
1.53 - 1.68
Page 1.6
CaCO
See Calcium Carbonate
SiO2
1.544- 1.553
1.482
1.533 - 1.577
Al Si O (OH)
4
10
CHCI
Cr (SO ) .K SO .24H O
PbCrO .Pb(OH)
Fe [Fe(CN) ] + PbCrO
PbCrO
Cr O
Cr
Cr O
2
4 3
6 3
CoO.Al O
CoCO
2
1.444
1.5900
1.481
2.42 - 2.7
2.4
2.31 - 2.49
2.551
3.51
2.5
1.53
1.573-1.600
1.500-1.505
1.528-1.537
1.448-1.450
1.74
1.60 - 1.855
Co(C ) .6H O
Co(C )
1.55
1.490 - 1.51
CoC .2H O
CoSiF .6H O
CoO.ZnO
CoK (NO ) .H O
1.625 - 1.67
1.382 - 1.387
1.94 - 2.0
1.72 - 1.76
lO4 2
lO4 2
l2
2 6
M A N
0 0 7 9
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Formula
Refractive index
Cobalt II Oxide
Cobalt Violet
Cocoa Butter
Cobaltous Nitrate
Cobaltus Sulphate
Coconut Oil
Cod-liver Oil
Coffee Dust
Copper
Copper II Carbonate
(Nat. Malachite)
(Nat. Azurite, Chessylite)
Copper L Chloride
(Nantokite)
Copper II Chloride Di-hydrate
Copper I Oxide
(Cuprite)
Copper II Oxide
(Tenorite)
Copper III Oxide
Copper I Sulphate
(powder)
Copper II Sulphate
(Nat. Hydrocianite)
Copper II Sulphate Basic
(Nat. Brochantite)
Copper II Sulphate Pentahydrate
(Nat. Chalcanthacite)
Copper II Sulphide
(Nat. Covellite)
Coriander Oil
Cork Dust
Corn Oil
(Zea Mays)
CoO
Co (PO )
1.74
1.65 - 1.81
1.4568
1.4
1.483
1.4493
1.481
1.53
0.25
4 2
Co(NO ) .6H O
CoSO .7H O
3 2
Cu
CaCO .Cu(OH)
2CaCO .Cu(OH)
CuCl
1.655 - 1.909
1.730 - 1.838
1.93
CuCl .2H O
Cu2O
1.644 - 1.731
2.705
CuO
2.63
Cu SO
1.93
1.724 - 1.739
CuSO
1.733
CuSO .3Cu(OH)
1.728 - 1.800
(CuSO4 .5H O)
1.514 - 1.543
CuS
1.45
1.462-1.472
1.49 - 1.65
1.4734
R E F R A C T I V E
I N D E X
L I S T
Page 1.7
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Formula
Refractive index
Coroundum
(Ruby, Saphire)
Cotton
Cotton Seed Oil
Covellite
(Copper II Sulphide)
Cristobalite
(Quartz)
Crotamiton
Crown Glass
(Soft)
(Hard)
Cryolite
Cupric Oxide
Cuprite
(Copper I Oxide)
Cuprous Oxide
Cyclic Ketone Resin
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanone
Dandruff & Epithelial Cells
N - Decane
Dementholised
Diglyme
(Diethylene Glycol Dimethylether)
or (Dimethyldigol)
Diamond
Diatomaceous Earth
(Silicon Dioxide)
Dichloromethane
Diethyl Phthalate
Dimethyl Sulphoxide
Dill Oil
Dimer Caprol
Al O
1.759 - 1.772
CuS
1.459 - 1.58
1.4735
1.45
SiO2
1.484 - 1.487
Page 1.8
1.540-1.542
1.51516
1.51899
1.339
2.63
2.705
3NaF.AIF
CuO
Cu2O
Cu O
(CH , O,CH , CH ) 0
2.705
1.60
1.4266
1.45
1.53
1.4102
1.456-1.466
1.4070-1.4085
C
SiO
2.4175
1.435
CH , (CH ) 8CH
3
2 2
1.42
1.500-1.505
1.478-1.479
1.481-1.492
1.568-1.574
M A N
0 0 7 9
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Dimethylformamide
Dolomite
Dover
Eddingtonite
Egyptian Blue
E.K.2
Emerald Green
(Paris green)
Epithelial Cells
(Dandruff)
Epoxy
Epsom Salt
(Epsomite)
Ethanol
Ethanediol
Ethanolamine
Ethyl Cinnamate
Ethylene Glycol
Eucalyptus Oil
Feldspar
(Albite)
(Andesine)
(Anorthite)
(Anorthoclase)
(Microcline)
(Oligoclase)
(Orthoclase)
Ferric Oxide
Ferric Sulphate
Ferroso - Ferric Oxide
Ferrous Carbonate
Ferrous Oxide
Ferrous Sulphate
(Copperas)
Formula
Refractive index
1.4305
1.5026-1.6817
1.4300
1.55
1.605 - 1.635
1.74338
1.71 - 1.78
CaCO .MgCO
3
CaO.CuO.4SiO
Cu(C H O ) .2Cu
(OH)
2
2 2
1.53
1.58
1.433 - 1.461
MgSO .7H O
4
CH CH 0H
HOCH CH OH
H NCH CH OH
3
1.36
1.43
1.453-1.459
1.558-1.560
1.4300
1.458-1.470
HOCH CH OH
2
NaAlSi O
AlSi O
CaAl Si O
(Na,K)AlSi O
KAlSi O
([Na,Si]0.9-0.7[CaAl]0.1-0.3)AlSi O
KAlSi O
Fe O
Fe (SO )
Fe O
FeCO
FeO
FeSO .7H O
3
1.527 - 1.538
1.544 - 1.563
1.577 - 1.590
1.523 - 1.529
1.514 - 1.539
1.533 - 1.552
1.518 - 1.539
3.01
1.814
2.42
1.875
2.32
1.471
4 3
R E F R A C T I V E
I N D E X
L I S T
Page 1.9
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Formula
Flint
(Impure Quartz)
(Telescope)
(Barium)
(Barium light )
(Borate)
(Special barium)
(Extra light)
Flint Glass
(Light)
(Dense)
(Extra dense)
(Double extra dense)
Flour Crown
Fluorite
(Fluorspar)
Fluorspar
(Avorite)
Fractionated Coconut Oil
Fractionated Palm Kernal Oil
Furhairs
Fused Quartz
Gallium Antimonide
Gallium Arsenide
Gallium Phosphide
Garnet
(Almandine)
(Andradite)
(Grossularite)
(Hydrogrossularite)
(Pyro pe)
(Spessartite)
(Uvarovite)
SiO
Page 1.10
Refractive index
CaF
1.553
1.53042
1.60483
1.56713
1.61326
1.74416
1.54769
1.53 - 1.96
1.57838
1.62258
1.65108
1.80120
1.49429
1.433 - 1.435
CaF
1.433 - 1.435
GaS6
GaAs
GaP
1.445-1.451
1.445-1.447
1.54 - 1.55
1.45887
3.8 (approximately)
3.33 (approximately)
3.39
1.779 (average)
1.830
1.887
1.734
1.675 - 1.734
1.714
1.80
1.86
M A N
0 0 7 9
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Glass
(Hardcrown)
(Borosilicate crown)
(Medium barium crown)
(Dense barium crown)
(Light flint)
(Dense flint)
(Extra dense flint)
(Double extra dense flint)
Glass (crown)
Glass (flint)
Glasses & Mineral Wools
Glopalene
D - Glucose Pentaamethylether
Glycerol
Glycine Soja
(Soybean Oil)
Gmelinite
Goethite
(Ochre, Yellow)
(Sienna, Raw)
Gold
Green Earth
Greenockite
Green Pigments
Grossularite
(Garnet)
D-gulcitol
(D-Sorbitol)
Gum
Gypsum
(Calcium Sulphate Dihydrate)
Hafnium
Hair (human)
Halite
(Rock Salt)
Formula
Refractive index
1.518
1.509
1.576
1.613
1.583
1.621
1.652
1.802
1.48 - 1.61
1.53 - 1.96
1.47 - 1.62
1.3200
1.4466
1.47
1.4729
C ,H O
1
22
1.481
Fe O .H O
2
2.0 - 2.4
1.87 - 2.17
0.13 - 0.366
1.62
2.506 - 2.529
1.811 (average)
1.734
Au
CaS
1.333
1.54
1.519 - 1.531
CaSO4 .2H O
2
Hf
3.64
1.54 - 1.56
1.544
NaCl
R E F R A C T I V E
I N D E X
L I S T
Page 1.11
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Hardcrown Glass
Harmotome
Hausmannite
(Manganese Oxide)
Helianthus
(Annus)
Hematite
(Iron III Oxide)
Heptane
Herring Oil
Heulandite
Hexane
Hydroglossularite
(Garnet)
Ibuprofen
Iceland Spar
(Calcite)
Insect Parts
Illite
(Clay Minerals)
Indian Yellow
Indium Antimonide
Indium Phosphide
Ink
Ink-orange
Intralipid
Iriduim
Iron
Iron Oxide
(Nat. Magnetite)
Iron Ii Oxide
(Nat. Wuestite)
Iron III Oxide
(Nat. Hematite)
Page 1.12
Formula
Refractive index
Mn O
1.518
1.5078
2.46 - 2.15
1.4694
Fe2 O
2.94 - 3.22
CH
1.39
1.4610
1.500
1.38
1.675 - 1.734
16
CH
6
14
CaCO
1.4364
1.658 - 1.486
K(1-1.5) Al SiAl(1-1.5) O 0(OH)
1.54 - 1.55
1.54 - 1.61
C H O Mg.5H O
InSb
InP
Ir
Fe
Fe O
1.67
4.3
3.42
1.5
1.36
1.46
2.53
2.86
2.42
FeO
2.32
19
18
Fe O
2
11
2.94 - 3.22
M A N
0 0 7 9
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Iron II Sulphate
(Heptahydrate, Nat. Melanterite)
(Pentahydrate, Nat. Siderotil)
(Tetrahydrate)
Iron III Sulphate
(Enneahydrate, Nat. Coquimbite)
Iron Sulphide
(Nat. Marcasite, Pyrite, Pyrrhotite)
Iso - Octane
Isopar G
Isopar M
Isoparaffin
Isopropyl Alcohol
Isopropyl Myristate
Jojoba
Kalinite
(Potassium Aluminium Sulphate)
Kaolinite
(China Clay)
Kieserite
(MagnesiumSulphate)
Lactose
Lanthunum Fluoride
Latex Rubber
Laumontite
Lead
Lead Carbonate
(Cerussite)
Lead Chloride
Lead Chromate
(Crocoite)
Lead Dioxide
Lead Fluoride
Formula
Refractive index
FeSO .7H O
FeSO .5H O
FeSO .4H O
Fe2 (SO )
Fe (SO ) .9H O
FeS
1.471 - 1.486
1.526 - 1.542
1.533 - 1.535
1.814
1.552 - 1.558
1.56
4 3
4 3
(CH ) C,CH ,CH(CH )
KAl(SO ) .12H O
1.3914
1.42
1.436
1.429
1.377-1.378
1.434-1.437
1.465
1.429 - 1.456
Al Si O (OH)
1.533 - 1.570
MgSO .H O
1.520 - 1.533
3 3
3 2
(CH ) CHOH
3 2
4 2
10
C H O . 1H O
Pb
PbCO
1.333 - 1.361
0.5% - 18%
1.60
1.51
1.5148
2.01
1.8036 - 2.0786
PbCl
PbCrO4
2.217
2.29 - 2.66
PbO
PbF
2.3
1.75
12
22
11
LaF
R E F R A C T I V E
I N D E X
L I S T
Page 1.13
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Lead Glass
(20% lead content)
Lead Molybdate
(Nat. Wulfenite)
Lead Oxide
(Litharge)
Lead Oxide
(mono)
Lead Oxide
(minim)
Lead (red)
(Lead Oxide Pigment)
Lead Sulphate
(Anglesite)
(Nat. Lanarkite)
Lead Sulphide
(Galena)
Lead (white)
(Basic Carbonate)
(Hydro-cerussite, Cerussite)
Lead (white)
(Basic Sulphate, Lanarkite)
Leather Dust
Lemon Oil
Lepidolite
(Mica)
Levyn
Limonene
(Opticlear)
Linseed Oil
Liquid Paraffin
(Light)
Lithium Carbonate
Lithium Fluoride
Lithium Mica
(Lepidolite)
Page 1.14
Formula
Refractive index
1.54
PbMoO4
2.283 - 2.403
PbO
2.665 - 2.535
PbO
2.51-2.71
Pb O
2.51-2.71
PbO
2.420
PbSO
PbSO PbO
PbS
1.82 - 1.894
1.93 - 2.02
3.921
4
4
2PbCO3 .Pb(OH)
PbCO
PbSO .PbO
1.94 - 2.09
1.804 - 2.078
1.930 - 2.02
K2(Li,Al) Si Al O 0(OH,F)
1.54
1.474-1.476
1.525 - 1.587
5-6
6-7
2-2
1.498
1.470
1.4782
1.4680
Li CO
LiF
K (Li,Al)
2
5-6
Si Al O (OH,F)
6-7
2-1
20
1.567
1.3915
1.525 - 1.587
M A N
0 0 7 9
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Lithium Mica
Lithium Oxide
Lithopone
(Zinc Sulphide Nat. Wurtzite)
(Zinc Sulphide Nat. Sphalerite)
Lodestone
(Magnetite)
Macrogol 300
(Polyethylene Glycol 300)
Magnesite
(Magnesium Carbonate)
Magnesium Carbonate
(Magnesite)
Magnesium Chloride
Magnesium Fluoride
(Sellaite)
Magnesium Hydroxide
Magnesium Oxide
(Periclase)
Magnesium Sulphate
Colourless, V
Magnesium Sulphate
Colourless, IV, V
Magnesium Sulphate
(Epsomite, Epsom Salt)
Magnetite
(Iron Oxide, Hematite)
Malachite
Manganese
Manganese Blue
Manganese Carbonate
Manganese Dioxide
Manganese Oxide
(Manganosite)
Formula
Refractive index
1.554 - 1.587
1.644
Li O
ZnS
2
2.356 - 2.378
2.368
2.420
Fe O
3
1.462-1.466
MgCO
1.700 - 1.563
MgCO
1.700 - 1.563
MgCI .6H O
MgF
1.59-1.675
1.378 - 1.390
Mg(OH)
MgO
1.58-1.559
1.7350
MgSO .H O
1.535
MgSO .7H O
1.455
MgSO
MgSO .7H O
Fe O
1.56
1.433 - 1.461
2.42
4
4
Cu (OH) (CO )
Mn
BaMnO4 + BaSO
MnCO
MnO
MnO
2
1.655 - 1.909
2.52
1.65
1.817
2.4
2.16
R E F R A C T I V E
I N D E X
L I S T
Page 1.15
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Formula
Refractive index
Manganese Oxide
(OUS)
Manganese Oxide
Manganese Sulphate
Manganese Violet
Marcasite
(Iron Di-sulphide)
Methanol
Methylmethycrylate
1 - Methyl Naphthalene
Methyl Salicylate
Mesolite
Mica
(Muscovite)
(Paragonite)
(Phlogopite)
(Biotite)
(Lepidolite)
Microcline
(Feldspar)
Miglyol
(Coconut Oil)
Milled Glass
Milk Fat
Milk Serum
Millerite
(Nickel Sulphide)
Minium
(Lead Sulphide)
Molybdate, Orange
Molybdenum
Monazite
(cerium (III) Orthophosphate)
Montmorillonite
(Clay Minerals)
MnO
2.16
Page 1.16
Mn O
MnSO .4H O
(NH4)2Mn (P O )
FeS
2.46
1.508
1.67 - 1.75
1.87
CH OH
1.33
1.48-1.50
1.62
1.535-1.538
1.506
7 2
CH C H
3
10
see individual compounds
1.552 - 1.616
1.564 - 1.609
1.530 - 1.637
1.565 - 1.696
1.525 - 1.587
1.514 - 1.539
KAlSI O
3
1.4493
1.55
1.46
1.34
1.81
NiS
Pb O
3
2.40 - 2.44
Pb(Mo,S,Cr,P)O
Mo
(CeLaTh)PO
2.55
3.71
1.774-1.851
(0.5Ca,Na)0.7(Al,Mh Fe) (Si, Al) 0 (OH)

4
20
1.48 - 1.64
M A N
0 0 7 9
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Mordenite
Muscovite
(Mica)
Mustard Oil
Natrolite
Neats Foot Oil
Nickel
Nickel Oxide
Nickel Oxide
(Bunsenite)
Nickel Sulphate
Nickel Sulphate, Hexahydrate
Niobium
Nutmeg Oil
Nylon
Ochre, Yellow
(Goethite)
Olea Europa Sativa
(Olive Oil)
Oligoclase
(triclinic)
Olive Oil
(Olea europa sativa)
Orange Oil
Orange Pigments
Orthoclase
(Feldspar)
Osmium
Palladium
Palm Oil
Palm-kernel Oil
Paragonite
(Mica)
Paraffin
Formula
Refractive index
KAl Si AlO (OH,F)
1.4798
1.552 - 1.616
Ni
NiO
NiO
1.475
1.483
1.464
1.98
2.182
2.18
10
1.48
1.511
1.80
1.472-1.488
1.53
2.0 - 2.4
NiSO4
NiSO4 . 6H 0
Nb
2
Fe O .H O
2
1.4679
([NaSi] 0.9 - 0.7 [CaAl] 0.1 -0.3) AlSi2 O
1.533 - 1.552
1.4679
1.472-1.476
2.593 (average)
1.518 - 1.539
KAlSi O
3
Os
3.88
1.80
1.4578
1.4569
1.564 - 1.609
NaAl2 Si AlO (OH)

3
10
1.43
R E F R A C T I V E
I N D E X
L I S T
Page 1.17
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Paraffin Wax
Paraldehyde
Peanut Oil
Peppermint Oil
Periclase
(Magnesium Oxide)
Perspex
Phlogopite
(Mica)
Phillipsite
Phosphorous
(yellow)
Phthalocyanine Blue
(Copper phthalocyanine)
Phthalocyanine Green
(Chloro-copper phthalocyanine)
Phytomenadine
(Vitamin K1)
Pigments
(Red)
(Blue)
Platinum
Poly (1,2 - Butadiene)
Poly (2 - Vinyltetrahydrofuran)
Poly (2 - Vinylthiophene)
Polycarbonate
Pollens & Spores
Polyester Resin
Polyethylene (Low Density)
Polyethylene (Med. Density)
Polyethylene (High Density)
Polymethylmethacrylate
Polypropylene
Polystyrene
Page 1.18
Formula
Refractive index
MgO
1.446
1.403-1.406
1.4691
1.460-1.467
1.7350
KMg AlSi O (OH,F)
1.495
1.530 - 1.637
1.498
2.144
10
1.38
1.40
1.526-1.528
Pt
2.522 (average)
1.63 (average)
4.50
1.50
1.55
1.6376
1.60
1.5
1.523 - 1.54
1.50-1.54
1.52-1.54
1.54
1.4760
1.49
1.59-1.6
M A N
0 0 7 9
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Polystryene Acrylonitrile
Polytetrafluoroethylene
(PTFE)
Polytrifluorochloroethylene
Polyvinyl Acetate
(PVA)
Polyurethane
Polyvinylchloride (rigid)
(PVC)
Polyvinylchloride (Non-rigid)
(PVC)
Poppy-seed Oil
Potash Alum
(Potassium Aluminium Sulphate)
Potassium Aluminium Sulphate
Nat. Kalinite (Potash Alum)
Potassium Bromide
Potassium Carbonate
(Pearl ash)
Potassium Chromate
Potassium Nitrate
Potassium Phosphate
Potassium Silico Fluoride
Potassium Iodide
Potassium Chloride
(Sylvite)
Propan-2-ol
(IPA)
Propylene Glycol
Prussian Blue
Pumice
(Volcanic Glass)
PVC
PVT
Formula
Refractive index
1.56 - 1.57
1.30 - 1.40
1.43
1.395
1.5 - 1.6
1.54
1.50 - 1.54
KAl(SO ) .12H O
1.4685
1.429 - 1.456
KAl(SO ) .12H O
1.429 - 1.456
KBr
K CO
1.55
1.531
4 2
4 2
K CrO
KNO
KH PO
K SiF
KI
KCl
1.726
1.504
1.50
1.399
1.677
1.49
(CH ) CHOH
1.39
3 2
CH CH(OH)CH OH
Fe[Fe(CN ]
[Na,K,Al]
3
1.431-1.433
1.56
1.500
6 3
1.53
1.5500
R E F R A C T I V E
I N D E X
L I S T
Page 1.19
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Formula
Refractive index
Pyrolusite
(Manganese Oxide)
Pyrope
(Garnet)
Pyrrhotite
(Iron Sulphide)
Quartz
(Chalcedony, Cristobalite,
Flintsilica, Silicon Dioxide,
Tridymite
Quinacridone Violet
Rapeseed Oil
Red Lead
Red Pigments
Resins - See epoxy
Resin
(Cyclic Ketone)
Rhodium
Rhodochrosite
(Manganese Carbonate)
Rice Bran
(Refined)
Rocksalt
(Halite, Sodium Chloride)
Rubber Gum
(Soft / Hard)
Ruby
(Corundum)
Ruthenium
Rutile
(Titanium Dioxide)
Safflower Oil
Sardine Oil
Sapphire
(Corundum)
MnO
2.4
Page 1.20
1.714
Fe(1-0.8) S
1.56
SiO2
1.544 - 1.553
C 0H O N
2
12
Pb O
3
2.02 (average)
1.4706
2.42
2.522 (average)
1.60
Rh
MnCO
2.14
1.816 - 1.597
1.469
NaCl
1.544
1.33 - 1.540
Al O
1.759 - 1.763
Ru
TiO2
4.8
2.605 - 2.901
Al O
1.462
1.4660
1.767 - 1.772
M A N
0 0 7 9
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Saw Dust & Wood Flour

Scolecite
Selenium
Selenium Glass
Sesame Oil
Sienna, Burnt
Sienna, Raw
(Goethite)
Silica
(Crisobalite)
(Quartz)
(tridymite)
Silicon
Silicon Carbide
Silicon Dioxide
(Nat. Cristobalite)
(Nat. Lechatelierite)
(Nat. Tridymite)
(Nat. Quartz)
Silicon Nitride
Silicon Oil
Silver
Silver Bromide
(Bromyrite)
Silver Chloride
(Cerargyrite)
Silver Cyanide
Silver Iodide
(Iodyrite)
Silver Nitrate
Soap
(Powdered)
Sodium Biborate
(Borax)
Formula
Refractive index
1.53
1.5156
2.8 (approx)
2.6 (approx)
1.4646
1.85
1.87 - 2.17
Se
Fe O
Fe O .H O
2
SiO
1.487
1.544
1.469
3.5 (approx)
2.61
Si
SiC
SiO
Ag
AgBr
1.484 - 1.487
1.4588
1.469 - 1.471
1.544 - 1.533
2.02
1.4030
0.54
2.235
AgCl
2.071
AgCN
AgI
1.685 - 1.940
2.21
Si3 N
AgNO
1.729 - 1.788
1.500
Na O.2B O .10H O
2
1.469
R E F R A C T I V E
I N D E X
L I S T
Page 1.21
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Formula
Refractive index
Sodium Carbonate
(White, Powder HYG)
Sodium Carbonate
(White, V)
Sodium Bicarbonate
Sodium Chloride
Sodium Chloride
(colourless, V)
Sodium (di) Silicate
Sodium Fluoride
(Villaumite)
Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate
(Sodium Bicarbonate)
Sodium Hydrogen Sulphite
Sodium Metaphosphate
Sodium Metasilicate
Sodium Metal
Sodium Nitrate
Sodium Nitrate
(Colourless,IIIa)
Sodium (ortho) Silicate
Sodium Silicofluoride
Sodium Sulphate
Sodium Sulphate
(Colourless, IV, V, EFF)
Sodium Sulphite
Sodium Sulphate
(Anhydrous)
D-sorbitol
(D-Gulcitol)
Soya Oil
Soybean Oil At 40C
(glycine soja)
Spearmint Oil
Na CO
1.500
Page 1.22
3.
Na CO 10H O
1.500
NaHCO
NaCl
NaCl
1.500
1.5442
1.520
3.
Na Si O
NaF
1.5-1.51
1.32
NaHCO
1.50
NaHSO
NaPO
Na SiO
Na
NaNO
NaNO
1.526
1.478
1.520
4.22
1.336 - 1.587
1.587
Na SiO
Na SiF
Na SO .10H O
Na SO .10H O
1.53
1.312
1.396
1.396
Na SO
Na SO
1.515-1.565
1.471-1.484
1.333
1.465-1.475
1.4729
1.484-1.491
M A N
0 0 7 9
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Spessartite
(Garnet)
Spores & Pollen
Sphalerite
(Zinc Sulphide )
Spinel
(Magnesium Aluminate)
SPS Clay
Stannic Oxide
Starch
(Amylum)
Stilbite
Strontium Carbonate
Strontium Oxide
Strontium Sulphate
Strontium Titanate
Strontium Yellow
Sulphur
Sucrose
(saccharose)
Sugars - See Sucrose
Sunflower-seed Oil
Sylvine
Sylvite
(Potassium Chloride)
Talc
Tantalum
Tartaric Acid
Tea Dust
Terpeneless Lemon Oil
Tetrachloromethane
Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
Thallium Bromide
Formula
Refractive index
1.80
1.5
2.368
ZnS
MgAl2O
1.723
SnO
(C H O )n
1.4600
1.997
1.53
SrCO
SrO
SrSO
SrTiO
SrCrO
S
C H O
1.4983
1.664
1.810
1.624
2.39
2.01
1.957
1.538
KCl
KCl
1.4694
1.49050
1.49
10
12
22
11
3MgO,4SiO2,H O
Ta
1.589
1.70
1.49
1.530
1.475-1.485
1.46
1.41
2.40 - 2.8
CCl
CH .(CH ) .CH O
TlBr
4
2 2
R E F R A C T I V E
I N D E X
L I S T
Page 1.23
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Formula
Refractive index
Thallium Bromide - Thallium

Chloride
Thallium Bromide - Thallium Iodide
Thallium Chloride
Theobroma Oil
(Cocoa Butter)
Thomasonite
Tin IV Chloride
Tin Iodide
Tin IV iodide
Tin IV Dioxide
(Nat. Cassiterite)
Titanium
Titanium Barium White
TlBr-TlCl
2.33
TlBr-TlI
TlCl3
2.57
2.33
1.456-1.458
1.5225
1.512
2.106
2.106
1.997 - 2.093
SnCl
SnI
SnI
SnO
Ti
TiO2 25%
BaSO 75%
TiO 25%
CaSO 75%
TiO2
2.15
1.7-2.5
Titanium Calcium White
1.8-2.0
Titanium Dioxide
(Anatase)
(Rutile)
Titanium Oxide
(Anatase) Brown or Black, II
Titanium Oxide
(Brookite) Brown, I, Black, IV
Titanium Oxide
(Rutile) Colourless (if pure),
Brown II
Titanium Dioxide + Calcium
Sulfate
Tobacco Dust
Toluene
Toners
Tri Aluminate
Tri Aluminate Hexahydrate
Tri Calcium Phosphate
Page 1.24
TiO
2.493 - 2.554
2.616 - 2.903
2.554
TiO
2.586
TiO
2.615
TiO +CaSO
2
1.98 - 2.605
C H CH
6
Ca AI O or 3CaOAI O
3CoOAI O GH O
Ca (Po )
3
4 2
1.53
1.49
1.42 - 2.42
1.710
1.603
1.627
M A N
0 0 7 9
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Triethanolamine
1,1,1- Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Tridymite
(Silicon Dioxide)
Tungstic Acid
tungsten acid
(ortho)
Turpeneless Orange Oil
Turpentine Oil
Ultramarine Blue
Ultramarine Violet
Umber, Burnt
Umber, Raw
Urea-formaldehyde
Uvarovite
(Garnet)
Van Dyke Brown
(Bitumous earth)
Vanadium
Vanadium Pentoxide
Vermilion
Violet Pigments
Viridian
(Chromium oxide,transparent)
Volasil 244
Volasil 245
Volasil 344
Volcanic Glass
Vinyl Chloride Acetate
Water
Waxes
(Average)
Formula
Refractive index
CH CCL
CHCL:CCL
SiO2
1.482-1.485
1.49
1.48
1.471 - 1.483
H WO
H WO
2.24
2.24
1.461-1.473
1.467 - 1.477
1.51 - 1.63
1.56
2.2 - 2.3
1.87 - 2.17
1.54 - 1.56
1.86
Na8-10 Al Si O S
6
24
2-4
Fe O + MnO
Fe O + MnO + H O
2
1.62 - 1.69
V
VO
HgS
2
2.35
1.52
2.8 - 3.14
1.739 (average)
1.82 - 2.12
Cr O .2H O
2
1.394
1.394
1.397
1.500
1.5-1.55
1.33
1.458
Na,K,Al silicate
HO
2
R E F R A C T I V E
I N D E X
L I S T
Page 1.25
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Whale Oil
White Lead
White Pigments
(Transparent)
White Pigments
(Opaque)
White Spirit
Whiting
(Chalk)
Witherite
(Barium Carbonate)
Wood Flour
Wool, Human Hair
Wurtzite
(Zinc Sulphide )
Xylene
(1,2 - Dimethyl benzene)
Yellow Pigments
Yttrium Molybdate
Yttrium Sulphate
Yttrium Sulphate
(Octahydrate)
Zea Mays
(Corn Oil)
Zeolite
Zinc Ammonium Solenate
Zinc Bromate
Zinc Carbonate
(Smithsonite)
Zinc Carbonate
(White, IIIa)
Zinc Cesium Sulfate 6H O
Zinc Chloride
2
Page 1.26
Formula
Refractive index
2PbCO .Pb(OH)
1.460
1.94 - 2.09
1.566 (average)
2.132 (average)
CaCO3
1.43 - 1.44
1.510 - 1.645
BaCO
1.529 - 1.677
ZnS
1.53
1.54 - 1.56
2.356 - 2.378
C H (CH )
1.43
Y (M0O ) . 4H O
Y2 (SO )
Y (S0 )38H O
2.187 (average)
2.03
1.55
1.543-1.576
3 2
4 3
4 3
1.4734
Sn(Se0 )(NH4) .Se 6H O
Zn(BrO ) .6H O
ZnCO
1.5026 (average)
1.52 - 1.53
1.5452
1.618 - 1.818
ZnCO
1.818
3 2
ZnCe (SO )
ZnCl
3
4 3
42
1.50 - 1.50
1.68 - 1.71
M A N
0 0 7 9
CHAPTER 1
Compound
Formula
Refractive index
Zincite
(Zinc Oxide)
Zinc (ortho) Phosphate
Zinc Oxide
(Nat. Zincite)
Zinc Oxide
White, AM, III
Zinc Selenide
Zinc Silicate
(Hemimorphite)
Zinc Sulfide
(Wurzite)
(Sphalerite)
(Cleartran)
Zinc White
Zinc Yellow
Zircon
(Zirocnium Orthosilicate)
Zirconium
Zirconium Oxide
(Nat. Baddeyelite)
Zirconium Oxide
White (pure), yellow-brown, V,
H7.5
Zirconium (ortho) Silicate
Zirconium Silicate
(Zircon)
Zirconium Sulfide
Zircosil
ZnO
2.01 - 2.02
Zn (PO ) .4H O
ZnO
1.572-1.665
2.008
ZnO
2.008
ZnSe
2ZnO.SiO2 .H O
2.631
1.64 - 1.636
4 2
ZnS
ZnO
4ZnO.4CrO .K O.3H O
ZrSiO
2.356 - 2.378
2.368
2.368
2.00, 2.02
1.84 - 1.9
1.92 - 2.02
ZrO
2.32
2.13 - 2.2
ZrO
2.19
ZrSiO
ZrSiO
1.92-2.02
1.92 - 1.96
ZrS
1.923 - 2.015
1.9700
R E F R A C T I V E
I N D E X
L I S T
Page 1.27
CHAPTER 1
Page 1.28
M A N
0 0 7 9
Sample dispersion guide
CHAPTER 2
Material
Dispersant
Albumen
Albuterol
Alkali Salts
Methanol
Iso-octane
cyclohexanol
n-butanal, n-butylamine,
linseed oil
Water (de-ionised optional)
Water
Alumina (Al2 O3)
Water
Water
Water
Aluminium
Water
Aluminium Trihydrate
Amylodipin Berylate
Ammonium Perchlorate
Water
Sunflower oil
Butyl Acetate
Ammonium Phosphate
Amoxycillin
Anthracite
Acetone
Dimethyldigol
Water
Antimony Oxide
(Sb2 O3)
Antimony Trioxide
Water
Arsenates
Arsenious Oxide
Water
Octyl Alcohol
Cyclohexanol
Liquid Paraffin
Water
Ash
Water
S A M P L E
Additives
Ultrasonics
1 minute in ultrasonic bath.

1 minutes in ultrasonic bath
xylene
None
Sodium
Hexametaphosphate
Nonidet P40
Tetra-Sodium
Pyrophosphate
Daxad 11
Nonidet P40
Sodium
Hexametaphosphate
Nonidet P40
Trinatrium Phosphate or
Perminal BX
Nonidet P40
Mix powder in neat
Nonidet P40 before diluting
Sodium Pyrophosphate
None
5 minutes in ultrasonic bath.
15 minutes in ultrasonic
bath.
2 minutes via probe plus
40% in ultrasonic bath
contiuously to tank.
5-10 minutes in ultrasonic
bath.
10 minutes in an ultrasonic
bath.

30 seconds - 2 minutes in
ultrasonic bath.
2% Fatty Acid
D I S P E R S I O N
G U I D E
Page 2.1
CHAPTER 2
Material
Dispersant
Atecortin
Azodicarbonanide
Barium Carbonate
Liquid Parafin
IPA
Water
Barium Hexaferrite
(Ba Fe12 O19)
Barium Strontium Carbonate
Barium Sulphate
Water
Water-Ethanol mixture
Water
Additives
Sodium
Hexametaphosphate

5 minutes in ultrsonic bath
Sodium
Hexametaphosphate or
Lissapol NX
(Alkylphenol/Ethylene
Oxide Condensate) non
Ionic.
Barium Titanate
Water-Methanol mixture
Water
Barytes
Water
Bentonite
Propan-2-ol
Water
Beryl
Water
Blast-furnace Slag
Water
Boron Nitride
Water
Make slurry in sodium Hex

solution
Sodium Silicate or Sodium
Hexametaphosphate
Sodium
Hexametaphosphate
Daxad 11
Bismalemide
Bismuth Oxide (Bi2 O3)
Boron
Bronze Powder
Water
Water
Water
Water
Nonidet P40
Nonidet P40
Daxad 11
Nonidet + 10ml Acetone
Water
Hexane
10% triton X-100 & acetone
Page 2.2
Ultrasonics
Nonidet P40
Sodium
Hexametaphosphate or
5 minutes ultrasound via

probe.

+ 80% continuously to tank.
15 minutes in bath
at 80% to tank followed by 1
minute at 100% to tank.
None
M A N
0 0 7 9
CHAPTER 2
Material
Dispersant
Additives
Brown Coal
Cyclohexanol + 10%
Methanol
phthalsaurediaethylester
Water
Ethylene Glycol
1:1, Ethyl Alcohol : Water
Water
Water
Cadmium Sulphide
Calcium Arsenate
Calcium Carbonate
Calcium Compounds
Propan-2-ol
Water
Calcium Phosphate
Calcium Oxide
Water
Propan-2-ol
Calcium Sulphate (Feldspar)
Ethylene Glycol
Water
Calomel
Carbon Black
(Graphite)
(Activated)
Propan-2-ol
Cyclohexanol
Water
Water
Water
Nonidet P40
Sodium
Hexametaphosphate
solution
Sodium
Hexametaphosphate
Carbamazepin
Carborundum
Water
Casein
Water
Nonidet P40
Sodium Citrate
High powered ultrasonic

probe.

100% continuous ultrasound
to tank.
Sodium
Hexametaphosphate
Tween 80
S A M P L E
50% in ultrasound
continuously to tank.
Sodium
Hexametaphosphate
Chloroform
Concentrated/ saturated
ammonium citrate solution
Cyclohexane
Ultrasonics
D I S P E R S I O N
Magnetically stir for 15-30

minutes or 2 minutes in
ultrasonic bath.
G U I D E
Page 2.3
CHAPTER 2
Material
Dispersant
Cellulose Diacetate
Cellulose Powder
Cement
Cerium Oxide
95% Acetone/Water
Benzene
Ethanol
De-ionised water
Additives
Trinatrium Phosphate
Nonidet P40
De-ionised water
Ceramic
Water
Ceramic Grog
Water
Cerussite
Water
Chalk
Water
Water
Acetone
Petroleum
Isopropanol
Water
Chalk (precipitated)
Charcoal
Chromium
Chromium Oxide
Aqueous Ammonia
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Sunflower Oil
Volasil 344
Water
Water
Clay
Water
Clay (Bentonite)
Coal
Propan-2-ol
Water
Chocolate
Ethanol
Cyclohexanol
Page 2.4
Ultrasonics
Sodium
Hexametaphosphate
Sodium
Hexametaphosphate
Sodium
Hexametaphosphate
Sodium Silicate
Potassium Citrate
If neccessary
2 - 5 minutes in ultrasonic
bath
Sodium Oxalate, Sodium

Linoleate or Sodium
Pyrophosphate
Nonidet P40
Daxad or Nonidet P40
Sodium
Hexametaphosphate
bath.
bath.
Calcium Chloride
Nonidet P40
M A N
0 0 7 9
CHAPTER 2
Material
Cobalt Metal
Cobalt Oxide
Coke
Copper
Copper Carbonate
Dolomite
Diamond
Digoxin
Diltiazem
Drilling Muds
Ferric Oxide
Feldspar
Fluoxetine HCl
Fly Ash
Fondant
Furosemide
Garnet
Gelatin
Gentamicin Sulphate
Glass Powder
Dispersant
Additives
1:1, Cyclohexanol : Methanol

Water
Nonidet P40
Water
Nonidet P40
Water
Perminal or Sodium
Linoleate
Isobutyl Alcohol
Isopropyl Alcohol
Calcium Chloride
1:1, Ethylene Glycol : Ethanol Calcium Chloride
Water
Nonidet P40
Water
Water
Alcohol
Sunflower Oil
Sunflower Oil
Saturated Salt solution + 10
- 15% Diethylene Glycol,
filtered
De-ionised water
Water
Sunflower oil
Propane-2-ol (IPA)
Acetone
Water
90% Methanol/Water
Sunflower Oil
Water
Ethanol
Chloroform
Water
S A M P L E
Nonidet P40
Ultrasonics
100% continuously to tank.

bath.
Ammonium citrate
Sodium
Hexametaphosphate

Dispex
Lissapol NX (Alkylphenol /
Ethylene Oxide
Condensate) non Ionic.
D I S P E R S I O N
G U I D E
Page 2.5
CHAPTER 2
Material
Dispersant
Glass Spheres
0.1% sodium
hexametaphosphate solution
Water
Water
Graphite
Gypsum (CaSO4 2H2O)
Haematite
Hydrated Lime
Hydrocortisone Acetate
Hymecromone
Ibuprofen
Ilmenite
Ink
Ion Exchange
Resin
Fe Si B
Iron Oxide (Fe2 O3)
Iron Oxide (red)

Kaolin
Kieselguhr
Lactose
Latex
(Pre-dispersed)
Lead
Page 2.6
Water
Ethanol
Isopropanol
Saturated Solution in Water
Water
Deionised water
Water
Benzyl Alcohol
Water
Additives
Ultrasonics
Nonidet P40
1% Sodium
Hexametaphosphate
If Necessary
Nonidet P40
Nonidet P40
Water
Daxad ll
Water
Tetrahydrofuran
Water
Water
Nonidet P40
Ammonium Citrate
Sodium Silicate or Sodium
Pyrophosphate
In ultrasonic bath + 80%

ultrasound continuously to
tank.
Water + few drops of

Ammonia
Water
Propan-2-ol or Ethanol
Dilute Ammonia solution
Water
Acetone
Water
Cyclohexanol
M A N
0 0 7 9
CHAPTER 2
Material
Lead Cyanamide
Lead Monoxide
Lead Oxide
Lead Pigments
Lead (Red)
Lignite
Limestone (Ca O)
Lithopone
Magnesite
Magnetite
Magnesium
(Mg)
Dispersant
Isoamylalcohol
Water
Xylene
Water
Water
Paint prepared in Linseed
Oil and dispersed in White
Spirit
(Aluminium
Stearate).
Cyclohexanol + 10%
Methanol
Isobutyl Alcohol
Diethyl Ester or Phthalic Acid
Propan-2-ol
Water
33% Aqueous Glycerol
Ethylene Glycol
Water / Ethanol / Methanol /
Nitrobenzene
Water
Magnesium Carbonate
Magnesium Hydroxide
Acetone
Acetone
Water
Manganese Carbonate
Manganese Dioxide
Water
Water
Marzipan
Metallic Oxides
Methyl Methacrylate
Mica
Hot Water
De-ionised water
Water
Water
Additives
Dispersal T
Dispex
S A M P L E
Ultrasonics
Nonidet P40
Sodium
Hexametaphosphate
Nonidet P40
D I S P E R S I O N

5 minutes using ultrasonic
probe.
bath
G U I D E
Page 2.7
CHAPTER 2
Material
Dispersant
Milk Powder
Volasil 344
Hot Water
Molybdenum
Molybdenum Oxide
Molochite
Moulding Sand
Nedocromil Sodium
Nickel
Nickel Powder
Nickel Zinc Ferrite
Organic Powders
Paint Pigment (Sicomin red)

Lead based
(Monolite Blue)
Paracetamol
Paracetamol
Metoclopramide Paramet
Suspension
Parafin Wax
Pentoxifyline
Phosphate Ores
Phosphor (Red)
Page 2.8
Water
Ethylene Glycol
Ethylene Glycol
Water
Water
Dimythyldigol
Rape Oil + Acetone
Aqueous Glycerol
Cyclohexanol + 10%
Acetone
Ammonium Citrate solution
Ammonium Citrate solution
Isobutyl Alcohol and Diethyl
Phthalate mixtures
Octyl Alcohol
Isoamyl Alcohol
Water
Water
Hexane
Water
Water
Liquid Parafin
Water
4% conc. in Methylated
Spirits
Additives
Ultrasonics
Nonidet P40
bath.
Sodium
Hexametaphosphate
Sodium Hydroxide

Nonidet P40
Nonidet 10%
Nonidet P40
Sodium
Hexametaphosphate
M A N
0 0 7 9
CHAPTER 2
Material
Dispersant
Additives
Phosphorous
Water
Phosphorous (red)
Pigments
Water
Water
Isopropanol
Water
Alcohol-Glycol
Water
Water
Water
Potassium Silicate
or
Potassium Silicate +
0.02% Daxad 23
Nonidet P40
Plaster
Platinum
Polyamide
Polyester AlSi
Polymethylmetha crylate
Polyvinyl Acetate - Emulsion
Polyvinyl Polypropyldine
(PVPP)
Polyvinyl Chloride
Pottasium Nitrate
Potassium Perchlorate
Prednisolone
Procaine Penicillin
Protenecid
PTA (Purified Terephthalic
Acid)
Pulp
Pumicite
PVC
(PTFE)
Polytetraflouroethylene
(PVPP)
Polyvinyl Polypropylidine
50% Glycerol and water
Potassium Citrate
Potassium Citrate
Nonidet P40
Nonidet P40
Daxad 11 : Nonidet
1:1 mixture
Ultrasonics
Water
Water
Water
Water
Ethanol
Ethanol
Water
Hexane
Water
Water
Nonidet P40
Ethanol
Water
Water
Water
Water
Sodium Silicate
Nonidet P40
Nonidet P40
Ethanol
Nonidet P40
Water
S A M P L E
D I S P E R S I O N
G U I D E
Page 2.9
CHAPTER 2
Material
Dispersant
Quartz
Red Lead
Salbutamol
Salbutamol Sulphate
Water
Ethanol
Sunflower oil
2,2,4-Trimethyl-pentane
Sand
Water
Butyl Phthalate + Alcohol
Water
Alcohol
Water
Water
Sewage
Shales
Silicates
Silicon Carbide
Silicon Dioxide
Silicon Metal
Powder
Silicon Pigments
Silicone Oil Emulsion
Silver solpadizzine
(Quartz) (SiO2)
Water
Water
Silica (Fumed)
Silica Gel
Silicon
Silicon Nitride
Sillimanite
Propan-2-ol
Water
Water
Water
1:1, Water : Ethyl Alcohol
Water
1:3 Triethanolamine : water
Isopropanol
Water
Cyclohexane
Silver Metal Powder

Slag (Cement)
Sodium Azide
Page 2.10
Additives
Sodium Silicate
Calcium Chloride
Daxad 11
Toluene
Water
IPA
Water
Ultrasonics

Stir magnetically for 5-10
minutes.

plus 100% ultrasound
continuously
to tank.
4 minutes via ultrasonic

probe plus 100%
continuously to tank.
2 drops 50% calgon
Nonidet P40
Nonidet P40
Nonidet P40
M A N
0 0 7 9
CHAPTER 2
Material
Dispersant
Sodium bicarbonate
(sodium hydrogen carbonate)
Sodium Carbonate
Sodium Laurate
Sodium Perborate
Soils & Clays
Saturated solution of IPA

(propan-2-ol)
Ethanol
Water
Water
Water
Butyl Phthalate + Alcohol
Methanol
Volasil 344
Water
Water
Solder
Sorbitol
Starch
Steel Powder
Sugar
Sulphides
Sulphur
Talc
Isobutyl Alcohol
Diethyl Ester of Phthalic Acid
Isoamyl Alcohol
Ethylene Glycol
Water
Water
Water
Tea
Ethanol
Water
Tea Whitener
Water
Teflon
Tin Oxide
Water
Water
Titanium
Titanium Diboride
Titanium Dioxide
Water
De-ionised water
Deionised water
S A M P L E
Additives
Ultrasonics

Nonidet P40
Sodium Oxalate
Lissapol NX
(Alkylphenol/Ethylene
Oxide Condensate) non
Ionic.
Nonidet P40
Nonidet P40
Sodium
Hexametaphosphate
Nonidet P40
Sodium
Hexametaphosphate
Nonidet P40
Daxad II
Daxad 11
D I S P E R S I O N
5 minutes in bath
100% continously to tank.
2 minutes in bath plus 50%
ultrasound continuously to
tank.
2 minutes ultrasound via
probe.
10 minutes via probe.
G U I D E
Page 2.11
CHAPTER 2
Material
Toner Jet-Milled
Tri-calcium Phosphate
Tungsten Carbide
Uranium Oxides
Dispersant
Additives
Ultrasonics
Water
Butanone (MEK)
Dispex

bath.
Daxad 11
Methanol
Water
Water
Aqueous Glycerol
Iso-butanol
Water
Verapranic HCl
Yttrium Oxide
(Yttria) Y2 03
Sunflower oil
Water
Yttrium Hydroxy Carbonate

Y(OH)CO3
Zeolite
Zinc
Propan-2-ol
(IPA)
Water
Ethanol
Butanol
Acetone
Water
Zinc
Hydroxystannate
Zinc Oxide
Ethylene Glycol
Water
Water
Water
Acetone
Sodium
Hexametaphosphate
Sodium
Hexametaphosphate

Nonidet P40
Sodium
Hexametaphosphate
Nonidet P40
Zircon
Water
Orotan Sn
Zirconium
Water
Nonidet P40
Page 2.12


bath.
bath.
M A N
0 0 7 9
CHAPTER 2
Material
Dispersant
Zirconium Oxide
Water
Zirconium Silicate
Additives
Water
Daxad 11
De-ionised Water
Orotan SN
Water
Sodium
Hexametaphosphate
S A M P L E
D I S P E R S I O N
Ultrasonics
1 -2 minutes in ultrasonic
bath.
bath.
bath.
G U I D E
Page 2.13
CHAPTER 2
Page 2.14
M A N
0 0 7 9
List of suppliers
CHAPTER 3
List of Suppliers
Additive
Supplier
Daxad
W.R. Grace Limited

Northdale House
North Circular Road
London
NW10 7UH
U.K.
Organic Chemicals Division

W.R. Grace & Company
55 Hayden Avenue
Lexington
MA02173
U.S.A.
Tel: 081 965 0611

Fax: 081 961 8620
Tel: 0101 617 861 6600

Fax: 0101 617 862 3869
Dispex
Allied Colloids
Low Moor
Bradford
Yorkshire
BO12 0JZ
U.K.
Tel: 01274 671 267
Fax: 51646
Nonidet
Merck Limited
Merck House
Poole
Dorset
BH15 1TD
U.K.
Fisons Scientific Equipment

Bishop Meadow Road
Loughborough
Leicestershire
LE11 0RG
U.K.
Tel: 01202 669700

Fax: 01202 665599
Tlx: 41186/418123 Tetra G
(Head Office & International Sales)
Tel: 01509 231166

Fax: 01509 231893
Tlx: 341110 Fisceq G
L I S T
O F
S U P P L I E R S
Page 3.1
CHAPTER 3
Tween 80
(polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan
mono-oleate)
Ammonium Citrate
Sodium Citrate
Sodium Hexametaphosphate
Tetra Sodium Pyrophosphate
Page 3.2
D i s p e r s i o n
&
R e f r a c t i v e
I n d e x
Merck Limited
Merck House
Poole
Dorset
BH15 1TD
U.K.

Bishop Meadow Road
Loughborough
Leicestershire
LE11 0RG
U.K.
Tel: 01202 669700

Fax: 01202 665599
Tlx: 41186/418123 Tetra G
Tel: 01509 231166

Fax: 01509 231893
G u i d e
Common Chemicals Available From

Most Chemical Suppliers, e.g.
Merck Limited
Merck House
Poole
Dorset
BH15 1TD
U.K.

Bishop Meadow Road
Loughborough
Leicestershire
LE11 0RG
U.K.
Tel: 01202 669700

Fax: 01202 665599
Tlx: 41186/418123 Tetra G
Tel: 01509 231166

Fax: 01509 231893
M A N
0 0 7 9

Sample Dispersion & RI Guide PDF

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Sample dispersion &

refractive index guide

Malvern Instruments Ltd. 1996, 1997.

Tel + [44] (0) 1684-892456

Refractive index list

(CH2 .CH2 .COOH)2

([NaSi] 0.7-0.5 [CaAl] 0.3-0.5) AlSi O

Dispersion & Refractive Index Guide

Dispersion & Refractive Index Guide

Dispersion & Refractive Index Guide

Dispersion & Refractive Index Guide

Dispersion & Refractive Index Guide

Dispersion & Refractive Index Guide

K(1-1.5) Al SiAl(1-1.5) O 0(OH)

(CH ) C,CH ,CH(CH )

Dispersion & Refractive Index Guide

Dispersion & Refractive Index Guide

see individual compounds

(0.5Ca,Na)0.7(Al,Mh Fe) (Si, Al) 0 (OH)

KAl Si AlO (OH,F)

NaAl2 Si AlO (OH)

Dispersion & Refractive Index Guide

KMg AlSi O (OH,F)

Dispersion & Refractive Index Guide

Saw Dust & Wood Flour

Dispersion & Refractive Index Guide

Dispersion & Refractive Index Guide

Thallium Bromide - Thallium

Titanium Calcium White

Dispersion & Refractive Index Guide

Dispersion & Refractive Index Guide

Sample dispersion guide

Alumina (Al2 O3)

1 minute in ultrasonic bath.

3 minutes in ultrasonic bath.

Dispersion & Refractive Index Guide

5 minutes in ultrasonic bath.

Make slurry in sodium Hex

10% triton X-100 & acetone

5 minutes ultrasound via

5 minutes in ultrasonic bath

Calcium Sulphate (Feldspar)

High powered ultrasonic

5 minutes in ultrasonic bath.

Magnetically stir for 15-30

Dispersion & Refractive Index Guide

Sodium Oxalate, Sodium

10 minutes in ultrasonic bath

1:1, Cyclohexanol : Methanol

100% continuously to tank.

5 minutes in ultrasonic bath

10 minutes in ultrasonic bath

2 minutes in ultrasonic bath.

Dispersion & Refractive Index Guide

Iron Oxide (red)

In ultrasonic bath + 80%

Water + few drops of

2 minutes in ultrasonic bath.

2 minutes in ultrasonic bath

Dispersion & Refractive Index Guide

Paint Pigment (Sicomin red)

10 minutes in ultrasonic bath

5 minutes in ultrasonic bath.