Geo04 - Terrain Analysis Thru Maps

Terrain Analysis through Maps
www.masocialma.blogspot.in
Need for Maps
Theodolite
Every Inch
on Earth
is
Measured
Maps are Prepared

based on these
Measurements
Classification of Maps
Function
Physical Cultural
(Natural
Features)
(Man made
Features)
Scale
Small
Scale
(Important
Information
of Larger
Areas)
Large
Scale
(Detailed
Information
of a Smaller
Area)
Different Maps
Different
Maps
Classification of Maps based on Function

Physical
Cultural
(Natural Features)
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Natural Vegetation
Soil Map
Climatic Map
Astronomical Map
Weather Map
Physiography Map
(Man made Features)
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Political Map
Agricultural Map
Industrial Map
Military Map
Land use Map
Historical Map
Classification of maps based on Scale
(Maps
(Maps showing only the
representing detailed
important information
information of a small area)
of larger areas)
Atlas Map
Wall Map
Village Map
Topographical Map
Activity 1
Divide the class in to certain groups and Discuss
the Uses of Topographic Maps
Topographic Maps
All Natural & Man made Features on

Earth
Contains the Surface Features
Undulations of the Terrain
Rivers, Water bodies, Forests
Agricultural & Barren Land
Villages, Towns
Transport, Communication
Consolidation
Uses of Topographic Maps
Physical & Cultural analysis of Terrain

Military Operation & Maps preparation
Economic Planning (Study of Natural &
Cultural Resources)
Urban Planning
Protection of Resources
For Digitalised Maps (GIS)
Understanding Land Usage, Physiography,
Landforms etc..
Map Reading
Scale
Requires a good knowledge of
Statement of Scale
Representative Fraction
Linear Scale
Direction
Sign & Symbols
Scale
They represented in maps in 3 different methods
1. Statement of scale
2. Representative fraction
3. Linear scale
Sign & Symbols
Direction
Reading Topographic Maps

Need good Knowledge about
Numbering Scheme
Locational Aspects
Conventional Signs & Symbols
Elevation & Slope of the Terrain
Method of Representation
Total Toposheets
2222 sheets (Whole World)
1800 sheets 00 to 600 N & S

420 sheets 600 to 880 N & S
2 sheets both the Poles

same Size & Shape
India & Neighboring Countries 105 Sheets
India 36 Sheets
55D
3
Million Sheets Degree Sheets Inch Sheets
40 Latitudinal & 10 Latitudinal &

10 Longitudinal
40 Longitudinal
Extent
Extent
Each Million
Index
sheet is
Numbers
from 1-105
divided into 16
(A to P)
Scale is
Scale is
1:250000
1:1000000
15 (15 Minutes)
Lati. & Longi.
Extent
Each Degree
sheet is
divided into 16
(1-16)
Scale is
1:5000
Activity 2
Answer the following Questions
1. The parts of states that are included in
toposheet number 45.
2. The index number of toposheet which cover the
state of Odisha.
3. The states that are included in toposheet
number 73.
state of Karnataka.
state of Kerala.
Answers
45 Rajasthan, M.P, Gujarat

Odisha 64, 65, 73, 74
73 Odisha, Jharkhand, W. Bengal
Karnataka 47, 48, 56, 57
Kerala 48, 49, 58
Conventional Signs & Symbols
. 240
200
BM215
Activity 3
Find out the Conventional colours used to
represent the following information
Black
Blue
Green
Yellow
White
Red
Brown
Grid Reference
Red lines in the Toposheet

Eastings North South Lines
Northings East West Lines
Eastings
15
16 17
18 19
20
15
16 17
18 19
20
o Direction North-South
o Value Increase
towards East
o Location Left to the
Geographic Feature
Northings
80
80
79
79
78
78
77
77
76
76
75
75
o Direction East-West
o Value Increase
towards North
o Location South of
the Geographic Feature
Reference Grid
Grid formed by Eastings & Northings

Each Grid (2 cm Width & Breadth)
covers an area with 1km Length &
Breadth on the Earths Surface
1:50000
East West Lines
How to find
out the
Location of
these
Features?
4 Figure Grid Reference

Eastings (Left) 52
Northings (South) 18
Location of Lake =
5218 (Fifty two Eighteen)
Eastings (Left) 15
Divide into 10 equal
parts 5
155
Northings (South) 76
Divide into 10 equal
parts 6
6 Figure
766
Grid Reference
Location of Lake =
155766
(Fifteen Five Seventy six Six)
Activity 4
Find out the Answers
Answers
Contour Lines
Imaginary Lines
drawn connecting
Places having Equal
Elevation from the
Sea Level
The Respective Altitude
marked with each Contour line are
called Contour Values
The difference between

the value of Two adjacent
Contour is Contour Interval
From Contour Lines

Altitude of the
Place
Nature of the
Slope
Shape of the
Landform
Shapes of the Landforms can be

done by 2 Methods
Method 1
Assessing the
Topography Directly
from the Contours
Method 2
Assessing the
Topography by
Tracing out Contours
Method 1
Method 2
Intervisibility
If any 2 Places are
mutually Visible, then we
can establish that these
places are Intervisible
Activity 5
Find out the Answers
Answers
Toposheet Interpretation 3 Stages

1. Marginal / Primary Information
2. Physical / Natural Features
3. Cultural / Man-made Features
Activity 6 (Group) Prepare a Short Note on Toposheet

Interpretation & Find out Answers
Short Note
Marginal / Primary Information

o General Information in Outside the
Margin of Map
o It Includes Toposheet Number,
Name of area, Latitudes &
Longitudes, Values of Northings &
Eastings, Scale of Map, Contour
Interval, Year of Survey and
Publication, Agency etc..
Answers
D
(a)Toposheet Number 5611
(b) Name of the Place Karnataka (Gulburga, Raichur)
(c) Latitudinal Location 160 15 N 160 20 N
(f) Northings 83 to 92
(i) Year of Survey 1959-60
Answers
(d)
(e)
(g)
(h)
(j)
(k)
Longitudinal Location 760 30 E 760 35 E

Easting 93 to 02
Scale of Map 1: 50000
Contour Interval 20 mtr.
Year of Publication 2005
Agency in charge Dr. Prithish Nag, Suvey of India
Short Note
Physical / Natural Features
Water bodies (Rivers, Streams, wells..),

Land forms
Location to be found based on
Direction or Grid Reference Method
Answers
Short Note
Cultural / Man made Features
Settlements, Roads, Boundaries,

Places of Worship, Agricultural Land,
Post Office, Police Station, Bridges..
Location to be found based on
Direction or Grid Reference Method
Answers
Additional Activity by
QGIS Software
Contour lines connect points of equal

Altitude in a map using contour lines.
We can find out the three-dimensional
shape of places easily with the help of
QGIS software in Ubuntu
Application Science Quantum GIS
Click on Layer Add Layer Add Vector
Layer
Click on
Browse and
select
contour.shp
file from
home Qgis
Project
contour and
click Open
(You can see Contour lines)
Click on Layer Properties

Click on Labels Label this layer with and
select
Elevation
and click
Ok
(You can see height)
Click on Raster Analysis DEM (Terrain
Models)
From Input file
click Select
contour.asc file
and click Open
In Output file give
a file name and
click OK and
close the boxes
You can
see the
threedimensi
onal
shape of
that
places
Additional Activities
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Michael Angelo M.A. MA (Phi., His.)

HSA (Social Science)
Master Trainer, IT@SCHOOL, EKM
mamichaelma@gmail.com
9746953695

Geo04 - Terrain Analysis Thru Maps

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Terrain Analysis through Maps

Need for Maps

Maps are Prepared

Classification of Maps based on Function

(Man made Features)

Classification of maps based on Scale

All Natural & Man made Features on

Uses of Topographic Maps

Physical & Cultural analysis of Terrain

Requires a good knowledge of

Sign & Symbols

Reading Topographic Maps

1800 sheets 00 to 600 N & S

2 sheets both the Poles

Million Sheets Degree Sheets Inch Sheets

40 Latitudinal & 10 Latitudinal &

45 Rajasthan, M.P, Gujarat

Conventional Signs & Symbols

Red lines in the Toposheet

Grid formed by Eastings & Northings

4 Figure Grid Reference

(Fifteen Five Seventy six Six)

The difference between

From Contour Lines

Shapes of the Landforms can be

Toposheet Interpretation 3 Stages

Activity 6 (Group) Prepare a Short Note on Toposheet

Marginal / Primary Information

Longitudinal Location 760 30 E 760 35 E

Physical / Natural Features

Water bodies (Rivers, Streams, wells..),

Cultural / Man made Features

Settlements, Roads, Boundaries,

Contour lines connect points of equal

Application Science Quantum GIS

Click on Layer Add Layer Add Vector

(You can see Contour lines)

Click on Layer Properties

(You can see height)

Click on Raster Analysis DEM (Terrain

Michael Angelo M.A. MA (Phi., His.)

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