HUMANDEVELOPMENT
A. Definition
Developmenta progressive series of changes that occur as a result of maturation
andexperience
B. TheDevelopmental Changes
Thegoal of developmental changes is to enable people to adapt to the environmentin which
they live; achieve through self realization or as it sometimes calledself actualization.
Because selfrealization plays an important role in mental health, people who make
goodpersonal and social adjustments must have opportunities to express theirinterests and
desires in ways that give them satisfaction but at the same time,conform to the accepted
standards. Lack of these opportunities will result infrustrations and generally negative
attitudes toward people and toward life ingeneral.
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Infancy: Birthto the end of second week
Plateauin development
Hazardous period
3.
Babyhood: End of second week to end of second year
Thebeginning of socialization
Appealingage
Beginningof creativity
Hazardousage
4.
Early Childhood: twoto six years
Characteristics:
Parents problem or troublesome age
Educators preschool age
5.
Late Childhood: Sixto ten or twelve years
Characteristics:
Overlappingperiod
Shortperiod
Animportant period
Atransitional period
Aperiod of change
Aproblem age
Adreaded age
Atime of unrealism
Athreshold of adulthood
8.
Early Adulthood:Eighteen to forty years
Reproductiveage
Problemage
Timeof commitment
Creativeage
9.
Middle Age:forty to 60 years
Adreaded period
Atime of transition
Atime of stress
Adangerous age
Anawkward age
Atime of evaluation
Atime of boredom
10. Old Age or Senescence:sixty years to death
A period of decline
3.
Itshow individuals what lies ahead and what they will be expected to do when
theyreach their next stage development.
DevelopmentalTask during the Life Span
1. Babyhoodand Early Childhood
1.1 Learningto take solid foods
1.2 Learningto walk and talk
1.3 Learningto control the elimination of body waste
1.4 Learningsex differences and sexual modest
1.5 Gettingready to read
1.6 Learningto distinguish right and wrong and beginning to develop a conscience
2. LateChildhood
2.1 Learningphysical skills necessary for ordinary games
2.2 Buildingwholesome attitude toward oneself as a growing organism
2.3 Learningto get along with age-mates
2.4 Beginningto develop appropriate masculine on feminine social roles
2.5 Developingfundamental skills in reading, writing and calculating
2.6 Developingconcepts necessary for everyday living
2.7 Developinga conscience , as sense of morality, and a scale of values
2.8 Developingattitudes toward social groups and institutions
2.9 Achievingpersonal independence
3. Adolescence
3.1 Achievingnew and more mature relations with age-mates or both sexes
3.2 Achievinga masculine of feminine social role
3.3 Acceptingones physique and using ones body effectively
3.4 Desiring,accepting, and achieving socially responsible behavior
3.5 Achievingemotional independence from parents and other adults
3.6 Preparingfor an economic career
3.7 Preparingfor marriage and family life
3.8 Acquiringa set of values and an ethical system as a guide to behavior-developing
anideology
4. EarlyAdulthood
4.1 gettingstarted in an occupation
4.2 Selectinga mate
4.3 Learningto live with a mai
4.4 Startinga family
4.5 Rearingchildren
4.6 Managinga home
4.7 Takingon civic responsibility
4.8 Findinga congenial social group
5. MiddleAge
5.1Achieving adult civic and social responsibility
5.2Assisting teenage children to become responsible and happy adult
5.3Developing adult leisure-time activities
5.4Relating oneself to ones spouse as a person
5.5Accepting and adjusting to physiological changes of middle age
5.6Reaching and maintaining satisfactory performance in ones occupation career
57Adjusting to aging parents
6. OldAge
6.1 Adjusting to decreasing physical strength and health
6.2 Adjusting to retirement and reduced income
6.3 Adjusting to death of spouse
6.4 Establishing an explicit affiliation with member ofones age group
6.5 Establishing satisfactory physical living arrangement
individual under stress and in order to relieve the tensions created, one hasto strive for
appropriate satisfactions.
Theseneeds are arranged according to its hierarchy, to wit:
1. Physiological needs: hunger, thirst, air, etc.
2. Safety needs: the need for freedom from threat and danger
3. The Sense of Belonging and Love Needs: the need for affiliation,belongings
and
acceptance
4. Esteem Needs: the need for achievements, strength, competence,reputation
and status or
prestige
5. The Need for Self- Actualization: the need for self fulfillment to
realizepotentialities to
become what one iscapable of becoming.
2. The Psychodynamics of Human Motivation
Psychodynamics , which literally meansmotivation to action, define human
behavior in
terms of the inner personality of theinner self. The concept
of subjective life and inner
forces within,called mental personality. It
claimedthat the mind has three levels by which its
psychic forces operate,
namely: the Id, Ego and Superego.
E. Causes and Conflicts in HumanBehavior
1. Physical Causes
Refers to natural causes, like typhoon, earthquake, fire, flood, storm, etc
2. Social Conflicts
Restrictions of rules in the home, school and community
3. Economic Conflict
Result from ones inability to acquire material things because of poverty, or other financial
obligation
F. TwoBasic Types of Human Behavior
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Type
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1. Inherited
Behavior
Concept
Behavioralresponse or reflex exhibited by
people due to their geneticendowment or
theprocess of natural selection.
Example
Breathing,ingesting food,
voiding waste,mating and
Defendingoneself.
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2. Learned
Involves cognitive adaptation thatenhances
Verbal Communication,
Behavior
the human beings ability to cope withchanges Logical problem
solvingtechniques,
In the environment andto manipulate the
job skills,etc.
Environment in ways toimprove the changes
For service
G. Other types of Behavior
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Types
1. Habitual
2. <img><img>Instinctive
3. <img>Symbolic
4. Complex
situation
Behavior
Motor,emotional, language
Unlearnedbehavior
Substitutebehavior
Twoor more habitual behavior occur in one
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2. Neuroticism
influence the
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3. Psychoticism
individualw/
Impulse aggressive
outappreciable conscience or
concern forothers
12. Regression a person reverts toa pattern of feeling, thinking or behavior which was
appropriate to an earlierstage of development.
13. Sublimation isthe process by which instinctual drives which consciously
unacceptable arediverted into personally and socially accepted channels. It is a positive
andconstructive mechanism for defending against own unacceptable impulses andneeds.
ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
A. Definitions
Abnormal Behavior is abehavior that fails to meet the characteristics of a normal person
such as:
freeexpression of personality; adequate security feeling; efficient contact withreality;
adaptability to group norms; emotional maturity; adequate selfknowledge; and Integrated
and consistent personality.
Criminal Psychology is a study that deals on criminal behavior.
B. Typesof Abnormal Behavior
1.
PERSONALITYDISORDER
It originates duringearly development process leading to maladaptive
behavior.
Classification of Personality Disorder
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<img>Classification
Characteristics
1. Passive-Aggressive
Passive dependent aggressivedue to
overindulgence.
2. Hysterical personality disorder
Easilyexcitable emotional instability, dramatically
attention getting, immature, with tendencyto sexualize
<img> contacts with opposite sex.
3. Compulsive Personality Disorder Excessive concern forconformity, rigid, maybe
intelligent
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but trait of characterexplains his undoing.
4. Paranoid Personality
Hypersensitive unwarrantedsuspicion, jealousy, envy,
feelings of excessive importance
2.
NEUROSES
Neurosesor psychoneuroses are behavioral disorder brought about by
emotional tensionresulting from frustration, conflicts, repression or insecurity.
Theycompromise with reality by developing imaginary ailments, phobias, obsessions,
compulsion, anxiety ordepression.
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1. Anxiety Reactions
SomeExamples of Phobias
Achluphobia or nyctophobia- fear of dark
Acrophobia- fear of high places
Aerophobia- fear of flying
Agoraphobia- fear of open spaces
Ailurophobia- fear of cats
Anglophobia- fear of pain
Amaxophobia- fear of vehicles and driving
Anthophobia- fear of flowers
Antrophobia- fear of people
Aquaphobia- fear of water
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3.2 Obsession- anidea or series of ideas which recur so frequently that it interferes
withnormal thinking.
3.3 Compulsion- anirresistible tendency to perform an act or ritual which the individual
feels
tocompelled to carry out even though it it recognized as irrational- he or she mustdo so in
order to reduce the tension.
Examples of Compulsion
1. Arithmomania- the impulse to count everything.
2. Dipsomania-the impulse to drink liquor
3. Homicidalmania- the impulse to kill
4. Kleptomania-the impulse to steal
5. Megalomania-the impulse for fame or power
6. Pyromania-the impulse to set things on fire
7. Suicidalmania- the impulse to take ones life
4. Traumatic Neuroses
Itis manifested in a situation where the individual fears for his or her
safety.
5. Operational Fatigue
Otherwise known as war neuroses, itis manifested in response to a battle
environment.
3.PSYCHOSES
Seriousmental illness where behavior is unpredictable. Psychotic persons have a
whollyunrealistic interpretation of the self and the life around them. Their ego haslost
control over the personality. Theyhave great mood swings- extreme depression to extreme
exaltation. They are quitand docile at one moment and hyperactive, even violent, the next.
They aresocially inept.
Classification of Psychoses
Organic/Somatogenic
Stemfrom a wide variety of causes, but damage or injury to the brain or other partsof
the central nervous system is always involved.
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