The Global
Competitiveness Report
20162017
Klaus Schwab, World Economic Forum
Insight Report
The Global
Competitiveness Report
20162017
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Contents
Partner Institutes
Preface xi
by Richard Samans
xiii
51
77
89
91
Index of Countries/Economies
93
Country/Economy Profiles
94
371
381
Partner Institutes
Belgium
Vlerick Business School
Wim Moesen, Professor
Carine Peeters, Professor
Leo Sleuwaegen, Professor, Competence Centre
Entrepreneurship, Governance and Strategy
Benin
Institut de Recherche Empirique en Economie Politique
(IREEP)
Richard Houessou, Research Associate
Romaric Samson, Research Assistant
Lonard Wantchekon, Director
Bhutan
Bhutan Chamber of Commerce & Industry (BCCI)
Tshering Lhaden, NTM Desk Officer
Phub Tshering, Secretary General
Kesang Wangdi, Deputy Secretary General
Bosnia and Herzegovina
MIT Center, School of Economics and Business in Sarajevo,
University of Sarajevo
Zlatko Lagumdzija, Professor
Zeljko Sain, Executive Director
Jasmina Selimovic, Assistant Director
Botswana
Botswana National Productivity Centre
Letsogile Batsetswe, Research Consultant and Statistician
Baeti Molake, Executive Director
Phumzile Thobokwe, Manager, Information and Research
Services Department
Brazil
Fundao Dom Cabral, Innovation Center
Carlos Arruda, Professor and Director FDC Innovation and
Entrepreneurship Center
Ana Burcharth, Associate Professor
Fernanda Bed, Research Assistant
Brunei Darussalam
Energy and Industry Department at the Prime Ministers Office
Awang Adi Shamsul bin Haji Sabli, Permanent Secretary of
Industry
University of Brunei Darussalam (UBD)
Datin Dayang Hajah Anita Binurul Zahrina binti Pehin Orang
Kaya Laila Wijaya Dato Seri Setia Haji Awang Abdul Aziz,
Vice-Chancelllor
Bulgaria
Center for Economic Development
Adriana Daganova, Expert, International Programmes and
Projects
Anelia Damianova, Senior Expert
Barbados
The Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies
Don. D. Marshall, Director
Partner Institutes
Burundi
Faculty of Economics and Management, Research Centre
for Economic and Social Development (CURDES), National
University of Burundi
Ferdinand Bararuzunza, Director of the Centre
Gilbert Niyongabo, Head of Department
Lonidas Ndayizeye, Dean of the Faculty
Cambodia
Nuppun Institute for Economic Research (NUPPUN)
Chakriya Heng, Administrative Assistant
Pisey Khin, Director
Chanthan Tha, Senior Research Assistant
Cameroon
Comit de Comptitivit (SELPI)
Lucien Sanzouango, Permanent Secretary
Guy Yakana, Expert Junior
Samuel Znoumsi, Expert Senior
Canada
The Conference Board of Canada
Michael R. Bloom, Vice President
Jessica Edge, Senior Research Associate
Natalie Verania, Marketing and Administrative Assistant
Cape Verde
Center for Applied Statistics and Econometrics Research
INOVE
Jlio Delgado, Director
Jernimo Freire, Project Manager
Jos Mendes, Chief Executive Officer
Chad
Groupe de Recherches Alternatives et de Monitoring du Projet
Ptrole-Tchad-Cameroun (GRAMP-TC)
Antoine Doudjidingao, Researcher
Gilbert Maoundonodji, Director
Celine Nnodji Mbaipeur, Programme Officer
Chile
School of Government, Universidad Adolfo Ibez
Ignacio Briones, Dean
Julio Guzman, Assistant Professor
Pamela Saavedra, Assistant
China
Institute of Economic System and Management
Chen Wei, Division Director and Professor
Li Xiaolin, Research Fellow
Li Zhenjing, Deputy Director and Professor
The China Center for Economic Statistics Research, Tianjin
University of Finance and Economics
Bojuan Zhao, Professor
Lu Dong, Professor
Jian Wang, Associate Professor
Hongye Xiao, Professor
Huazhang Zheng, Associate Professor
Colombia
National Planning Department
Simon Gaviria, Director National Planning Department
Adriana Quiones, Project Manager
Andres Felipe Trejos, Director of Enterprise Development
Colombian Private Council on Competitiveness
Rosario Crdoba, President
Rafael Puyana, Vice President
Congo, Republic Democratic of
Congo-Invest Consulting (CIC)
Teza Bila, Managing Director
Alphonse Mande, Project Coordinator
Daddy Nsiku, Project Coordinator
vi |
Cte dIvoire
Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Cte dIvoire
Marie-Gabrielle Boka Varlet, General Manager
Anzoumane Diabakate, Head of Communication
Jean-Rock Kouadio-Kirine, Head of Territories and sustainable
development
Croatia
National Competitiveness Council
Jadranka Gable, Advisor
Kresimir Jurlin, Research Fellow
Cyprus
European University of Cyprus Research Center
Bambos Papageorgiou, Head of Socioeconomic & Academic
Research
Bank of Cyprus Public Company Ltd
Maria Georgiadou, Consultant for Innovation &
Entrepreneurship
Charis Pouangare, Director of Corporate Banking and SME
Czech Republic
CMC Graduate School of Business
Tom Jana, Executive Director
Denmark
Danish Technological Institute
Hanne Shapiro, Innovation Director, Division for Business and
Society
Stig Yding Srensen, Center Director, Center for Business and
Policy Analysis
Ecuador
ESPAE Graduate School of Management, Escuela Superior
Politcnica del Litoral (ESPOL)
Virginia Lasio, Director
Rafael Coello, Project Assistant
Sara Wong, Professor
Egypt
The Egyptian Center for Economic Studies (ECES)
Abla Abdel Latif, Executive Director and Director of Research
Mohsen Adel, Consultant
Maye Ehab, Economist
Estonia
Estonian Institute of Economic Research (EKI)
Marje Josing, Director
Enterprise Estonia (EAS)
Hanno Tomberg, Chairman of the Board
Ethiopia
African Institute of Management, Development and
Governance
Tegegne Teka, Senior ExpertAdugna Girma, Operations
Manager
Finland
ETLAThe Research Institute of the Finnish Economy
Markku Kotilainen, Research Director
Petri Rouvinen, Research Director
Vesa Vihril, Managing Director
France
HEC Paris, HEC Paris Executive Education
Inge Kerkloh-Devif, Executive Director, Global Business
Development
Armelle Dufour, Project Director, Global Initiatives
Chlo Hayreaud, Project Manager, Global Business
Development
Gabon
Confdration Patronale Gabonaise
Madeleine E. Berre, President
Regis Loussou Kiki, General Secretary
Gina Eyama Ondo, Assistant General Secretary
Partner Institutes
Gambia, The
Gambia Economic and Social Development Research Institute
(GESDRI)
Makaireh A. Njie, Director
Ireland
Department of Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation,
Competitiveness Unit, Strategic Policy Division
Conor Hand, Economist, Senior Policy Analyst
Georgia
Business Initiative for Reforms in Georgia
Tamara Janashia, Executive Director
Giga Makharadze, Founding Member of the Board of Directors
Mamuka Tsereteli, Founding Member of the Board of Directors
Germany
WHUOtto Beisheim School of Management
Ralf Fendel, Professor, Chair of Monetary Economics
Michael Frenkel, Professor, Chair of Macroeconomics and
International Economics
Ghana
Association of Ghana Industries (AGI)
James Asare-Adjei, President
John Defor, Senior Policy Officer
Seth Twum-Akwaboah, Chief Executive Officer
Greece
SEV Hellenic Federation of Enterprises
Michael Mitsopoulos, Senior Advisor, Macroeconomic Analysis
and European Policy
Thanasis Printsipas, Associate Advisor, Macroeconomic
Analysis and European Policy
Guatemala
FUNDESA
Felipe Bosch G., President of the Board of Directors
Juan Carlos Zapata, Chief Executive Officer
Hong Kong SAR
Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce
Rocky Tung, Senior Economist
Hungary
KOPINT-TRKI Economic Research Ltd.
va Palcz, Chief Executive Officer
Peter Vakhal, Project Manager
Iceland
Innovation Center Iceland
Karl Fridriksson, Managing Director of Human Resources and
Marketing
Tinna Jhannsdttir, Marketing Manager
Snaebjorn Kristjansson, Operational R&D Manager
India
Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
Chandrajit Banerjee, Director General
Danish A. Hashim, Director, Economic Research
Marut Sen Gupta, Deputy Director General
Indonesia
Center for Industry, SME & Business Competition Studies,
University of Trisakti
Ida Busnetty, Vice Director
Tulus Tambunan, Director
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Iran Chamber of Commerce, Industries, Mines and
Agriculture, Department of Economic Affairs
Hamed Nikraftar, Project Manager
Farnaz Safdari, Research Associate
Homa Sharifi, Research Associate
Partner Institutes
Kyrgyz Republic
Economic Policy Institute
Lola Abduhametova, Program Coordinator
Marat Tazabekov, Chairman
Mauritius
Board of Investment, Mauritius
Manaesha Fowdar, Investment Executive, Competitiveness
Ken Poonoosamy, Managing Director
Lao PDR
Enterprise & Development Consultants Co., Ltd
Business Mauritius
Raj Makoond, Director
Latvia
Stockholm School of Economics in Riga
Arnis Sauka, Head of the Centre for Sustainable Development
Mexico
Center for Intellectual Capital and Competitiveness
Erika Ruiz Manzur, Executive Director
Ren Villarreal Arrambide, President and Chief Executive
Tania Guiot, Director
Lebanon
Bader Young Entrepreneurs Program
Fadi Bizri, Managing Director
Sandrine Hachem, Programs Manager
InfoPro, Research Department
Lesotho
Private Sector Foundation of Lesotho
Nthati Mapitsi, Researcher
Thabo Qhesi, Chief Executive Officer
Kutloano Sello, President, Researcher
Lithuania
Statistics Lithuania
Ona Grigiene, Deputy Head, Knowledge Economy and
Special Surveys Statistics Division
Vilija Lapeniene, Director General
Gediminas Samuolis, Head, Knowledge Economy and Special
Surveys Statistics Division
Luxembourg
Luxembourg Chamber of Commerce
Carlo Thelen, Chief Economist, Director General
Lynn Zoenen, Research Analyst
Ricarda Braun, Research Analyst
Macedonia, FYR
National Entrepreneurship and Competitiveness Council of the
Republic of Macedonia NECC of RM
Dejan Janevski, Project Coordinator
Viktorija Mitrikjeska, Administrative Officer
Madagascar
Centre of Economic Studies, University of Antananarivo
Ravelomanana Mamy Raoul, Director
Razato Rarijaona Simon, Executive Secretary
Malawi
Malawi Confederation of Chambers of Commerce and
Industry
Hope Chavula, Manager, Head, Public Private Dialogue
Chancellor L. Kaferapanjira, Chief Executive Officer
Malaysia
Malaysia Productivity Corporation (MPC)
Zainon Bakar, Director
Mohd Razali Hussain, Director General
Abdul Latif Abu Seman, Deputy Director General
Mali
Groupe de Recherche en Economie Applique et Thorique
(GREAT)
Massa Coulibaly, Executive Director
Malta
Competitive Malta
Matthew Castillo, Board Secretary
Margrith Ltschg-Emmenegger, President
Mauritania
Mauritania Bicom-Service Commercial
Oumou El Khairy Youssouf, Administrative Financial Director
Ousmane Samb, Technical and Marketing Director
Habib Sy, Analyst
viii |
Partner Institutes
Nigeria
Nigerian Economic Summit Group (NESG)
Olaoye Jaiyeola, Chief Executive Officer
Olajiire Onatade-Abati, Research Analyst
Wilson Erumebor, Research Analyst
Norway
BI Norwegian Business School
Marius Kristian Nordkvelde, Research Coordinator
Ole Jakob Ramsy, Researcher
Torger Reve, Professor
Oman
The International Research Foundation
Azzan Qassim Al-Busaidi, Director General of Planning and
Studies
Pakistan
Mishal Pakistan
Puruesh Chaudhary, Director Content
Amir Jahangir, Chief Executive Officer
Paraguay
Centro de Anlisis y Difusin de Economia Paraguaya
(CADEP)
Dionisio Borda, Research Member
Fernando Masi, Director
Mara Beln Servn, Research Member
Peru
Centro de Desarrollo Industrial (CDI), Sociedad Nacional de
Industrias
Nstor Asto, Associate Consultant
Maria Elena Baraybar, Project Assistant
Luis Tenorio, Executive Director
Philippines
Makati Business Club (MBC)
Peter Angelo V. Perfecto, Executive Director
Anthony Patrick D. Chua, Special Services Unit Director
Mary Elizabeth A. Bautista, Programs Officer
Management Association of the Philippines (MAP)
Perry L. Pe, President
Arnold P. Salvador, Executive Director
Poland
Department of Financial Stability, National Bank of Poland
Piotr Boguszewski, Advisor
Jacek Osinski, Director
Portugal
PROFORUM, Associao para o Desenvolvimento da
Engenharia
Ildio Antnio de Ayala Serdio, President of the Board of
Directors
Frum de Administradores de Empresas (FAE)
Paulo Bandeira, General Director
Luis Filipe Pereira, President of the Board of Directors
Antonio Ramalho, Member of the Board of Directors
Qatar
Qatari Businessmen Association (QBA)
Sarah Abdallah, Deputy General Manager
Issa Abdul Salam Abu Issa, Secretary-General
Social and Economic Survey Research Institute (SESRI)
Hanan Abdul Rahim, Associate Director
Darwish Al-Emadi, Director
Raymond Carasig, Contracts and Grants Administrator
Romania
Association for Women Entrepreneurship Development (ADAF)
Cornelia Rotaru, President
Russian Federation
Eurasia Competitiveness Institute (ECI)
Katerina Marandi, Programme Manager
Alexey Prazdnichnykh, Managing Director
Rwanda
Private Sector Federation (PSF)
Benjamin Gasamagera, Chairman
Fiona Uwera, Head of Research and Policy Analysis
Saudi Arabia
Alfaisal University
Mohammed Kafaji, Assistant Professor
National Competitiveness Center (NCC)
Saud bin Khalid Al-Faisal, President
Khaldon Zuhdi Mahasen, Managing Director
Senegal
Centre de Recherches Economiques Appliques (CREA),
University of Dakar
Ahmadou Aly Mbaye, Director
Ndiack Fall, Deputy Director
Youssou Camara, Administrative Staff
Serbia
Foundation for the Advancement of Economics (FREN)
Aleksandar Radivojevic, Project Coordinator
Svetozar Tanaskovic, Researcher
Jelena Zarkovic Rakic, Director
Singapore
Economic Development Board
Thien Kwee Eng, Assistant Managing Director, Planning
Cheng Wai San, Director, Research & Statistics Unit
Teo Xinyu, Executive, Research & Statistics Unit
Slovak Republic
Business Alliance of Slovakia (PAS)
Peter Kremsky, Executive Director
Slovenia
Institute for Economic Research
Peter Stanovnik, Professor
Sonja Uric, Senior Research Assistant
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Economics
Mateja Drnovek, Professor
Kaja Rangus, Teaching Assistant
South Africa
Business Leadership South Africa
Friede Dowie, General Manager
Thero Setiloane, Chief Executive Officer
Business Unity South Africa
Khanyisile Kweyama, Chief Executive Officer
Olivier Serrao, Director, Economic Policy
Spain
IESE Business School, International Center for
Competitiveness
Mara Luisa Blzquez, Research Associate
Antoni Subir, Professor
Sri Lanka
Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka (IPS)
Raveen Ekanayake, Research Officer
Kithmina Hewage, Research Assistant
Saman Kelegama, Executive Director
Sweden
International University of Entrepreneurship and Technology
Association (IUET)
Thomas Andersson, President
In partnership with Deloitte Sweden
Partner Institutes
Switzerland
University of St. Gallen, Executive School of Management,
Technology and Law (ES-HSG)
Rubn Rodriguez Startz, Head of Project
Tobias Trtsch, Communications Manager
United Kingdom
LSE Enterprise Ltd
Adam Austerfield, Project Director
Elitsa Garnizova, Project Manager and Researcher
Robyn Klingler-Vidra, Senior Researcher
Taiwan, China
National Development Council
Shien-Quey Kao, Deputy Minister
Chung-Chung Shieh, Researcher, Economic Research
Department
Minghuei Wu, Director, Economic Research Department
Uruguay
Universidad ORT Uruguay
Bruno Gili, Professor
Isidoro Hodara, Professor
Tajikistan
Center of Sociological Research Zerkalo
Qahramon Baqozoda, Director
Tanzania
Policy Research for Development, REPOA
Cornel Jahari, Assistant Researcher
Blandina Kilama, Senior Researcher
Donald Mmari, Executive Director
Thailand
Chulalongkorn Business School, Chulalongkorn University
Pasu Decharin, Dean
Siri-on Setamanit, Assistant Dean
Trinidad and Tobago
Arthur Lok Jack Graduate School of Business
Miguel Carillo, Executive Director and Professor of Strategy
Nirmala Maharaj, Director, Internationalisation and Institutional
Relations
Richard A Ramsawak, Deputy Director, Centre of Strategy and
Competitiveness
The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine
Rolph Balgobin, NGC Distinguished Fellow, Department of
Management Studies
Tunisia
Institut Arabe des Chefs dEntreprises
Ahmed Bouzguenda, President
Majdi Hassen, Executive Counsellor
Turkey
TUSIAD Sabanci University Competitiveness Forum
Izak Atiyas, Director
Ozan Baks, Project Consultant
Sezen Ugurlu, Project Specialist
Uganda
Kabano Research and Development Centre
Robert Apunyo, Program Manager
Delius Asiimwe, Executive Director
Anna Namboonze, Research Associate
Ukraine
CASE Ukraine, Center for Social and Economic Research
Dmytro Boyarchuk, Executive Director
Vladimir Dubrovskiy, Leading Economist
United Arab Emirates
Federal Competitiveness and Statistics Authority
H.E. Abdulla Nasser Lootah, Director General
Department of Economic DevelopmentAbu Dhabi,
Competitiveness Office of Abu Dhabi
H.E. khaleefa Salem Al Mansouri, Undersecretary
Department of Economic DevelopmentDubai,
Competitiveness Office
H.E. Khaled Ibrahim Al kassim, Director of Dubai
Competitiveness Office
Zayed University
Mouawiya Al Awad, Director of Institute of Social and
Economic Research
x |
Venezuela
CONAPRIThe Venezuelan Council for Investment Promotion
Litsay Guerrero, Economic Affairs and Investor Services
Manager
Eduardo Porcarelli, Executive Director
Vietnam
Ho Chi Minh Institute for Development Studies (HIDS)
Tran Anh Tuan, Acting Director
Du Phuoc Tan, Head of Urban Management Studies
Department
Trieu Thanh Son, Deputy Head ofResearchManagement and
Cooperation Department
Yemen
Yemeni Business Club (YBC)
Fathi Abdulwasa Hayel Saeed, Chairman
Mohammed Ismail Hamanah, Executive Director
Ghadeer Ahmed Almaqhafi, Project Coordinator
Zambia
Institute of Economic and Social Research (INESOR),
University of Zambia
Patricia Funjika, Research Fellow
Jolly Kamwanga, Senior Research Fellow and Project
Coordinator
Mubiana Macwangi, Director and Professor
Zimbabwe
Fulham Economics, Harare
A. M. Hawkins, Chairman
Bolivia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador,
Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama
INCAE Business School, Latin American Center for
Competitiveness and Sustainable Development (CLACDS)
Ronald Arce, Researcher
Arturo Condo, Rector
Lawrence Pratt, Director
Liberia and Sierra Leone
FJP Development and Management Consultants
Omodele R. N. Jones, Chief Executive Officer
Preface
RICHARD SAMANS
Head of the Centre for the Global Agenda and Member of the Managing Board, World Economic Forum
Score1
Prev.2
Trend3
Economy
Score1
Prev.2
Switzerland
5.81
47
Singapore
5.72
48
South Africa
4.47
49
Bahrain
4.47
39
United States
5.70
49
Latvia
4.45
44
Netherlands
5.57
50
Bulgaria
4.44
Germany
5.57
51
Mexico
Sweden
5.53
United Kingdom
5.49
52
10
53
Japan
5.48
Trend3
Economy
Score1
Prev.2
93
Lao PDR
3.93
83
94
3.93
89
95
Tunisia
3.92
92
54
96
Kenya
3.90
99
4.41
57
97
Bhutan
3.87
105
Rwanda
4.41
58
98
Nepal
3.87
100
Kazakhstan
4.41
42
99
Cte dIvoire
3.86
91
54
Costa Rica
4.41
52
100
Moldova
3.86
84
5.48
55
Turkey
4.39
51
101
Lebanon
3.84
101
10
Finland
5.44
56
Slovenia
4.39
59
102
Mongolia
3.84
104
11
Norway
5.44
11
57
Philippines
4.36
47
103
Nicaragua
3.81
108
12
Denmark
5.35
12
58
Brunei Darussalam
4.35
n/a
104
Argentina
3.81
106
13
New Zealand
5.31
16
59
Georgia
4.32
66
105
El Salvador
3.81
95
14
Taiwan, China
5.28
15
60
Vietnam
4.31
56
106
Bangladesh
3.80
107
15
Canada
5.27
13
61
Colombia
4.30
61
107
3.80
111
16
5.26
17
62
Romania
4.30
53
108
Gabon
3.79
103
109
17
Belgium
5.25
19
63
Jordan
4.29
64
109
Ethiopia
3.77
18
Qatar
5.23
14
64
Botswana
4.29
71
110
Cape Verde
3.76
112
19
Austria
5.22
23
65
Slovak Republic
4.28
67
111
Kyrgyz Republic
3.75
102
20
Luxembourg
5.20
20
66
Oman
4.28
62
112
Senegal
3.74
110
21
France
5.20
22
67
Peru
4.23
69
113
Uganda
3.69
115
22
Australia
5.19
21
68
Macedonia, FYR
4.23
60
114
Ghana
3.68
119
23
Ireland
5.18
24
69
Hungary
4.20
63
115
Egypt
3.67
116
24
Israel
5.18
27
70
Morocco
4.20
72
116
Tanzania
3.67
120
118
25
Malaysia
5.16
18
71
Sri Lanka
4.19
68
117
Paraguay
3.65
26
Korea, Rep.
5.03
26
72
Barbados
4.19
n/a
118
Zambia
3.60
96
27
Iceland
4.96
29
73
Uruguay
4.17
73
119
Cameroon
3.58
114
28
China
4.95
28
74
Croatia
4.15
77
120
Lesotho
3.57
113
29
Saudi Arabia
4.84
25
75
Jamaica
4.13
86
121
Bolivia
3.54
117
30
Estonia
4.78
30
76
4.12
74
122
Pakistan
3.49
126
31
Czech Republic
4.72
31
77
Tajikistan
4.12
80
123
Gambia, The
3.47
123
32
Spain
4.68
33
78
Guatemala
4.08
78
124
Benin
3.47
122
33
Chile
4.64
35
79
Armenia
4.07
82
125
Mali
3.46
127
34
Thailand
4.64
32
80
Albania
4.06
93
126
Zimbabwe
3.41
125
3.39
124
130
35
Lithuania
4.60
36
81
Brazil
4.06
75
127
Nigeria
36
Poland
4.56
41
82
Montenegro
4.05
70
128
Madagascar
3.33
37
Azerbaijan
4.55
40
83
Cyprus
4.04
65
129
3.29
n/a
38
Kuwait
4.53
34
84
Namibia
4.02
85
130
Venezuela
3.27
132
39
India
4.52
55
85
Ukraine
4.00
79
131
Liberia
3.21
129
40
Malta
4.52
48
86
Greece
4.00
81
132
Sierra Leone
3.16
137
41
Indonesia
4.52
37
87
Algeria
3.98
87
133
Mozambique
3.13
133
42
Panama
4.51
50
88
Honduras
3.98
88
134
Malawi
3.08
135
43
Russian Federation
4.51
45
89
Cambodia
3.98
90
135
Burundi
3.06
136
44
Italy
4.50
43
90
Serbia
3.97
94
136
Chad
2.95
139
45
Mauritius
4.49
46
91
Ecuador
3.96
76
137
Mauritania
2.94
138
46
Portugal
4.48
38
92
Dominican Republic
3.94
98
138
Yemen
2.74
n/a
Eurasia
Europe
Latin America
and the Caribbean
Middle East
and North Africa
North America
South Asia
Trend3
Sub-Saharan
Africa
Note: The Global Competitiveness Index captures the determinants of long-term growth. Recent developments (such as Brexit, commodity price changes, and market volatility) are reflected only
in-so-far as they have an impact on data measuring these determinants. The Index should be interpreted in this context.
1 Scale ranges from 1 to 7.
2 2015-2016 rank out of 140 economies.
3 Evolution in percentile rank since 2007.
Part 1
Measuring Competitiveness
CHAPTER 1.1
Competitiveness
Agendas to Reignite
Growth: Findings
from the Global
Competitiveness Index
XAVIER SALA-I-MARTN
Columbia University
SILJA BALLER
ROBERTO CROTTI
ATTILIO DI BATTISTA
MARGARETA DRZENIEK HANOUZ
THIERRY GEIGER
DANIEL GMEZ GAVIRIA
GALLE MARTI
The authors would like to thank Miso Lee for research support for this
Report.
Basic requirements
subindex
Pillar 1. Institutions
Pillar 1. Institutions
Pillar 2. Infrastructure
Pillar 2. Infrastructure
Pillar 3. Macroeconomic
Pillar 3. Macroeconomic
environment
environment
Pillar 4. Health and primary
Pillar 4. Health and primary
education
education
Efficiency enhancers
subindex
Pillar 5. Higher education
Pillar 5. Higher
education and
and training
training
Pillar 6. Goods market efficiency
Pillar 6. Goods market efficiency
Key for
Key for
Key for
factor-driven
efficiency-driven
innovation-driven
economies
economies
economies
The Public-Private Partnerships Promotion Unit identifies and evaluates public-private investment projects
that could have a large impact on national development,
benchmarking them against international PPP best
practices. A new PPP law is being written by a team of
experts, including the IPCNs technical support committee
and other members of the public and private sectors.
Colombia
The National System of Competitiveness (SNC) was
established in 2006 to coordinate the activities of Colombias
national government with the private sector, academia,
and civil society on issues related to productivity and
economic development. Regional Commissions for
Competitiveness (RCCs) were also created, to coordinate
policy implementation. Within this system, the Private
Competitiveness Council was launched by a group of large
Colombian firms and universities to be the voice of the private
sector. The Council now constitutes the systems think tank,
and uses tools such as The Global Competitiveness Report.2
The system is coordinated by a Presidential Adviser
for Competitiveness and Innovation and led by an Executive
Committee composed of three government officials (the
Minister of Trade and Industry, the Director of National
Planning, and the Director of Colciencias [the National
Administrative Department for Science, Technology and
Innovation]) and two representatives from the private sector
(President of the Private Competitiveness Council and
President of Confecamaras [the Business Association of
Chambers of Commerce]). The Executive Committee also
coordinates work with the RCCs and presents annual reports
to the National Competitiveness Assembly.
In an ongoing effort to improve capacity to make
progress on the competitiveness agenda, the system was
recently merged with the Science, Technology and Innovation
System; a project management model was implemented;
and governance was revamped to better coordinate with the
regions and improve empowerment and accountability by
introducing a requirement for the Executive Committee to
report to the full Council of Ministers.
The system has successfully improved coordination
among government agencies, producing a policy document
on productive development and implementing an 11-point
competitiveness agenda with concrete projects and
accountability.
Notes
1
This text draws on the article by Jaime Bueno Miranda How Can
Colombia Become More Competitive? available at https://www.
weforum.org/agenda/2016/06/how-colombia-has-become-morecompetitive/.
Switzerland
Singapore
United States
Netherlands
Germany
Sweden
United Kingdom
Japan
Hong Kong SAR
Finland
Norway
Denmark
New Zealand
Taiwan, China
Canada
United Arab Emirates
Belgium
Qatar
Austria
Luxembourg
France
Australia
Ireland
Israel
Malaysia
Korea, Rep.
Iceland
China
Saudi Arabia
Estonia
Czech Republic
Spain
Chile
Thailand
Lithuania
Poland
Azerbaijan
Kuwait
India
Malta
Indonesia
Panama
Russian Federation
Italy
Mauritius
Portugal
South Africa
Bahrain
Latvia
Bulgaria
Mexico
Rwanda
Kazakhstan
Costa Rica
Turkey
Slovenia
Philippines
Brunei Darussalam
Georgia
Vietnam
Colombia
Romania
Jordan
Botswana
Slovak Republic
Oman
Peru
Macedonia, FYR
Hungary
GCI 20152016
Rank
(out of 138)
Score
(17)
Rank
(out of 140)
Score
(17)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
5.81
5.72
5.70
5.57
5.57
5.53
5.49
5.48
5.48
5.44
5.44
5.35
5.31
5.28
5.27
5.26
5.25
5.23
5.22
5.20
5.20
5.19
5.18
5.18
5.16
5.03
4.96
4.95
4.84
4.78
4.72
4.68
4.64
4.64
4.60
4.56
4.55
4.53
4.52
4.52
4.52
4.51
4.51
4.50
4.49
4.48
4.47
4.47
4.45
4.44
4.41
4.41
4.41
4.41
4.39
4.39
4.36
4.35
4.32
4.31
4.30
4.30
4.29
4.29
4.28
4.28
4.23
4.23
4.20
1
2
3
5
4
9
10
6
7
8
11
12
16
15
13
17
19
14
23
20
22
21
24
27
18
26
29
28
25
30
31
33
35
32
36
41
40
34
55
48
37
50
45
43
46
38
49
39
44
54
57
58
42
52
51
59
47
n/a
66
56
61
53
64
71
67
62
69
60
63
5.76
5.68
5.61
5.50
5.53
5.43
5.43
5.47
5.46
5.45
5.41
5.33
5.25
5.28
5.31
5.24
5.20
5.30
5.12
5.20
5.13
5.15
5.11
4.98
5.23
4.99
4.83
4.89
5.07
4.74
4.69
4.59
4.58
4.64
4.55
4.49
4.50
4.59
4.31
4.39
4.52
4.38
4.44
4.46
4.43
4.52
4.39
4.52
4.45
4.32
4.29
4.29
4.48
4.33
4.37
4.28
4.39
n/a
4.22
4.30
4.28
4.32
4.23
4.19
4.22
4.25
4.21
4.28
4.25
GCI 20162017
Country/Economy
Morocco
Sri Lanka
Barbados
Uruguay
Croatia
Jamaica
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Tajikistan
Guatemala
Armenia
Albania
Brazil
Montenegro
Cyprus
Namibia
Ukraine
Greece
Algeria
Honduras
Cambodia
Serbia
Ecuador
Dominican Republic
Lao PDR
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Kenya
Bhutan
Nepal
Cte d'Ivoire
Moldova
Lebanon
Mongolia
Nicaragua
Argentina
El Salvador
Bangladesh
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Gabon
Ethiopia
Cape Verde
Kyrgyz Republic
Senegal
Uganda
Ghana
Egypt
Tanzania
Paraguay
Zambia
Cameroon
Lesotho
Bolivia
Pakistan
Gambia, The
Benin
Mali
Zimbabwe
Nigeria
Madagascar
Congo, Democratic Rep.
Venezuela
Liberia
Sierra Leone
Mozambique
Malawi
Burundi
Chad
Mauritania
Yemen
GCI 20152016
Rank
(out of 138)
Score
(17)
Rank
(out of 140)
Score
(17)
70
4.20
72
4.16
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
4.19
4.19
4.17
4.15
4.13
4.12
4.12
4.08
4.07
4.06
4.06
4.05
4.04
4.02
4.00
4.00
3.98
3.98
3.98
3.97
3.96
3.94
3.93
3.93
3.92
3.90
3.87
3.87
3.86
3.86
3.84
3.84
3.81
3.81
3.81
3.80
3.80
3.79
3.77
3.76
3.75
3.74
3.69
3.68
3.67
3.67
3.65
3.60
3.58
3.57
3.54
3.49
3.47
3.47
3.46
3.41
3.39
3.33
3.29
3.27
3.21
3.16
3.13
3.08
3.06
2.95
2.94
2.74
68
n/a
73
77
86
74
80
78
82
93
75
70
65
85
79
81
87
88
90
94
76
98
83
89
92
99
105
100
91
84
101
104
108
106
95
107
111
103
109
112
102
110
115
119
116
120
118
96
114
113
117
126
123
122
127
125
124
130
n/a
132
129
137
133
135
136
139
138
n/a
4.21
n/a
4.09
4.07
3.97
4.09
4.03
4.05
4.01
3.93
4.08
4.20
4.23
3.99
4.03
4.02
3.97
3.95
3.94
3.89
4.07
3.86
4.00
3.94
3.93
3.85
3.80
3.85
3.93
4.00
3.84
3.81
3.75
3.79
3.87
3.76
3.71
3.83
3.74
3.70
3.83
3.73
3.66
3.58
3.66
3.57
3.60
3.87
3.69
3.70
3.60
3.45
3.48
3.55
3.44
3.45
3.46
3.32
n/a
3.30
3.37
3.06
3.20
3.15
3.11
2.96
3.03
n/a
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
(Contd.)
Melitz 2003.
Figure 2: Pillar contribution to net commodity exporters' competitiveness change over time
Contribution to year-on-year GCI change, point change in score
0.10
0.08
0.06
Institutions
Infrastructure
0.04
Macroeconomic environment
0.02
0.00
0.02
Technological readiness
Market size
0.06
Business sophistication
Innovation
0.08
0.10
2008
2009
2009
2010
2010
2011
2011
2012
2012
2013
2013
2014
2014
2015
2015
2016
2016
2017
GCI edition*
Source: Authors calculations.
Note: Based on a constant sample of GCI coverage of net commodity exporters including Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bolivia, Brazil, Cameroon, Canada, Chad, Chile,
Colombia, Denmark, Guatemala, Iceland, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Mauritania, Mexico, Mongolia, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway,
Oman, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Qatar, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
* Each column corresponds to the change with respect to the previous GCI edition.
Figure 2: Central bank assets and GDP growth economies with higher and lower GCI performance
2A: GDP growth
2B: Central bank gross assets (% GDP)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
250
200
150
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
100
50
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Source: Authors calculations based on IMF, International Financial Statistics (for central bank asset data) and IMF 2016c (for GDP growth data).
Note: A subset of economies was considered for this exercise to match availability of central bank balance sheet information. Higher GCI performers include (in alphabetical order): Austria, Belgium,
China, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and the United States. Lower GCI performers include Brazil, Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Malta, Portugal, the Russian Federation, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Spain. Higher GCI economies are those with GCI 20072015 average score > 4.6; lower GCI economies are those
with GCI 20072015 average score < 4.6.
Figure 3: Correlation between GDP per capita and lagged GCI pillars over time
3A: Emerging economies
3B: Net commodity exporters
0.8
0.8
General physical and human capital and market efficiency
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.5
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
0.6
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
20072008
20162017
6
5
4
3
5
4
3
2
2
1
Low income
High income
Income level
Source: Authors' calculations.
Note: The indicator is an average of four indicators sourced from the Executive Opinion
Survey: Prevalence on non-tariff barriers, Burden of customs procedures, Prevalence of
foreign ownership, and Business impact of rules on FDI. Income group based on World
Bank July 2016 classification. Based on a constant sample of 116 economies.
North America
Europe
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
Eurasia
Europe
Faced with impending Brexit and geopolitical crises
spilling over into the region, Europe finds itself in critical
condition in many respects. Nevertheless, the region
which includes the EU28, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland,
the Balkans, and Turkeystill performs above the global
average in terms of competitiveness (4.72 average score
in Europe versus an average score of 4.11 among the
rest of the world; see Figure7). This is driven by the
performance of a group of regional champions, notably
Switzerland, which leads the global rankings for the
eighth consecutive year. The top 12 includes seven more
European countries: the Netherlands (4th), Germany
(5th), Sweden (6th), the United Kingdom (7th), Finland
(10th), Norway (11th), and Denmark (12th).
Although the top European countries are pushing
the frontier in almost all areas, there is wide dispersion
in regional performance on several pillars. The largest
gap is in the macroeconomic environment pillar, a
reflection of the fact that the region has been recovering
unevenly from the global financial crisis. Europes median
performance is weakest across the innovation indicators:
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
GCI edition
Source: Authors calculations.
Note: A constant sample of 116 economies is included in all GCR editions.
Figure 7: GCI score range for Europe across the 12 pillars, 20162017 edition
Score (17)
7
Norway
Hong Kong SAR
Finland
Finland
Switzerland
Singapore
Netherlands
Finland Singapore
Switzerland
New Zealand
Luxembourg
China
Germany
Switzerland Switzerland
Finland
Best global
Best Europe
Average Europe
Median Europe
Worst Europe
1
Institutions Infrastructure
Labor
Financial Technological
market
market
readiness
efficiency development
Market
Business Innovation
size sophistication
GCI pillar
Source: Authors' calculations.
Note: The name of the best global economy is mentioned at the top; where the best European country does not coincide with the best global, the best European country is mentioned separately.
Non-EU Emerging
Non-EU Advanced
EU28 South
EU28 Central/East
Switzerland
Finland
5
Estonia
Italy
Macedonia, FYR
3
2
1
20122013
20132014
20142015
20152016
20162017
GCI edition
Source: Authors calculations.
Note: The countries composing each group are:
EU28 North/West: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland,
Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom
EU28 South: Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Spain
EU28 Central/East: Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia,
Lithuania, Poland, Romania, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia
Non-EU Emerging: Albania, Macedonia (FYR), Montenegro, Serbia, Turkey
Non-EU Advanced: Iceland, Norway, Switzerland.
Bosnia and Herzegovina was not included in this graph as it was not covered in the Global
Competitiveness Index 20142015. The best country of each group is mentioned in the figure
and is colored according to its group.
Box 4: Competitive cities and global value chains: Connections between two powerful drivers of growth,
productivity, and jobs
In its white paper on Competitive Cities and their Connections
to Global Value Chains, the Global Agenda Council on
Competitiveness identified policy elements that can be put
in place at the city level to upgrade products and processes
and foster participation in international production networks.
Listed below are some of its main findings:
Inserting the productive sector into global value
chains (GVCs) can be central to a citys competitiveness. GVCs provide a vehicle for cities to take part in the
global economy through trade and investment; they can
contribute to making cities vibrant magnets for innovation,
productivity increases, and employment.
Participating in GVCs requires a sustained effort by
cities to re-invent and reposition themselves. This participation is not a matter of making just one major push to
insert the citys productive sector into GVCs. City leaders
need to scan the global and local economic horizon to
identify initiatives that can most enable their cities to catch
the momentum of economic forces.
Creating robust soft connectivity advantages to
build on hard connectivity is essential to improving
participation. Access to a qualified and educated labor
force, innovation and research and development policies
conducive to upgrading, digital infrastructure to deepen
connectivity, and trade facilitation and logistics policies to
Figure 9: Range for Europe across seven human capital indicators, 20162017 edition
Score (17)
7
Switzerland
Singapore
Switzerland
6
Finland
Singapore
Switzerland
Switzerland
Finland
Iceland
Best global
Best Europe
Average Europe
Median Europe
Worst Europe
1
Quality of math
Quality of the
and science education education system
Internet access
in schools
Local availability
of specialized
training services
Country capacity
to retain talent
Country capacity
Availability of
to attract talent scientists and engineers
GCI indicator
Source: Authors' calculations.
Note: The name of the best global performer is mentioned at the top; where the best European performer does not coincide with the best global, the best European country is mentioned separately.
CEP 2016.
Morgan 2016.
60
40
Eurasia
Eurasias competitiveness performance has been
stable overall, although most economies in the region
face challenges related to the fall in commodity prices
(Figure10), volatile exchange rates, recession in the
Russian Federation and Ukraine, and the slowdown
of the Chinese economy. These shocks have affected
competitiveness in two major ways: all Eurasian
economies except Georgia have seen the value of their
exports fall, reducing their total market size; and falling
tax and royalties revenues have increased government
deficits and public debt.
On average, the region went into recession in 2015
and its growth is expected to remain negative for 2016.
In many cases, currency devaluation and inflation
especially in economies dependent on commodity
exportshave also contributed to a volatile economic
environment. Financial sectors are under stress in at
least half of Eurasian economies, with banks becoming
less liquid and reducing firms access to finance
especially in Moldova (which has been affected by
banking scandals), the Russian Federation, Tajikistan,
and Ukraine.
Regional geopolitics continues to cause uncertainty,
instability, and declining perceptions of security, as
reflected in the institutions pillar of the GCI. Concerns
include the ArmenianAzerbaijani clashes in NagornoKarabakh; the still-unresolved situation in Ukraine; and
sanctions against the Russian Federations financial
sector, which contributed to the increased stress on this
sector regionally.
Nonetheless, the region has improved other factors
of competitiveness, including technological readiness,
education, and institutions. With mineral resources
accounting for over 65 percent of the regions exports,
microeconomic fundamentals are necessary to lay the
foundation for much-needed diversification of economic
activity.11 Eurasian economies still need to accelerate
progress to close the gaps with the most advanced
economies in innovation capacity and technological
readiness. Upgrading transport infrastructure remains
another priority.
Regional competitiveness differences remain wide,
with Azerbaijan (37th) and the Russian Federation (43rd)
again the top performers. Despite headwinds from
the drop in oil prices that impact their macroeconomic
environment, both economies improve their performance
20
0
20
40
7
6
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.3
20162017
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.2
3
2
1
Singapore
(2nd)
Japan
(8th)
Hong Kong
SAR
(9th)
New
Zealand
(13th)
Taiwan,
China
(14th)
Australia
(22nd)
Malaysia
(25th)
Korea, Rep.
(26th)
China
(28th)
Thailand
(34th)
Indonesia
(31st)
Philippines
(57th)
Vietnam
(60th)
Cambodia
(89th)
Mongolia
(102nd)
Figure 12: Changes in the drivers of competitiveness in South Asia, 20072016 edition
Pillar
0.04
0.41
3.56
Market size
0.04
0.27
4.66
0.03
0.52
5.29
Technological readiness
0.02
0.15
2.84
0.02
0.02
4.12
Innovation
0.02
0.15
3.28
Infrastructure
0.02
0.33
3.13
Business sophistication
0.02
0.13
3.79
0.00
0.25
3.64
0.00
0.41
3.87
Macroeconomic environment
0.01
0.27
4.58
Institutions
0.02
0.13
3.69
Figure 13: GCI score range across the 12 pillars in South Asia, 20162017 edition
Score (17)
7
India
Sri Lanka
6
Nepal
5
Bhutan
Sri Lanka
Bhutan
India
India
India
India
Bhutan
3
India
Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Nepal
Pakistan
Nepal
Nepal
2
Nepal
Bhutan
1
Institutions Infrastructure
Labor
Financial Technological
market
market
readiness
efficiency development
Market
Business Innovation
size sophistication
GCI pillar
Source: Authors' calculations.
Note: China is included for reference.
Pillar
Weighted
contribution to Change in
change in GCI pillar score
Pillar
weight
Pillar score
2016
0.09
0.62
15%
5.54
Infrastructure
0.09
0.59
15%
4.03
Macroeconomic environment
0.05
0.34
15%
4.55
Market size
0.02
0.27
6%
6.43
Institutions
0.00
0.03
15%
4.36
Innovation
0.00
0.15
3%
4.05
0.00
0.02
6%
4.10
0.00
0.00
6%
4.12
Technological readiness
0.01
0.18
6%
2.99
Business sophistication
0.01
0.43
3%
4.39
0.02
0.26
6%
4.39
0.03
0.52
6%
4.41
Institutions
Infrastructure
0.15
Macroeconomic environment
Health and primary education
0.10
0.05
0.00
Technological readiness
Market size
0.05
Business sophistication
0.10
Innovation
0.15
2008
2009
2009
2010
2010
2011
2011
2012
2012
2013
2013
2014
2014
2015
2015
2016
2016
2017
GCI edition*
Source: Authors' calculations.
* Each column corresponds to the change with respect to the previous GCI edition.
Figure 14: GCI score range across the 12 pillars in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), 20162017 edition
Score (17)
7
Norway
Hong Kong SAR
Finland
Panama
Finland
Switzerland
Switzerland
New Zealand
China
Barbados
5
Chile
Uruguay
Panama
Panama Barbados
Dominican
Republic
Panama
Costa Rica
3
Nicaragua
Paraguay Venezuela
Venezuela Venezuela
Best global
Best LAC
Average LAC
Median LAC
Worst LAC
Venezuela
Argentina
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Venezuela
Barbados
1
Institutions Infrastructure
Labor
Financial Technological
market
market
readiness
efficiency development
Market
Business Innovation
size sophistication
GCI pillar
Source: Authors' calculations.
Institutions
Innovation
Business
sophistication
7
6
Infrastructure
5
4
Macroeconomic
environment
Institutions
3
2
Market size
Financial market
development
OE
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Oil-exporting countries
Oil-importing countries
Un
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
United States
Canada
OECD average
North America
The United States ranks 3rd for the third consecutive
year, while Canada ranks 15th. However, the evolution of
how the two countries rank on various pillars sheds light
on the forces shaping competitiveness among advanced
economies at the forefront of the Fourth Industrial
Revolution.
Ca
Figure 17: GCI rank of oil importers and oil exporters in the Middle East and North Africa, 20162017 edition
Technological readiness
Market size
Business sophistication
Innovation
11
28
18
27
13
25
30
17
21
33
50
18
18
46
41
65
47
41
14
31
42
76
94
85
115
65
60
51
61
110
34
44
22
35
43
37
92
33
45
81
69
85
51
82
55
57
68
66
76
28
48
28
24
32
21
19
22
57
21
56
118
80
51
43
87
68
75
75
36
40
50
58
49
77
104
64
124
83
81
55
76
96
99
100
63
73
96
133
132
132
108
36
121
112
38
40
18
27
31
68
51
52
32
113
28
38
24
31
63
34
Morocco
70
Algeria
87
Institutions
Country/economy
Macroeconomic environment
34
Infrastructure
Oil-importing
economies
Oil-exporting
economies
PILLARS
16
Qatar
18
10
Saudi Arabia
29
24
Kuwait
38
59
Bahrain
48
25
Oman
66
Israel
Jordan
Tunisia
95
78
83
99
59
93
113
133
119
80
69
101
104
Lebanon
101
119
117
136
52
66
55
104
69
72
76
50
58
Egypt
115
87
96
134
89
112
112
135
111
99
25
85
122
Yemen
138
137
136
138
117
136
131
137
138
136
89
129
138
n120
n2140
n4160
n6180
n81100
n101120
n121138
Figure 18: GCI score range across the 12 pillars in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), 20162017 edition
Score (17)
7
Botswana Mauritius
6
Rwanda
5
Rwanda
South
Africa
Mauritius
Mauritius
Mauritius
Nigeria
South
Africa
South
Africa
South
Africa
Chad
Nigeria
Chad
Best SSA
Median SSA
Worst SSA
China
Mauritania
Mauritania
Malawi
Congo,
Dem Rep.
Mauritania
Mauritania
The Gambia
1
Institutions Infrastructure
Mauritania
Chad
Labor
Financial Technological
market
market
readiness
efficiency development
Market
Business Innovation
size sophistication
GCI pillar
Source: Authors calculations.
Note: China, the regions main trading partner, is included for reference.
1.5
Asia
Europe
Latin America and the Caribbean
Sub-Saharan Africa
1.0
0.5
0.0
1995
2005
2015
2025
2035
2045
2055
2065
2075
Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division
(2015). World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, custom data acquired via website.
Note: Working age population is defined as people aged between 25 and 64.
NOTES
1 World Bank national accounts data (accessible at http://
data.worldbank.org/) and OECD National Accounts data files
(accessible at http://www.oecd.org/std/na/).
2 Schwab 2016.
27 OECD 2016b.
28 OECD 2016b.
30 IMF 2015.
31 The Executive Opinion Survey 2016 results for Hong Kong SAR
were excluded. The results from the 2014 and 2015 editions of
the Survey were used instead for the computation of the GCI. For
more information, refer to Chapter 1.3 of this Report.
32 OECD 2016a.
33 European Commission 2016a.
34 For a discussion of Chinas new normal, see Box4 in Sala-iMartn et al. 2015.
35 For a discussion of vulnerabilities of Chinas financial sector, see
Box1.4 in The Global Risks Report (World Economic Forum
2016b).
36 The drop of 20 places in this pillar of the index is largely caused by
the dramatic increase reported by the World Health Organization
of tuberculosis incidence between 2013 and 2014.
37 IMF, Article IV 2016 Russian Federation Consultation.
38 OECD 2016c.
39 United Nations 2015.
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Bank of England. 2016. Inflation Report, August 2016. Available at
http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/Documents/
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Bueno Miranda, J. 2016. How Can Colombia Become More
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agenda/2016/06/how-colombia-has-become-more-competitive/.
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CEP (Centre for Economic Performance). 2016. Brexit 2016: Policy
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van het Kaar, R. 2014. Netherlands: New Act on Work and Security.
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netherlands-new-act-on-work-and-security.
World Economic Forum. 2015. Bridging the Skills and Innovation Gap
to Boost Productivity in Latin America. Insight Report prepared in
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. 2016a. The Global Information Technology Report 2016. Geneva:
World Economic Forum.
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World Economic Forum Global Agenda Council on Competitiveness.
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Chains, White Paper. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Available
at http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_2016_WhitePaper_GAC_
Competitive_Cities_.pdf.
Appendix A:
Methodology and Computation of the Global Competitiveness Index
20162017
STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
Stage 1:
Factor-driven
Transition from
stage 1 to stage 2
Stage 2:
Efficiency-driven
Transition from
stage 2 to stage 3
Stage 3:
Innovation-driven
<2,000
2,0002,999
3,0008,999
9,00017,000
60%
4060%
40%
2040%
20%
35%
3550%
50%
50%
50%
5%
510%
10%
1030%
30%
* For economies with a high dependency on mineral resources, GDP per capita is not the sole criterion for the determination of the stage of development. See text for details.
Transition from
stage 1 to stage 2
(17 economies)
Stage 2:
Efficiency-driven
(30 economies)
Transition from
stage 2 to stage 3
(19 economies)
Stage 3:
Innovation-driven
(37 economies)
Bangladesh
Benin
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Chad
Congo, Democratic Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Ethiopia
Gambia, The
Ghana
India
Kenya
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Moldova
Mozambique
Nepal
Nicaragua
Pakistan
Rwanda
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Uganda
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Algeria
Azerbaijan
Bhutan
Bolivia
Botswana
Brunei Darussalam
Gabon
Honduras
Kazakhstan
Kuwait
Mongolia
Nigeria
Philippines
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Venezuela
Vietnam
Albania
Armenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Brazil
Bulgaria
Cape Verde
China
Colombia
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Georgia
Guatemala
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic rep.
Jamaica
Jordan
Macedonia, FYR
Montenegro
Morocco
Namibia
Paraguay
Peru
Romania
Serbia
South Africa
Sri Lanka
Thailand
Tunisia
Argentina
Barbados
Chile
Costa Rica
Croatia
Hungary
Latvia
Lebanon
Lithuania
Malaysia
Mauritius
Mexico
Oman
Panama
Poland
Saudi Arabia
Slovak Republic
Turkey
Uruguay
Australia
Austria
Bahrain
Belgium
Canada
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hong Kong SAR
Iceland
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Korea, Rep.
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Portugal
Qatar
Singapore
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan, China
Trinidad and Tobago
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
>17,000
BASIC REQUIREMENTS..........................................2060%f
STRUCTURE AND COMPUTATION OF THE INDEX
The computation of the GCI is based on successive
aggregations of scores from the indicator level (i.e.,
the most disaggregated level) all the way up to the
overall GCI score. Unless noted otherwise, we use
an arithmetic mean to aggregate individual indicators
within a category.e For the higher aggregation levels,
we use the percentage shown next to each category.
This percentage represents the categorys weight within
its immediate parent category. Reported percentages
are rounded to the nearest integer, but exact figures
are used in the calculation of the GCI. For example,
the score a country achieves in the 11th pillar accounts
for 50 percent of this countrys score in the innovation
and sophistication factors subindex, irrespective of
the countrys stage of development. Similarly, the
score achieved on the subpillar transport infrastructure
accounts for 50 percent of the score of the infrastructure
pillar.
Unlike the case for the lower levels of aggregation,
the weight put on each of the three subindexes (basic
requirements, efficiency enhancers, and innovation and
sophistication factors) is not fixed. Instead, it depends
on each countrys stage of development, as discussed
in the chapter.f For instance, in the case of Burundia
country in the first stage of developmentthe score
in the basic requirements subindex accounts for 60
percent of its overall GCI score, while it represents just
20 percent of the overall GCI score of Sweden, a country
in the third stage of development. For countries in
transition between stages, the weighting applied to each
subindex is reported in the corresponding profile at the
end of this volume. For instance, in the case of Turkey,
currently in transition from stage 2 to stage 3, the weight
on each subindex is 38.9 percent, 50 percent, and 11.1
percent, respectively, as reported in the country profile
on page 346.
Indicators that are not derived from the Executive
Opinion Survey (the Survey) are identified by an
asterisk (*) in the following list. The Technical Notes
and Sources section at the end of the Report provides
detailed information about each of these indicators.
To make the aggregation possible, the indicators are
converted to a 1-to-7 scale in order to align them with
the Survey results. We apply a min-max transformation,
which preserves the order of, and the relative distance
between, country scores.g
Indicators that are followed by the designation
enter the GCI in two different pillars. In order to
avoid double counting, we assign a half-weight to each
instance.h
EFFICIENCY ENHANCERS.......................................3550%f
5th pillar: Higher education and training.....................17%
A. Quantity of education....................................................................33%
5.01 Secondary education enrollment rate*
5.02 Tertiary education enrollment rate*
B. Quality of education......................................................................33%
5.03 Quality of the educational system
5.04 Quality of math and science education
5.05 Quality of management schools
5.06 Internet access in schools
C. On-the-job training........................................................................33%
5.07 Local availability of specialized research and training
services
5.08 Extent of staff training
NOTES
j In order to capture the idea that both high inflation and deflation
are detrimental, inflation enters the model in a U-shaped manner
as follows: for values of inflation between 0.5 and 2.9 percent,
a country receives the highest possible score of 7. Outside this
range, scores decrease linearly as they move away from these
values.
k=1
categoryi
indicatork
K
g Formally, we have:
6 x
+ 1
6 x
+ 7
Appendix B:
Global Competitiveness Index 20162017 rankings
The following pages report the GCI 20162017 rankings for the three subindexes (Table 1) and their corresponding
pillars (Tables 24). Detailed scorecards for all the economies are available at the end of the Report. Enhanced
scorecards and sortable rankings for every component of the GCI are available at http://gcr.weforum.org/.
Switzerland
Singapore
United States
Netherlands
Germany
Sweden
United Kingdom
Japan
Hong Kong SAR
Finland
Norway
Denmark
New Zealand
Taiwan, China
Canada
United Arab Emirates
Belgium
Qatar
Austria
Luxembourg
France
Australia
Ireland
Israel
Malaysia
Korea, Rep.
Iceland
China
Saudi Arabia
Estonia
Czech Republic
Spain
Chile
Thailand
Lithuania
Poland
Azerbaijan
Kuwait
India
Malta
Indonesia
Panama
Russian Federation
Italy
Mauritius
Portugal
South Africa
Bahrain
Latvia
Bulgaria
Mexico
Rwanda
Kazakhstan
Costa Rica
Turkey
Slovenia
Philippines
Brunei Darussalam
Georgia
Vietnam
Colombia
Romania
Jordan
Botswana
Slovak Republic
Oman
Peru
Macedonia, FYR
Hungary
Basic requirements
Efficiency enhancers
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
5.81
5.72
5.70
5.57
5.57
5.53
5.49
5.48
5.48
5.44
5.44
5.35
5.31
5.28
5.27
5.26
5.25
5.23
5.22
5.20
5.20
5.19
5.18
5.18
5.16
5.03
4.96
4.95
4.84
4.78
4.72
4.68
4.64
4.64
4.60
4.56
4.55
4.53
4.52
4.52
4.52
4.51
4.51
4.50
4.49
4.48
4.47
4.47
4.45
4.44
4.41
4.41
4.41
4.41
4.39
4.39
4.36
4.35
4.32
4.31
4.30
4.30
4.29
4.29
4.28
4.28
4.23
4.23
4.20
2
1
27
4
10
7
23
22
3
12
6
13
8
14
17
11
24
5
18
9
25
15
21
28
26
19
16
30
32
20
31
33
37
44
35
45
49
36
63
29
52
34
59
47
39
43
84
40
41
60
71
53
62
57
56
38
65
50
46
73
85
72
70
55
54
42
77
66
69
6.29
6.37
5.43
6.12
5.94
6.06
5.61
5.62
6.23
5.88
6.06
5.85
5.98
5.81
5.72
5.90
5.56
6.09
5.72
5.95
5.54
5.81
5.63
5.37
5.49
5.71
5.79
5.34
5.21
5.68
5.27
5.15
5.08
4.95
5.14
4.91
4.86
5.10
4.62
5.36
4.78
5.15
4.68
4.86
5.05
4.97
4.37
5.04
5.02
4.67
4.56
4.74
4.62
4.70
4.70
5.07
4.61
4.81
4.90
4.49
4.35
4.55
4.56
4.71
4.74
4.99
4.43
4.61
4.57
3
2
1
9
7
12
5
10
4
14
11
17
8
16
6
15
18
21
22
23
19
13
20
25
24
26
32
30
33
28
27
29
31
37
36
34
59
70
46
41
49
51
38
43
62
39
35
40
42
44
45
81
50
52
53
54
58
87
69
65
48
55
66
84
47
63
57
73
56
5.62
5.73
5.85
5.38
5.40
5.31
5.55
5.37
5.58
5.26
5.34
5.19
5.38
5.20
5.42
5.22
5.18
5.00
5.00
4.99
5.14
5.27
5.10
4.95
4.96
4.88
4.75
4.79
4.74
4.80
4.85
4.80
4.77
4.56
4.59
4.64
4.23
4.08
4.41
4.49
4.38
4.36
4.56
4.43
4.19
4.52
4.62
4.52
4.44
4.43
4.41
3.93
4.37
4.34
4.32
4.31
4.24
3.88
4.08
4.15
4.38
4.28
4.13
3.89
4.38
4.17
4.26
4.04
4.27
1
12
2
6
3
5
9
4
23
7
13
10
26
17
25
21
14
18
11
16
15
27
19
8
20
22
24
29
36
33
35
34
56
47
43
55
49
79
30
41
32
44
66
28
48
38
31
42
58
71
50
54
76
45
65
37
53
78
113
84
63
100
39
90
57
69
108
64
97
5.80
5.25
5.63
5.52
5.61
5.54
5.30
5.57
4.80
5.47
5.21
5.27
4.73
5.05
4.74
4.91
5.16
5.04
5.26
5.07
5.07
4.65
5.01
5.41
4.94
4.81
4.75
4.22
4.10
4.15
4.13
4.15
3.73
3.85
4.01
3.74
3.83
3.49
4.22
4.02
4.16
3.93
3.62
4.39
3.85
4.08
4.18
4.01
3.71
3.57
3.83
3.76
3.51
3.93
3.63
4.08
3.76
3.49
3.22
3.47
3.65
3.35
4.05
3.42
3.71
3.60
3.30
3.64
3.36
(Contd.)
Morocco
Sri Lanka
Barbados
Uruguay
Croatia
Jamaica
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Tajikistan
Guatemala
Armenia
Albania
Brazil
Montenegro
Cyprus
Namibia
Ukraine
Greece
Algeria
Honduras
Cambodia
Serbia
Ecuador
Dominican Republic
Lao PDR
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Kenya
Bhutan
Nepal
Cte d'Ivoire
Moldova
Lebanon
Mongolia
Nicaragua
Argentina
El Salvador
Bangladesh
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Gabon
Ethiopia
Cape Verde
Kyrgyz Republic
Senegal
Uganda
Ghana
Egypt
Tanzania
Paraguay
Zambia
Cameroon
Lesotho
Bolivia
Pakistan
Gambia, The
Benin
Mali
Zimbabwe
Nigeria
Madagascar
Congo, Democratic Rep.
Venezuela
Liberia
Sierra Leone
Mozambique
Malawi
Burundi
Chad
Mauritania
Yemen
Basic requirements
Efficiency enhancers
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
70
4.20
51
4.80
88
3.87
86
3.46
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
4.19
4.19
4.17
4.15
4.13
4.12
4.12
4.08
4.07
4.06
4.06
4.05
4.04
4.02
4.00
4.00
3.98
3.98
3.98
3.97
3.96
3.94
3.93
3.93
3.92
3.90
3.87
3.87
3.86
3.86
3.84
3.84
3.81
3.81
3.81
3.80
3.80
3.79
3.77
3.76
3.75
3.74
3.69
3.68
3.67
3.67
3.65
3.60
3.58
3.57
3.54
3.49
3.47
3.47
3.46
3.41
3.39
3.33
3.29
3.27
3.21
3.16
3.13
3.08
3.06
2.95
2.94
2.74
64
58
48
68
76
61
78
93
83
74
103
86
67
75
102
80
88
92
96
87
81
95
99
82
79
115
90
98
104
101
125
107
97
110
100
105
94
91
106
89
108
112
116
121
117
114
111
118
119
109
113
126
124
122
123
120
136
127
128
134
132
129
133
137
130
135
131
138
4.62
4.70
4.86
4.60
4.43
4.64
4.41
4.27
4.37
4.46
4.00
4.34
4.61
4.43
4.03
4.40
4.33
4.28
4.21
4.33
4.37
4.22
4.16
4.37
4.41
3.81
4.31
4.19
3.97
4.06
3.56
3.94
4.21
3.89
4.15
3.97
4.23
4.30
3.96
4.32
3.93
3.86
3.79
3.59
3.79
3.82
3.87
3.67
3.64
3.91
3.83
3.47
3.57
3.59
3.58
3.63
3.06
3.37
3.32
3.14
3.20
3.30
3.15
3.03
3.28
3.08
3.22
2.74
83
64
60
68
78
89
99
77
80
86
61
79
71
94
74
67
110
98
97
90
95
92
104
76
103
75
108
118
96
102
72
93
126
82
101
107
106
122
117
121
112
111
109
91
100
119
105
115
114
133
120
113
123
125
124
132
85
128
127
116
129
134
131
130
137
135
138
136
3.91
4.16
4.23
4.09
3.98
3.86
3.68
4.00
3.96
3.88
4.20
3.96
4.06
3.79
4.04
4.09
3.55
3.69
3.69
3.85
3.74
3.83
3.63
4.03
3.65
4.03
3.58
3.45
3.73
3.66
4.05
3.83
3.28
3.92
3.67
3.60
3.60
3.33
3.47
3.40
3.54
3.54
3.56
3.84
3.67
3.45
3.62
3.51
3.52
3.06
3.42
3.53
3.31
3.29
3.29
3.10
3.88
3.26
3.27
3.51
3.19
2.95
3.11
3.17
2.72
2.76
2.55
2.74
46
51
80
92
61
101
60
59
81
106
72
98
68
77
73
70
119
82
118
120
102
99
93
83
104
40
94
127
75
131
52
115
135
87
117
116
122
128
74
105
123
62
95
67
111
96
126
88
103
112
132
85
89
107
109
129
110
114
125
133
91
130
124
121
134
137
138
136
3.90
3.80
3.48
3.41
3.69
3.35
3.71
3.71
3.48
3.31
3.55
3.35
3.61
3.51
3.53
3.58
3.12
3.47
3.15
3.10
3.34
3.35
3.39
3.47
3.32
4.03
3.38
2.94
3.53
2.85
3.79
3.18
2.77
3.46
3.16
3.16
3.04
2.94
3.53
3.31
3.03
3.67
3.37
3.61
3.23
3.36
2.96
3.44
3.34
3.22
2.84
3.47
3.42
3.30
3.27
2.89
3.26
3.21
3.01
2.83
3.42
2.87
3.02
3.05
2.81
2.60
2.38
2.67
Note: Ranks out of 138 economies and scores measured on a 1-to-7 scale.
1. Institutions
2. Infrastructure
3. Macroeconomic environment
Country/Economy
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Albania
Algeria
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belgium
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Congo, Democratic Rep.
Costa Rica
Cte d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Estonia
Ethiopia
Finland
France
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Guatemala
Honduras
Hong Kong SAR
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
74
88
110
83
15
18
49
40
105
58
24
122
90
113
94
55
103
50
60
130
96
119
17
89
135
37
30
85
128
57
104
68
67
31
13
95
81
117
100
20
106
12
25
91
124
46
10
121
80
93
92
3
69
16
63
52
61
21
28
47
76
22
70
62
115
19
36
108
99
4.46
4.33
3.89
4.37
5.81
5.72
4.86
5.04
3.97
4.70
5.56
3.59
4.31
3.83
4.23
4.71
4.00
4.81
4.67
3.28
4.21
3.64
5.72
4.32
3.08
5.08
5.34
4.35
3.32
4.70
3.97
4.60
4.61
5.27
5.85
4.22
4.37
3.79
4.15
5.68
3.96
5.88
5.54
4.30
3.57
4.90
5.94
3.59
4.40
4.27
4.28
6.23
4.57
5.79
4.62
4.78
4.64
5.63
5.37
4.86
4.43
5.62
4.56
4.62
3.81
5.71
5.10
3.93
4.16
76
99
130
66
19
20
48
25
125
44
21
95
33
133
126
37
120
47
97
134
104
101
18
71
136
35
45
112
117
60
77
89
62
54
15
123
113
87
132
23
75
1
29
85
52
43
22
72
81
110
109
9
114
17
42
56
90
12
31
103
73
16
34
49
86
63
59
105
68
3.83
3.50
3.04
3.99
5.32
5.23
4.23
5.04
3.15
4.35
5.21
3.54
4.67
2.89
3.14
4.50
3.24
4.25
3.53
2.89
3.46
3.49
5.37
3.97
2.68
4.51
4.30
3.33
3.29
4.09
3.82
3.63
4.02
4.16
5.49
3.19
3.32
3.65
2.99
5.11
3.85
6.13
4.90
3.72
4.18
4.35
5.16
3.95
3.77
3.34
3.34
5.73
3.31
5.43
4.36
4.10
3.63
5.59
4.78
3.47
3.87
5.45
4.61
4.23
3.65
4.02
4.10
3.38
3.98
91
100
85
82
17
14
55
32
114
30
23
128
92
102
105
90
72
78
70
134
106
131
15
94
137
44
42
84
138
67
87
46
50
43
21
101
71
96
69
33
115
26
7
107
93
65
8
111
37
81
99
1
62
19
68
60
59
29
28
25
77
5
56
63
98
10
52
113
108
3.47
3.28
3.66
3.77
5.65
5.77
4.30
5.01
2.77
5.13
5.46
2.22
3.44
3.20
3.19
3.49
3.98
3.88
4.01
1.92
3.17
2.15
5.70
3.39
1.75
4.66
4.71
3.67
1.72
4.05
3.62
4.58
4.39
4.68
5.56
3.22
3.99
3.36
4.03
4.98
2.77
5.34
6.12
3.09
3.42
4.14
6.06
2.88
4.83
3.82
3.28
6.69
4.24
5.59
4.03
4.24
4.24
5.24
5.30
5.40
3.90
6.29
4.28
4.19
3.35
5.96
4.36
2.85
3.08
93
63
130
88
23
31
39
113
65
129
62
111
117
110
76
10
126
61
42
124
50
95
41
107
105
32
8
53
64
82
66
84
115
19
18
26
83
134
97
12
78
46
67
25
133
40
15
132
131
57
55
9
47
29
75
30
72
43
48
98
112
104
118
69
122
3
6
90
87
4.28
4.83
2.95
4.31
5.69
5.45
5.24
3.88
4.79
3.17
4.84
3.95
3.78
3.96
4.55
6.18
3.49
4.87
5.21
3.55
5.02
4.25
5.22
4.02
4.07
5.44
6.19
4.95
4.80
4.44
4.73
4.41
3.82
5.89
5.93
5.54
4.42
2.68
4.22
6.13
4.52
5.14
4.73
5.55
2.83
5.24
6.03
2.90
2.90
4.93
4.95
6.18
5.12
5.53
4.55
5.51
4.61
5.20
5.10
4.19
3.88
4.10
3.75
4.65
3.57
6.58
6.31
4.30
4.32
33
73
63
93
10
20
75
34
105
45
3
116
97
101
50
113
99
31
57
110
103
112
9
58
131
71
41
90
135
35
132
66
36
25
21
108
68
89
96
12
111
1
19
109
129
64
14
115
46
107
83
26
78
7
85
100
49
13
28
23
47
5
80
94
114
29
76
104
102
6.25
5.71
5.91
5.41
6.56
6.42
5.65
6.24
5.16
6.13
6.74
4.63
5.34
5.26
6.03
4.66
5.30
6.26
5.94
4.75
5.20
4.68
6.58
5.92
3.83
5.71
6.17
5.44
3.48
6.21
3.71
5.78
6.20
6.35
6.40
4.93
5.77
5.45
5.37
6.51
4.72
6.89
6.43
4.85
3.85
5.86
6.50
4.64
6.10
4.98
5.56
6.31
5.62
6.59
5.54
5.28
6.06
6.50
6.29
6.39
6.07
6.64
5.59
5.41
4.66
6.28
5.63
5.19
5.25
(Contd.)
1. Institutions
2. Infrastructure
3. Macroeconomic environment
Country/Economy
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Mali
Malta
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Moldova
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan, China
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Venezuela
Vietnam
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
41
125
109
132
35
9
66
127
137
26
123
29
131
39
71
101
107
86
51
133
75
98
4
8
97
136
6
42
126
34
111
77
65
45
43
5
72
59
53
32
112
87
129
1
54
38
84
33
64
7
2
14
78
114
44
82
79
56
116
102
11
23
27
48
134
73
138
118
120
5.02
3.56
3.91
3.20
5.14
5.95
4.61
3.37
3.03
5.49
3.58
5.36
3.22
5.05
4.56
4.06
3.94
4.34
4.80
3.15
4.43
4.19
6.12
5.98
4.21
3.06
6.06
4.99
3.47
5.15
3.87
4.43
4.61
4.91
4.97
6.09
4.55
4.68
4.74
5.21
3.86
4.33
3.30
6.37
4.74
5.07
4.37
5.15
4.62
6.06
6.29
5.81
4.41
3.82
4.95
4.37
4.41
4.70
3.79
4.03
5.90
5.61
5.43
4.86
3.14
4.49
2.74
3.67
3.63
64
119
53
79
51
8
67
127
94
26
98
38
135
36
116
128
96
80
50
124
39
100
11
3
122
118
5
28
111
70
131
106
91
65
46
10
92
88
13
24
69
115
121
2
102
58
40
55
57
4
6
30
41
83
84
107
78
74
93
129
7
14
27
32
138
82
137
61
108
4.00
3.28
4.18
3.81
4.21
5.76
3.98
3.10
3.54
4.97
3.50
4.49
2.81
4.51
3.30
3.09
3.53
3.79
4.21
3.15
4.47
3.50
5.70
6.01
3.19
3.28
5.89
4.95
3.34
3.97
3.00
3.37
3.62
3.99
4.30
5.70
3.59
3.63
5.56
5.10
3.97
3.31
3.24
6.10
3.48
4.10
4.46
4.14
4.10
5.94
5.89
4.82
4.41
3.76
3.73
3.36
3.81
3.85
3.55
3.05
5.82
5.55
4.96
4.72
2.16
3.76
2.60
4.02
3.35
51
117
119
120
45
16
80
133
135
24
112
40
129
41
57
86
110
76
58
124
66
130
3
27
104
132
34
38
116
36
122
89
95
53
22
18
88
35
97
31
109
74
127
2
61
39
64
12
73
20
6
13
103
118
49
54
83
48
126
75
4
9
11
47
121
79
136
125
123
4.38
2.71
2.62
2.61
4.65
5.66
3.84
1.97
1.88
5.42
2.86
4.75
2.19
4.74
4.26
3.64
2.93
3.93
4.25
2.47
4.10
2.16
6.37
5.33
3.19
2.10
4.93
4.82
2.75
4.85
2.57
3.57
3.37
4.34
5.48
5.64
3.61
4.87
3.35
5.07
3.01
3.94
2.33
6.50
4.24
4.79
4.18
5.85
3.95
5.58
6.24
5.80
3.20
2.67
4.39
4.33
3.74
4.42
2.43
3.93
6.31
6.04
5.94
4.52
2.57
3.88
1.79
2.44
2.50
24
136
36
127
34
7
44
102
137
35
52
21
106
59
51
100
121
119
49
125
74
27
22
17
56
108
1
81
116
16
60
33
20
45
120
2
28
91
80
68
92
103
123
11
37
58
79
86
96
5
4
14
89
70
13
114
99
54
73
128
38
85
71
94
135
77
138
109
101
5.56
2.27
5.33
3.29
5.44
6.22
5.20
4.12
2.11
5.43
4.96
5.76
4.02
4.89
4.98
4.14
3.60
3.73
5.08
3.49
4.59
5.54
5.74
5.99
4.95
4.01
6.84
4.46
3.79
5.99
4.87
5.44
5.88
5.14
3.69
6.72
5.53
4.30
4.51
4.71
4.28
4.12
3.56
6.15
5.28
4.91
4.52
4.33
4.23
6.33
6.45
6.12
4.31
4.62
6.12
3.88
4.16
4.95
4.60
3.17
5.28
4.40
4.62
4.26
2.42
4.55
2.00
4.01
4.12
42
52
133
136
32
43
92
122
120
44
137
18
130
48
74
95
72
60
77
134
121
82
4
6
87
138
11
69
128
67
106
98
81
38
22
27
88
62
84
51
126
53
127
2
55
16
123
30
37
24
8
15
70
124
86
61
59
79
118
54
40
17
39
56
91
65
117
125
119
6.16
5.98
3.50
3.10
6.25
6.15
5.42
4.32
4.57
6.15
3.00
6.45
3.84
6.06
5.68
5.39
5.71
5.92
5.63
3.48
4.56
5.56
6.67
6.61
5.51
2.85
6.56
5.74
3.99
5.78
5.04
5.33
5.57
6.19
6.40
6.30
5.48
5.92
5.54
5.98
4.18
5.97
4.10
6.75
5.95
6.47
4.30
6.28
6.19
6.37
6.58
6.50
5.71
4.23
5.53
5.92
5.92
5.59
4.58
5.95
6.17
6.45
6.18
5.94
5.42
5.79
4.59
4.22
4.57
Note: Ranks out of 138 economies and scores measured on a 1-to-7 scale.
Albania
Algeria
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belgium
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Congo, Democratic Rep.
Costa Rica
Cte d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Estonia
Ethiopia
Finland
France
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Guatemala
Honduras
Hong Kong SAR
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
5. Higher education
and training
6. Goods market
efficiency
7. Labor market
efficiency
8. Financial market
development
9. Technological
readiness
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
86
110
82
80
13
22
59
40
107
64
18
125
108
120
106
84
61
87
44
137
97
114
6
121
135
31
30
48
127
52
96
68
71
27
17
92
95
100
101
28
117
14
19
122
123
69
7
91
67
77
98
4
56
32
46
49
89
20
25
43
78
10
66
50
75
26
70
112
104
3.88
3.55
3.92
3.96
5.27
5.00
4.23
4.52
3.60
4.16
5.18
3.29
3.58
3.42
3.60
3.89
4.20
3.88
4.43
2.72
3.69
3.52
5.42
3.40
2.76
4.77
4.79
4.38
3.27
4.34
3.73
4.09
4.06
4.85
5.19
3.83
3.74
3.67
3.67
4.80
3.47
5.26
5.14
3.33
3.31
4.08
5.40
3.84
4.09
4.00
3.69
5.58
4.27
4.75
4.41
4.38
3.86
5.10
4.95
4.43
3.98
5.37
4.13
4.37
4.03
4.88
4.08
3.54
3.63
42
96
40
71
9
12
78
44
118
29
5
117
98
100
92
88
84
65
56
134
124
105
19
79
137
28
54
70
128
35
109
49
55
27
6
95
73
112
103
18
127
2
21
121
108
89
16
99
45
102
101
14
72
11
81
63
60
13
24
43
90
23
51
57
97
25
94
87
106
4.90
3.87
4.96
4.38
5.91
5.76
4.16
4.90
3.04
5.16
5.99
3.09
3.84
3.77
4.02
4.07
4.11
4.48
4.64
2.29
2.88
3.43
5.54
4.15
2.21
5.20
4.64
4.39
2.77
5.07
3.36
4.70
4.64
5.20
5.95
3.94
4.34
3.27
3.57
5.54
2.79
6.16
5.46
2.98
3.39
4.06
5.63
3.77
4.87
3.61
3.63
5.66
4.36
5.88
4.12
4.50
4.56
5.70
5.38
4.90
4.05
5.38
4.69
4.62
3.86
5.32
3.98
4.10
3.40
69
133
135
45
27
25
50
22
96
86
13
126
101
134
129
73
128
68
57
130
76
109
17
97
137
44
56
100
127
78
92
95
33
36
18
106
124
112
102
20
105
19
31
125
82
46
23
93
89
48
94
2
59
29
60
58
111
5
32
67
61
16
43
62
77
24
85
75
72
4.33
3.52
3.26
4.59
4.82
4.90
4.49
4.98
4.08
4.19
5.22
3.72
4.05
3.42
3.69
4.29
3.70
4.34
4.41
3.62
4.24
3.97
5.10
4.08
3.00
4.59
4.43
4.06
3.72
4.23
4.16
4.10
4.70
4.67
5.07
4.00
3.75
3.95
4.03
5.06
4.01
5.06
4.71
3.74
4.21
4.57
4.97
4.16
4.17
4.56
4.12
5.71
4.40
4.74
4.39
4.40
3.96
5.43
4.71
4.34
4.39
5.20
4.62
4.39
4.23
4.93
4.20
4.25
4.30
98
132
130
55
28
40
26
35
120
42
45
50
27
136
125
36
117
47
54
78
58
76
8
116
111
52
39
81
53
68
75
100
48
44
13
109
123
135
122
15
70
23
51
101
46
43
22
72
114
99
118
3
80
10
84
108
134
12
21
119
60
19
87
20
31
77
115
102
30
3.93
3.25
3.30
4.40
4.69
4.53
4.77
4.55
3.58
4.52
4.49
4.42
4.69
3.12
3.46
4.54
3.67
4.46
4.40
4.13
4.39
4.16
5.34
3.67
3.79
4.41
4.53
4.11
4.41
4.26
4.19
3.89
4.44
4.50
5.08
3.79
3.55
3.15
3.57
5.03
4.24
4.78
4.42
3.89
4.49
4.51
4.80
4.23
3.75
3.92
3.64
5.60
4.13
5.21
4.10
3.80
3.21
5.13
4.80
3.64
4.36
4.85
4.04
4.81
4.62
4.14
3.67
3.87
4.63
94
132
127
90
6
34
97
43
99
62
29
106
79
76
101
66
93
92
59
135
63
91
7
112
133
23
56
25
117
40
75
95
120
27
24
87
113
111
45
22
102
5
31
103
100
58
20
85
136
18
36
4
70
53
38
42
131
67
19
122
30
17
68
104
50
80
65
96
81
3.59
2.89
2.98
3.68
5.42
4.54
3.55
4.30
3.54
4.09
4.65
3.47
3.87
3.88
3.51
3.99
3.63
3.65
4.14
2.57
4.06
3.66
5.30
3.37
2.88
4.82
4.16
4.75
3.24
4.37
3.88
3.58
3.19
4.74
4.76
3.73
3.37
3.39
4.27
4.82
3.51
5.46
4.60
3.50
3.52
4.16
4.88
3.78
2.52
4.88
4.54
5.53
3.97
4.17
4.41
4.33
2.92
3.99
4.88
3.11
4.65
4.91
3.99
3.50
4.20
3.86
4.01
3.57
3.86
82
108
69
71
24
23
55
37
122
31
15
129
102
111
76
86
59
84
38
137
98
124
21
78
138
39
74
64
134
45
94
47
51
29
11
79
90
99
93
32
131
16
17
109
112
65
10
95
42
96
106
5
54
8
110
91
97
12
22
40
77
19
75
56
89
28
60
117
121
3.66
3.08
4.08
4.01
5.66
5.72
4.52
5.15
2.69
5.44
5.99
2.48
3.19
2.96
3.88
3.58
4.37
3.60
5.14
2.01
3.28
2.60
5.79
3.76
1.93
5.09
3.96
4.25
2.30
4.77
3.39
4.72
4.63
5.54
6.10
3.73
3.55
3.26
3.40
5.35
2.43
5.97
5.92
3.06
2.92
4.21
6.11
3.39
4.98
3.37
3.12
6.21
4.52
6.17
2.99
3.54
3.35
6.05
5.76
5.03
3.76
5.81
3.90
4.43
3.55
5.54
4.33
2.81
2.72
109
36
28
120
22
43
63
92
38
136
34
123
133
82
98
105
8
116
65
135
86
85
15
137
115
44
1
35
95
83
80
78
114
46
58
67
62
25
94
100
66
59
7
112
138
101
5
72
56
73
97
33
53
129
3
10
19
54
57
12
119
4
75
45
70
13
51
121
108
2.87
4.73
4.93
2.68
5.10
4.53
3.89
3.23
4.65
1.56
4.75
2.59
1.82
3.35
3.05
2.89
5.73
2.74
3.85
1.69
3.28
3.29
5.42
1.37
2.76
4.50
7.00
4.73
3.17
3.35
3.40
3.52
2.76
4.43
4.21
3.79
3.90
5.03
3.18
3.00
3.83
4.10
5.74
2.81
1.34
3.00
5.99
3.70
4.23
3.68
3.06
4.77
4.27
2.31
6.43
5.71
5.19
4.27
4.21
5.58
2.69
6.06
3.56
4.47
3.74
5.51
4.28
2.65
2.89
(Contd.)
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Mali
Malta
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Moldova
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan, China
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Venezuela
Vietnam
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
5. Higher education
and training
6. Goods market
efficiency
7. Labor market
efficiency
8. Financial market
development
9. Technological
readiness
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
42
72
133
129
36
23
73
128
130
24
124
41
138
62
45
102
93
79
88
131
94
118
9
8
126
85
11
63
113
51
105
57
58
34
39
21
55
38
81
33
111
90
134
2
47
54
35
29
83
12
3
16
99
119
37
76
103
53
109
74
15
5
1
60
116
65
136
115
132
4.44
4.05
3.06
3.19
4.59
4.99
4.04
3.26
3.17
4.96
3.29
4.49
2.55
4.19
4.41
3.66
3.83
3.96
3.87
3.11
3.79
3.45
5.38
5.38
3.28
3.88
5.34
4.17
3.53
4.36
3.62
4.26
4.24
4.64
4.52
5.00
4.28
4.56
3.93
4.74
3.54
3.85
2.95
5.73
4.38
4.31
4.62
4.80
3.91
5.31
5.62
5.20
3.68
3.45
4.56
4.03
3.65
4.32
3.56
4.04
5.22
5.55
5.85
4.23
3.51
4.15
2.74
3.51
3.10
39
66
119
130
26
47
76
126
131
41
122
38
138
52
82
91
59
64
104
135
110
113
3
10
116
125
7
85
123
86
107
80
58
37
36
30
67
32
114
46
111
69
133
1
61
22
77
31
68
15
4
17
75
132
62
74
93
50
129
33
34
20
8
48
53
83
136
120
115
5.01
4.46
3.03
2.73
5.25
4.78
4.25
2.85
2.61
4.96
2.93
5.02
1.90
4.68
4.12
4.04
4.57
4.49
3.55
2.29
3.33
3.26
6.07
5.89
3.15
2.86
5.94
4.10
2.91
4.10
3.40
4.13
4.60
5.03
5.04
5.14
4.45
5.09
3.22
4.80
3.29
4.40
2.56
6.29
4.54
5.42
4.22
5.14
4.45
5.63
6.03
5.61
4.28
2.60
4.54
4.30
4.02
4.69
2.74
5.08
5.07
5.54
5.91
4.75
4.68
4.11
2.26
2.99
3.15
49
55
88
90
39
4
34
120
119
12
110
30
136
26
70
107
104
74
64
118
79
116
8
10
122
98
21
51
117
40
91
65
99
47
38
7
80
87
35
41
84
121
123
1
53
42
28
54
66
11
6
15
71
114
37
103
113
52
115
108
3
9
14
63
138
81
131
83
132
4.52
4.45
4.18
4.17
4.64
5.54
4.70
3.81
3.81
5.25
3.97
4.73
3.21
4.90
4.33
3.99
4.01
4.27
4.38
3.88
4.23
3.90
5.41
5.31
3.77
4.07
5.05
4.48
3.89
4.64
4.17
4.37
4.07
4.57
4.66
5.41
4.22
4.19
4.68
4.64
4.20
3.78
3.77
5.78
4.45
4.62
4.77
4.45
4.35
5.29
5.42
5.20
4.31
3.93
4.66
4.02
3.93
4.47
3.91
3.98
5.61
5.34
5.21
4.38
2.86
4.21
3.56
4.20
3.54
34
104
96
74
59
16
95
56
38
24
112
41
131
57
105
91
66
83
124
92
32
103
14
6
113
37
9
82
129
67
107
61
86
79
64
17
88
49
7
65
94
106
110
2
93
85
97
69
128
18
1
25
33
62
71
89
133
126
29
73
11
5
4
121
138
63
137
90
127
4.57
3.85
3.96
4.21
4.37
5.03
3.96
4.40
4.53
4.77
3.77
4.52
3.26
4.39
3.85
3.99
4.29
4.10
3.55
3.98
4.61
3.86
5.07
5.43
3.75
4.54
5.25
4.10
3.30
4.27
3.81
4.34
4.04
4.13
4.31
5.00
4.04
4.43
5.37
4.30
3.97
3.84
3.79
5.80
3.98
4.08
3.94
4.25
3.37
4.86
5.95
4.77
4.59
4.33
4.23
4.01
3.24
3.39
4.66
4.23
5.17
5.46
5.48
3.58
2.75
4.33
3.10
4.00
3.37
52
69
134
74
60
14
57
121
115
13
109
41
137
44
35
129
125
54
83
128
49
73
37
1
114
89
9
55
107
12
72
26
48
46
116
21
86
108
32
47
88
110
123
2
33
118
11
71
64
10
8
15
105
98
39
61
119
82
77
130
28
16
3
51
124
78
138
84
126
4.19
3.97
2.61
3.89
4.13
4.97
4.16
3.13
3.26
4.98
3.42
4.35
2.21
4.29
4.54
2.96
3.09
4.16
3.79
2.98
4.22
3.91
4.48
5.79
3.31
3.69
5.24
4.16
3.44
5.12
3.95
4.75
4.22
4.24
3.25
4.84
3.73
3.43
4.60
4.23
3.71
3.41
3.11
5.69
4.56
3.21
5.19
3.96
4.03
5.22
5.26
4.93
3.49
3.55
4.39
4.12
3.21
3.82
3.88
2.95
4.72
4.93
5.56
4.20
3.11
3.88
2.07
3.78
3.08
34
72
123
130
27
2
61
128
135
43
113
20
133
66
73
58
68
52
81
127
87
126
6
13
116
105
7
57
119
53
104
88
83
46
26
33
48
62
100
41
103
70
132
9
44
35
49
25
101
4
1
30
114
125
63
50
80
67
118
85
18
3
14
36
107
92
136
115
120
5.20
4.01
2.67
2.43
5.59
6.40
4.31
2.49
2.26
4.81
2.84
5.80
2.32
4.17
3.97
4.40
4.12
4.59
3.69
2.54
3.56
2.56
6.18
6.03
2.81
3.15
6.17
4.40
2.73
4.55
3.15
3.56
3.61
4.76
5.59
5.35
4.71
4.30
3.25
5.01
3.17
4.05
2.41
6.14
4.79
5.19
4.70
5.61
3.23
6.29
6.41
5.53
2.84
2.59
4.30
4.68
3.73
4.16
2.78
3.58
5.82
6.33
6.02
5.16
3.09
3.51
2.21
2.83
2.73
96
76
132
134
77
93
110
107
125
24
111
126
128
118
11
124
104
130
55
102
113
91
23
64
106
26
49
68
29
79
90
48
31
21
52
50
42
6
127
14
103
74
131
37
61
84
30
16
60
40
39
20
122
71
18
99
69
17
81
47
27
9
2
87
41
32
89
88
117
3.15
3.55
1.90
1.70
3.53
3.21
2.87
2.89
2.54
5.03
2.83
2.53
2.42
2.71
5.64
2.56
2.90
2.12
4.26
2.99
2.76
3.24
5.05
3.86
2.89
4.99
4.37
3.79
4.91
3.49
3.24
4.40
4.88
5.13
4.28
4.29
4.53
5.90
2.45
5.44
2.92
3.63
2.08
4.70
3.99
3.32
4.89
5.39
4.06
4.60
4.63
5.18
2.59
3.73
5.22
3.03
3.79
5.38
3.38
4.40
4.93
5.72
6.90
3.27
4.55
4.85
3.24
3.25
2.72
Note: Ranks out of 138 economies and scores measured on a 1-to-7 scale.
Table 4: The Global Competitiveness Index 20162017: Innovation and sophistication factors
PILLARS
INNOVATION
AND SOPHISTICATION
FACTORS
11. Business
sophistication
PILLARS
INNOVATION
AND SOPHISTICATION
FACTORS
12. Innovation
11. Business
sophistication
12. Innovation
Country/Economy
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Country/Economy
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Albania
Algeria
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belgium
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Congo, Democratic Rep.
Costa Rica
Cte d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Estonia
Ethiopia
Finland
France
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Guatemala
Honduras
Hong Kong SAR
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
106
119
87
81
27
11
49
42
116
51
14
107
94
132
122
90
72
78
71
134
118
103
25
105
137
56
29
63
125
45
75
92
68
35
10
99
102
111
117
33
74
7
15
128
89
113
3
67
70
59
82
23
97
24
30
32
101
19
8
28
61
4
39
76
40
22
79
123
93
3.31
3.12
3.46
3.48
4.65
5.26
3.83
4.01
3.16
3.80
5.16
3.30
3.38
2.84
3.04
3.42
3.55
3.49
3.57
2.81
3.15
3.34
4.74
3.31
2.60
3.73
4.22
3.65
3.01
3.93
3.53
3.41
3.61
4.13
5.27
3.35
3.34
3.23
3.16
4.15
3.53
5.47
5.07
2.94
3.42
3.22
5.61
3.61
3.58
3.71
3.47
4.80
3.36
4.75
4.22
4.16
3.35
5.01
5.41
4.39
3.69
5.57
4.05
3.51
4.03
4.81
3.49
3.03
3.39
94
121
88
81
28
8
60
33
107
51
11
116
91
126
115
100
63
84
79
135
114
112
24
108
137
56
34
59
132
41
89
80
62
32
9
77
87
85
86
44
93
12
14
131
71
102
3
68
69
49
73
17
113
27
35
39
109
16
21
25
57
2
36
97
47
23
61
119
92
3.66
3.31
3.68
3.75
4.74
5.50
4.02
4.42
3.52
4.18
5.35
3.39
3.67
3.21
3.40
3.61
4.01
3.73
3.78
3.07
3.47
3.49
4.87
3.52
2.70
4.09
4.41
4.04
3.17
4.30
3.68
3.76
4.01
4.49
5.42
3.81
3.68
3.71
3.69
4.26
3.67
5.25
5.22
3.17
3.85
3.60
5.64
3.91
3.87
4.19
3.85
5.20
3.47
4.77
4.39
4.33
3.50
5.20
5.10
4.84
4.08
5.72
4.37
3.64
4.23
4.87
4.02
3.34
3.67
109
112
81
87
26
14
44
45
121
53
15
86
99
135
125
84
100
78
65
131
118
90
24
98
134
63
30
79
115
48
61
103
85
37
10
114
107
122
127
28
57
3
17
124
106
116
5
69
72
82
102
27
80
21
29
31
89
19
2
32
70
8
40
59
36
20
110
123
95
2.96
2.93
3.24
3.20
4.55
5.03
3.63
3.61
2.80
3.43
4.97
3.21
3.10
2.46
2.68
3.22
3.10
3.26
3.36
2.55
2.83
3.18
4.61
3.11
2.49
3.38
4.04
3.26
2.85
3.55
3.38
3.06
3.21
3.78
5.13
2.89
3.00
2.75
2.63
4.05
3.40
5.68
4.92
2.71
3.00
2.85
5.58
3.32
3.30
3.23
3.09
4.40
3.24
4.73
4.05
3.99
3.19
4.81
5.73
3.93
3.31
5.43
3.73
3.39
3.83
4.75
2.96
2.71
3.12
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Mali
Malta
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Moldova
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan, China
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Venezuela
Vietnam
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
58
52
112
91
43
16
64
114
121
20
109
41
138
48
50
131
115
98
86
124
77
127
6
26
135
110
13
69
85
44
126
108
53
55
38
18
100
66
54
36
62
120
130
12
57
37
31
34
46
5
1
17
60
96
47
83
104
65
95
73
21
9
2
80
133
84
136
88
129
3.71
3.79
3.22
3.42
4.01
5.07
3.64
3.21
3.05
4.94
3.27
4.02
2.38
3.85
3.83
2.85
3.18
3.35
3.46
3.02
3.51
2.94
5.52
4.73
2.77
3.26
5.21
3.60
3.47
3.93
2.96
3.30
3.76
3.74
4.08
5.04
3.35
3.62
3.76
4.10
3.67
3.10
2.87
5.25
3.71
4.08
4.18
4.15
3.90
5.54
5.80
5.05
3.71
3.36
3.85
3.47
3.32
3.63
3.37
3.53
4.91
5.30
5.63
3.48
2.83
3.47
2.67
3.44
2.89
58
50
110
90
42
15
75
120
122
20
118
40
138
37
45
127
123
103
76
128
83
124
5
26
134
99
10
66
95
38
117
78
52
54
46
18
104
72
64
31
70
125
133
19
55
48
30
29
53
6
1
22
74
106
43
67
101
65
111
98
13
7
4
82
136
96
129
105
130
4.06
4.18
3.50
3.67
4.28
5.21
3.83
3.32
3.28
5.16
3.38
4.32
2.56
4.36
4.24
3.20
3.27
3.57
3.82
3.19
3.73
3.25
5.61
4.83
3.12
3.61
5.37
3.94
3.65
4.34
3.38
3.78
4.15
4.10
4.24
5.20
3.56
3.85
3.97
4.52
3.86
3.22
3.15
5.18
4.10
4.23
4.52
4.54
4.14
5.59
5.80
5.03
3.84
3.53
4.27
3.91
3.61
3.95
3.49
3.62
5.25
5.58
5.62
3.74
3.04
3.64
3.18
3.55
3.17
64
58
111
91
39
16
51
97
120
22
92
41
137
67
55
133
101
94
96
117
74
126
7
23
136
113
12
76
75
49
132
119
62
60
34
18
93
56
47
42
50
108
130
9
68
33
35
38
43
6
1
11
46
88
54
105
104
71
77
52
25
13
4
83
128
73
138
66
129
3.36
3.40
2.95
3.16
3.75
4.93
3.44
3.11
2.81
4.72
3.16
3.71
2.20
3.34
3.41
2.51
3.09
3.13
3.11
2.84
3.29
2.63
5.44
4.63
2.42
2.90
5.05
3.26
3.28
3.53
2.54
2.82
3.38
3.39
3.91
4.87
3.14
3.40
3.56
3.69
3.48
2.97
2.59
5.33
3.32
3.93
3.85
3.76
3.65
5.49
5.80
5.07
3.58
3.20
3.43
3.02
3.03
3.31
3.26
3.44
4.57
5.03
5.64
3.22
2.62
3.29
2.16
3.34
2.61
Note: Ranks out of 138 economies and scores measured on a 1-to-7 scale.
CHAPTER 1.2
Modernizing the
Measurement of
Drivers of Prosperity
in Light of the Fourth
Industrial Revolution:
The Updated Global
Competitiveness Index
XAVIER SALA-I-MARTN
Columbia University
ROBERTO CROTTI
SILJA BALLER
ATTILIO DI BATTISTA
MARGARETA DRZENIEK-HANOUZ
THIERRY GEIGER
DANIEL GMEZ GAVIRIA
GALLE MARTI
The authors invite feedback on this chapter. Please send feedback and
comments to gcp@weforum.org.
200
150
100
50
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Gordon 2012.
Roubini 2016.
Box 3: How to prioritize policies to overcome the middle-income trap: An empirical exercise for Latin
America and the Caribbean
Historically, the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) has
pointed toward one major way to prioritize policy reforms:
dividing the Index into three subindexes (basic requirements,
efficiency enhancers, and innovation and sophistication
factors) while also classifying countries into three groups
according to per capita income. For lower-income countries,
a higher weight is given to basic requirements; for the middleincome group, the priority is efficiency enhancers; for higherincome countries, the focus is on improving innovation and
sophistication.
However, as the World Economic Forum revises the
Global Competitiveness Index, other ways to contribute to the
debate about policy prioritization to boost inclusive growth in
emerging and developing markets and industrialized countries
alike are being looked ata debate that is especially urgent
as the Fourth Industrial Revolution disrupts patterns of
development and opens new paths to development. Following
a session at the World Economic Forum on Latin America
2016, the Forum and the OECD Development Centre are
exploring new methodologies to identify policy priorities
in the region by combining GCI data with recent OECD
Development Centre research.
For Latin America, an especially challenging scenario
is the middle-income trap: it is common for countries to
grow rapidly in their early stages of development, only to
stagnate when they approach middle levels of per capita
income. Different sources of growth become more important
at this stage, and countries can struggle to prioritize the
right policies to make the necessary adjustments.1 In the
region, only Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay have overcome
the middle-income trap or are close to doing so.2 Several
other Latin American countries were already in the middleincome range as early as 1950, but these countries have not
advanced beyond that range, and the regions average per
capita income growth has remained weak in comparison to
the OECD average (see Figure1).
Figure 1: Middle-income countries: Latin America and
the Caribbean compared to OECD
GCP per capita, constant 1990 PPP dollars
11,800
Upper-middle income
9,800
Whether a country falls into or escapes from the middleincome trap depends on a range of many variables, from its
general economic and legal environment and macroeconomic
stability to integration and the effectiveness of productive
development policies. The OECD Development Centre
conducted empirical research to shed light on the most
important policy areas, statistically analyzing the experiences
of emerging economies and the OECD countries that have
graduated to higher-income status since 1985. The Centre
defines middle-income as between US$2,000 and US$11,750,
measured in 1990 constant levels and adjusted for PPP,
as in Felipe et al. (2012). Using fixed thresholds at constant
PPP prices allows us to compare the current characteristics
of middle-income Latin American economies to those of
countries at the time they graduated to high-income status:
Israel (1986), Singapore (1988), Ireland (1990), Spain (1990),
the Republic of Korea (1995), Portugal (1996), Greece (2000),
Chile (2005), Kuwait (2005), Qatar (2005), Uruguay (2012),
Malaysia (2014), and Poland (2014).
The Centre uses linear discriminant analysis to
find the linear combination of institutional and economic
featurescovering institutions, the structure of production,
demographic variables, and macroeconomic indicatorsthat
characterize countries that did and did not evade the middleincome trap.3
Preliminary results show that the variables that best
separate these sets of countries are the rule of law, the index
of productive capabilities, and investment. These policy areas
seem to exhibit robust results, because most countries are
correctly ascribed to their particular income category based
on a larger group of growth determinants, not exclusively on
per capita income.
The analysis also points to differing policy priorities for
economies in Latin America and the Caribbean. For instance,
Chile lags behind in terms of productive capabilities and the
size of the manufacturing sector; in Mexico, improvements
to the rule of law are highlighted; in Colombia and Peru,
the challenges are linked to productive capabilities, the
size of the manufacturing sector, public revenues, and the
rule of law. The Forum and the OECD Development Centre
are collaborating to extend this research by including new
variables, broadening the country sample, and testing novel
empirical methodologies.
Notes
1
OECD/ECLAC/CAF 2015.
5,800
3,800
7,800
1,800
Lower-middle income
Low income
LAC average
OECD average
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Source: OECD Development Centre calculations, based on Felipe et al. 2012. Data were
extracted from the International Monetary Funds World Economic Outlook Database
(April 2016), https://www.imf.org/external/data.htm, and the Maddison Project
(2010) database, http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/.
Enabling environment
Institutions
Introduced new
statistical measures
of security and
transparency
Macroeconomic
context
Human capital
Markets
Innovation ecosystem
Health
Refocused from
morbidity to
disability-adjusted
life years
Product
market
efficiency
Streamlined and
simplified to focus
on tariffs, antitrust,
and taxation
Education
and skills
Restructured as
current versus future
skills of the labor
force
Labor
market
functioning
Refocused on
matching skills and
capacity to support
industry disruption
Market
size
Rethought to capture
market potential
rewarding larger
pools of ideas and
economies of scale
Business
dynamism
Rethought to capture
entrepreneurial spirit
entry and bankruptcy
regulation
Innovation
capacity
Added measures
of external and
foreign currency
debt and improved
conventional
indicators
Financial
Using predominantly
market
hard data, expanded
development regulatory and
access aspects
Economy
Rank
Value
Rank
Denmark
6.18
6.13
Rank
6.22
Value
Switzerland
6.17
6.56
12
5.79
Norway
6.12
6.13
6.12
Netherlands
6.11
5.92
6.29
Sweden
6.09
5.97
6.22
Australia
6.04
10
5.89
6.18
United Kingdom
6.00
5.93
10
6.07
Germany
5.93
6.20
15
5.67
New Zealand
5.92
17
5.57
6.27
Belgium
10
5.89
13
5.63
6.15
Finland
11
5.88
23
5.33
6.43
United States
12
5.82
6.05
18
5.58
Iceland
13
5.78
24
5.29
6.28
Singapore
14
5.76
12
5.79
13
5.73
Canada
15
5.69
5.94
19
5.44
Ireland
16
5.64
27
5.26
11
6.01
Estonia
17
5.61
15
5.58
16
5.64
Israel
18
5.53
11
5.86
25
5.19
Slovenia
19
5.49
20
5.38
17
5.59
Czech Republic
20
5.46
16
5.58
22
5.33
Lithuania
21
5.45
18
5.53
20
5.36
Korea, Rep.
22
5.23
26
5.27
24
5.20
Latvia
23
5.22
21
5.37
30
5.07
France
24
5.22
22
5.33
28
5.10
25
5.15
50
4.60
14
5.70
Japan
26
5.12
19
5.39
39
4.85
Austria
27
5.12
34
5.09
26
5.15
Malta
28
5.07
25
5.27
38
4.86
Luxembourg
29
5.05
14
5.59
52
4.51
Poland
30
5.04
35
5.08
32
5.00
Russian Federation
31
5.02
28
5.26
40
4.77
Taiwan, China
32
5.01
39
4.88
27
5.14
Qatar
33
4.96
29
5.16
41
4.77
Kazakhstan
34
4.91
32
5.10
44
4.71
Spain
35
4.88
56
4.41
21
5.35
Malaysia
36
4.86
33
5.09
48
4.63
Slovak Republic
37
4.86
30
5.14
49
4.58
Greece
38
4.80
47
4.64
33
4.95
Ukraine
39
4.79
46
4.69
36
4.89
Portugal
40
4.75
67
4.19
23
5.31
Cyprus
41
4.74
31
5.11
59
4.38
Argentina
42
4.73
55
4.45
31
5.01
Italy
43
4.69
54
4.45
34
4.94
Hungary
44
4.68
36
4.96
57
4.41
Albania
45
4.68
62
4.26
29
5.10
Chile
46
4.63
49
4.60
46
4.67
Sri Lanka
47
4.61
38
4.93
62
4.30
Montenegro
48
4.61
45
4.70
51
4.51
Georgia
49
4.61
37
4.93
63
4.29
Saudi Arabia
50
4.59
61
4.30
37
4.89
Barbados
51
4.56
65
4.23
35
4.90
Costa Rica
52
4.56
58
4.37
42
4.76
Croatia
53
4.54
48
4.63
55
4.45
Brunei Darussalam
54
4.42
71
4.11
43
4.73
Uruguay
55
4.36
72
4.04
45
4.68
Romania
56
4.36
59
4.35
60
4.37
Bulgaria
57
4.35
68
4.19
53
4.50
Serbia
58
4.33
53
4.57
70
4.09
Bahrain
59
4.32
60
4.35
61
4.30
Mauritius
60
4.32
74
3.99
47
4.65
Azerbaijan
61
4.31
42
4.75
79
3.87
Jordan
62
4.29
51
4.59
73
4.00
Mongolia
63
4.28
70
4.12
56
4.43
64
4.27
40
4.87
89
3.67
Armenia
65
4.21
44
4.73
86
3.70
Moldova
66
4.16
41
4.87
96
3.44
Ecuador
Tajikistan
67
68
4.13
4.12
79
43
3.79
4.75
54
93
4.47
3.48
Dynamics*
(Contd.)
Rank
Value
Rank
69
70
4.11
4.05
57
66
Jamaica
71
4.01
64
4.24
83
3.77
South Africa
72
4.00
52
4.58
97
3.43
Panama
73
3.99
63
4.25
84
3.73
China
74
3.97
85
3.56
58
4.39
75
3.97
80
3.78
66
4.15
Philippines
Venezuela
Value
Rank
Value
4.37
4.22
80
78
3.85
3.88
Turkey
76
3.95
92
3.36
50
4.53
Indonesia
77
3.92
81
3.75
69
4.09
78
3.89
86
3.52
64
4.25
Botswana
79
3.88
75
3.97
82
3.79
Macedonia, FYR
80
3.87
77
3.85
77
3.89
Kyrgyz Republic
81
3.87
69
4.15
91
3.59
Oman
82
3.83
84
3.60
71
4.06
Lebanon
83
3.80
82
3.65
76
3.94
Thailand
84
3.79
83
3.64
75
3.95
Peru
85
3.77
76
3.94
90
3.60
Colombia
86
3.76
91
3.40
67
4.13
Mexico
87
3.76
78
3.84
87
3.68
Brazil
88
3.65
96
3.18
68
4.13
Cape Verde
89
3.64
98
3.12
65
4.16
Bolivia
90
3.60
87
3.51
85
3.70
Zambia
91
3.59
73
4.01
104
3.17
Tunisia
92
3.44
103
2.83
72
4.06
Dominican Republic
93
3.44
90
3.41
95
3.47
Algeria
94
3.39
102
2.84
74
3.95
Gabon
95
3.31
94
3.30
99
3.31
India
96
3.25
104
2.82
88
3.67
Vietnam
97
3.25
95
3.29
101
3.21
Kuwait
98
3.24
100
2.90
92
3.58
Bhutan
99
3.20
112
2.56
81
3.85
Paraguay
100
3.16
93
3.30
110
3.02
Zimbabwe
101
3.15
89
3.43
113
2.88
El Salvador
102
3.15
101
2.89
98
3.42
Ghana
103
3.15
97
3.15
105
3.15
Guatemala
104
3.13
88
3.45
116
2.80
Rwanda
105
3.06
108
2.64
94
3.47
Honduras
106
3.00
99
2.94
108
3.06
Kenya
107
2.97
105
2.73
102
3.21
Namibia
108
2.87
106
2.72
109
3.03
Benin
109
2.81
116
2.42
103
3.20
Lao PDR
110
2.78
114
2.48
107
3.08
Cameroon
111
2.77
111
2.56
111
2.98
Nepal
112
2.75
127
2.21
100
3.28
Morocco
113
2.68
125
2.24
106
3.13
Lesotho
114
2.59
122
2.30
112
2.89
Gambia, The
115
2.57
113
2.55
118
2.60
Liberia
116
2.56
120
2.31
115
2.82
Cte d'Ivoire
117
2.55
109
2.61
121
2.49
Senegal
118
2.54
110
2.58
120
2.50
Cambodia
119
2.54
126
2.22
114
2.85
Madagascar
120
2.52
121
2.30
117
2.74
127
2.29
123
2.27
125
2.30
Uganda
121
2.41
119
2.35
123
2.46
Nigeria
122
2.40
107
2.70
129
2.10
Malawi
123
2.36
129
2.18
119
2.54
Mali
124
2.33
117
2.41
126
2.25
Bangladesh
125
2.33
130
2.18
122
2.47
Burundi
126
2.30
124
2.25
124
2.35
Pakistan
128
2.27
118
2.37
128
2.17
Tanzania
129
2.25
115
2.47
131
2.04
Ethiopia
130
2.20
131
2.18
127
2.21
Mozambique
131
2.05
133
2.05
130
2.06
Sierra Leone
132
2.01
128
2.19
132
1.83
Chad
133
1.93
132
2.11
133
1.75
Mauritania
Yemen
134
135
1.78
1.74
134
135
1.86
1.83
134
135
1.70
1.65
Dynamics*
* The dynamics column shows the change vis-a-vis the current pillar of the Global Competitiveness Index.
= The score of the Skills of the future workforce subpillar is higher than the score
of the Skills of the current workforce by 15 percent or more.
= The score of the Skills of the future workforce subpillar is lower than the score of the Skills of the current workforce by 10
percent or more.
Note: For a full definition of variables and sources, see the appendix at the end of this chapter. EOS = Executive Opinion Survey.
CONCLUSIONS
This chapter has explained the current status of the
World Economic Forums work to modernize the
Global Competitiveness Index in light of the new reality
brought about by the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
We have presented preliminary results on the three
most renovated pillars (education and skills, business
dynamism, and innovation capacity).
The analysis of the preliminary results suggests
that the competitiveness of advanced and emerging
economies alike will rest on a countrys future orientation
and its ability to update skills, and on the regulations
and social norms that promote entrepreneurship and
welcome change, collaboration, and creativity.
As we continue to work to improve the Index, we
invite users, policymakers, business executives, and
the academic community to provide feedback on the
components discussed above and the preliminary Index
results presented in this chapter.10
Table 4: Business dynamism and innovation capacity pillars: Preliminary country rankings
11TH PILLAR:
BUSINESS DYNAMISM
Country/Economy
12TH PILLAR:
INNOVATION CAPACITY
Rank
Score
Country/Economy
Rank
Score
Country/Economy
Rank
Score
Country/Economy
Rank
Score
United States
6.12
5.93
5.88
4.64
4.64
70
69
Switzerland
Sweden
India
Argentina
Sweden
5.92
Argentina
Uruguay
69
70
2.95
2.95
Norway
5.85
Panama
71
4.63
Netherlands
5.68
Kuwait
71
2.94
Netherlands
5.82
Turkey
72
4.62
Germany
5.66
Kazakhstan
72
2.94
Denmark
5.81
Tunisia
73
4.61
Denmark
5.48
Brunei Darussalam
73
2.93
United Kingdom
5.81
Croatia
74
4.61
United States
5.46
Jamaica
74
2.91
New Zealand
5.79
Guatemala
75
4.56
Luxembourg
5.42
Oman
75
2.91
Iceland
5.77
Vietnam
76
4.54
Finland
5.39
Vietnam
76
2.90
Switzerland
5.71
Poland
77
4.54
Israel
5.36
Colombia
77
2.90
Germany
10
5.70
Serbia
78
4.51
Austria
10
5.32
Montenegro
78
2.89
Finland
11
5.66
79
4.50
Taiwan, China
11
5.26
Ukraine
79
2.89
Singapore
12
5.62
Saudi Arabia
80
4.49
United Kingdom
12
5.25
Lao PDR
80
2.88
Ireland
13
5.62
Honduras
81
4.47
Singapore
13
5.16
Rwanda
81
2.88
Taiwan, China
16
5.53
Kyrgyz Republic
82
4.47
Iceland
14
5.13
82
2.88
Australia
14
5.55
Ukraine
83
4.41
Norway
15
5.11
Serbia
83
2.87
Belgium
15
5.54
Lebanon
84
4.41
Korea, Rep.
16
5.06
Tajikistan
84
2.84
Estonia
17
5.52
Brazil
85
4.40
Ireland
17
5.06
Senegal
85
2.81
Canada
18
5.49
Philippines
86
4.40
Belgium
18
5.03
Namibia
86
2.80
Israel
19
5.48
Hungary
87
4.39
Japan
19
4.97
Morocco
87
2.80
Japan
20
5.47
Kuwait
88
4.38
France
20
4.86
Ethiopia
88
2.79
Malaysia
21
5.41
Bangladesh
90
4.36
New Zealand
21
4.71
Ghana
89
2.79
Korea, Rep.
22
5.38
Rwanda
91
4.35
Canada
22
4.51
Nigeria
90
2.78
23
5.29
92
4.32
Australia
23
4.47
Tunisia
91
2.78
France
24
5.28
Thailand
93
4.31
Qatar
24
4.32
Peru
92
2.76
Portugal
25
5.25
Morocco
94
4.29
Estonia
25
4.31
Honduras
93
2.76
Qatar
26
5.24
Jordan
95
4.26
Malaysia
26
4.25
Botswana
94
2.75
Macedonia, FYR
27
5.21
El Salvador
96
4.26
Slovenia
27
4.21
95
2.74
Slovenia
28
5.16
Cte d'Ivoire
89
4.36
Italy
28
4.15
Cambodia
96
2.72
Austria
29
5.14
Bhutan
97
4.25
Portugal
29
4.12
Dominican Republic
97
2.72
Chile
30
5.11
Indonesia
98
4.25
Spain
30
4.11
Bhutan
98
2.71
Latvia
31
5.10
Algeria
99
4.23
31
4.07
Liberia
99
2.70
Lithuania
32
5.09
Nepal
100
4.22
Czech Republic
32
4.05
Georgia
100
2.70
Kazakhstan
33
5.07
Ghana
101
4.21
Malta
33
3.93
Cte d'Ivoire
101
2.69
Colombia
34
5.06
Mozambique
102
4.20
Cyprus
34
3.82
Pakistan
102
2.69
Bahrain
35
5.06
Paraguay
103
4.18
Lithuania
35
3.70
Zambia
103
2.68
Azerbaijan
36
5.03
Tanzania
104
4.18
China
36
3.66
Cameroon
104
2.68
Russian Federation
37
5.01
Madagascar
105
4.16
Slovak Republic
37
3.54
Cape Verde
105
2.67
Jamaica
38
4.99
Kenya
106
4.15
South Africa
38
3.49
Albania
106
2.67
Spain
39
4.97
107
4.13
Latvia
39
3.46
Gambia, The
107
2.66
Luxembourg
40
4.97
Nigeria
108
4.10
Poland
40
3.44
Mongolia
108
2.64
Czech Republic
41
4.96
Namibia
109
4.08
Greece
41
3.41
Uganda
109
2.64
Mauritius
42
4.94
Cape Verde
110
4.06
Barbados
42
3.36
Ecuador
110
2.64
Montenegro
43
4.93
Botswana
111
4.05
Bahrain
43
3.35
Tanzania
111
2.62
Peru
44
4.91
Burundi
112
4.02
India
44
3.32
Mali
112
2.59
Oman
45
4.90
Dominican Republic
113
4.01
Azerbaijan
45
3.30
Kyrgyz Republic
113
2.57
Greece
46
4.90
Benin
114
3.99
Indonesia
46
3.28
Lesotho
114
2.56
Bulgaria
47
4.88
Lesotho
115
3.95
Bulgaria
47
3.27
Benin
115
2.55
Slovak Republic
48
4.87
Senegal
116
3.92
Croatia
48
3.26
Bangladesh
116
2.55
Armenia
49
4.87
Ecuador
117
3.87
Panama
49
3.24
Venezuela
117
2.54
South Africa
50
4.85
Mali
119
3.84
Saudi Arabia
50
3.24
El Salvador
118
2.54
Romania
51
4.84
Ethiopia
120
3.82
Lebanon
51
3.21
119
2.53
Uruguay
52
4.81
Gambia, The
121
3.80
Jordan
52
3.18
Paraguay
120
2.52
Mexico
53
4.81
Uganda
122
3.79
Mauritius
53
3.17
Algeria
121
2.52
Albania
54
4.80
Liberia
123
3.71
Chile
54
3.16
Moldova
122
2.48
Cyprus
55
4.79
124
3.68
Thailand
55
3.15
Madagascar
123
2.47
Brunei Darussalam
56
4.76
Cameroon
125
3.67
Hungary
56
3.15
Gabon
124
2.46
Georgia
57
4.76
Gabon
127
3.65
Kenya
57
3.13
Bolivia
125
2.44
Moldova
58
4.72
Sierra Leone
126
3.66
Turkey
58
3.11
Mozambique
126
2.44
Tajikistan
59
4.70
Mauritania
128
3.61
Russian Federation
59
3.10
Nepal
127
2.34
Mongolia
61
4.69
Lao PDR
129
3.60
Mexico
60
3.06
128
2.33
Sri Lanka
62
4.68
Bolivia
130
3.56
Costa Rica
61
3.04
Zimbabwe
129
2.33
Zambia
63
4.67
Yemen
132
3.13
Macedonia, FYR
62
3.02
Malawi
130
2.32
Italy
66
4.66
Cambodia
131
3.24
Brazil
63
3.02
Sierra Leone
131
2.27
Pakistan
65
4.66
Zimbabwe
118
3.85
Guatemala
64
3.00
Burundi
132
2.20
Malta
64
4.66
Malawi
133
3.08
Philippines
65
3.00
Yemen
133
2.15
Costa Rica
67
4.65
2.99
4.70
4.64
2.70
2.41
66
60
68
134
135
Romania
Barbados
China
Venezuela
Chad
Sri Lanka
Armenia
67
68
2.98
2.96
Chad
Mauritania
134
135
2.12
1.96
NOTES
1 For a concise definition of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, see
Box1 of Chapter 1.1; see also Box1 in this chapter. For a fuller
description, see Schwab 2016.
2 IFR 2016.
3 Juniper Research 2016.
4 eMarketer 2016.
5 Roland Berger Strategy Consultants 2012.
6 For the full literature review, see Sala-i-Martn et al. 2015b.
7 Technically, the index score will be calculated as a simple
average of the 12 pillars. The four subindexs scores will be used
for analysis but will not enter directly into the overall GCI score
calculation. The organization of the pillars into four subindexes
reflects therefore a conceptual representation of main areas of
competitiveness, but does not determine the ranking.
8 World Economic Forum 2016b.
9 Johansson 2004.
10 Please send your feedback to gcp@weforum.org.
REFERENCES
Appendix:
Updated Global Competitiveness Index Structure
The following table provides sources and descriptions for all the indicators composing the updated Global
Competitiveness Index methodology to date. Although the World Economic Forums effort to refine the measurement
of competitiveness is ongoing, the indicators below represent the latest stage in benchmarking the concepts
described in the chapter. Below is a description of each indicator or, in the case of Executive Opinion Survey data, the
full question and associated answers.
Title
Data type
Indicator description
Sources
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Intellectual
property
protection
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Business
costs of crime
and violence
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Homicide rate
Non-EOS
2014
Organized
crime
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Terrorism
incidence
Non-EOS
Index (17 best) averaging the number of terrorismrelated casualties (injuries plus fatalities) and the
number of terrorist attacks, each normalized
separately.
2015
Reliability of
police services
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Irregular
payments in
exports and
imports
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Irregular
payments in
public utilities
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Title
Data type
Indicator description
Sources
Irregular
payments in
tax collection
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Irregular
payments
in public
contracts
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Irregular
payments
in judicial
decisions
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Diversion of
public funds
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Favoritism in
decisions of
government
officials
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Open budget
survey
Non-EOS
2015
Judicial
independence
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Efficiency
of legal
framework in
challenging
regulations
EOS
20152016
weighted average
World Press
Freedom
Non-EOS
2016
Burden of
government
regulation
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Government
online Service
Non-EOS
2014
Efficiency
of legal
framework
in settling
disputes
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Title
Data type
Indicator description
Sources
Efficiency in
provision of
public goods
and services
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Government
ensuring
policy stability
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Workers
rights
Non-EOS
2015
Ethical
behavior of
firms
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Strength of
auditing and
accounting
standards
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Efficacy of
corporate
boards
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Extent of
conflict of
interest
regulation
Non-EOS
World Bank/International
Finance Corporation, Doing
Business 2016: Measuring
Regulatory Quality and
Efficiency, http://www.
doingbusiness.org/
2015
Extent of
shareholder
governance
Non-EOS
World Bank/International
Finance Corporation, Doing
Business 2016: Measuring
Regulatory Quality and
Efficiency, http://www.
doingbusiness.org/
2015
Non-EOS
2015
Road speed
Non-EOS
2015
Quality of road
infrastructure
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Title
Data type
Indicator description
Sources
Efficiency
of ground
transportation
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Railroad
density
Non-EOS
2014
Quality of
railroad
infrastructure
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Efficiency of
train services
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Air
connectivity
Non-EOS
2007
Quality
of airport
infrastructure
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Efficiency of
air transport
services
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Liner shipping
connectivity
Non-EOS
2016
Quality of
seaport
infrastructure
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Efficiency
of seaport
services
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Electrification
rate
Non-EOS
2012
Electric power
losses
Non-EOS
2013
Title
Data type
Indicator description
Sources
Quality of
electricity
supply
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Reliability of
water supply
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Access to
improved
drinking water
Non-EOS
2015
Mobile
network
coverage rate
Non-EOS
International
Telecommunication
Union (ITU), World
Telecommunication/ICT
Indicators Database 2016
(20th edition/June 2016)
2015
Non-EOS
2015
Government
budget
balance
Non-EOS
20062015
average
Government
debt in foreign
currency
Non-EOS
2015
Government
external debt
Non-EOS
2015
Gross national
savings
Non-EOS
2015
Inflation
Non-EOS
2015
Data type
Indicator description
Sources
DALYs
Non-EOS
2013
Infant mortality
Non-EOS
2015
Business
cost of
health-related
absence
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Title
Non-EOS
2010
Extent of staff
training
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Quality of
vocational
training
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Skillset of
secondaryeducation
graduates
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Skillset of
university
graduates
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Non-EOS
2014
Quality of
primary
education
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Internet use in
schools
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Critical
thinking in
teaching
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Title
Data type
Indicator description
Sources
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Effectiveness
of antitrust
policy
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Competition
in professional
services
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Competition in
retail services
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Competition
in network
services
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Prevalence
of non-tariff
barriers
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Trade tariffs
Non-EOS
2015
Complexity of
tariffs
Non-EOS
2013
Burden of
customs
procedures
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Service trade
restrictiveness
Non-EOS
2011
Total non-labor
tax rate
Non-EOS
2015
Title
Data type
Indicator description
Sources
Distortive
effect on
competition
of taxes and
subsidies
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Non-EOS
World Bank/International
Finance Corporation;
Doing Business Database
(retrieved June 07 2016);
www.doingbusiness.org
2015
Hiring and
firing practices
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Cooperation in
labor-employer
relations
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Flexibility
of wage
determination
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Active labor
policies
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Ease of
finding skilled
employees
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Ease of hiring
foreign labor
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Internal labor
mobility
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Reliance of
professional
management
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Pay and
productivity
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Female wage
and salaried
workers
Non-EOS
2013
Total tax on
labor
Non-EOS
World Bank/International
Finance Corporation, Doing
Business 2016: Measuring
Regulatory Quality and
Efficiency, http://www.
doingbusiness.org/
2015
Title
Data type
Indicator description
Sources
Non-EOS
2015
Financing of
SMEs
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Venture capital
availability
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Corporate
bond issuance
volume
Non-EOS
2014
Financing
through the
equity market
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Market
capitalization
of listed
companies
Non-EOS
2015
Soundness of
banks
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Bank
nonperforming
loans
Non-EOS
2015
Credit gap
Non-EOS
2015
Regulation
of security
exchanges
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Share of asset
held by top 5
banks
Non-EOS
2014
Title
Data type
Indicator description
Sources
Banks liquid
assets ratio
Non-EOS
2014
Banks
regulatory
capital ratio
Non-EOS
2014
Share of
adults with a
bank account
Non-EOS
2014
Commercial
bank branches
Non-EOS
2014
Depth of credit
information
Non-EOS
World Bank/International
Finance Corporation, Doing
Business 2016: Measuring
Regulatory Quality and
Efficiency, http://www.
doingbusiness.org/
2015
Strength of
legal rights
Non-EOS
World Bank/International
Finance Corporation, Doing
Business 2016: Measuring
Regulatory Quality and
Efficiency, http://www.
doingbusiness.org/
2015
Public credit
registry
coverage
Non-EOS
World Bank/International
Finance Corporation, Doing
Business 2016: Measuring
Regulatory Quality and
Efficiency, http://www.
doingbusiness.org/
2015
Private
credit bureau
coverage
Non-EOS
World Bank/International
Finance Corporation, Doing
Business 2016: Measuring
Regulatory Quality and
Efficiency, http://www.
doingbusiness.org/
2015
20122015
average
Non-EOS
Title
Data type
Indicator description
Sources
Firm-level
technology
adoption
EOS
20152016
weighted average
FDI and
technology
transfer
EOS
20152016
weighted average
FDI greenfield
investment
Non-EOS
20112015
average
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Internet use
for businessto-consumer
transactions
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Mobile-cellular
telephone
subscriptions
Non-EOS
International
Telecommunication
Union (ITU), World
Telecommunication/ICT
Indicators Database 2016
(20th edition/June 2016)
2015
Fixedbroadband
Internet
subscriptions
Non-EOS
International
Telecommunication
Union (ITU), World
Telecommunication/ICT
Indicators Database 2016
(20th edition/June 2016)
2015
Mobilebroadband
subscriptions
Non-EOS
International
Telecommunication
Union (ITU), World
Telecommunication/ICT
Indicators Database 2016
(20th edition/June 2016)
2015
Fiber Internet
subscriptions
Non-EOS
International
Telecommunication
Union (ITU), World
Telecommunication/ICT
Indicators Database 2016
(20th edition/June 2016)
2014
2015
Non-EOS
Title
Data type
Indicator description
Sources
Non-EOS
World Bank/International
Finance Corporation, Doing
Business 2016: Measuring
Regulatory Quality and
Efficiency, http://www.
doingbusiness.org/
2015
Time required
to start a
business
Non-EOS
World Bank/International
Finance Corporation, Doing
Business 2016: Measuring
Regulatory Quality and
Efficiency, http://www.
doingbusiness.org/
2015
Cost of
bankruptcy
proceedings
Non-EOS
World Bank/International
Finance Corporation, Doing
Business 2016: Measuring
Regulatory Quality and
Efficiency, http://www.
doingbusiness.org/
2015
Strength of
insolvency
framework
Non-EOS
World Bank/International
Finance Corporation, Doing
Business 2016: Measuring
Regulatory Quality and
Efficiency, http://www.
doingbusiness.org/
2015
Attitudes
toward
entrepreneurial
risk
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Growth of
innovative
companies
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Willingness
to delegate
authority
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Non-EOS
International
Telecommunication
Union (ITU), World
Telecommunication/ICT
Indicators Database 2016
(20th edition/June 2016)
2015
Stage of
clusters
development
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Collaboration
inside
company
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Collaboration
between
companies
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Title
Data type
Indicator description
Sources
Universityindustry
collaboration
in R&D
EOS
20152016
weighted average
20152016
weighted average
Encouragement EOS
of idea
generation
Exposure to
new ideas
EOS
20152016
weighted average
ICTs and
business
model
creations
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Companies
embracing
disruptive
ideas
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Number of
scientific and
technical
articles
Non-EOS
2013
Patent
application
Non-EOS
20122013
average
Company
spending on
R&D
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Buyer
sophistication
EOS
20152016
weighted average
International
brands
EOS
20152016
weighted average
Trademark
application
Non-EOS
2014
Capacity to
commercialize
new products
EOS
20152016
weighted average
CHAPTER 1.3
NUMBER OF ECONOMIES
Collected
NUMBER OF SURVEYS
14,723
surveys collected
141economies
surveyed
SAMPLE SIZE
Maximum
13,877
135
surveys
retained*
economies
with enough
valid responses*
3rd quartile
Administration method
Online (42.8%)
Paper (57.2%)
Repeat (34.9%)
New (61.5%)
Not available (3.6%)
109
Average
102.8
Median
95
1st quartile
78
Minimum
32: Norway
Croatian*
Hungarian
Macedonian
Serbian
Arabic*
Czech*
Italian
Mongolian
Slovak*
Armenian
Danish
Japanese
Montenegrin
Slovenian*
Azeri
English*
Khmer
Persian*
Spanish*
Bosnian
Estonian*
Korean
Polish*
Thai
Bulgarian
French*
Lao
Portuguese*
Turkish*
Chinese*
German*
Latvian*
Romanian
Vietnamese
Chinese traditional*
Greek*
Lithuanian*
Russian*
3 largest
samples
Geographic coverage
Some countries have been reinstated in the 2016 edition
of the Survey after one or more years of exclusion.
These are Barbados and Yemen (last included in 2014)
and Brunei Darussalam (last included in 2013). For
the first time ever, the Survey was administered in the
Democratic Republic of Congo. However, it was not
completed to minimum requirements in Haiti, Seychelles,
and Suriname. For this reason, these economies are not
included in this years edition of the Report (Figure2).
SURVEY STRUCTURE, ADMINISTRATION, AND
METHODOLOGY
The Survey is divided into 15 sections:
I. About Your Company
II. Most Problematic Factors for Doing
Business
III. Infrastructure
IV. Technology
V. Financial Environment
VI. Foreign Trade and Investment
VII. Domestic Competition
VIII. Business Operations and Innovation
IX. Security
X. Governance
XI. Education and Human Capital
XII. Health
XIII. Travel and Tourism
XIV. Environment
XV. Risks
Period 2
Survey edition
No. of respondents
Weight (%)*
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2014
2015
2015
2014
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
64
96
96
75
113
101
88
50
56
48
65
67
163
55
104
81
197
New in 2016
115
94
78
100
98
New in 2016
81
83
139
364
162
114
83
80
62
95
128
77
116
100
84
88
92
50
101
37
91
49
149
100
86
76
103
63
47
87
236
98
265
43
30
91
82
91
114
93
104
100
50
101
75
40.1
42.4
44.6
44.7
47.7
43.8
46.7
38.0
39.4
44.5
48.0
45.0
49.2
48.4
44.1
42.6
50.3
2015
2014
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2014
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2014
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
44.9
44.7
47.7
45.6
40.9
45.0
42.4
40.1
45.3
45.3
49.5
45.5
44.2
44.4
43.6
46.9
44.8
47.9
53.6
51.3
44.9
45.4
45.8
45.9
46.4
44.9
46.1
49.6
45.0
45.7
44.1
46.4
41.7
43.7
45.1
43.5
46.6
50.0
46.5
33.6
41.4
47.3
41.6
46.5
44.2
43.9
45.0
42.9
45.1
40.5
Survey edition
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2015
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2015
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
No. of respondents
Weight (%)*
Online (%)
95
118
99
77
91
111
77
89
88
50
51
67
116
42
112
98
128
80
116
96
63
95
137
97
81
102
206
355
158
79
80
85
65
106
110
78
92
49
50
89
89
47
94
33
92
45
103
100
81
82
92
82
52
86
266
86
176
38
80
122
68
120
101
99
114
100
59
100
108
59.9
57.6
55.4
55.3
52.3
56.2
53.3
62.0
60.6
55.5
52.0
55.0
50.8
51.6
55.9
57.4
49.7
100.0
55.1
55.3
52.3
54.4
59.1
100.0
55.0
57.6
59.9
54.7
54.7
50.5
54.5
55.8
55.6
56.4
53.1
55.2
52.1
46.4
48.7
55.1
54.6
54.2
54.1
53.6
55.1
53.9
50.4
55.0
54.3
55.9
53.6
58.3
56.3
54.9
56.5
53.4
50.0
53.5
66.4
58.6
52.7
58.4
53.5
55.8
56.1
55.0
57.1
54.9
59.5
0.8
100.0
17.6
49.5
60.0
100.0
100.0
49.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
21.0
95.1
75.9
98.7
84.7
100.0
100.0
n/a
100.0
100.0
100.0
88.3
9.1
100.0
88.3
3.0
93.8
1.2
n/a
100.0
1.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
7.5
4.0
55.9
(Contd.)
Period 2
Survey edition
No. of respondents
Weight (%)*
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2014
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2014
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2014
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2014
2015
2015
77
92
97
80
118
49
81
85
52
101
87
53
87
60
311
129
81
84
93
90
75
95
83
46
36
102
40
79
114
136
73
91
130
214
190
104
107
276
107
107
90
99
98
165
73
99
50
84
100
68
70
108
101
96
110
145
88
83
96
105
157
84
458
88
56
120
53
80
52
43.2
46.9
46.9
46.8
44.7
42.1
44.7
45.1
43.9
45.0
43.5
40.9
43.8
45.6
45.3
45.3
45.2
43.7
43.5
42.5
44.5
44.5
46.3
47.1
36.7
44.5
47.8
42.2
36.3
46.6
44.0
45.4
50.4
45.5
43.2
42.2
45.8
44.3
43.6
46.4
43.8
45.0
45.1
46.5
40.1
46.9
46.6
42.3
45.0
47.9
51.0
43.1
46.3
44.7
41.3
47.8
44.0
45.3
45.1
44.9
49.3
46.8
44.3
44.9
42.2
47.3
45.5
45.5
45.0
Survey edition
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2015
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
2016
No. of respondents
Weight (%)*
Online (%)
89
79
83
69
121
62
83
84
57
101
98
74
96
57
304
126
80
93
105
110
78
99
75
39
72
106
32
99
236
120
79
88
84
206
220
130
100
293
120
96
99
99
97
146
109
85
44
104
100
54
43
126
91
98
148
116
95
81
95
106
111
73
485
89
70
100
51
77
52
56.8
53.1
53.1
53.2
55.3
57.9
55.3
54.9
56.1
55.0
56.5
59.1
56.2
54.4
54.7
54.7
54.8
56.3
56.5
57.5
55.5
55.5
53.7
52.9
63.3
55.5
52.2
57.8
63.7
53.4
56.0
54.6
49.6
54.5
56.8
57.8
54.2
55.7
56.4
53.6
56.2
55.0
54.9
53.5
59.9
53.1
53.4
57.7
55.0
52.1
49.0
56.9
53.7
55.3
58.7
52.2
56.0
54.7
54.9
55.1
50.7
53.2
55.7
55.1
57.8
52.7
54.5
54.5
55.0
100.0
100.0
71.9
100.0
12.3
49.5
13.5
98.2
98.7
100.0
0.9
100.0
100.0
n/a
100.0
90.9
15.7
50.0
7.6
54.5
40.5
99.0
97.3
25.4
0.7
76.7
29.2
65.1
100.0
67.1
95.5
89.4
100.0
100.0
58.7
99.3
100.0
100.0
38.3
50.5
100.0
100.0
65.2
100.0
1.0
67.3
Note: All statistics are computed following the editing of the data; see text for details. n/a indicates that this information is not provided for economies for which 2016 data are not available;
indicates that there was no online administration of the Survey.
* Weight applied to the country score in that edition of the Survey. See Box 3 for details.
Share of surveys completed online (2016 only).
potential business executives from small- and mediumsized enterprises and large companiesfrom the various
sectors of activity, as detailed below. It then applies a dual
stratification procedure based on these two criteria of
company size and sector. Specifically, the Partner Institutes
are asked to carry out the following steps:
1. Prepare a sample frame, or large list of potential
respondents, which includes firms representing
the main sectors of the economy (agriculture,
manufacturing industry, non-manufacturing
industry, and services).
2. Separate the frame into two lists: one that
includes only large firms, and one that includes
all other firms (both lists representing the various
economic sectors).2
3. Based on these lists, and in view of reducing
survey bias, choose a new selection of these
firms from both lists to receive the Survey.
Furthermore, the sampling guidelines specify
that the Partner Institute should aim to collect a
combination of new respondents with some repeat
respondents for further comparative analysis.3 Finally,
the Partner Institutes are asked to collect Surveys from
all regions of the economy, again to better represent
the economy. The Survey is administered in a variety of
formats, including face-to-face or telephone interviews
with business executives, mailed paper forms, and
online surveys. For environmental, time, and cost
q i,c =
q
j
i,c,j
N i,c
where
qi,c,j is the answer to question i in country c from
respondent j; and
Ni,c is the number of respondents to question i in
country c.
Moving average and computation of country scores
As a final step, the country averages for 2016 are
combined with the 2015 averages to produce the
IQR
IQR
where
Q1 and Q3 correspond to the 25th and 75th
percentiles of the sample, respectively, and
IQR
is the difference between these two
values.
Eurasia (1,014)
Eurasia (1,014)
Europe (3,366)
Europe (3,366)
20
40
60
80
100
20
40
60
80
100
Note: Figures in parentheses represent the number of respondents in that region. See page xiii for group composition.
Being one of the most comprehensive, regular, and largescale exercises of its kind, the Executive Opinion Survey
allows us to monitor across time which areas businesses see
as particularly problematic for the economic competitiveness
of their countries. It is therefore an invaluable source that can
inform public-private dialogue at the national and regional
levels and help policymakers in prioritizing their efforts.
Figure 2 looks at the 2016 Executive Opinion Survey
results in a new, innovative way. Focusing exclusively on the
questions that feed into the Global Competitiveness Index,
the answers of each respondent have been normalized as the
distance (in percentage terms) from the respondent-specific
average. These distances have then been re-aggregated
through simple averages to form areas of analysis that, to the
extent possible, mirror the components and subcomponents
of the Global Competitiveness Index. Areas with a negative
distance are the ones that, on average, respondents in
the region have assessed as relatively more problematic.
Importantly, given this normalization, results do not indicate
the level of development of each element in the region. For
example, a score of 18 percent for the efficiency of the
financial market in Europe should not be compared with a
score of 17 percent in sub-Saharan Africa to conclude that
Figure 2: Businesses assessment of the drivers of competitiveness in their country, percent distance
from average score
East Asia and
the Pacific
Area
Property rights
Ethics and corruption
Undue influence
Public-sector performance
Security
Public institutions
Corporate ethics
Accountability
Private institutions
Institutions
Infrastructure
Eurasia
Latin America
and the
Caribbean
Europe
North
America
South Asia
Sub-Saharan
Africa
1.7%
7.1%
9.8%
9.8%
10.2%
1.9%
11.3%
17.0%
6.4%
20.4%
4.4%
10.1%
14.5%
19.1%
17.9%
5.3%
27.3%
24.8%
19.0%
0.4%
6.0%
2.5%
6.2%
7.7%
19.3%
7.4%
9.1%
11.4%
9.9%
3.5%
1.7%
8.6%
6.3%
4.9%
4.6%
6.4%
12.6%
9.2%
1.2%
15.2%
3.0%
3.3%
5.1%
3.1%
0.6%
7.3%
4.2%
3.0%
7.9%
13.0%
11.8%
21.9%
1.9%
1.5%
6.7%
5.3%
4.3%
7.3%
2.5%
0.1%
8.7%
0.2%
0.9%
14.8%
1.1%
3.5%
2.6%
5.6%
4.4%
1.9%
4.3%
7.2%
2.0%
1.5%
2.5%
8.4%
2.5%
3.5%
0.8%
1.7%
3.2%
1.6%
9.3%
0.9%
2.9%
7.0%
5.7%
13.2%
Quality of education
1.4%
8.6%
4.0%
5.1%
0.7%
0.4%
1.9%
4.3%
On-the-job training
1.8%
4.2%
2.6%
8.7%
2.2%
1.2%
1.5%
5.8%
1.6%
6.4%
3.3%
1.8%
1.5%
0.8%
1.7%
0.8%
2.1%
1.7%
1.3%
3.0%
4.0%
10.2%
1.5%
16.2%
0.3%
2.5%
5.2%
3.0%
2.1%
5.8%
4.4%
14.0%
Competition
Quality of demand conditions
Goods market efficiency
0.2%
0.9%
3.0%
7.1%
1.4%
4.1%
3.9%
9.1%
2.2%
6.2%
1.9%
3.4%
2.2%
2.6%
1.7%
3.7%
0.6%
2.7%
1.4%
5.9%
1.7%
3.6%
3.2%
4.9%
3.6%
16.8%
5.0%
6.1%
6.4%
3.9%
7.7%
19.2%
2.8%
7.6%
13.1%
1.8%
10.2%
3.5%
2.6%
2.9%
0.4%
4.6%
8.9%
2.1%
2.1%
0.1%
2.4%
8.1%
Flexibility
Efficiency
7.7%
22.1%
18.0%
9.5%
12.8%
4.4%
5.5%
17.0%
8.7%
10.5%
4.3%
36.1%
10.4%
7.2%
10.7%
10.1%
0.6%
16.4%
6.8%
13.2%
1.2%
1.4%
2.5%
3.5%
Technological adoption
8.6%
10.5%
15.9%
20.8%
9.9%
10.0%
5.7%
9.7%
Business sophistication
0.9%
1.9%
1.7%
4.4%
1.2%
3.1%
0.4%
2.6%
Innovation
5.0%
5.9%
6.9%
9.7%
8.2%
0.8%
4.6%
6.8%
Note: White bars indicate a positive score, black bars indicate a negative score. See page xiii for group composition.
q i,c
2015
wc
2015
q i,c
2016
wc
2016
q i,c
(1)
where
t
q i,c is country cs score on question i in year t, with t = 2015, 2016, as computed following the approach
(1)
w
2015
c
2015
c
2015
c2016
c
(2a)and
2016
c
2016
c
2015
c2016
c
(2b)
where N c is the sample size (i.e., the number of respondents) for country c in year t, with t = 2015, 2016. a is a discount factor.
Its value is set at 0.6. That is, the 2015 score of country c is given 2/3 of the weight given to the 2016 score.
Plugging Equations (2a) and (2b) into (1) and rearranging yields:
2015
2016
1
1
(1) q i,c q i,c
2
2
N c2015
N c2016
2015
2016 . (3)
2015
q i,c
2016 q i,c
N c N c
N c N c2016
2015
q i,c201516
In Equation (3), the first component of the weighting scheme is the discounted-past weighted average. The second component
is the sample-size weighted average. The two components are given half-weight each. One additional characteristic of this
approach is that it prevents a country sample that is much larger in one year from overwhelming the smaller sample from the
other year.
The formula is easily generalized. For any two consecutive editions t1 and t2 of the Survey, country cs final score on
question i is computed as follows:
q i,ct t
1
N ct
N ct
t
t
t
t
1
1
(1) q i,c q i,c
q i,c t
q i,c . (4)
t
t
2
2
N c N c
N c N ct
(Contd.)
2016
This is the final score used in the computation of the GCI. Although numbers are rounded to two decimal places in this
example and to one decimal place in the Paraguay country profile, exact figures are used in all calculations.
REFERENCE
Browne, C., A. Di Battista, T. Geiger, and T. Gutknecht. 2014. The
Executive Opinion Survey: The Voice of the Business Community.
The Global Competitiveness Report 20142015. Geneva: World
Economic Forum. 8596.
Part 2
Country/Economy Profiles
The Country/Economy Profiles section presents a twopage profile for each of the 138 economies covered in
The Global Competitiveness Report 20162017.
Australia 22 nd / 138
Key Indicators, 2015
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
24.0
Population (millions)
1223.9
50961.9
1.00
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
5.2
Rank
20 / 144
21 / 148
22 / 144
21 / 140
22 / 138
15
5.8
Score
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.2
19
5.3
17
5.6
23
10
PAGE 1
Key indicators
The first section presents a selection of key indicators
for the economy under review. All data in this section
are for 2015 and sourced from the April 2016 edition of
the International Monetary Fund (IMF)s World Economic
Outlook (WEO) Database.
22
5.3
5.9
27
4.8
28
4.7
5.4
24
5.7
22
5.1
27
4.6
28
4.7
26
4.5
12th pillar:
Innovation
6.6
1st pillar:
Institutions
5.7
13
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
7th pillar:
Labor market
eciency
Australia
eight)a gain of almost 30 places over the past three years. Despite the
prolonged commodity bust, Australias performance in the macroeconomic
situation (23rd, up ve) is strong, with the government reducing the scal
decit to less than 3 percent. Innovation represents Australias challenge
and imperative in the face of low commodity prices and Chinas slowdown.
In both business sophistication (28th, down one) and innovation (26th, down
three), Australia not only lags far behind the best performers but also loses
ground to them.
score
0
12
18
102 | The
Global Competitiveness
Report 20162017Index in detail
The
Global
Competitiveness
Australia
Value
Trend
Rank / 138
19
5.3
15
18
15
23
17
10
22
52
77
27
28
23
55
45
34
11
13
13
12
24
63
5.9
5.8
5.6
4.5
6.1
6.2
4.2
3.5
3.4
4.7
4.4
5.1
5.4
5.1
5.6
6.3
5.6
6.1
6.0
5.0
5.7
17
5.6
33
40
36
36
37
7
22
36
24
4.8
4.8
4.0
4.9
5.3
4841.0
6.4
132.8
38.0
23
5.7
59
55
1
43
11
-2.8
22.2
1.5
36.8
10
6.6
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
17
14
1
24
17
8
14
37
6.4
6.7
0.2
6.4
3.0
82.3
5.5
97.4
5.9
3
8
14
24
17
6
14
21
137.6
86.6
5.2
4.9
5.4
6.0
5.8
4.9
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country and to
rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
PAGE 2
6th pillar:
Goods market
eciency
20.2
17.3
11.6
10.3
7.7
6.4
6.3
6.1
5.0
3.9
2.3
1.7
1.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
5
4
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
Performance overview
This section details the economys performance on the
main components of the Global Competitiveness Index
(GCI). The table on the upper left of this section shows
the evolution in the economys overall GCI rank and
score since the 20122013 edition (or the earliest edition
available). On the right-hand side, a chart shows the
economys performance in the 12 pillars of the GCI (blue
line) measured against the regions average scores. See
page xiii for group composition. For selected economies,
a brief commentary of the performance appears at the
bottom part of this section.
10th pillar:
Market size
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
Value
27
4.8
7
53
34
96
100
11
6
13
22
37
12
49
24
127
20
33
5.9
3.8
4.2
3.3
47.6
3
2.5
4.7
4.9
2.1
5.6
4.8
5.1
21.4
5.5
3.8
28
4.7
54
111
118
43
111
26
12
26
19
54
4.6
4.3
3.1
11.7
3.3
4.7
6.0
4.5
4.7
0.86
5.4
24
39
15
14
44
5
8
4
5.1
4.3
5.1
5.1
3.2
6.5
5.9
11
24
5.7
26
25
39
24
26
44
10
5.7
5.4
4.8
84.6
27.9
81.6
112.9
22
5.1
20
36
19
116
5.0
5.3
1138.1
19.3
28
4.7
77
17
43
25
50
33
25
23
17
4.4
5.4
4.0
4.8
4.1
4.3
5.2
5.1
4.9
26
4.5
22
12
24
33
63
17
22
5.1
5.7
4.5
4.3
3.3
5.0
76.2
Trend
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed denitions,
sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
2: Country/Economy Profiles
Country/Economy
Country/Economy
Page
Country/Economy
Page
Albania
Page
94
Germany
186
New Zealand
278
Algeria
96
Ghana
188
Nicaragua
280
Argentina
98
Greece
190
Nigeria
282
Armenia
100
Guatemala
192
Norway
284
Australia
102
Honduras
194
Oman
286
Austria
104
196
Pakistan
288
Azerbaijan
106
Hungary
198
Panama
290
Bahrain
108
Iceland
200
Paraguay
292
Bangladesh
110
India
202
Peru
294
Barbados
112
Indonesia
204
Philippines
296
Belgium
114
206
Poland
298
Benin
116
Ireland
208
Portugal
300
Bhutan
118
Israel
210
Qatar
302
Bolivia
120
Italy
212
Romania
304
122
Jamaica
214
Russian Federation
306
Botswana
124
Japan
216
Rwanda
308
Brazil
126
Jordan
218
Saudi Arabia
310
Brunei Darussalam
128
Kazakhstan
220
Senegal
312
Bulgaria
130
Kenya
222
Serbia
314
Burundi
132
Korea, Rep.
224
Sierra Leone
316
Cambodia
134
Kuwait
226
Singapore
318
Cameroon
136
Kyrgyz Republic
228
Slovak Republic
320
Canada
138
Lao PDR
230
Slovenia
322
Cape Verde
140
Latvia
232
South Africa
324
Chad
142
Lebanon
234
Spain
326
Chile
144
Lesotho
236
Sri Lanka
328
China
146
Liberia
238
Sweden
330
Colombia
148
Lithuania
240
Switzerland
332
150
Luxembourg
242
Taiwan, China
334
Costa Rica
152
Macedonia, FYR
244
Tajikistan
336
Cte d'Ivoire
154
Madagascar
246
Tanzania
338
Croatia
156
Malawi
248
Thailand
340
Cyprus
158
Malaysia
250
342
Czech Republic
160
Mali
252
Tunisia
344
Denmark
162
Malta
254
Turkey
346
Dominican Republic
164
Mauritania
256
Uganda
348
Ecuador
166
Mauritius
258
Ukraine
350
Egypt
168
Mexico
260
352
El Salvador
170
Moldova
262
United Kingdom
354
Estonia
172
Mongolia
264
United States
356
Ethiopia
174
Montenegro
266
Uruguay
358
Finland
176
Morocco
268
Venezuela
360
France
178
Mozambique
270
Vietnam
362
Gabon
180
Namibia
272
Yemen
364
Gambia, The
182
Nepal
274
Zambia
366
Georgia
184
Netherlands
276
Zimbabwe
368
Albania 80
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
2.9
Population (millions)
11.5
3995.4
0.03
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
80
4.1
Rank
89 / 144
95 / 148
97 / 144
93 / 140
80 / 138
74
4.5
Score
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.9
4.1
76
3.8
91
3.5
93
4.3
33
6.3
86
3.9
42
4.9
69
4.3
98
3.9
94
3.6
82
3.7
109
2.9
106
3.3
94
3.7
109
3.0
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Albania
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
23.6
21.3
11.3
10.1
8.9
6.6
5.6
4.5
2.4
2.4
1.9
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.0
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Albania
Rank / 138
Value
76
119
118
84
81
66
125
72
64
11
120
109
45
56
66
94
45
43
95
82
57
8
3.8
3.5
3.3
3.2
2.8
4.0
2.6
3.0
3.3
4.6
2.8
2.8
4.5
5.4
4.8
4.3
5.0
4.3
4.2
4.7
4.2
7.3
91
3.5
68
56
105
62
68
124
82
89
97
4.1
4.4
1.4
4.2
4.4
19.4
4.5
106.4
7.1
93
4.3
87
85
1
104
80
-4.0
16.8
1.9
71.9
33
6.3
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
44
40
1
28
69
38
22
63
42
61
41
34
37
60
30
90
72
19.0
6.2
<0.1
6.3
12.5
77.8
5.1
95.5
4.9
96.4
62.7
4.5
4.7
4.3
5.2
4.1
3.9
Trend
Value
69
116
124
112
126
66
54
28
15
81
39
107
59
86
49
29
91
4.3
4.5
2.9
3.1
2.8
36.5
6
5.5
4.7
4.3
2.4
3.9
4.8
3.7
51.7
5.3
3.1
98
29
94
50
92
116
40
82
117
119
97
94
110
92
138
106
124
64
103
28
82
104
77
43
61
78
79
83
109
Rank / 138
3.9
5.1
4.7
4.0
20.8
3.1
4.4
4.0
2.7
2.4
0.68
3.6
3.6
3.5
1.5
3.2
2.1
5.0
3.7
7
3.7
4.1
4.4
4.7
63.3
7.6
30.7
40.6
2.9
106
107
111
62
2.6
3.7
32.6
35.8
94
70
93
121
80
125
122
62
70
68
3.7
4.5
4.0
3.0
3.3
3.1
2.9
3.9
4.4
3.8
109
62
130
104
104
22
126
90
Trend
3.0
4.2
2.5
2.9
3.0
3.9
3.1
0.2
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Algeria 87
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
39.9
Population (millions)
172.3
4318.1
0.51
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
110 / 144
100 / 148
79 / 144
87 / 140
87 / 138
88
4.3
Score
3.7
3.8
4.1
4.0
4.0
99
3.5
100
3.3
63
4.8
73
5.7
110
3.6
96
3.9
133
3.5
132
3.2
132
2.9
108
3.1
36
4.7
119
3.1
121
3.3
112
2.9
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Algeria
2013-14
4.0
2012-13
87
Edition
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
17.5
13.7
13.3
6.5
6.2
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.3
4.6
4.5
2.5
2.2
0.6
0.5
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Algeria
Value
99
117
108
81
83
101
94
70
75
86
67
75
127
102
71
80
60
107
135
136
100
133
3.5
3.6
3.4
3.3
2.8
3.3
3.4
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.6
3.4
3.2
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.7
3.4
3.1
3.4
3.7
3.3
100
3.3
101
96
57
105
117
64
92
77
89
3.3
3.2
3.0
3.2
3.2
233.2
4.0
113.0
8.0
63
4.8
135
10
99
4
70
-15.3
34.6
4.8
8.7
73
5.7
11
45
86
125
1
113
93
65
102
40
0.1
4.5
78.0
4.0
0.1
4.3
21.9
74.8
3.3
97.3
96
3.9
46
78
85
99
127
124
120
131
99.9
34.6
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.1
3.6
3.1
Trend
Value
133
136
87
113
92
135
126
103
112
125
127
132
135
114
85
130
90
3.5
3.8
3.4
3.1
3.4
72.7
12
20.0
3.2
3.6
13.8
3.1
3.0
3.4
36.0
3.7
3.1
132
3.2
115
113
111
74
89
122
135
116
125
136
3.8
4.3
3.3
17.3
3.7
3.3
3.0
2.7
2.2
0.24
132
2.9
131
95
124
122
85
123
129
108
108
125
128
121
95
84
80
85
36
Rank / 138
3.1
3.5
2.5
2.9
2.6
3.6
3.0
2
3.1
3.7
3.6
3.6
38.2
5.6
30.1
40.1
4.7
33
43
33
102
4.6
5.1
578.7
24.0
121
108
130
115
93
109
112
108
125
124
3.3
4.0
3.4
3.1
3.1
3.4
3.0
3.2
3.7
3.1
112
2.9
112
99
113
120
105
81
94
Trend
3.7
3.4
2.8
2.7
2.9
3.8
0.2
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Argentina 104
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
43.1
Population (millions)
585.6
13588.8
0.86
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
94 / 144
104 / 148
104 / 144
106 / 140
104 / 138
110
3.9
Score
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
130
3.0
85
3.7
130
2.9
63
5.9
82
3.9
40
5.0
135
3.3
130
3.3
127
3.0
69
4.1
28
4.9
87
3.5
88
3.7
81
3.2
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Argentina
2013-14
3.8
2012-13
104
Edition
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
23.1
15.9
11.7
11.2
7.5
5.9
5.8
4.9
3.9
3.1
2.6
1.5
1.1
0.8
0.7
0.2
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Argentina
Rank / 138
Value
130
125
103
128
129
107
121
131
134
132
119
119
124
51
115
106
122
132
113
92
129
49
3.0
3.2
3.6
2.2
1.7
3.1
2.8
2.0
1.5
2.2
2.8
2.7
3.3
5.5
3.5
4.2
3.0
2.7
3.8
4.6
3.3
6.0
85
3.7
109
103
87
79
87
32
119
28
43
3.1
3.1
2.1
3.8
4.1
924.5
2.7
143.9
24.0
130
2.9
121
93
n/a
82
115
-7.4
15.6
n/a
56.5
63
5.9
1
2
53
30
85
62
63
51
95
13
0.0
6.7
24.0
6.4
0.5
5.7
11.1
76.2
3.4
99.0
40
5.0
29
16
93
111
39
78
43
81
106.3
80.0
3.3
3.2
4.7
4.1
4.8
3.8
Trend
Value
135
122
94
126
135
138
134
107
100
127
119
86
126
135
138
104
64
3.3
4.4
3.4
2.8
2.1
137.4
14
25.0
3.3
3.4
11.1
4.3
3.5
2.4
13.2
4.2
3.5
130
3.3
121
133
133
123
131
105
59
57
104
94
3.7
3.0
2.4
30.3
2.7
3.5
4.5
3.7
2.6
0.69
127
3.0
133
126
109
117
120
85
124
108
69
114
104
133
50
54
67
46
28
Rank / 138
3.0
2.8
2.8
3.0
2.2
4.5
3.2
2
4.1
3.9
4.1
3.1
69.4
16.1
46.1
67.3
4.9
24
50
25
131
4.9
5.0
972.0
12.0
88
105
112
103
101
83
100
72
50
93
3.7
4.1
3.7
3.2
3.0
3.7
3.2
3.7
4.6
3.5
81
74
33
91
71
122
94
71
Trend
3.2
4.1
4.6
3.0
3.4
2.6
3.7
1.2
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Armenia 79
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
3.0
Population (millions)
10.6
3534.9
0.02
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
79
4.1
Rank
82 / 144
79 / 148
85 / 144
82 / 140
79 / 138
83
4.4
Score
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.1
66
4.0
82
3.8
88
4.3
93
5.4
80
4.0
71
4.4
45
4.6
55
4.4
90
3.7
71
4.0
120
2.7
81
3.5
81
3.8
87
3.2
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
Armenia
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Eurasia
15.3
11.3
10.6
10.5
10.1
8.9
7.9
6.8
6.1
3.7
3.3
2.8
1.3
0.9
0.3
0.1
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Armenia
Rank / 138
Value
66
66
84
70
65
65
101
61
77
42
68
80
48
33
27
57
67
70
66
81
88
49
4.0
4.3
3.8
3.5
3.1
4.0
3.2
3.2
3.0
3.7
3.6
3.2
4.5
5.8
5.4
5.1
4.4
3.9
4.6
4.7
3.8
6.0
82
3.8
58
81
66
122
67
103
72
72
59
4.3
3.8
2.7
2.4
4.4
45.4
4.8
115.1
18.4
88
4.3
103
88
69
68
87
-4.9
16.4
3.7
46.6
93
5.4
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
67
71
1
38
71
68
66
125
71
60
64
68
42
116
69
84
109
45.0
5.7
0.2
6.1
12.6
74.7
4.1
84.1
4.4
96.6
44.3
3.7
4.6
3.6
4.2
4.1
3.5
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
45
91
51
77
48
12
3
9
52
36
64
103
88
95
62
52
58
4.6
4.8
3.9
3.6
3.9
19.9
2
3.0
4.0
4.7
4.6
4.1
4.3
3.6
45.4
4.9
3.5
55
39
34
19
39
62
60
89
109
102
82
90
99
87
119
71
73
80
85
68
71
75
90
77
65
70
52
81
120
4.4
4.7
5.4
4.6
11.0
4.0
4.1
3.9
2.8
2.7
0.77
3.7
3.8
3.6
2.6
3.9
2.8
4.6
4.0
5
4.0
4.6
4.3
4.3
58.2
9.6
67.9
41.3
2.7
118
121
118
95
2.4
3.4
25.3
28.1
81
89
87
98
49
88
84
75
111
105
3.8
4.3
4.1
3.3
3.9
3.6
3.4
3.7
3.9
3.4
87
63
100
92
92
93
52
57
Trend
3.2
4.2
3.4
3.0
3.2
2.9
4.2
2.8
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Australia 22
Key Indicators, 2015
nd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
24.0
Population (millions)
1223.9
50961.9
1.00
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
22
5.2
Rank
20 / 144
21 / 148
22 / 144
21 / 140
22 / 138
15
5.8
Score
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.2
19
5.3
17
5.6
23
5.7
10
6.6
13
5.3
5.9
27
4.8
28
4.7
5.4
24
5.7
22
5.1
27
4.6
28
4.7
26
4.5
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Australia
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
eight)a gain of almost 30 places over the past three years. Despite the
prolonged commodity bust, Australias performance in the macroeconomic
situation (23rd, up ve) is strong, with the government reducing the scal
decit to less than 3 percent. Innovation represents Australias challenge and
imperative in the face of low commodity prices and Chinas slowdown. In
both business sophistication (28th, down one) and innovation (26th, down
three), Australia not only lags far behind the best performers but also loses
ground to them.
20.2
17.3
11.6
10.3
7.7
6.4
6.3
6.1
5.0
3.9
2.3
1.7
1.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Australia
Value
19
15
18
15
23
17
10
22
52
77
27
28
23
55
45
34
11
13
13
12
24
63
5.3
5.9
5.8
5.6
4.5
6.1
6.2
4.2
3.5
3.4
4.7
4.4
5.1
5.4
5.1
5.6
6.3
5.6
6.1
6.0
5.0
5.7
17
5.6
33
40
36
36
37
7
22
36
24
4.8
4.8
4.0
4.9
5.3
4841.0
6.4
132.8
38.0
23
5.7
59
55
1
43
11
-2.8
22.2
1.5
36.8
10
6.6
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
17
14
1
24
17
8
14
37
9
3
8
14
24
17
6
14
21
6.4
6.7
0.2
6.4
3.0
82.3
5.5
97.4
5.9
137.6
86.6
5.2
4.9
5.4
6.0
5.8
4.9
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
27
7
53
34
96
100
11
6
13
22
37
12
49
24
127
20
33
4.8
5.9
3.8
4.2
3.3
47.6
3
2.5
4.7
4.9
2.1
5.6
4.8
5.1
21.4
5.5
3.8
28
54
111
118
43
111
26
12
26
19
54
6
24
39
15
14
44
5
8
4
24
26
25
39
24
26
44
10
22
4.7
4.6
4.3
3.1
11.7
3.3
4.7
6.0
4.5
4.7
0.86
5.4
5.1
4.3
5.1
5.1
3.2
6.5
5.9
11
5.7
5.7
5.4
4.8
84.6
27.9
81.6
112.9
5.1
20
36
19
116
5.0
5.3
1138.1
19.3
28
77
17
43
25
50
33
25
23
17
4.7
4.4
5.4
4.0
4.8
4.1
4.3
5.2
5.1
4.9
26
22
12
24
33
63
17
22
Trend
4.5
5.1
5.7
4.5
4.3
3.3
5.0
76.2
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Austria 19
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
8.6
Population (millions)
374.1
43724.0
0.36
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
19
5.2
Rank
16 / 144
16 / 148
21 / 144
23 / 140
19 / 138
18
5.7
Score
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.1
5.2
20
5.2
14
5.8
31
5.5
20
6.4
22
5.0
12
5.8
25
4.9
40
4.5
34
4.5
23
5.7
43
4.5
11
5.3
5.5
14
5.0
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Austria
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
23.6
21.2
19.8
13.1
6.5
4.3
4.0
2.5
2.1
1.3
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.0
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Austria
Value
20
13
17
30
29
19
26
36
54
50
23
24
20
35
22
20
17
19
12
6
16
36
5.2
5.9
5.8
4.7
4.2
5.9
5.4
3.9
3.4
3.7
4.8
4.6
5.3
5.8
5.5
6.0
6.2
5.4
6.1
6.1
5.2
6.3
14
5.8
9
8
12
74
35
45
12
17
17
5.9
6.0
5.3
3.9
5.3
516.6
6.6
157.4
42.2
31
5.5
37
40
1
116
14
-1.6
25.8
0.8
86.2
20
6.4
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
25
5
76
8
13
19
29
26
12
52
15
32
30
30
26
7
11
7.8
6.8
0.4
6.7
2.9
81.3
4.9
98.1
5.8
99.3
80.0
4.5
4.8
5.1
5.3
5.9
5.2
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
25
23
7
20
120
114
94
105
33
26
5
44
21
18
45
5
40
4.9
5.6
5.2
4.8
2.9
51.7
8
22.0
4.4
4.8
1.0
5.0
5.4
5.2
53.7
5.9
3.8
40
8
137
121
3
133
32
23
24
34
38
34
20
7
25
19
46
65
43
68
23
18
20
46
25
23
39
43
43
4.5
5.7
2.2
3.0
2.0
2.7
4.6
5.5
4.6
4.0
0.89
4.5
5.3
5.3
4.7
4.8
3.1
5.0
4.8
5
5.7
6.1
5.4
4.6
83.9
28.6
90.5
68.6
4.5
45
33
45
26
4.3
5.3
404.3
56.2
8
6
3
19
4
4
10
5
18
22
5.5
5.5
6.0
4.8
6.2
5.8
5.1
6.1
5.2
4.7
14
5.0
7
22
19
15
61
27
11
Trend
5.6
5.3
4.9
4.8
3.4
4.7
170.1
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Azerbaijan 37
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
9.4
Population (millions)
54.0
5739.4
0.15
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
37
4.6
Rank
46 / 144
39 / 148
38 / 144
40 / 140
37 / 138
49
4.9
Score
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.6
48
4.2
55
4.3
39
5.2
75
5.7
59
4.2
78
4.2
50
4.5
26
4.8
97
3.5
55
4.5
63
3.9
49
3.8
60
4.0
44
3.6
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
Azerbaijan
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Eurasia
16.6
10.3
10.3
9.7
9.2
8.7
8.1
7.0
6.0
4.4
2.7
2.2
2.1
1.7
0.6
0.3
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Azerbaijan
Value
48
71
71
60
35
79
85
43
53
17
43
49
41
32
20
39
75
47
91
96
64
36
4.2
4.2
4.1
3.7
4.0
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.5
4.3
4.2
3.8
4.6
5.8
5.5
5.5
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.6
4.1
6.3
55
4.3
34
50
29
59
36
84
59
81
58
4.8
4.4
4.2
4.3
5.3
100.7
5.1
111.3
18.7
39
5.2
74
37
81
41
65
-3.4
26.6
4.0
36.1
75
5.7
1
14
85
80
1
69
101
94
81
68
0.0
5.8
77.0
5.4
0.1
5.6
27.9
70.8
3.8
95.2
78
4.2
32
94
72
80
89
56
69
82
102.8
23.2
3.7
3.9
3.9
4.5
4.3
3.8
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
50
115
74
72
51
78
3
9
41
71
89
80
84
85
97
63
31
4.5
4.5
3.6
3.6
3.9
39.8
2
3.0
4.2
4.4
7.7
4.4
4.4
3.8
33.2
4.7
3.9
26
50
30
22
97
61
34
77
37
27
18
97
51
52
84
101
48
98
88
108
55
53
49
38
33
45
74
54
63
4.8
4.6
5.5
4.5
21.7
4.0
4.5
4.1
4.1
4.3
0.93
3.5
4.5
4.0
3.4
3.3
3.1
4.3
4.0
2
4.5
5.0
4.8
4.8
77.0
19.8
35.1
60.9
3.9
64
65
63
66
3.7
4.6
169.4
35.0
60
80
61
69
68
56
42
46
71
76
4.0
4.4
4.4
3.7
3.5
3.9
4.0
4.3
4.4
3.6
44
42
68
38
54
14
41
80
Trend
3.6
4.4
3.9
3.8
3.6
4.2
4.4
0.5
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Bahrain 48
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
1.3
Population (millions)
30.4
23510.0
0.06
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
35 / 144
43 / 148
44 / 144
39 / 140
48 / 138
40
5.0
Score
4.6
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
25
5.0
32
5.0
113
3.9
34
6.2
40
4.5
44
4.9
22
5.0
35
4.6
43
4.3
37
5.2
92
3.2
42
4.0
33
4.4
45
3.6
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Bahrain
2013-14
4.5
2012-13
48
Edition
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
13.1
11.4
10.1
10.0
9.3
9.2
8.8
7.9
7.5
2.6
2.1
2.1
2.0
1.8
1.5
0.5
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Bahrain
Value
25
26
30
22
22
24
32
21
17
10
25
21
27
94
31
23
33
23
28
37
21
94
5.0
5.5
5.0
5.2
4.5
5.6
5.1
4.3
4.3
4.7
4.8
4.7
4.9
4.8
5.4
5.8
5.7
5.1
5.4
5.2
5.1
4.8
32
5.0
23
25
5.2
5.1
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
30
46
72
31
5
49
113
5.1
4.9
177.3
6.2
185.3
20.5
3.9
134
110
1
91
66
-15.1
12.9
1.8
63.3
34
6.2
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
37
58
1
56
39
48
36
47
44
51
75
25
29
34
39
35
26
14.0
5.9
<0.2
5.9
5.3
76.7
4.7
96.9
4.9
99.4
36.8
4.6
4.8
4.9
5.0
5.0
4.7
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
22
61
33
25
2
5
76
55
32
12
52
18
18
19
96
41
35
5.0
5.2
4.2
4.6
6.1
13.5
7
9.0
4.4
5.0
3.9
5.5
5.5
5.2
33.4
5.1
3.8
35
21
22
26
7
7
22
32
28
20
122
43
25
21
50
23
18
47
20
127
37
36
36
33
5
48
65
4
92
4.6
5.2
5.6
4.4
4.3
5.3
4.7
4.8
4.4
4.6
0.47
4.3
5.1
4.8
4.0
4.7
3.8
5.4
5.5
1
5.2
5.6
5.1
4.9
93.5
18.6
47.2
131.8
3.2
92
82
88
48
2.9
4.2
64.8
42.9
33
53
45
24
45
38
32
37
40
46
4.4
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.0
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.7
4.0
45
65
75
57
44
18
42
55
Trend
3.6
4.1
3.7
3.4
3.7
4.0
4.4
3.1
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Bangladesh 106
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
159.9
1286.9
205.7
0.51
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
109 / 144
107 / 140
106 / 138
105
4.0
Score
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.8
3.8
125
3.1
114
2.8
105
5.2
107
3.6
118
3.0
96
4.1
120
3.6
99
3.5
122
2.7
38
4.6
116
3.2
107
3.5
121
2.8
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
Bangladesh
2016-17
110 / 148
2015-16
118 / 144
4.8
2014-15
Rank
65
2013-14
3.8
2012-13
106
Edition
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
South Asia
20.4
16.5
9.8
9.6
8.5
4.6
4.4
4.1
4.0
3.9
3.6
3.6
3.1
1.6
1.5
0.9
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Bangladesh
Value
125
107
129
99
117
135
117
117
102
93
118
106
96
116
114
113
119
121
133
117
123
79
3.1
3.8
3.0
2.9
1.9
2.2
2.9
2.2
2.6
3.2
2.8
2.8
3.8
4.2
3.6
3.9
3.1
3.1
3.5
4.2
3.4
5.3
114
2.8
120
113
72
89
115
58
110
116
127
2.8
2.9
2.7
3.5
3.2
292.6
3.2
83.4
0.5
65
4.8
85
26
112
30
100
-3.9
28.4
6.4
34.0
105
5.2
38
19
118
76
1
50
104
89
109
103
440.0
5.6
227.0
5.5
0.1
6.0
30.7
71.6
3.1
90.0
118
3.0
110
109
84
106
110
120
127
124
58.3
13.4
3.5
3.4
3.7
3.2
3.4
3.3
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
96
71
122
120
62
44
108
102
24
56
125
113
74
116
124
110
80
4.1
5.1
3.0
3.0
3.7
31.6
9
19.5
4.4
4.5
13.5
3.8
4.5
3.3
23.4
4.1
3.3
120
3.6
91
69
35
125
41
83
104
97
100
120
99
86
113
65
96
119
115
112
46
122
112
93
112
126
98
115
120
38
4.2
5.0
4.3
31.0
4.3
3.7
3.7
3.0
2.8
0.54
3.5
4.0
3.2
3.7
3.4
2.2
3.9
3.5
6
2.7
4.0
4.2
3.7
14.4
2.4
6.2
13.5
4.6
34
54
34
123
4.6
4.8
576.5
16.6
107
47
78
77
136
110
104
82
89
134
3.5
4.7
4.2
3.6
2.1
3.4
3.1
3.6
4.2
2.6
121
113
120
118
132
117
72
113
Trend
2.8
3.7
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.7
3.9
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Barbados 72
Key Indicators, 2015
nd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
0.3
4.4
15773.6
0.00
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2016-17
Rank
44 / 144
47 / 148
55 / 144
72 / 138
58
4.7
Score
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.2
44
4.3
30
5.1
129
3.2
45
6.1
64
4.2
29
5.2
86
4.2
42
4.5
62
4.1
31
5.4
136
1.6
51
3.8
51
4.2
53
3.4
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Barbados
2013-14
4.2
2012-13
72
Edition
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
19.2
16.1
14.0
8.7
8.0
7.4
6.3
5.3
3.9
3.2
2.9
2.1
1.7
1.1
0.5
0.0
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Barbados
Rank / 138
Value
44
41
48
40
55
50
36
90
58
64
69
79
54
27
101
19
35
33
31
67
55
129
4.3
4.9
4.4
4.3
3.4
4.5
4.9
2.8
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.3
4.4
5.9
3.9
6.0
5.5
4.5
5.4
4.9
4.2
3.5
30
5.1
25
49
5.1
4.5
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
35
32
90
33
68
6
129
4.9
5.3
76.8
6.0
116.5
54.6
3.2
122
127
1
127
72
-7.7
8.4
0.5
103.0
45
6.1
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
1
62
102
109
67
58
10
97
29
20
36
22
20
36
54
45
46
0.9
5.9
0.9
4.5
12.0
75.5
5.6
91.0
5.2
109.2
65.4
4.7
5.2
4.8
4.5
4.7
4.2
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
86
68
115
67
86
59
94
94
84
43
129
16
63
90
47
111
52
4.2
5.2
3.1
3.7
3.4
34.7
8
18.0
3.6
4.6
14.2
5.5
4.7
3.7
52.2
4.1
3.6
42
76
87
104
70
74
104
48
36
25
21
62
76
77
98
113
112
24
56
28
31
37
47
34
35
32
10
64
136
4.5
4.3
4.8
3.3
16.0
3.8
3.5
4.6
4.2
4.3
0.93
4.1
4.1
3.6
3.1
3.0
2.3
5.8
4.6
7
5.4
5.5
4.8
4.9
76.1
27.2
247.5
54.9
1.6
136
133
135
46
1.2
2.7
4.6
43.3
51
76
51
70
23
54
54
57
76
58
4.2
4.4
4.5
3.7
4.9
4.0
3.8
4.0
4.3
3.8
53
85
76
93
83
100
63
25
Trend
3.4
3.9
3.7
3.0
3.3
2.9
4.0
51.9
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Belgium 17
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
11.3
Population (millions)
454.7
40106.6
0.43
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
17
5.3
Rank
17 / 144
17 / 148
18 / 144
19 / 140
17 / 138
24
5.6
Score
5.2
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.3
21
5.2
23
5.5
62
4.8
6.7
18
5.2
6.0
13
5.2
45
4.5
29
4.7
15
6.0
34
4.7
14
5.2
11
5.4
15
5.0
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Belgium
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
27.7
17.4
17.4
11.1
7.5
4.9
4.5
3.7
2.1
1.0
1.0
0.7
0.6
0.4
0.0
0.0
14
21
28
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Belgium
Value
21
21
11
17
15
22
17
19
60
89
38
23
31
87
48
45
26
15
20
17
22
57
5.2
5.7
6.0
5.5
4.8
5.8
5.7
4.5
3.3
3.2
4.5
4.6
4.8
4.8
5.1
5.4
5.9
5.6
5.7
5.9
5.0
5.8
23
5.5
26
35
17
6
19
37
27
71
22
5.1
4.9
4.9
6.3
5.7
671.1
6.2
115.7
40.1
62
4.8
58
52
1
129
21
-2.8
23.3
0.6
106.3
6.7
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
28
13
60
23
23
27
3
17
5
1
22
4
3
3
23
2
14
9.0
6.7
0.3
6.5
3.3
80.6
6.2
98.8
6.0
164.8
73.3
5.6
6.0
6.1
5.4
6.2
5.2
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
13
13
8
14
97
121
11
15
37
15
5
13
16
23
6
11
16
5.2
5.8
5.2
5.1
3.3
58.4
3
4.0
4.2
5.0
1.0
5.6
5.5
5.1
105.7
5.7
4.5
45
37
125
114
87
132
23
10
23
29
47
29
12
11
20
17
19
57
35
86
15
10
21
10
20
11
12
49
34
4.5
4.8
3.9
3.2
19.7
2.7
4.7
6.0
4.6
4.2
0.87
4.7
5.5
5.1
4.9
5.0
3.8
5.2
5.2
4
6.0
6.3
5.4
5.3
85.1
36.8
241.8
66.6
4.7
37
20
37
5
4.4
5.8
494.1
111.6
11
9
5
25
15
13
19
11
12
12
5.4
5.3
5.8
4.6
5.8
5.3
4.8
6.0
5.3
5.1
15
11
6
13
9
51
22
16
Trend
5.0
5.4
5.9
5.1
5.3
3.5
4.8
108.5
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Benin 124
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
10.9
Population (millions)
8.5
780.1
0.02
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2015-16
2016-17
124
3.5
Rank
119 / 144
130 / 148
122 / 140
124 / 138
122
3.6
Score
3.6
3.4
3.5
3.5
95
3.5
128
2.2
111
4.0
116
4.6
125
3.3
117
3.1
126
3.7
50
4.4
106
3.5
129
2.5
123
2.6
107
3.3
116
3.4
86
3.2
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Benin
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
21.4
19.8
16.5
7.4
7.4
4.9
4.6
3.3
2.7
2.6
2.2
1.9
1.8
1.3
1.1
1.0
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Value
95
105
83
104
82
132
96
66
68
81
77
81
114
97
82
103
86
97
126
75
108
117
3.5
3.8
3.8
2.9
2.8
2.5
3.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.5
3.2
3.5
4.7
4.3
4.2
4.1
3.5
3.6
4.8
3.6
4.0
128
2.2
127
114
100
85
118
127
134
113
115
2.4
2.9
1.6
3.7
3.2
15.0
1.7
85.6
1.8
111
4.0
123
86
44
45
119
-7.9
16.7
0.3
37.5
116
4.6
62 29249.5
62
3.4
78
61.0
128
3.9
106
1.1
125
3.9
129
64.2
125
59.5
120
2.9
62
95.9
117
114
108
131
102
103
122
65
123
3.1
54.4
15.4
2.4
3.5
3.8
3.2
4.3
3.4
Trend
Rank / 138
126
89
82
127
128
125
76
73
114
133
107
114
96
118
69
67
134
50
Value
4.4
4.1
5.4
3.6
11.6
3.8
3.3
3.4
2.8
2.9
0.97
106
3.5
105
114
79
130
129
95
110
46
129
126
103
127
131
111
126
136
123
3.7
3.1
3.4
2.6
2.0
4.4
3.6
6
2.5
3.6
4.1
3.3
6.8
0.7
3.0
4.2
2.6
122
124
122
96
2.4
3.3
22.9
25.9
116
116
86
99
94
95
121
137
86
126
3.4
3.9
4.1
3.3
3.0
3.5
2.9
2.4
4.2
3.1
34
78
97
98
83
104
121
Trend
3.7
4.8
3.5
2.7
2.7
63.3
7
12.0
3.2
3.2
9.9
3.7
4.2
3.3
40.8
4.7
2.2
101
33
83
42
75
116
124
111
97
8
86
Benin
3.2
4.7
3.7
3.0
3.1
3.1
3.5
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Bhutan 97
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
0.8
2.2
2843.4
0.01
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
109 / 148
103 / 144
105 / 140
97 / 138
90
4.3
Score
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.9
33
4.7
92
3.4
117
3.8
97
5.3
108
3.6
98
3.8
101
4.0
27
4.7
79
3.9
102
3.2
133
1.8
94
3.4
91
3.7
99
3.1
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
Bhutan
2014-15
3.9
2013-14
97
Edition
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
South Asia
17.0
13.7
11.5
10.3
8.2
7.8
5.9
5.5
5.5
5.1
3.3
3.0
1.4
0.7
0.7
0.4
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Bhutan
Value
33
44
46
27
25
41
38
38
15
48
26
39
56
44
18
15
34
34
60
63
49
96
4.7
4.7
4.5
4.8
4.4
4.8
4.8
3.8
4.5
3.7
4.8
4.0
4.3
5.7
5.7
6.1
5.5
4.5
4.8
5.0
4.2
4.7
92
3.4
78
80
3.9
3.8
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
134
104
135
41
111
109
117
1.9
3.7
3.1
5.8
87.1
2.8
3.8
50
61
119
131
112
-2.4
21.6
7.2
115.7
97
5.3
18
44
108
108
1
104
100
100
43
121
6.5
4.5
164.0
4.4
0.1
4.6
27.2
69.5
4.6
85.6
98
3.8
90
113
45
67
75
89
117
67
84.2
10.9
4.3
4.1
4.1
3.8
3.6
3.9
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
101
104
116
68
59
62
94
87
18
102
137
135
125
62
34
90
102
4.0
4.6
3.1
3.7
3.8
35.3
8
15.0
4.7
4.0
22.7
2.8
3.5
4.2
60.9
4.4
3.0
27
26
53
47
18
33
58
57
41
54
71
79
75
74
53
67
55
81
64
86
102
101
113
119
93
91
106
59
133
4.7
5.1
5.2
4.0
8.3
4.4
4.2
4.5
4.0
3.6
0.80
3.9
4.1
3.7
3.9
4.0
3.0
4.6
4.4
4
3.2
4.1
4.0
3.6
39.8
3.6
11.2
56.4
1.8
134
132
133
78
1.5
2.7
6.4
31.9
91
114
110
82
37
93
118
99
128
82
3.7
4.0
3.7
3.6
4.1
3.6
3.0
3.4
3.7
3.6
99
86
117
80
106
34
123
121
Trend
3.1
3.9
3.0
3.2
3.0
3.7
3.2
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Bolivia 121
Key Indicators, 2015
st
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
11.5
2886.2
33.2
0.07
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
121
3.5
Rank
104 / 144
98 / 148
105 / 144
117 / 140
121 / 138
113
3.8
Score
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
133
2.9
102
3.2
110
4.0
101
5.3
120
3.4
100
3.8
134
3.4
136
3.1
76
3.9
111
3.0
82
3.4
132
2.8
126
3.2
135
2.5
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Bolivia
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
19.1
17.2
15.5
11.1
9.2
6.2
5.4
3.6
3.4
3.1
2.9
1.3
1.1
0.5
0.2
0.0
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Bolivia
Rank / 138
Value
133
2.9
130
135
136
136
126
137
137
63
127
132
137
118
29
72
72
132
137
48
125
107
115
3.0
2.7
1.8
1.5
2.7
1.6
1.8
3.3
2.5
2.3
1.7
3.4
5.9
4.6
4.9
2.5
2.6
4.9
4.1
3.6
4.2
102
3.2
114
105
92
126
96
86
64
107
90
3.0
3.1
1.9
2.2
3.9
92.2
5.0
92.2
8.0
110
4.0
117
108
82
52
84
-6.6
13.0
4.1
39.7
101
5.3
30
52
97
134
60
134
103
103
121
78
100.4
3.9
120.0
3.5
0.3
3.2
30.6
68.3
2.8
94.1
100
3.8
88
74
120
118
117
119
121
130
84.7
38.4
2.8
3.0
3.5
3.3
3.6
3.1
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
134
3.4
82
105
116
104
137
135
128
107
106
95
127
123
126
86
128
114
4.9
3.3
3.0
3.2
83.7
15
50.0
3.3
4.0
8.9
3.3
3.6
3.1
36.0
3.8
2.8
136
3.1
133
106
136
137
106
129
127
114
117
76
76
3.9
4.7
4.5
3.1
4.5
2.7
5.9
4.7
0
111
3.0
82
85
87
84
91
126
115
120
130
135
133
126
120
104
91
135
3.5
4.4
2.2
not
possible
3.4
3.1
3.3
2.7
2.5
0.78
39
29
92
35
80
21
47
136
116
127
126
86
103
91
97
131
131
134
136
110
130
102
Trend
3.9
3.7
3.4
45.1
1.6
19.7
33.8
3.4
3.1
4.0
74.4
29.5
3.2
3.9
3.6
2.9
2.2
2.9
2.9
3.0
4.0
3.5
2.5
3.2
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.8
2.9
0.1
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
3.9
Population (millions)
15.8
4088.2
0.04
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
88 / 144
87 / 148
111 / 140
107 / 138
94
4.2
Score
3.9
4.0
3.7
3.8
126
3.1
105
3.2
76
4.5
50
6.0
106
3.6
92
4.0
129
3.7
125
3.5
101
3.5
76
3.9
98
3.1
122
3.0
115
3.4
125
2.7
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
2013-14
3.8
2012-13
107
Edition
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
13.7
13.0
11.1
10.5
8.8
7.9
7.3
5.3
5.3
5.0
3.6
3.3
2.5
1.4
0.8
0.6
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Value
126
128
132
107
114
100
116
108
133
125
123
123
132
73
96
112
89
124
131
124
137
63
3.1
3.1
2.9
2.8
2.1
3.4
2.9
2.5
1.7
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.9
5.2
4.0
3.9
4.0
3.1
3.5
4.1
2.8
5.7
105
3.2
104
116
88
129
133
125
80
108
50
3.2
2.9
2.0
2.2
2.6
19.2
4.6
90.2
20.2
76
4.5
29
123
90
64
107
-1.4
10.4
-1.0
45.5
50
6.0
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
63
7
1
2
37
49
80
35
92
78
58
130
92
124
77
126
133
42.0
6.8
<0.1
6.9
5.1
76.4
3.8
97.5
4.0
88.7
47.6
2.5
3.7
3.4
4.1
3.4
3.1
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
129
119
108
105
122
22
126
133
124
105
66
116
127
115
35
101
135
3.7
4.5
3.3
3.3
2.9
23.3
12
67.0
3.1
4.0
4.8
3.6
3.4
3.3
60.0
4.2
2.1
125
3.5
125
51
112
27
129
130
134
134
135
111
3.7
5.2
3.3
9.2
2.7
3.1
3.1
1.9
1.7
0.63
101
3.5
123
115
118
68
101
112
122
28
76
87
75
122
57
53
61
98
98
3.4
3.0
2.7
4.0
2.5
4.0
3.2
7
3.9
4.4
4.4
3.5
65.1
16.6
56.3
33.5
3.1
97
97
99
50
2.8
3.9
40.5
42.7
115
109
94
108
113
121
105
110
126
85
3.4
4.0
4.0
3.2
2.8
3.2
3.1
3.1
3.7
3.6
125
134
106
120
117
126
119
62
Trend
2.7
3.1
3.2
2.7
2.8
2.5
3.2
1.9
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Botswana 64
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
2.1
Population (millions)
12.9
6041.0
0.03
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
64
4.3
Rank
79 / 144
74 / 148
74 / 144
71 / 140
64 / 138
55
4.7
Score
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.3
37
4.5
90
3.5
10
6.2
113
4.7
84
3.9
88
4.1
73
4.3
36
4.5
66
4.0
86
3.6
105
2.9
90
3.4
100
3.6
84
3.2
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Botswana
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
16.2
13.3
10.8
10.1
9.5
8.6
8.1
7.9
3.8
2.8
2.8
1.9
1.5
1.4
0.7
0.6
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Botswana
Value
37
36
56
39
38
46
41
44
26
67
29
30
34
34
83
54
50
40
59
52
42
73
4.5
5.0
4.3
4.3
3.9
4.6
4.7
3.6
4.1
3.5
4.7
4.4
4.7
5.8
4.3
5.2
4.8
4.4
4.8
5.0
4.4
5.5
90
3.5
77
62
51
109
89
132
108
9
92
4.0
4.1
3.2
3.0
4.0
8.3
3.3
169.0
7.8
10
6.2
35
6
41
11
45
-1.6
37.1
3.0
17.8
113
4.7
27
38
130
132
137
133
109
113
73
98
45.0
4.8
385.0
3.7
25.2
3.2
34.8
64.4
4.0
91.0
88
4.1
91
89
66
87
107
106
72
48
83.9
27.5
3.7
3.8
3.7
3.6
4.2
4.2
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
73
50
109
63
26
26
108
127
49
45
80
27
60
48
44
124
76
4.3
5.3
3.2
3.7
4.5
25.1
9
48.0
4.1
4.6
6.4
5.3
4.7
4.5
54.0
3.9
3.3
36
69
75
62
96
22
100
43
58
36
20
66
65
83
52
69
72
68
59
68
86
84
76
93
99
101
104
45
105
4.5
4.4
4.9
3.9
21.7
4.6
3.6
4.6
3.7
3.9
0.93
4.0
4.3
3.6
3.9
3.9
2.8
4.8
4.5
5
3.6
4.4
4.4
4.0
27.5
1.8
11.4
67.3
2.9
112
93
107
25
2.5
4.0
34.8
56.4
100
120
105
93
74
107
98
94
102
98
3.6
3.9
3.8
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.2
3.5
4.1
3.4
84
87
96
86
72
39
107
97
Trend
3.2
3.9
3.5
3.1
3.4
3.6
3.5
0.2
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Brazil 81
Key Indicators, 2015
st
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
204.5
Population (millions)
1772.6
8670.0
2.81
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
57 / 144
75 / 140
81 / 138
103
4.0
Score
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.1
4.1
120
3.2
72
4.0
99
5.3
61
4.2
84
4.1
128
3.7
117
3.7
93
3.6
59
4.4
5.7
72
3.6
63
4.0
100
3.1
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Brazil
In the context of negative terms of trade shocks and political turmoil, Brazil
falls six positions to 81st. This is driven mainly by deteriorating goods, labor,
and nancial markets. On the institutional side, security has deteriorated and
also the perception of the quality of public-sector administration. However,
Brazil has improved in areas such as protection of property rights and
measures of undue inuence, and the countrys bounce back after a sharp
drop last year probably reects the ght against corruption and for judicial
independence. The political uncertainty and the governments sinking
nances are still impediments to consolidating a pro-growth competitiveness
agenda in the largest economy in Latin America and the Caribbean. Brazil is
2016-17
56 / 148
2015-16
48 / 144
3.5
2014-15
Rank
126
2013-14
4.1
2012-13
81
Edition
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
agenda in the largest economy in Latin America and the Caribbean. Brazil is
currently going through a deep recession. The country's growth rate has
decelerated steadily, from an average annual growth rate of 4.5 percent
between 2006 and 2010 to 2.1 percent between 2011 and 2014, according to
the World Bank, and negative growth projected for 2015 and 2016.
Addressing the macroeconomic imbalances facing the country, including
large current account and government decits and increasing ination,
requires improving productivity, starting with the macroeconomic environment
and addressing the market distortions affecting how markets work.
15.9
13.6
12.5
11.9
9.2
8.7
7.8
4.8
3.4
3.4
2.8
2.5
1.7
0.9
0.8
0.2
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Rank / 138
Value
120
80
73
135
138
111
79
121
128
137
125
107
130
10
129
120
111
131
72
89
94
29
3.2
4.1
4.1
1.8
1.3
3.1
3.8
2.2
1.9
1.7
2.7
2.8
3.1
6.2
2.7
3.7
3.4
2.8
4.5
4.7
3.7
6.5
72
4.0
116
111
93
114
95
12
91
54
48
3.0
3.0
1.9
2.9
3.9
3558.3
4.1
126.6
21.4
126
3.5
130
90
126
106
59
-10.3
16.4
9.0
73.7
99
5.3
31
5
66
41
92
63
80
73
127
102
111.6
6.3
44.0
6.2
0.6
5.7
14.6
74.4
2.6
90.4
84
4.1
38
60
128
129
99
93
124
62
101.9
46.4
2.6
2.6
3.8
3.8
3.5
4.0
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
128
52
48
73
138
132
122
135
53
119
120
91
104
129
136
95
65
3.7
5.3
3.9
3.6
1.8
69.2
11
83.0
4.0
3.7
11.5
4.2
4.1
3.0
14.0
4.3
3.4
117
3.7
118
119
137
65
138
88
60
47
101
87
93
92
131
83
85
95
38
54
108
59
3.6
3.9
2.6
3.4
3.6
2.5
5.6
4.6
2
4.4
4.4
4.6
4.5
59.1
12.2
43.6
88.6
5.7
7
27
7
128
5.8
5.6
3192.4
12.6
63
54
83
44
116
61
62
60
41
39
4.0
4.6
4.1
4.0
2.8
3.8
3.7
3.9
4.7
4.1
92
86
74
90
112
111
51
Trend
3.8
4.1
1.9
15.4
2.2
3.7
4.5
3.8
2.7
0.74
85
65
63
64
62
69
22
100
Brazil
3.1
3.9
3.6
3.2
3.2
2.7
3.4
3.5
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Brunei Darussalam 58
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
0.4
Population (millions)
11.8
28236.6
0.03
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2016-17
58
4.3
Rank
28 / 144
26 / 148
58 / 138
50
4.8
Score
4.9
4.9
4.3
47
4.2
78
3.9
61
4.9
31
6.3
87
3.9
65
4.5
68
4.3
47
4.5
92
3.7
84
3.6
116
2.7
78
3.5
84
3.7
78
3.3
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
Brunei Darussalam
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
17.4
15.1
13.1
12.4
12.2
10.2
6.8
6.5
2.3
1.3
1.0
0.6
0.5
0.3
0.1
0.0
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Brunei Darussalam
Rank / 138
Value
47
67
58
33
34
35
61
51
n/a
83
58
131
92
68
50
40
57
38
73
97
51
108
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.6
4.0
5.1
4.1
3.4
n/a
3.3
3.8
2.3
3.8
5.3
5.0
5.5
4.7
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.2
4.3
78
3.9
67
41
4.1
4.7
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
87
84
100
52
85
85
61
3.7
4.1
50.0
5.3
108.1
9.0
4.9
129
25
71
2
n/a
-9.8
29.0
-0.4
3.1
n/a
31
6.3
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
79
n/a
n/a
n/a
55
35
26
39
65
54
80
36
34
54
46
100
52
62.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
8.6
78.8
5.0
97.3
4.5
99.1
31.7
4.4
4.7
4.4
4.8
3.9
4.2
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
68
111
102
104
13
1
76
81
51
104
35
110
103
81
80
60
103
4.3
4.6
3.3
3.3
4.9
8.7
7
14.0
4.0
4.0
1.7
3.8
4.1
3.8
37.9
4.7
2.9
47
42
25
71
4
15
68
85
52
37
96
92
87
55
120
86
61
91
73
86
84
4.5
4.7
5.6
3.7
3.0
5.0
4.0
4.0
3.7
3.9
0.69
3.7
4.0
4.0
2.6
3.6
3.0
4.4
4.2
4
3.6
80
80
110
45
76
54
134
4.5
4.4
3.7
71.2
8.0
63.1
4.5
116
2.7
124
91
109
22
2.3
4.0
33.2
60.9
84
110
98
49
66
98
85
100
107
n/a
3.7
4.0
3.9
3.9
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.4
4.0
n/a
78
100
79
102
84
41
80
53
Trend
3.3
3.8
3.7
2.9
3.3
3.6
3.8
3.3
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Bulgaria 50
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
7.2
Population (millions)
49.0
6831.7
0.12
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
50
4.4
Rank
62 / 144
57 / 148
54 / 144
54 / 140
50 / 138
60
4.7
Score
4.3
4.3
4.4
4.3
4.4
97
3.5
70
4.0
42
5.2
57
5.9
44
4.4
56
4.6
57
4.4
54
4.4
59
4.1
38
5.1
65
3.9
71
3.6
79
3.8
65
3.4
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Bulgaria
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
12.9
10.9
9.9
9.4
8.9
8.0
6.5
5.9
5.6
4.7
4.2
3.9
3.6
3.2
1.5
0.9
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Bulgaria
Rank / 138
Value
97
115
116
94
86
87
110
97
93
66
95
82
111
107
97
118
105
87
74
71
89
14
3.5
3.7
3.3
3.0
2.7
3.6
3.0
2.7
2.6
3.5
3.1
3.2
3.5
4.5
4.0
3.7
3.5
3.6
4.4
4.9
3.8
7.2
70
4.0
79
94
54
70
77
77
79
46
44
3.9
3.4
3.1
4.0
4.1
126.7
4.6
129.3
23.3
42
5.2
63
49
91
20
58
-2.9
23.5
-1.1
26.9
57
5.9
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
57
54
1
45
58
59
67
72
56
41
26
91
75
111
52
111
102
27.0
6.0
0.1
6.0
9.3
75.4
4.1
94.9
4.6
100.9
70.8
3.3
4.0
3.6
4.6
3.7
3.5
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
57
107
57
74
42
29
22
94
118
84
5
87
112
77
24
73
82
4.4
4.6
3.8
3.6
4.0
27.0
4
18.0
3.2
4.2
1.0
4.3
3.9
3.8
69.9
4.6
3.3
54
92
71
60
19
66
67
101
125
110
35
59
57
67
75
61
47
107
100
13
38
63
56
44
68
41
23
27
65
4.4
4.2
5.0
3.9
8.6
3.9
4.0
3.7
2.6
2.5
0.89
4.1
4.5
3.8
3.5
4.1
3.1
4.2
3.8
9
5.1
4.9
4.7
4.7
56.7
22.4
145.2
81.3
3.9
71
56
70
19
3.5
4.8
136.9
68.7
79
78
46
78
87
62
76
68
112
119
3.8
4.4
4.6
3.6
3.2
3.8
3.5
3.8
3.9
3.2
65
59
64
50
74
64
71
45
Trend
3.4
4.3
3.9
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.9
7.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Burundi 135
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
9.4
305.8
2.9
0.01
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
135
3.1
Rank
144 / 144
146 / 148
139 / 144
136 / 140
135 / 138
130
3.3
Score
2.8
2.9
3.1
3.1
3.1
134
2.9
134
1.9
124
3.5
110
4.8
137
2.7
134
2.3
130
3.6
78
4.1
135
2.6
137
2.0
135
1.7
134
2.8
135
3.1
131
2.5
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Burundi
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
23.4
18.2
15.3
9.2
4.8
4.8
4.2
3.9
3.7
3.1
3.0
2.5
1.6
1.6
0.5
0.3
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Burundi
Value
134
135
136
131
88
115
135
107
116
102
104
113
133
108
119
124
136
129
115
76
113
96
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.1
2.6
3.0
1.7
2.5
2.3
3.0
3.0
2.7
2.8
4.4
3.3
3.3
2.2
2.9
3.8
4.8
3.5
4.7
134
1.9
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
133
117
123
134
136
129
134
132
124
2.2
2.9
2.3
2.6
1.4
2.1
46.2
0.2
3.5
118
137
105
47
117
-6.9
-4.4
5.6
38.4
110
4.8
52 12942.8
64
3.3
99
126.0
126
3.9
106
1.1
121
3.9
126
54.1
131
56.7
125
2.7
64
95.4
134
130
130
125
94
114
136
137
134
2.3
37.9
4.4
2.7
3.6
3.6
1.9
2.6
3.0
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
130
123
85
109
121
81
11
15
135
130
98
134
132
119
92
122
138
3.6
4.4
3.5
3.2
2.9
40.3
3
4.0
2.6
3.4
9.6
2.9
3.2
3.3
34.5
3.9
1.8
78
3.8
5.8
3.2
15.9
3.4
2.9
3.3
2.2
1.8
1.03
135
2.6
137
137
138
132
134
133
118
131
135
2.7
3.2
2.3
2.4
2.2
3.1
2.5
2
2.0
2.9
2.9
3.2
4.9
0.0
5.7
7.6
1.7
132
138
132
138
1.7
1.8
7.7
5.0
135
134
132
128
115
120
117
132
134
133
3.1
3.5
3.3
2.9
2.8
3.2
3.0
2.6
3.4
2.8
131
4.1
114
18
117
68
108
134
128
131
134
4
134
109
131
133
114
131
134
108
133
136
125
115
111
122
121
Trend
2.5
3.2
2.2
2.6
2.8
2.7
3.2
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Cambodia 89
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
15.5
1168.0
18.2
0.05
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
85 / 144
88 / 148
95 / 144
90 / 140
89 / 138
96
4.2
Score
4.0
4.0
3.9
3.9
4.0
104
3.5
106
3.2
50
5.0
103
5.2
97
3.7
124
2.9
76
4.2
58
4.4
63
4.1
98
3.3
86
3.3
118
3.2
114
3.5
118
2.8
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Cambodia
Cambodia ranks 89th, up one position from last year. Among Asian nations,
it is the one that has posted the largest GCI score improvementfrom 3.5 to
4.0since 2007. Despite the positive trend, the challenges are many and
signicant. Cambodia ranks no better than 50th in any of the 12 pillars of the
Index; in half of them it sits beyond the 100th mark. Of particular concern is
its mediocre performance in three of the four areas that constitute the basic
drivers of competitiveness: institutions (104th, up seven), infrastructure
(106th, down ve), and health and primary education (103rd, down 16).
2013-14
4.0
2012-13
89
Edition
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
(106th, down ve), and health and primary education (103rd, down 16).
Moreover, Cambodia ranks 124th in higher education and training, its
poorest performance in any pillar. It is estimated that secondary education
enrollment is around 50 percent. With a median age of 23.8, Cambodia is
home to one of the youngest populations in Asia. Ensuring access to quality
of education for all should therefore be a policy priority.
18.2
9.6
8.7
7.4
7.0
6.8
6.8
6.3
5.6
4.7
4.7
4.4
4.0
3.2
1.9
0.6
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Cambodia
Value
104
106
130
68
62
114
123
76
104
65
115
111
125
95
84
86
120
74
130
115
112
94
3.5
3.8
3.0
3.5
3.1
3.0
2.8
3.0
2.5
3.5
2.9
2.7
3.3
4.8
4.2
4.4
3.0
3.8
3.5
4.3
3.6
4.8
106
3.2
95
93
98
76
99
81
106
35
116
3.4
3.4
1.6
3.9
3.9
106.7
3.3
133.0
1.6
50
5.0
14
119
1
29
101
0.1
11.3
1.2
33.6
103
5.2
39
43
131
117
92
110
98
105
110
74
502.3
4.5
390.0
4.2
0.6
4.4
24.6
68.2
3.1
94.7
124
2.9
119
104
87
113
128
108
115
100
45.1
15.9
3.4
3.2
3.2
3.6
3.6
3.5
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
76
98
78
54
63
15
76
136
85
86
96
55
80
127
13
79
59
4.2
4.7
3.6
3.8
3.7
21.0
7
87.0
3.6
4.2
9.1
4.7
4.4
3.1
89.7
4.5
3.5
58
70
104
32
85
73
63
98
56
56
43
63
74
79
132
76
66
92
117
4
98
100
99
53
116
115
94
78
86
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.3
19.3
3.8
4.0
3.8
3.7
3.6
0.88
4.1
4.1
3.6
2.3
3.8
2.9
4.4
3.4
11
3.3
4.2
4.2
4.6
19.0
0.5
17.8
42.8
3.3
94
71
94
13
2.9
4.4
54.2
86.7
114
125
125
46
97
104
131
117
85
103
3.5
3.7
3.5
3.9
3.0
3.4
2.8
3.0
4.2
3.4
118
2.8
115
123
84
102
95
124
109
Trend
3.6
2.8
3.1
3.1
2.9
3.1
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Cameroon 119
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
23.1
1232.4
28.5
0.06
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
116 / 144
114 / 140
119 / 138
119
3.6
Score
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.6
101
3.5
131
2.2
112
4.7
114
3.5
105
3.4
109
4.0
76
4.2
91
3.7
124
2.6
85
3.3
103
3.3
112
3.5
90
3.2
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Cameroon
2016-17
115 / 148
2015-16
112 / 144
4.2
2014-15
Rank
95
2013-14
3.6
2012-13
119
Edition
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
16.8
15.2
11.4
9.8
8.9
8.9
5.6
5.5
4.9
2.9
2.8
2.3
1.9
1.4
1.1
0.4
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Cameroon
Value
101
85
60
126
72
123
111
98
85
78
66
71
67
124
103
95
69
118
119
69
75
108
3.5
4.1
4.3
2.3
3.0
2.9
3.0
2.7
2.8
3.4
3.6
3.4
4.1
3.6
3.9
4.3
4.3
3.2
3.7
4.9
4.0
4.3
131
2.2
134
130
82
112
130
97
128
127
106
2.2
2.5
2.4
3.0
2.7
58.1
2.1
71.8
4.5
95
4.2
109
92
1
28
96
-5.8
16.0
2.8
33.5
112
4.7
60 22834.0
55
3.8
117
220.0
121
4.1
126
4.8
118
4.0
128
57.1
132
55.5
61
4.2
94
91.6
105
113
111
79
63
47
94
67
74
3.4
56.4
11.9
3.6
4.3
4.6
3.8
4.3
3.8
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
109
88
49
90
105
104
41
87
78
131
132
64
83
108
111
94
123
4.0
4.8
3.9
3.4
3.2
48.8
5
15.0
3.7
3.3
14.6
4.5
4.4
3.4
29.7
4.3
2.7
76
100
79
46
88
34
115
125
119
108
44
91
91
103
86
98
103
93
101
46
124
120
110
117
112
131
137
135
85
4.2
4.1
4.9
4.1
19.9
4.4
3.4
3.3
2.6
2.6
0.88
3.7
4.0
3.2
3.3
3.4
2.4
4.4
3.8
6
2.6
3.8
4.0
3.6
20.7
0.1
1.0
4.3
3.3
83
105
86
120
3.2
3.7
72.6
17.8
112
101
104
105
120
99
99
121
51
107
3.5
4.2
3.8
3.2
2.7
3.5
3.2
2.9
4.6
3.4
90
44
88
85
91
91
110
110
Trend
3.2
4.4
3.6
3.1
3.2
3.0
3.4
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Canada 15
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
35.8
Population (millions)
1552.4
43332.0
1.44
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
15
5.3
Rank
14 / 144
14 / 148
15 / 144
13 / 140
15 / 138
17
5.7
Score
5.3
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.3
18
5.4
15
5.7
41
5.2
6.6
5.4
19
5.5
17
5.1
5.3
5.3
21
5.8
15
5.4
25
4.7
24
4.9
24
4.6
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Canada
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
15.8
15.7
15.3
14.8
10.8
7.9
5.1
5.0
4.9
2.8
0.6
0.6
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Canada
Value
18
14
15
21
20
21
13
31
23
40
20
19
16
67
36
44
10
18
8
16
10
6
5.4
5.9
5.9
5.3
4.7
5.9
6.1
4.0
4.1
3.8
5.0
4.8
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.4
6.3
5.5
6.2
5.9
5.3
7.7
15
5.7
21
22
18
19
16
11
16
119
14
5.2
5.3
4.8
5.4
5.8
3831.3
6.5
81.9
44.3
41
5.2
39
67
1
120
8
-1.7
20.5
1.1
91.5
6.6
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
8
20
60
27
32
13
13
9
19
18
45
15
13
8
15
9
29
5.2
6.6
0.3
6.3
4.3
82.0
5.5
99.5
5.5
109.9
58.9
5.2
5.3
5.7
5.8
5.8
4.6
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
17
32
28
21
46
16
3
3
21
63
40
15
48
28
94
22
19
5.1
5.4
4.2
4.7
3.9
21.1
2
1.5
4.5
4.5
2.8
5.5
4.9
5.0
34.3
5.5
4.4
20
38
12
32
32
13
14
16
10
25
26
25
14
24
33
3
7
13
21
15
31
20
14
13
24
60
15
5.3
5.2
5.4
4.8
10.0
4.4
4.9
5.8
4.8
5.1
0.91
5.3
5.0
4.7
5.1
4.7
3.4
6.5
6.0
9
5.8
6.1
5.3
5.1
88.5
36.4
135.5
56.3
5.4
15
24
15
79
5.3
5.8
1631.9
31.2
24
29
13
20
39
46
25
18
25
11
4.9
4.8
5.4
4.7
4.1
4.2
4.5
5.5
5.0
5.1
24
26
17
29
23
67
6
19
Trend
4.6
5.0
5.6
4.2
4.6
3.3
5.4
90.1
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
0.5
3038.5
1.6
0.00
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
114 / 144
112 / 140
110 / 138
89
4.3
Score
3.5
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.8
71
4.0
94
3.4
58
5.9
121
3.4
79
4.1
97
4.1
116
3.7
112
3.4
78
3.8
137
1.4
105
3.3
108
3.5
98
3.1
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Cape Verde
2016-17
122 / 148
2015-16
122 / 144
4.0
2014-15
Rank
107
2013-14
3.8
2012-13
110
Edition
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
21.6
17.2
11.3
9.8
7.5
6.9
6.4
4.3
4.0
3.0
3.0
2.2
1.7
0.5
0.5
0.1
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Cape Verde
Rank / 138
Value
71
70
91
52
50
58
53
52
44
52
89
76
69
70
95
84
77
59
102
112
90
126
4.0
4.3
3.7
3.9
3.5
4.2
4.3
3.4
3.6
3.6
3.3
3.4
4.1
5.2
4.1
4.5
4.3
4.0
4.0
4.3
3.8
3.7
94
3.4
86
66
3.6
4.1
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
95
102
98
107
51
78
107
3.4
3.7
55.6
3.3
127.2
11.5
4.0
100
17
51
132
103
-4.8
31.5
0.1
119.3
58
5.9
20
20
100
81
106
74
92
84
60
24
9.7
5.5
138.0
5.3
1.1
5.4
20.7
73.1
4.2
98.2
79
4.1
69
95
58
71
62
59
75
113
92.6
23.0
4.0
4.0
4.3
4.5
4.2
3.4
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
97
120
68
88
119
66
76
56
48
99
94
78
70
94
43
126
85
4.1
4.4
3.7
3.5
2.9
36.5
7
10.0
4.1
4.0
8.8
4.4
4.6
3.6
54.1
3.8
3.2
116
3.7
107
64
86
121
87
103
116
76
79
101
4.0
5.1
3.6
29.5
3.7
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.2
0.65
112
3.4
118
101
85
107
74
86
78
108
78
79
87
65
90
96
96
38
137
3.5
3.3
3.4
3.2
2.8
4.5
4.1
2
3.8
4.5
4.3
4.4
43.0
3.0
17.1
72.9
1.4
137
135
137
68
1.0
2.4
3.4
34.8
108
130
119
85
67
71
103
106
108
109
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.7
3.1
3.2
4.0
3.3
98
109
93
88
95
59
102
121
Trend
3.1
3.7
3.5
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.5
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Chad 136
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
11.6
941.9
10.9
0.03
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
136
2.9
Rank
139 / 144
148 / 148
143 / 144
139 / 140
136 / 138
135
3.1
Score
3.1
2.9
2.8
3.0
2.9
136
2.7
137
1.8
105
4.1
131
3.8
135
2.8
137
2.2
137
3.0
111
3.8
133
2.9
138
1.9
115
2.8
137
2.6
137
2.7
134
2.5
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Chad
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
20.4
16.4
13.1
10.0
6.6
5.3
5.1
4.8
4.3
3.8
3.5
2.1
2.0
1.7
0.9
0.1
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Value
136
133
133
137
105
136
130
113
100
95
105
114
135
136
123
128
124
135
136
134
130
120
2.7
3.0
2.8
1.6
2.4
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.6
3.2
3.0
2.7
2.7
2.6
3.0
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.8
3.7
3.3
3.8
137
1.8
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
137
127
131
125
130
131
137
136
105
1.7
2.6
2.0
2.9
10.2
1.9
40.2
0.1
4.1
102
105
66
50
135
-4.9
14.4
3.6
39.3
131
3.8
53 13983.9
70
2.8
106
159.0
135
3.4
121
2.5
132
3.4
137
85.0
136
51.6
129
2.5
124
84.4
137
138
134
129
121
131
138
130
136
2.2
22.4
3.4
2.5
2.8
3.1
1.7
3.3
2.9
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
137
137
138
135
129
127
108
131
125
135
131
131
129
137
83
138
131
3.0
3.6
2.1
2.5
2.6
63.5
9
60.0
3.0
3.1
14.3
3.1
3.2
2.4
36.9
3.0
2.3
111
3.8
130
88
105
50
99
136
137
112
90
63
3.5
4.8
3.3
13.0
3.6
2.5
2.4
2.7
3.0
0.82
133
2.9
135
134
126
131
132
130
132
46
138
1.9
2.7
3.1
2.8
2.7
0.1
2.6
1.4
115
2.8
111
118
113
101
2.5
3.4
30.5
24.5
137
104
136
136
129
137
138
138
136
135
2.7
4.1
3.0
2.6
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.0
3.2
2.4
132
127
127
128
123
136
121
Trend
2.7
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.0
3.2
2.8
6
138
137
136
137
128
130
138
134
Chad
2.5
3.2
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.7
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Chile 33
Key Indicators, 2015
rd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
18.0
Population (millions)
240.2
13340.9
0.37
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
33
4.6
Rank
33 / 144
34 / 148
33 / 144
35 / 140
33 / 138
37
5.1
Score
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
35
4.5
44
4.7
32
5.4
71
5.7
31
4.8
28
5.2
44
4.6
52
4.4
23
4.8
39
5.1
44
4.5
56
3.7
56
4.1
63
3.4
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Chile
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
17.2
15.8
11.6
10.2
10.0
6.9
6.0
4.7
4.6
4.3
3.5
2.1
1.7
0.6
0.5
0.2
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Value
35
33
52
43
75
31
37
53
21
68
57
47
33
65
86
46
25
49
29
38
36
36
4.5
5.3
4.3
4.2
2.9
5.4
4.8
3.4
4.2
3.5
3.9
3.8
4.7
5.3
4.2
5.4
5.9
4.2
5.4
5.2
4.5
6.3
44
4.7
44
30
80
34
47
36
37
44
55
4.5
5.0
2.4
4.9
4.9
672.8
5.9
129.5
19.2
32
5.4
49
70
87
8
23
-2.3
20.4
4.3
17.1
71
5.7
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
40
19
60
47
48
17
111
85
28
44
6
88
108
26
60
32
59
16.0
6.6
0.3
6.0
7.0
81.5
3.0
93.0
5.2
100.4
86.6
3.4
3.2
5.2
4.4
5.0
4.0
Trend
Rank / 138
44
62
128
36
64
33
76
28
17
10
45
17
20
25
101
82
32
52
57
5
122
112
13
51
39
15
24
91
23
17
20
23
20
42
9
14
86
39
32
34
18
60
57
26
58
44
Value
4.4
4.5
6.1
3.0
27.4
5.1
4.3
4.7
4.9
4.3
0.72
4.8
5.3
4.8
4.8
4.8
3.2
6.4
5.7
4
5.1
5.6
5.1
5.1
64.3
15.2
129.8
57.6
4.5
4.3
5.0
422.4
30.4
56
74
41
94
86
60
44
43
31
70
4.1
4.4
4.7
3.4
3.2
3.8
4.0
4.3
4.9
3.7
89
43
108
64
118
23
44
Trend
4.6
5.2
2.9
4.1
3.7
28.9
7
5.5
4.7
5.1
3.2
5.5
5.4
5.0
31.8
4.5
3.8
41
46
42
83
63
Chile
3.4
3.9
4.3
2.9
3.5
2.7
4.7
7.5
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
China 28
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
1374.6
Population (millions)
10982.8
7989.7
17.08
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
29 / 144
29 / 148
28 / 144
28 / 140
28 / 138
30
5.3
Score
4.8
4.8
4.9
4.9
5.0
45
4.3
42
4.7
6.2
41
6.2
30
4.8
54
4.6
56
4.4
39
4.5
56
4.2
74
4.0
7.0
29
4.2
34
4.4
30
4.0
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
China
China retains its 28th rank for the third year in row. Its overall score
improves, thanks to progress in some of the more sophisticated areas of
competitiveness that contribute to shaping the countrys innovation
ecosystem. These include higher education (54th, up 14), innovation (30th,
up one), and business sophistication (34th, up four). This bodes well for the
future while China transitions to a new normal, where growth will need to be
increasingly driven by innovation. Yet China still lags behind in technological
readiness (74th, unchanged) despite a signicant improvement in all
components of this category since last year. A more widespread adoption of
technology by business and the population at large will increase productivity
and create a more fertile innovation ecosystem. The gains posted in these
categories are partially offset by a worsening scal situationthe budget
2013-14
5.0
2012-13
28
Edition
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
10.8
8.8
8.7
8.4
7.9
7.8
7.5
6.8
6.7
5.0
4.8
4.0
4.0
4.0
2.8
1.9
12
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Rank / 138
Value
45
50
62
44
30
54
56
25
24
21
46
46
40
83
56
78
56
52
68
116
48
108
4.3
4.5
4.3
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
3.8
4.6
5.0
4.9
4.7
4.7
4.1
4.6
4.3
4.3
4.3
42
4.7
43
4.5
39
4.8
14
5.1
43
4.6
49
4.8
2 17363.7
56
5.3
105
93.2
64
16.5
8
6.2
57
2
1
61
26
-2.7
46.0
1.4
43.9
41
6.2
7
32
83
95
1
87
57
54
47
1
0.0
5.0
68.0
4.9
<0.1
5.0
9.2
75.8
4.5
100.0
54
4.6
65
69
43
50
61
50
61
41
94.3
39.4
4.3
4.5
4.3
4.6
4.4
4.3
Trend
Rank / 138
56
36
23
29
34
131
122
121
22
78
118
68
82
55
132
68
21
39
47
82
25
112
60
27
58
33
23
56
56
64
45
40
36
14
79
57
86
74
Value
Trend
4.4
5.4
4.4
4.3
4.1
67.8
11
31.4
4.5
4.3
11.1
4.5
4.4
4.4
19.6
4.6
4.3
4.5
4.6
4.9
4.5
27.4
4.0
4.6
4.5
4.2
4.4
0.84
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.5
4.1
4.6
4.5
4
4.0
81
60
59
77
49
113
63
4.5
4.6
4.5
50.3
18.6
6.5
56.0
7.0
34
16
57
21
43
29
29
44
62
48
4.4
5.1
4.4
4.7
4.0
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.5
3.9
1
7.0
1
7.0
1 19392.4
105
23.3
30
China
45
40
25
30
10
30
33
4.0
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.4
4.7
15.2
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Colombia 61
Key Indicators, 2015
st
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
48.2
Population (millions)
293.2
6083.5
0.59
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
61
4.3
Rank
69 / 144
69 / 148
66 / 144
61 / 140
61 / 138
85
4.3
Score
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.3
112
3.3
84
3.7
53
5.0
90
5.4
48
4.4
70
4.4
100
4.1
81
4.1
25
4.8
64
4.3
35
4.7
63
3.6
59
4.0
79
3.3
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Colombia
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
21.1
16.2
9.0
8.7
8.6
6.0
5.4
5.3
5.2
4.5
3.0
2.4
2.1
0.9
0.9
0.8
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Colombia
Rank / 138
Value
112
82
66
129
128
94
113
112
96
124
111
104
78
133
127
132
113
104
58
31
70
14
3.3
4.1
4.2
2.2
1.7
3.5
2.9
2.3
2.6
2.6
2.9
2.9
4.0
2.9
2.8
2.9
3.4
3.5
4.8
5.4
4.1
7.2
84
3.7
113
120
104
83
76
35
70
70
71
3.0
2.8
1.4
3.7
4.2
693.7
4.8
115.7
14.4
53
5.0
62
81
103
72
43
-2.8
18.0
5.0
49.4
90
5.4
33
26
60
82
76
90
77
81
101
104
165.3
5.3
33.0
5.3
0.4
4.9
13.6
74.0
3.3
89.8
70
4.4
56
56
98
112
66
76
80
98
98.8
51.3
3.3
3.2
4.2
4.1
4.1
3.6
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
100
24
96
69
130
133
94
67
131
94
79
65
76
89
126
35
81
4.1
5.6
3.4
3.7
2.6
69.7
8
11.0
2.9
4.1
6.4
4.5
4.5
3.7
22.2
5.1
3.3
81
48
43
101
72
107
87
78
72
84
85
25
61
94
72
62
69
25
48
1
64
82
84
70
69
67
33
82
35
4.1
4.6
5.3
3.4
16.7
3.4
3.7
4.1
3.5
3.1
0.75
4.8
4.4
3.5
3.5
4.1
2.8
5.8
4.7
12
4.3
4.4
4.3
4.4
55.9
11.2
105.0
41.0
4.7
31
53
31
126
4.7
4.9
667.4
14.6
59
26
40
80
77
51
70
76
59
53
4.0
4.9
4.8
3.6
3.3
4.1
3.6
3.7
4.5
3.9
79
91
69
101
48
80
75
61
Trend
3.3
3.9
3.8
2.9
3.7
3.1
3.9
1.9
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
81.7
475.9
38.9
0.06
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
3.3
Rank
129 / 138
128
3.3
Score
3.3
117
3.3
138
1.7
64
4.8
135
3.5
127
3.3
128
2.8
127
3.7
53
4.4
117
3.2
134
2.3
95
3.2
125
3.0
132
3.2
115
2.8
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
2016-17
129
Edition
Sub-Saharan Africa
18.4
16.7
13.4
12.1
8.7
7.9
4.5
4.3
3.8
2.6
2.5
2.2
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.5
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Value
117
114
106
113
102
131
131
89
n/a
53
85
120
102
59
89
88
100
128
132
84
85
133
3.3
3.7
3.5
2.6
2.4
2.6
2.2
2.8
n/a
3.6
3.3
2.6
3.7
5.4
4.2
4.3
3.7
3.0
3.5
4.7
3.8
3.3
138
1.7
136
137
101
124
127
108
136
132
138
1.9
2.1
1.5
2.3
2.8
38.3
1.6
53.0
0.0
64
4.8
3
129
1
12
134
1.9
5.5
1.0
18.8
135
3.5
61 28046.0
n/a
n/a
128
325.0
n/a
n/a
104
1.0
n/a
n/a
135
74.5
126
58.7
86
3.6
115
87.0
128
122
125
113
84
108
130
119
116
2.8
43.5
6.6
3.0
3.8
3.7
2.9
3.6
3.4
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
127
102
106
93
100
118
54
67
127
136
112
51
65
110
119
103
136
3.7
4.7
3.3
3.4
3.2
54.6
6
11.0
3.0
2.9
10.2
4.8
4.7
3.4
24.7
4.2
2.0
53
4.4
88
58
102
35
23
137
93
121
96
6
4.2
5.2
3.4
10.3
4.6
2.4
3.8
2.6
2.9
0.99
117
3.2
129
127
134
119
96
126
97
46
134
130
125
124
136
137
138
129
95
3.2
2.8
2.3
3.0
2.5
3.4
3.8
6
2.3
3.4
3.7
3.5
3.8
0.0
0.4
8.5
3.2
88
110
90
122
3.0
3.6
62.9
16.6
132
122
114
116
127
136
137
136
39
n/a
3.2
3.8
3.7
3.0
2.4
2.5
2.3
2.4
4.8
n/a
115
2.8
106
107
114
113
130
103
121
Trend
3.7
3.2
2.8
2.9
2.4
3.5
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Costa Rica 54
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
4.8
Population (millions)
52.9
10936.2
0.07
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
54
4.4
Rank
57 / 144
54 / 148
51 / 144
52 / 140
54 / 138
57
4.7
Score
4.3
4.3
4.4
4.3
4.4
60
4.1
67
4.1
82
4.4
35
6.2
52
4.3
35
5.1
78
4.2
68
4.3
40
4.4
45
4.8
83
3.3
45
3.9
41
4.3
48
3.6
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Costa Rica
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
22.9
16.1
13.4
10.3
8.0
7.0
5.6
4.5
2.2
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.6
1.6
0.5
0.3
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Costa Rica
Rank / 138
Value
60
48
43
78
76
62
31
65
113
126
87
43
46
23
85
67
63
57
55
64
66
129
4.1
4.6
4.5
3.3
2.9
4.2
5.2
3.1
2.4
2.6
3.3
3.9
4.5
5.9
4.2
5.0
4.5
4.0
4.9
4.9
4.1
3.5
67
4.1
106
125
97
102
59
74
44
20
63
3.2
2.7
1.8
3.2
4.6
163.5
5.6
150.7
17.2
82
4.4
110
98
1
58
60
-5.8
15.1
0.8
42.4
35
6.2
14
4
30
29
60
49
54
32
41
58
0.2
6.5
11.0
6.4
0.3
6.0
8.5
79.4
4.7
96.1
35
5.1
10
53
27
59
28
47
25
39
120.3
53.0
4.6
4.4
5.2
4.7
5.3
4.4
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
78
49
42
65
116
120
108
106
111
115
50
35
44
88
95
45
61
4.2
5.3
4.0
3.7
3.0
58.0
9
24.0
3.2
3.8
3.6
5.1
5.0
3.7
34.3
5.0
3.5
68
24
100
38
79
68
36
45
27
44
109
40
72
75
111
99
109
33
42
8
45
60
41
16
63
66
57
16
83
4.3
5.2
4.5
4.2
18.7
3.9
4.5
4.6
4.5
3.8
0.64
4.4
4.1
3.7
2.8
3.3
2.3
5.7
4.8
10
4.8
4.9
4.9
5.2
59.8
11.2
61.7
95.5
3.3
86
85
83
75
3.1
4.1
74.9
32.7
41
69
50
50
28
37
81
39
57
28
4.3
4.5
4.5
3.9
4.5
4.3
3.4
4.5
4.5
4.4
48
40
37
53
65
124
24
58
Trend
3.6
4.5
4.6
3.5
3.5
2.6
4.7
2.4
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Cte d'Ivoire 99
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
23.7
1314.7
31.2
0.07
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
99
3.9
Rank
131 / 144
126 / 148
115 / 144
91 / 140
99 / 138
104
4.0
Score
3.4
3.5
3.7
3.9
3.9
77
3.8
87
3.6
66
4.7
132
3.7
96
3.7
109
3.4
92
4.2
75
4.2
75
3.9
94
3.4
80
3.4
75
3.5
89
3.7
61
3.4
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Cte d'Ivoire
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
22.0
17.5
15.2
14.8
6.3
4.7
4.6
3.0
2.7
2.1
2.0
2.0
1.6
1.1
0.3
0.1
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Cte d'Ivoire
Rank / 138
Value
77
72
90
82
48
88
87
62
39
27
41
63
50
84
106
127
87
73
98
80
68
120
3.8
4.2
3.7
3.3
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.2
3.7
4.0
4.2
3.6
4.4
4.9
3.8
3.2
4.1
3.8
4.1
4.8
4.1
3.8
87
3.6
60
42
71
28
38
93
100
62
118
4.2
4.7
2.7
5.2
5.2
65.5
3.6
119.3
1.3
66
4.7
70
87
1
34
93
-3.2
16.4
1.2
34.7
132
3.7
67 37459.8
40
4.6
109
165.0
119
4.1
124
3.5
107
4.5
132
66.6
135
51.6
69
4.1
131
74.7
109
125
119
49
43
51
98
46
37
3.4
40.1
8.7
4.1
4.6
4.5
3.7
4.7
4.4
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
92
95
79
76
118
116
22
42
19
128
105
46
57
68
76
88
104
4.2
4.8
3.5
3.6
2.9
51.9
4
7.0
4.6
3.4
9.9
5.0
4.8
4.1
38.7
4.4
2.9
75
58
67
65
53
29
82
63
61
48
102
75
104
90
44
126
77
66
67
46
94
59
69
60
110
117
120
84
80
4.2
4.5
5.0
3.8
13.1
4.4
3.8
4.3
3.6
3.7
0.65
3.9
3.7
3.5
4.1
2.7
2.7
4.9
4.4
6
3.4
4.9
4.5
4.5
21.0
0.5
5.2
40.4
3.4
84
81
81
64
3.2
4.2
78.6
35.4
89
96
71
131
99
74
123
83
53
83
3.7
4.2
4.3
2.8
3.0
3.7
2.9
3.6
4.6
3.6
61
58
45
45
86
70
77
107
Trend
3.4
4.3
4.2
3.6
3.3
3.2
3.9
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Croatia 74
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
4.2
Population (millions)
48.9
11572.9
0.08
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
74
4.1
Rank
81 / 144
75 / 148
77 / 144
77 / 140
74 / 138
68
4.6
Score
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
89
3.6
46
4.6
84
4.4
66
5.8
68
4.1
49
4.7
95
4.1
100
3.9
95
3.6
47
4.7
78
3.5
92
3.4
80
3.8
103
3.1
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Croatia
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
20.8
15.3
14.2
11.7
9.4
6.2
5.9
5.4
3.7
3.5
1.4
1.1
0.9
0.5
0.0
0.0
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Croatia
Rank / 138
Value
89
109
87
98
113
67
104
102
121
135
134
130
120
13
19
56
49
88
85
91
96
29
3.6
3.8
3.8
2.9
2.1
4.0
3.1
2.6
2.2
2.0
2.2
2.4
3.4
6.2
5.6
5.1
4.9
3.6
4.3
4.6
3.7
6.5
46
4.6
48
18
68
45
78
79
40
94
31
4.5
5.5
2.7
4.6
4.1
112.2
5.8
103.8
34.7
84
4.4
89
53
72
118
67
-4.0
22.7
-0.5
87.7
66
5.8
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
31
17
1
6
29
41
53
108
49
55
27
105
39
83
81
73
122
12.0
6.7
<0.1
6.8
3.6
77.3
4.3
88.7
4.7
99.0
69.5
3.1
4.6
4.0
4.0
4.2
3.4
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
95
92
107
98
132
13
76
73
136
13
5
101
109
51
54
74
121
4.1
4.8
3.3
3.4
2.5
20.0
7
12.0
2.5
5.0
1.0
4.1
3.9
4.4
49.7
4.6
2.7
100
3.9
132
66
128
63
134
66
92
132
133
49
95
114
112
104
95
106
67
98
68
47
65
85
114
48
39
49
33
78
3.5
5.1
2.7
15.1
2.7
4.0
3.9
2.2
1.9
0.87
3.6
3.6
3.2
3.0
3.4
2.3
4.9
3.8
5
4.7
4.9
4.3
3.7
69.8
23.2
72.4
75.4
3.5
80
69
75
32
3.2
4.4
91.1
52.0
80
75
49
124
62
87
77
73
106
97
3.8
4.4
4.5
3.0
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.7
4.0
3.4
103
122
61
79
114
129
91
41
Trend
3.1
3.5
4.0
3.2
2.9
2.5
3.7
9.7
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Cyprus 83
Key Indicators, 2015
rd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
0.9
Population (millions)
19.3
22587.5
0.03
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
58 / 144
58 / 148
58 / 144
65 / 140
83 / 138
67
4.6
Score
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.0
62
4.0
50
4.4
115
3.8
36
6.2
71
4.1
55
4.6
33
4.7
48
4.4
120
3.2
51
4.6
114
2.8
68
3.6
62
4.0
85
3.2
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Cyprus
2013-14
4.0
2012-13
83
Edition
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
24.9
14.7
13.8
8.6
7.9
6.8
6.4
4.9
4.7
3.8
1.4
0.9
0.7
0.5
0.1
0.1
14
21
28
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Cyprus
Rank / 138
Value
62
69
59
65
103
48
42
103
57
33
98
74
58
53
33
62
64
79
87
130
87
25
4.0
4.3
4.3
3.6
2.4
4.5
4.7
2.6
3.4
4.0
3.1
3.4
4.3
5.5
5.3
5.1
4.5
3.7
4.3
4.0
3.8
6.7
50
4.4
54
34
4.4
4.9
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
61
44
66
54
103
38
115
4.3
4.9
212.2
5.3
95.4
27.8
3.8
38
124
102
130
85
-1.7
10.2
-1.5
108.7
36
6.2
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
9
39
1
51
11
30
55
48
55
50
52
52
66
101
62
57
83
5.3
6.2
<0.1
6.0
2.5
80.1
4.3
96.9
4.6
99.4
53.1
4.1
4.1
3.8
4.4
4.5
3.7
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
33
43
41
44
20
23
54
48
63
34
5
104
62
47
38
64
42
4.7
5.3
4.0
4.0
4.6
24.4
6
8.0
3.8
4.7
1.0
4.0
4.7
4.5
56.9
4.7
3.7
48
4.4
4.7
3.7
5.7
4.5
3.7
3.5
3.5
3.0
0.86
120
3.2
51
3.8
3.5
2.3
2.6
2.2
2.9
3.1
7
4.6
67
101
88
43
42
40
65
4.8
4.2
4.1
71.7
22.4
89.8
54.8
114
2.8
119
101
116
28
2.4
3.8
28.1
54.9
62
45
62
58
38
41
97
66
93
45
4.0
4.7
4.3
3.8
4.1
4.2
3.3
3.8
4.1
4.0
85
4.4
65
91
75
13
27
84
117
75
94
52
98
93
133
132
117
133
127
28
119
73
107
76
103
53
39
Trend
3.2
3.5
3.8
2.9
3.4
2.9
4.2
10.5
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Czech Republic 31
Key Indicators, 2015
st
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
10.5
Population (millions)
181.9
17256.9
0.29
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
31
4.7
Rank
39 / 144
46 / 148
37 / 144
31 / 140
31 / 138
31
5.3
Score
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.7
4.7
54
4.2
43
4.7
19
5.9
25
6.3
27
4.8
27
5.2
36
4.7
44
4.5
27
4.7
29
5.5
46
4.4
35
4.1
32
4.5
37
3.8
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Czech Republic
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
19.7
16.0
11.3
10.6
10.0
7.3
7.0
5.3
4.4
3.7
2.9
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Czech Republic
Rank / 138
Value
54
51
32
105
92
51
50
96
7
111
99
93
77
22
38
30
62
76
35
25
43
57
4.2
4.5
4.9
2.9
2.6
4.5
4.4
2.7
5.0
2.8
3.1
3.1
4.0
6.0
5.3
5.7
4.5
3.8
5.3
5.6
4.4
5.8
43
4.7
36
65
22
97
31
63
20
47
61
4.7
4.1
4.6
3.4
5.3
236.3
6.4
129.2
18.1
19
5.9
40
32
42
55
22
-1.9
27.4
0.3
40.9
25
6.3
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
5
68
1
73
12
37
35
25
27
30
32
59
56
64
25
24
35
4.6
5.7
<0.1
5.5
2.8
78.3
4.8
98.1
5.2
105.1
66.0
3.9
4.4
4.2
5.3
5.3
4.5
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
36
15
22
42
47
111
94
87
82
16
5
5
26
33
14
44
98
4.7
5.8
4.4
4.0
3.9
50.4
8
15.0
3.6
5.0
1.0
6.0
5.3
4.8
88.1
5.0
3.0
44
44
13
94
89
110
21
29
59
70
67
27
27
23
60
40
34
14
33
28
29
27
37
23
28
25
28
42
46
4.5
4.7
5.9
3.5
20.3
3.3
4.7
5.3
3.6
3.3
0.81
4.7
5.0
4.8
3.7
4.4
3.4
6.0
5.2
7
5.5
5.7
5.1
5.1
81.3
27.9
119.8
68.8
4.4
50
28
49
8
4.1
5.5
332.5
99.5
32
35
21
59
44
44
30
29
46
41
4.5
4.8
5.2
3.8
4.0
4.2
4.3
5.0
4.6
4.1
37
29
30
32
47
79
89
29
Trend
3.8
4.8
4.8
4.1
3.7
3.1
3.7
21.7
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Denmark 12
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
5.7
Population (millions)
295.0
52114.2
0.23
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
12
5.3
Rank
12 / 144
15 / 148
13 / 144
12 / 140
12 / 138
13
5.8
Score
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.3
15
5.5
21
5.6
18
5.9
21
6.4
17
5.2
5.9
18
5.1
13
5.1
24
4.8
11
6.1
58
4.2
10
5.3
5.4
10
5.1
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Denmark
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
18.1
15.8
14.3
11.0
10.6
9.5
5.7
4.5
4.4
3.6
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.2
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Denmark
Value
15
18
25
13
13
5
12
14
37
84
18
34
26
76
28
25
24
5
23
7
27
20
5.5
5.8
5.6
5.9
5.1
6.5
6.2
4.9
3.8
3.3
5.1
4.2
5.0
5.1
5.4
5.8
6.0
6.1
5.6
6.1
5.0
6.8
21
5.6
10
10
20
9
17
40
6
49
37
5.8
5.7
4.7
5.7
5.8
604.6
6.8
128.3
29.9
18
5.9
42
38
39
66
10
-2.0
26.3
0.5
45.6
21
6.4
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
20
3
1
4
13
28
31
27
6
7
13
16
16
12
13
8
13
7.1
6.9
0.2
6.8
2.9
80.5
4.8
98.1
5.9
129.9
81.5
5.1
5.2
5.6
5.9
5.9
5.2
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
18
31
4
12
110
25
22
9
34
50
5
21
19
29
58
8
44
5.1
5.5
5.2
5.1
3.1
24.5
4
3.0
4.3
4.6
1.0
5.4
5.4
5.0
47.1
5.8
3.7
13
4
99
5
80
126
11
13
22
31
19
24
4.8
4.8
4.4
4.3
4.1
3.0
5.6
5.5
8
11
6.1
58
6.0
5.7
4.9
96.3
42.5
328.0
116.8
4.2
57
44
56
31
3.9
5.0
258.7
53.0
9
21
10
22
3
17
17
15
21
1
5.4
4.9
5.5
4.6
6.3
5.2
4.9
5.8
5.1
6.1
10
5.1
6.1
4.5
5.5
18.8
2.9
5.0
5.9
4.7
4.1
0.93
31
33
38
56
58
41
19
20
20
10
31
4
2
8
7
18
16
16
14
53
37
8
Trend
5.1
5.3
5.6
5.0
4.8
3.5
4.5
210.8
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Dominican Republic 92
Key Indicators, 2015
nd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
10.0
6755.7
67.5
0.13
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
101 / 144
98 / 140
92 / 138
95
4.2
Score
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.9
3.9
123
3.2
101
3.2
108
4.9
92
3.8
95
3.9
106
4.0
109
3.8
87
3.7
79
3.7
67
3.8
99
3.3
77
3.8
114
2.9
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Dominican Republic
Latin America and the Caribbean
2016-17
105 / 148
2015-16
105 / 144
5.5
2014-15
Rank
26
2013-14
3.9
2012-13
92
Edition
18.8
16.4
12.0
11.8
8.0
7.0
7.0
4.1
3.9
3.7
3.0
1.6
1.1
1.0
0.5
0.3
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Dominican Republic
Value
123
91
77
133
130
112
127
128
111
110
112
127
83
36
122
111
133
130
67
74
78
73
3.2
4.0
4.0
1.9
1.7
3.1
2.5
2.0
2.4
2.8
2.9
2.5
3.9
5.8
3.1
4.0
2.4
2.9
4.6
4.8
3.9
5.5
101
3.2
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
92
54
46
50
51
123
117
76
26
3.5
4.4
4.6
4.8
427.9
2.4
82.6
12.3
5.5
16
68
1
31
73
0.1
20.4
0.8
34.3
108
4.9
19
27
77
92
104
94
99
83
123
126
7.7
5.2
60.0
5.0
1.0
4.8
25.7
73.5
2.8
83.6
95
3.9
96
59
124
131
86
101
82
106
78.4
47.5
2.7
2.5
3.9
3.6
4.1
3.5
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
106
21
130
132
111
89
76
86
96
69
77
41
42
56
110
99
110
4.0
5.6
2.8
2.6
3.0
42.4
7
14.5
3.4
4.4
6.2
5.1
5.0
4.4
29.9
4.3
2.9
109
3.8
72
44
108
108
69
124
118
79
66
95
87
56
86
89
58
99
42
53
127
79
64
59
41
74
80
73
87
67
4.4
5.3
3.3
26.2
3.9
3.2
3.5
3.4
3.4
0.69
3.7
4.5
3.6
3.3
4.1
2.5
5.5
4.6
1
3.7
4.9
4.6
4.7
51.9
6.4
36.2
39.6
3.8
66
76
67
99
3.6
4.3
149.7
24.7
77
27
81
64
125
79
78
87
37
73
3.8
4.9
4.2
3.8
2.5
3.7
3.5
3.6
4.8
3.7
114
2.9
90
124
119
111
104
108
83
Trend
3.9
2.8
2.7
2.9
2.9
3.5
0.4
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Ecuador 91
Key Indicators, 2015
st
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
16.3
98.8
6071.0
0.16
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2015-16
2016-17
91
4.0
Rank
86 / 144
71 / 148
76 / 140
91 / 138
81
4.4
Score
3.9
4.2
4.1
4.0
113
3.3
71
4.0
83
4.4
68
5.8
95
3.7
73
4.3
124
3.8
123
3.6
113
3.4
90
3.5
62
3.9
102
3.3
87
3.7
107
3.0
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Ecuador
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
14.9
12.8
11.6
11.5
8.5
8.5
8.3
4.9
4.0
3.2
2.9
2.6
2.2
2.1
1.2
0.9
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Ecuador
Rank / 138
Value
113
118
93
115
122
81
134
123
42
133
107
136
119
47
109
79
91
111
43
48
103
96
3.3
3.6
3.7
2.5
1.9
3.7
1.9
2.1
3.6
2.2
3.0
2.0
3.4
5.6
3.7
4.6
3.9
3.3
5.1
5.1
3.7
4.7
71
4.0
47
24
4.5
5.1
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
40
39
70
78
122
68
83
4.7
5.1
186.7
4.7
79.4
15.5
4.4
107
64
76
32
106
-5.3
21.2
4.0
34.5
68
5.8
17
29
73
90
60
96
87
53
83
75
2.5
5.2
54.0
5.1
0.3
4.8
18.4
75.9
3.7
94.7
73
4.3
31
68
81
90
69
68
81
85
104.2
40.5
3.6
3.7
4.2
4.2
4.1
3.7
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
124
76
121
94
134
51
126
130
101
137
108
123
134
84
118
92
92
3.8
5.0
3.0
3.4
2.5
33.0
12
50.5
3.3
2.9
9.9
3.4
3.1
3.8
24.9
4.3
3.1
123
3.6
64
59
131
126
91
77
100
92
80
113
4.4
5.2
2.4
31.8
3.7
3.8
3.7
3.2
3.2
0.63
113
3.4
93
85
88
109
115
63
87
127
90
86
96
118
81
72
60
96
62
3.9
3.6
3.3
3.1
2.2
5.0
4.0
1
3.5
4.4
4.2
3.6
48.9
9.2
56.6
35.1
3.9
62
74
61
109
3.8
4.3
183.4
20.8
87
91
96
101
88
91
110
93
60
62
3.7
4.3
4.0
3.3
3.2
3.6
3.0
3.5
4.5
3.8
107
88
101
110
101
87
113
91
Trend
3.0
3.9
3.4
2.8
3.1
3.0
3.4
0.2
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Egypt 115
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
88.4
Population (millions)
330.8
3740.2
0.92
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
119 / 144
116 / 140
115 / 138
117
3.8
Score
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.7
87
3.6
96
3.4
89
5.5
100
3.7
112
3.3
112
4.0
135
3.2
111
3.4
99
3.3
25
5.0
111
3.2
85
3.7
122
2.7
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Egypt
Egypt remains stable at 115th position this year. To create growth and
employment, Egypt could build on its large market size (25th); its business
sector, which by some accounts appears more sophisticated than those of
neighboring countries (85th); and its geographical proximity to the large
European market. To do so, Egypt needs to step up its reform efforts and
address the major rigidities that plague its goods, labor, and nancial
markets, on which the country ranks 112th, 135th, and 111th, respectively.
Other priorities include higher education and training (112th), which is below
2016-17
118 / 148
2015-16
107 / 144
2.7
2014-15
Rank
134
2013-14
3.7
2012-13
115
Edition
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Other priorities include higher education and training (112th), which is below
the performance of peer economies, particularly in terms of quality (134th);
as well as the overall security situation (133rd), which remains fragile and
imposes signicant cost for business. Support for reform efforts comes from
the recent drop in oil prices that could open up the scal space to consolidate
the public budget by reducing energy subsidies, which make up a signicant
part of the public spending.
21.0
12.5
10.2
8.4
7.7
5.5
5.4
5.4
4.3
4.1
3.9
3.2
3.1
2.7
1.7
0.9
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Rank / 138
Value
87
100
124
67
84
64
47
28
122
63
81
72
97
135
124
119
114
77
84
131
83
101
3.6
3.9
3.2
3.5
2.8
4.1
4.5
4.1
2.2
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.7
2.7
2.9
3.7
3.3
3.8
4.3
3.9
3.9
4.5
96
3.4
108
107
73
58
52
41
102
82
95
3.1
3.0
2.6
4.3
4.8
590.1
3.5
111.0
7.4
134
2.7
132
121
130
117
98
-11.7
10.9
11.0
87.7
89
5.5
n/a
1
38
16
1
1
91
93
134
28
P.R.
6.8
15.0
6.7
0.1
6.9
20.3
71.1
2.1
98.0
112
3.3
85
81
135
130
138
133
136
137
86.1
31.7
2.1
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.7
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
112
127
103
78
84
96
76
48
130
100
126
125
114
80
120
55
116
4.0
4.2
3.3
3.6
3.4
45.0
7
8.0
2.9
4.0
13.6
3.4
3.8
3.8
24.7
4.9
2.8
135
3.2
96
72
61
129
104
125
133
104
103
133
4.1
5.0
3.9
36.9
3.4
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.7
0.31
111
3.4
54
72
58
136
98
70
105
108
99
117
121
71
96
87
105
72
25
3.3
3.9
3.8
4.4
35.9
4.5
11.3
50.7
5.0
5.1
5.0
1047.9
11.2
85
64
106
32
89
72
116
105
121
34
3.7
4.5
3.8
4.3
3.2
3.7
3.0
3.2
3.8
4.2
135
128
133
137
72
46
74
Trend
4.5
3.8
3.8
1.9
2.5
4.8
3.7
2
19
49
23
132
122
Egypt
2.7
3.1
2.6
2.4
2.4
3.2
4.3
0.8
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
El Salvador 105
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
6.4
Population (millions)
25.8
4040.3
0.05
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
105
3.8
Rank
101 / 144
97 / 148
84 / 144
95 / 140
105 / 138
100
4.2
Score
3.8
3.8
4.0
3.9
3.8
132
3.0
69
4.0
97
4.2
96
5.4
101
3.7
103
3.6
102
4.0
122
3.6
45
4.3
93
3.4
94
3.2
117
3.2
86
3.7
127
2.6
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
El Salvador
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
26.6
14.0
12.1
10.8
10.4
5.5
4.3
3.4
2.8
2.7
2.2
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.0
0.0
14
21
28
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
El Salvador
Rank / 138
Value
132
108
113
121
133
91
99
122
67
120
127
116
129
131
137
138
134
125
69
79
119
120
3.0
3.8
3.4
2.4
1.7
3.5
3.2
2.2
3.2
2.7
2.6
2.7
3.1
3.0
1.8
1.9
2.3
3.1
4.6
4.8
3.5
3.8
69
4.0
91
73
3.5
3.9
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
91
74
82
69
25
70
97
3.5
4.3
104.6
4.9
145.3
14.7
4.2
71
122
85
86
82
-3.2
10.6
-0.7
58.9
96
5.4
13
11
62
112
85
114
79
87
128
83
0.2
6.0
41.0
4.3
0.5
4.3
14.4
72.8
2.5
93.1
103
3.6
94
86
133
127
118
118
116
110
81.1
28.9
2.3
2.6
3.5
3.3
3.6
3.5
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
102
53
119
123
108
74
94
92
134
110
61
82
101
123
59
59
113
4.0
5.3
3.0
3.0
3.1
38.7
8
16.5
2.7
3.9
4.2
4.3
4.1
3.2
46.2
4.8
2.8
122
3.6
109
55
90
101
82
128
113
120
121
107
45
50
56
94
65
100
60
76
13
93
92
109
107
101
85
56
110
94
4.0
5.2
3.5
22.9
3.8
3.1
3.6
2.6
2.4
0.64
4.3
4.5
4.0
3.1
4.0
2.5
5.1
4.2
9
3.4
4.3
4.0
3.8
26.9
5.5
62.0
19.9
3.2
91
99
95
86
3.0
3.8
52.9
30.0
86
90
88
107
117
85
87
92
75
40
3.7
4.3
4.1
3.2
2.8
3.7
3.4
3.5
4.3
4.1
127
103
129
116
118
132
135
88
Trend
2.6
3.8
2.6
2.8
2.8
2.4
2.7
0.3
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Estonia 30
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
1.3
Population (millions)
22.7
17288.1
0.03
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
30
4.8
Rank
34 / 144
32 / 148
29 / 144
30 / 140
30 / 138
20
5.7
Score
4.6
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.8
23
5.1
33
5.0
12
6.1
12
6.5
28
4.8
18
5.5
20
5.1
15
5.0
22
4.8
32
5.4
100
3.0
33
4.2
44
4.3
28
4.1
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Estonia
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
18.2
17.3
10.2
9.9
8.5
8.3
8.0
5.0
4.4
3.9
1.8
1.7
1.4
0.7
0.7
0.0
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Estonia
Value
23
25
26
28
37
18
18
23
19
24
40
26
24
12
21
10
20
28
21
21
44
73
5.1
5.5
5.5
4.8
3.9
6.1
5.7
4.2
4.3
4.1
4.3
4.5
5.1
6.2
5.5
6.3
6.1
4.8
5.7
5.7
4.3
5.5
33
5.0
22
45
33
14
64
117
42
22
36
5.2
4.7
4.0
5.6
4.5
28.1
5.7
148.7
30.3
12
6.1
11
39
57
5
24
0.5
25.9
0.1
10.1
12
6.5
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
45
33
114
43
9
43
8
41
18
23
24
26
11
31
12
27
27
20.0
6.4
1.3
6.0
2.3
77.2
5.7
97.3
5.5
108.6
72.9
4.6
5.4
4.9
5.9
5.2
4.7
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
20
16
36
23
23
108
11
13
31
18
5
9
9
13
16
25
50
5.1
5.8
4.1
4.7
4.5
49.4
3
3.5
4.4
5.0
1.0
5.8
5.7
5.4
81.5
5.4
3.6
15
23
1
17
46
56
12
27
84
69
29
22
28
18
47
30
25
28
23
28
32
25
24
40
15
22
78
8
100
5.0
5.2
6.2
4.7
12.9
4.0
5.0
5.3
3.3
3.3
0.90
4.8
4.9
4.9
4.1
4.6
3.6
5.8
5.4
7
5.4
5.7
5.4
4.8
88.4
28.7
30.9
114.3
3.0
107
77
100
15
2.6
4.2
37.5
82.5
44
61
23
63
57
70
57
50
72
24
4.3
4.6
5.2
3.8
3.6
3.8
3.8
4.1
4.4
4.5
28
27
21
36
35
49
45
31
Trend
4.1
4.9
5.3
3.9
4.1
3.5
4.3
18.7
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Ethiopia 109
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
89.8
686.6
61.6
0.14
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
121 / 144
127 / 148
118 / 144
109 / 140
109 / 138
106
4.0
Score
3.6
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
75
3.9
115
2.8
78
4.5
111
4.7
117
3.5
127
2.8
105
4.0
70
4.2
102
3.5
131
2.4
66
3.8
74
3.5
93
3.7
57
3.4
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Ethiopia
2013-14
3.8
2012-13
109
Edition
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
14.4
10.7
10.4
9.3
7.3
7.1
6.9
6.4
5.6
4.7
4.2
4.2
3.6
2.2
2.0
0.9
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Ethiopia
Value
75
90
88
49
41
93
73
34
55
55
55
53
98
117
91
93
92
63
112
132
91
129
3.9
4.0
3.8
4.0
3.8
3.5
3.8
3.9
3.4
3.6
4.0
3.7
3.7
4.2
4.1
4.3
3.9
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.5
115
2.8
94
83
48
90
105
52
104
136
124
3.4
3.7
3.4
3.5
3.7
398.3
3.4
42.8
0.9
78
4.5
52
36
129
70
123
-2.5
27.0
10.1
48.6
111
4.7
46
33
116
114
111
116
117
115
107
120
3919.2
5.0
207.0
4.3
1.2
4.2
41.4
64.0
3.1
85.8
127
2.8
133
121
83
97
120
99
101
99
36.2
8.1
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.7
3.9
3.6
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
105
135
58
57
50
46
122
98
45
123
122
109
117
96
77
132
60
4.0
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.9
32.1
11
19.0
4.1
3.6
13.0
3.8
3.7
3.6
38.4
3.7
3.5
70
3.8
4.2
3.6
19.1
4.2
3.8
3.6
3.6
3.8
0.88
102
3.5
131
123
130
102
127
113
134
123
66
3.6
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.4
3.8
3.8
3
2.4
3.7
3.5
3.9
11.6
0.7
2.0
11.9
3.8
61
96
65
133
3.8
3.9
161.6
10.8
93
131
121
84
59
55
45
84
122
108
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.6
3.9
4.0
3.6
3.8
3.4
57
4.2
117
116
87
84
50
79
107
63
43
41
113
70
61
79
35
116
94
97
104
70
39
39
50
73
114
Trend
3.4
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.5
3.9
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Finland 10
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
5.5
Population (millions)
229.7
41974.0
0.20
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
10
5.4
Rank
3 / 144
3 / 148
4 / 144
8 / 140
10 / 138
12
5.9
Score
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.4
6.1
26
5.3
46
5.1
6.9
14
5.3
6.2
19
5.1
23
4.8
5.5
16
6.0
59
4.1
5.5
12
5.3
5.7
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Finland
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
29.4
19.1
10.5
10.3
9.4
9.2
8.3
1.6
0.8
0.8
0.5
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16
24
32
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Finland
Value
1
2
2
2
5
1
1
2
9
13
5
2
7
3
4
1
1
4
2
5
2
63
6.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
5.8
6.8
6.7
5.6
4.8
4.5
5.7
5.8
6.0
6.4
6.4
6.7
6.8
6.2
6.6
6.2
6.1
5.7
26
5.3
7
12
6
7
5
47
13
33
82
6.1
5.7
5.7
6.2
6.2
488.2
6.6
135.5
9.8
46
5.1
73
77
65
90
12
-3.4
19.0
-0.2
62.4
6.9
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
11
1
1
3
4
23
1
10
2
2
4
3
2
18
18
4
7
5.6
7.0
0.1
6.9
1.9
81.1
6.7
99.4
6.2
145.5
88.7
5.7
6.2
5.4
5.8
6.0
5.4
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
19
94
47
3
52
72
11
81
35
6
5
42
5
3
81
23
14
5.1
4.8
3.9
5.5
3.9
37.9
3
14.0
4.3
5.4
1.0
5.1
6.0
6.1
37.4
5.4
4.5
23
22
138
91
33
112
18
1
11
64
10
5
9
4
24
10
5
1
2
28
16
1
6
57
9
16
15
1
59
4.8
5.2
2.2
3.5
10.1
3.3
4.8
6.3
5.2
3.5
0.97
5.5
5.6
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.6
6.6
6.2
7
6.0
6.6
5.9
4.6
92.7
31.7
208.5
144.1
4.1
60
62
59
59
3.9
4.8
225.0
36.4
12
92
15
18
12
15
12
4
84
5
5.3
4.2
5.4
4.9
5.9
5.2
5.1
6.2
4.2
5.6
5.7
6
8
7
2
26
1
4
Trend
5.6
5.8
5.4
5.7
3.8
6.1
291.2
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
France 21
Key Indicators, 2015
st
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
64.3
Population (millions)
2421.6
37675.0
2.33
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
21 / 144
23 / 148
23 / 144
22 / 140
21 / 138
25
5.5
Score
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.2
29
4.9
6.1
67
4.7
19
6.4
19
5.1
21
5.5
31
4.7
51
4.4
31
4.6
17
5.9
5.7
15
5.1
14
5.2
17
4.9
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
France
France remains stable this year (moving up one spot to 21). Its largest
improvement is in the innovation and sophistication subindex (15th, up ve),
although the underlying score improvements are small. The macroeconomic
environment (67th) is improving but still weak: although the budget decit
has been reduced, government debt is approaching 100 percent of GDP and
ination is near zero. Relatively low levels of efciency of both the goods and
labor markets have traditionally weighed down competitiveness in France. In
a move that should ultimately boost competitiveness, the French government
pushed through wide-ranging labor market reforms in July 2016 against
2013-14
5.2
2012-13
21
Edition
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
23.8
23.4
19.2
11.7
7.3
3.9
3.6
2.6
1.8
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.3
0.0
0.0
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
France
Rank / 138
Value
29
27
10
24
39
28
28
30
73
115
22
27
36
113
64
55
29
26
25
10
31
29
4.9
5.4
6.0
5.0
3.9
5.5
5.3
4.0
3.1
2.8
4.9
4.5
4.6
4.3
4.8
5.1
5.8
5.0
5.6
6.1
4.8
6.5
6.1
8
6
4
23
13
10
7
96
1
6.0
6.0
5.8
5.3
5.9
3997.5
6.7
102.6
59.9
67
4.7
79
62
56
124
16
-3.6
21.4
0.1
96.8
19
6.4
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
27
34
76
48
26
7
28
16
21
17
37
33
12
15
40
20
24
8.7
6.4
0.4
6.0
3.5
82.4
4.9
98.8
5.5
110.6
64.4
4.5
5.3
5.5
4.9
5.5
4.8
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
31
14
24
18
124
124
41
15
62
83
5
14
50
31
98
30
26
4.7
5.8
4.3
5.0
2.8
62.7
5
4.0
3.8
4.2
1.0
5.5
4.8
4.9
33.1
5.3
4.1
51
110
65
129
44
125
53
22
86
51
32
31
33
26
17
51
28
32
18
86
17
4.4
3.9
5.1
2.6
11.9
3.0
4.2
5.5
3.3
3.6
0.90
4.6
4.8
4.7
5.0
4.3
3.5
5.7
5.6
4
5.9
17
33
28
23
4
25
36
6.1
5.2
5.0
84.7
41.3
130.0
74.7
5.7
9
10
10
80
5.6
6.0
2646.9
30.8
14
15
11
26
13
9
9
16
6
51
5.2
5.1
5.5
4.6
5.9
5.5
5.2
5.7
5.6
3.9
17
4.9
8
9
9
32
24
26
14
Trend
5.4
5.8
5.2
4.3
3.8
4.7
122.9
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Gabon 108
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
1.9
Population (millions)
14.3
7735.9
0.03
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
99 / 144
112 / 148
106 / 144
103 / 140
108 / 138
91
4.3
Score
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.8
3.8
85
3.7
107
3.1
25
5.6
109
4.8
122
3.3
121
3.0
125
3.7
101
3.9
103
3.5
109
3.1
112
2.8
128
2.9
131
3.2
124
2.7
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Gabon
2013-14
3.8
2012-13
108
Edition
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
17.7
15.3
11.9
9.2
7.8
7.5
6.3
5.8
5.6
4.9
4.9
1.0
1.0
0.7
0.5
0.0
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Gabon
Value
85
83
102
100
71
98
108
78
66
79
84
97
61
61
73
73
90
82
100
32
63
120
3.7
4.1
3.6
2.9
3.0
3.5
3.1
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.4
3.0
4.3
5.4
4.6
4.9
3.9
3.7
4.1
5.4
4.1
3.8
107
3.1
119
121
64
101
108
111
114
10
120
2.9
2.8
2.8
3.2
3.6
33.3
2.9
168.9
1.1
25
5.6
48
9
55
62
89
-2.3
34.8
0.1
43.9
109
4.8
55 20738.6
66
3.2
134
444.0
105
4.4
125
3.9
117
4.1
113
36.1
114
64.4
87
3.6
67
95.2
121
115
120
116
95
98
121
128
84
3.0
53.3
8.4
2.9
3.6
3.8
3.2
3.4
3.7
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
125
134
131
103
65
97
76
128
122
132
124
23
72
92
106
118
94
3.7
4.0
2.8
3.3
3.7
45.7
7
50.0
3.1
3.3
13.4
5.4
4.6
3.6
30.5
3.9
3.0
101
3.9
98
101
98
80
21
131
97
93
59
92
4.1
4.5
3.4
18.8
4.6
3.1
3.8
3.2
3.5
0.70
103
3.5
122
128
87
118
118
89
96
46
109
3.4
2.7
3.3
3.0
2.2
4.4
3.8
6
3.1
113
107
113
104
114
107
99
4.0
4.1
3.7
23.5
0.6
8.5
33.1
112
2.8
110
111
108
85
2.5
3.6
34.6
30.1
131
133
124
132
100
132
134
126
120
121
3.2
3.5
3.5
2.8
3.0
2.9
2.7
2.8
3.8
3.2
124
118
109
117
130
119
134
85
Trend
2.7
3.6
3.2
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.8
0.4
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
rd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
2.0
450.9
0.9
0.00
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
125 / 144
123 / 140
123 / 138
124
3.6
Score
3.8
3.7
3.5
3.5
3.5
52
4.2
93
3.4
129
3.8
123
3.3
108
3.4
82
4.2
46
4.5
100
3.5
112
2.9
138
1.3
89
3.4
71
3.8
106
3.0
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Gambia, The
2016-17
116 / 148
2015-16
98 / 144
2.8
2014-15
Rank
133
2013-14
3.5
2012-13
123
Edition
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
19.8
17.6
14.6
13.6
6.4
5.0
4.8
3.6
3.4
3.3
3.3
2.1
0.9
0.7
0.5
0.4
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Gambia, The
Rank / 138
Value
52
75
86
45
44
68
93
33
27
15
45
56
42
62
37
38
48
58
90
59
77
126
4.2
4.2
3.8
4.1
3.7
4.0
3.5
3.9
4.0
4.4
4.2
3.6
4.5
5.4
5.3
5.5
4.9
4.0
4.2
5.0
4.0
3.7
93
3.4
82
74
3.7
3.9
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
68
79
128
101
39
110
133
4.0
4.1
13.2
3.5
131.3
2.3
2.8
115
130
116
121
130
-6.5
4.6
6.8
91.6
129
3.8
59 22819.2
54
3.8
114
174.0
87
5.1
120
1.8
79
5.3
123
47.9
123
60.2
62
4.2
135
67.9
108
111
135
40
104
68
96
64
88
3.4
57.5
3.1
4.3
3.4
4.2
3.7
4.3
3.7
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
82
85
52
39
72
125
76
107
9
77
130
49
58
53
42
62
117
4.2
4.8
3.9
4.1
3.6
63.3
7
25.0
5.0
4.3
14.3
4.9
4.8
4.4
54.2
4.7
2.7
46
4.4
5.6
4.0
26.0
4.2
4.2
4.6
3.5
3.6
0.88
100
3.5
85
69
122
120
102
76
86
86
4.0
3.8
2.6
2.9
2.4
4.7
4.0
4
112
2.9
138
4.3
4.2
4.0
17.1
0.2
13.3
10.0
1.3
138
136
138
67
1.0
2.4
3.3
34.9
71
67
64
60
69
76
94
111
101
49
3.8
4.5
4.3
3.8
3.5
3.7
3.3
3.1
4.1
3.9
106
4.5
66
24
52
107
45
56
49
67
55
42
98
91
92
122
123
100
125
60
113
100
127
32
128
81
Trend
3.0
4.2
3.1
2.9
2.6
3.8
3.0
0.4
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Georgia 59
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
3.7
Population (millions)
14.0
3788.6
0.03
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
59
4.3
Rank
77 / 144
72 / 148
69 / 144
66 / 140
59 / 138
46
4.9
Score
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.3
43
4.4
65
4.1
40
5.2
64
5.9
69
4.1
89
4.1
46
4.6
43
4.5
58
4.2
65
4.2
101
3.0
113
3.2
102
3.6
116
2.8
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
Georgia
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Eurasia
15.5
13.2
10.1
9.8
9.0
8.2
8.2
8.0
4.6
3.9
3.9
2.8
1.6
0.8
0.3
0.0
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Georgia
Rank / 138
Value
43
43
99
42
77
23
63
45
69
8
53
52
43
38
23
26
40
68
61
77
105
20
4.4
4.8
3.6
4.2
2.9
5.6
4.0
3.5
3.2
4.8
4.0
3.7
4.5
5.7
5.5
5.8
5.3
3.9
4.7
4.8
3.6
6.8
65
4.1
75
78
38
71
88
99
66
48
46
4.0
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.0
55.4
4.9
129.0
22.1
40
5.2
24
58
80
56
83
-1.2
21.7
4.0
41.2
64
5.9
1
6
94
67
60
44
62
69
93
14
0.0
6.3
106.0
5.7
0.3
6.0
10.6
74.7
3.4
99.0
89
4.1
49
71
95
100
97
73
125
125
99.4
39.2
3.3
3.5
3.8
4.2
3.5
3.3
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
46
78
76
114
11
9
3
5
65
14
4
92
23
12
25
105
89
4.6
5.0
3.6
3.1
5.1
16.4
2
2.0
3.8
5.0
0.9
4.2
5.4
5.4
66.7
4.1
3.1
43
89
20
20
19
10
75
56
100
106
84
58
79
82
130
52
94
54
81
13
65
111
111
97
85
58
36
73
101
4.5
4.2
5.7
4.6
8.6
5.2
3.9
4.5
3.0
2.6
0.76
4.2
4.1
3.6
2.4
4.2
2.6
5.2
4.1
9
4.2
4.0
4.0
4.0
45.2
14.6
101.5
50.4
3.0
99
104
105
57
2.7
3.7
35.6
37.6
102
132
116
122
60
75
86
95
77
117
3.6
3.5
3.7
3.0
3.6
3.7
3.4
3.4
4.3
3.2
116
2.8
105
118
123
119
84
115
59
Trend
3.7
3.0
2.7
2.7
3.1
3.3
2.1
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Germany 5
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
81.9
Population (millions)
3357.6
40996.5
3.38
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
6 / 144
4 / 148
5 / 144
4 / 140
5 / 138
10
5.9
Score
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.6
22
5.2
6.1
15
6.0
14
6.5
5.4
16
5.6
23
5.0
22
4.8
20
4.9
10
6.1
6.0
5.6
5.6
5.6
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Germany
Despite a slight improvement in its overall score, Germany drops one place
to 5th. Its macroeconomic environment is generally stable, with a very low
government decit, yetlike the rest of the euro zoneit faces near-zero
ination. The country continues to push the innovation frontier, ranking high
on the pillars of technological readiness (10th), innovation (5th), and
business sophistication (3rd). Germany does well in efciently using its talent
(14th), supported by management practices that encourage worker
involvement. As recent empirical evidence suggests, this type of
decentralized management is effective in incentivizing quality upgrades and
other types of product improvements, which in turn boost export
2013-14
5.6
2012-13
Edition
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
14.3
14.1
12.0
11.1
10.6
6.3
5.7
5.3
5.2
3.8
2.4
2.2
2.0
2.0
1.6
1.4
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Germany
Rank / 138
Value
22
17
19
25
16
29
24
17
20
18
17
15
19
85
63
64
39
22
18
22
32
49
5.2
5.8
5.8
5.0
4.8
5.5
5.6
4.6
4.2
4.3
5.1
5.0
5.4
4.9
4.8
5.0
5.3
5.2
5.8
5.7
4.8
6.0
6.1
13
16
11
11
12
6
19
67
5
5.7
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.9
5338.4
6.4
116.7
54.9
15
6.0
10
33
49
103
3
0.6
27.3
0.1
71.0
14
6.5
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
15
26
1
30
20
25
20
18
16
33
35
13
17
23
37
13
12
6.2
6.5
0.2
6.3
3.1
80.8
5.2
98.6
5.6
102.4
65.5
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.0
5.8
5.2
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
23
10
3
16
55
104
108
65
20
51
5
47
51
32
73
24
23
5.0
5.9
5.3
5.0
3.9
48.8
9
10.5
4.5
4.6
1.0
4.9
4.8
4.9
39.9
5.4
4.1
22
25
126
43
94
93
10
15
17
16
40
20
22
15
12
15
21
45
28
46
10
4.8
5.1
3.9
4.1
21.6
3.7
5.0
5.7
4.8
4.7
0.88
4.9
5.2
4.9
5.2
5.0
3.8
5.4
5.3
6
6.1
16
12
17
19
9
29
35
6.1
5.7
5.2
87.6
37.2
117.5
75.1
6.0
5
3
5
39
5.8
6.5
3840.6
47.0
3
2
4
4
10
5
1
7
7
19
5.6
5.7
5.9
5.4
5.9
5.8
5.6
6.1
5.5
4.9
5.6
5
11
5
8
6
16
7
Trend
5.7
5.8
5.6
5.4
4.5
5.0
219.1
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Ghana 114
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
26.9
1340.4
36.0
0.10
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
114
3.7
Rank
103 / 144
114 / 148
111 / 144
119 / 140
114 / 138
121
3.6
Score
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.7
72
3.9
111
2.9
132
2.9
115
4.6
91
3.8
99
3.8
93
4.2
72
4.2
85
3.8
95
3.4
72
3.7
67
3.6
68
3.9
69
3.3
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Ghana
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
18.0
14.4
14.0
8.8
7.0
6.5
6.3
5.5
4.9
4.5
3.7
1.9
1.7
1.6
0.7
0.5
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Ghana
Value
72
68
78
90
67
109
46
83
49
62
44
44
85
88
88
82
58
64
93
56
52
63
3.9
4.3
3.9
3.1
3.1
3.1
4.6
2.9
3.5
3.5
4.2
3.9
3.9
4.8
4.2
4.6
4.7
3.9
4.2
5.0
4.2
5.7
111
2.9
103
86
96
82
92
78
126
43
123
3.2
3.5
1.8
3.7
4.0
120.8
2.2
129.7
1.0
132
2.9
104
95
133
105
111
-5.0
15.6
17.2
73.3
115
4.6
63 30985.6
56
3.7
109
165.0
101
4.6
117
1.5
91
4.9
119
42.8
121
61.3
97
3.4
95
91.1
99
100
107
60
93
53
95
53
64
3.8
71.0
15.6
3.9
3.7
4.5
3.7
4.6
4.0
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
93
72
50
91
80
49
94
81
77
61
111
40
73
79
52
93
120
4.2
5.1
3.9
3.4
3.4
32.7
8
14.0
3.7
4.5
10.2
5.1
4.5
3.8
50.6
4.3
2.7
72
59
92
29
131
46
99
35
48
45
7
85
90
110
66
104
105
87
92
28
95
115
95
80
105
120
128
48
72
4.2
4.5
4.7
4.4
49.8
4.2
3.6
4.7
3.8
3.8
0.97
3.8
4.0
3.2
3.7
3.3
2.4
4.5
3.9
7
3.4
3.9
4.2
4.2
23.5
0.3
2.8
66.8
3.7
72
68
73
51
3.5
4.5
114.7
42.4
68
65
95
45
79
57
92
90
66
57
3.9
4.5
4.0
4.0
3.3
3.9
3.3
3.5
4.4
3.9
69
69
81
59
88
45
76
108
Trend
3.3
4.1
3.7
3.4
3.3
3.6
3.9
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Greece 86
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
10.8
Population (millions)
195.3
18064.3
0.25
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
96 / 144
91 / 148
81 / 144
81 / 140
86 / 138
80
4.4
Score
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.0
81
3.8
37
4.8
131
2.9
46
6.1
67
4.1
45
4.9
89
4.2
114
3.8
136
2.5
42
5.0
56
4.2
70
3.6
69
3.9
72
3.3
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Greece
2013-14
4.0
2012-13
86
Edition
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
17.6
17.1
15.6
14.0
12.1
9.3
3.8
3.6
3.5
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.6
0.1
0.1
0.0
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Greece
Rank / 138
Value
81
89
61
80
107
69
69
86
123
129
130
84
121
63
52
50
54
81
105
105
84
47
3.8
4.1
4.3
3.3
2.3
4.0
3.9
2.8
2.2
2.4
2.4
3.2
3.4
5.4
5.0
5.3
4.7
3.7
4.0
4.4
3.8
6.2
37
4.8
64
59
62
47
43
34
55
74
13
4.2
4.3
2.8
4.5
4.9
772.0
5.3
114.0
46.5
131
2.9
92
125
92
137
113
-4.2
9.8
-1.1
178.4
46
6.1
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
7
36
1
42
29
21
82
43
45
25
1
108
62
80
97
106
76
4.8
6.3
0.2
6.1
3.6
81.3
3.8
97.2
4.9
108.2
110.2
3.0
4.3
4.0
3.7
3.8
3.8
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
89
73
61
97
136
109
41
77
126
55
5
93
113
71
105
46
71
4.2
5.1
3.8
3.4
2.1
49.6
5
13.0
3.0
4.5
1.0
4.2
3.8
4.0
31.0
5.0
3.4
114
3.8
105
122
99
69
135
86
95
124
130
78
4.0
4.0
3.4
15.9
2.6
3.7
3.8
2.6
2.1
0.78
136
2.5
132
133
136
137
135
134
125
97
42
58
73
104
54
19
37
75
56
3.0
2.5
2.1
1.7
1.8
2.7
3.2
3
5.0
4.9
4.4
3.9
66.8
30.7
100.9
45.6
4.2
51
60
53
84
4.0
4.8
286.0
30.4
69
84
56
117
47
66
63
58
95
90
3.9
4.3
4.4
3.0
4.0
3.8
3.7
4.0
4.1
3.6
72
96
67
90
124
121
10
38
Trend
3.3
3.8
3.9
3.1
2.7
2.6
5.2
10.5
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Guatemala 78
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
16.3
3929.1
63.9
0.11
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
78
4.1
Rank
83 / 144
86 / 148
78 / 144
78 / 140
78 / 138
93
4.3
Score
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.1
110
3.3
81
3.8
57
4.9
107
5.0
77
4.0
102
3.6
48
4.6
99
3.9
18
4.9
96
3.4
73
3.7
59
3.7
49
4.2
82
3.2
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Guatemala
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
19.7
17.7
14.1
11.0
7.8
6.0
5.5
5.3
3.5
3.1
2.7
1.7
1.3
0.6
0.0
0.0
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Guatemala
Rank / 138
Value
110
64
81
123
127
86
97
116
120
72
108
87
76
111
135
133
128
96
42
34
101
133
3.3
4.3
3.9
2.4
1.8
3.6
3.3
2.3
2.3
3.4
3.0
3.1
4.0
4.3
2.4
2.6
2.7
3.5
5.1
5.3
3.7
3.3
81
3.8
89
92
3.6
3.4
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
86
98
101
43
80
80
57
3.7
3.9
45.8
5.7
111.5
10.6
4.9
31
117
1
19
74
-1.5
11.7
2.4
24.3
107
5.0
29
13
74
53
85
66
97
88
130
117
64.9
5.9
57.0
6.0
0.5
5.7
24.3
71.7
2.5
86.4
102
3.6
109
101
126
134
48
92
34
40
63.5
18.3
2.6
2.4
4.5
3.8
5.0
4.4
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
48
26
44
110
33
71
54
96
60
40
47
62
24
111
99
28
56
4.6
5.5
4.0
3.2
4.1
37.5
6
18.5
3.9
4.6
3.4
4.6
5.4
3.4
32.3
5.3
3.6
99
28
27
40
109
30
57
68
40
75
121
18
21
19
107
22
54
13
29
13
96
46
40
56
100
97
84
124
73
3.9
5.1
5.5
4.1
27.0
4.4
4.2
4.3
4.0
3.3
0.51
4.9
5.2
4.8
2.9
4.7
3.0
6.0
5.3
9
3.4
5.2
5.0
4.6
27.1
2.8
24.7
10.1
3.7
70
84
72
107
3.5
4.1
125.9
21.0
49
32
39
54
81
43
51
53
33
43
4.2
4.8
4.8
3.8
3.3
4.2
3.9
4.1
4.8
4.0
82
46
94
63
59
127
65
104
Trend
3.2
4.4
3.5
3.3
3.5
2.5
4.0
0.1
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Honduras 88
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
8.4
Population (millions)
20.3
2406.6
0.04
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
88
4.0
Rank
90 / 144
111 / 148
100 / 144
88 / 140
88 / 138
92
4.3
Score
3.9
3.7
3.8
4.0
4.0
109
3.3
99
3.3
55
4.9
83
5.6
98
3.7
101
3.6
94
4.1
118
3.6
36
4.5
106
3.1
97
3.1
82
3.5
73
3.8
102
3.1
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Honduras
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
15.3
13.8
13.5
13.2
13.0
6.9
4.9
4.2
3.9
3.3
2.3
1.5
1.4
1.3
0.8
0.8
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Honduras
Rank / 138
Value
109
98
68
112
101
97
114
95
119
121
92
101
100
109
134
136
131
95
46
39
56
108
3.3
4.0
4.1
2.6
2.4
3.5
2.9
2.7
2.3
2.7
3.2
3.0
3.7
4.4
2.4
2.5
2.5
3.5
5.0
5.2
4.2
4.3
99
3.3
83
76
3.7
3.8
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
51
83
118
98
102
100
55
4.5
4.1
25.6
3.7
95.5
5.9
4.9
28
79
45
69
108
-1.4
18.8
3.2
47.4
83
5.6
32
25
64
77
76
84
84
85
104
79
138.2
5.4
43.0
5.4
0.4
5.0
17.4
73.1
3.1
94.0
101
3.6
104
97
99
109
96
83
85
50
68.4
21.2
3.2
3.2
3.8
4.0
4.1
4.2
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
94
79
93
87
125
95
126
81
90
82
53
77
53
112
30
66
101
4.1
5.0
3.4
3.5
2.8
44.3
12
14.0
3.5
4.3
4.0
4.4
4.8
3.4
63.7
4.7
3.0
118
3.6
38
93
55
123
97
69
99
71
73
119
36
4.5
4.6
4.0
2.5
4.3
2.8
5.8
5.0
9
106
3.1
97
4.6
4.5
4.6
20.4
2.3
23.6
17.2
3.1
98
88
98
33
2.7
4.0
41.1
51.5
73
85
65
67
104
84
68
81
42
69
3.8
4.3
4.3
3.7
3.0
3.7
3.6
3.6
4.7
3.7
102
4.8
4.7
3.9
30.3
3.6
3.9
3.8
3.5
3.3
0.57
47
59
125
48
70
23
41
13
74
70
51
113
99
86
113
64
115
99
99
81
93
121
Trend
3.1
4.2
3.1
3.0
3.1
3.1
3.7
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
7.3
Population (millions)
309.9
42389.6
0.36
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
5.5
Rank
9 / 144
7 / 148
7 / 144
7 / 140
9 / 138
6.2
Score
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.7
6.7
6.2
26
6.3
5.6
14
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.5
6.2
33
4.8
23
4.8
17
5.2
27
4.4
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
Ranked for the fth consecutive year in the top 10, Hong Kong SAR (9th,
down two) achieves a strong and consistent performance: it ranks no lower
than 33rd in any of the pillars and features in the top 10 pillars of seven of
them. It tops the infrastructure pillar for the seventh time, reecting the
outstanding quality of its facilities across all modes of transportation. Its
nancial sector (4th) is very well developed, highly sophisticated, trustworthy,
and stable. Hong Kongs domestic market is highly competitive, efcient, and
one of the most open in the world. Its labor market is among the worlds most
exible and efcient (3rd worldwide). Finally, Hong Kong is hyper-connected
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
17.7
14.5
11.7
11.4
9.9
9.8
6.5
4.4
3.5
2.5
2.0
2.0
1.8
1.2
1.1
0.1
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Rank / 138
Value
9
7
13
12
21
12
8
15
14
4
2
3
4
11
9
18
15
17
7
33
9
1
5.7
6.2
6.0
5.9
4.6
6.3
6.3
4.6
4.5
5.2
6.0
5.6
6.0
6.2
6.1
6.0
6.2
5.5
6.2
5.4
5.4
8.3
6.7
3
3
3
4
3
17
3
2
3
6.4
6.2
6.4
6.4
6.6
2768.0
6.8
228.8
59.2
6.2
4
43
40
1
17
1.5
24.8
3.0
0.1
26
6.3
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
84
50
1
58
3
1
27
76
14
42
28
20
8
10
8
19
25
74.0
6.0
0.1
5.8
1.7
84.0
5.0
94.6
5.7
100.6
68.8
4.8
5.5
5.6
6.0
5.5
4.8
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
2
2
21
27
3
20
3
3
46
2
1
6
2
1
1
10
2
5.7
6.2
4.5
4.4
6.0
22.8
2
1.5
4.1
5.5
0.0
6.0
6.4
6.2
204.3
5.7
5.0
14
2
2
14
4
3
26
10
9
73
1
1
6
33
11
6
4
20
19
16
12
22
15
2
14
33
5.6
5.5
6.2
5.7
5.7
5.9
5.5
5.4
5.2
5.4
0.80
5.5
6.0
5.7
5.6
4.5
4.3
6.5
6.1
8
6.2
6.0
5.6
5.3
84.9
31.9
4155.7
107.0
4.8
40
9
43
1
4.3
6.0
414.6
198.4
17
3
8
15
19
20
16
26
11
25
5.2
5.7
5.6
5.0
5.3
5.1
4.9
5.2
5.4
4.5
27
35
31
34
22
29
43
n/a
Trend
4.4
4.7
4.8
4.0
4.6
3.8
4.3
n/a
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Hungary 69
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
9.9
Population (millions)
120.6
12239.9
0.23
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
69
4.2
Rank
60 / 144
63 / 148
60 / 144
63 / 140
69 / 138
69
4.6
Score
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.2
114
3.3
62
4.2
47
5.1
78
5.6
56
4.3
72
4.4
59
4.4
80
4.1
70
4.0
54
4.5
53
4.3
97
3.4
113
3.5
80
3.2
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Hungary
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
21.0
20.5
9.7
8.8
8.3
7.8
5.4
5.0
3.8
3.6
3.4
1.5
0.8
0.4
0.1
0.0
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Hungary
Rank / 138
Value
114
134
85
108
97
57
102
135
92
123
114
108
136
89
17
81
70
136
110
111
60
73
3.3
2.9
3.8
2.7
2.5
4.3
3.1
1.9
2.6
2.6
2.9
2.8
2.7
4.8
5.7
4.6
4.3
2.6
3.9
4.3
4.1
5.5
62
4.2
49
69
44
103
73
69
73
63
34
4.5
4.1
3.5
3.2
4.3
188.1
4.8
118.9
31.2
47
5.1
45
34
63
109
53
-2.2
27.1
-0.1
75.5
78
5.6
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
31
32
1
18
39
52
96
99
72
27
51
114
83
73
90
96
115
12.0
6.4
0.1
6.5
5.3
75.9
3.4
90.8
4.4
107.0
53.2
2.9
3.8
4.1
3.8
4.0
3.4
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
59
129
113
59
40
103
22
26
129
114
5
70
38
35
12
72
74
4.4
4.2
3.1
3.7
4.0
48.4
4
5.0
2.9
3.8
1.0
4.5
5.1
4.8
89.7
4.6
3.4
80
82
78
30
54
101
108
108
130
122
61
70
89
63
93
29
60
114
133
8
54
38
135
68
42
31
62
86
53
4.1
4.3
4.9
4.4
13.4
3.5
3.5
3.6
2.4
2.4
0.82
4.0
4.0
3.9
3.1
4.6
3.0
3.9
2.7
10
4.5
5.5
3.4
4.4
72.8
27.4
55.4
39.8
4.3
58
31
57
9
3.9
5.4
258.4
99.5
113
137
68
96
56
113
82
89
137
129
3.5
3.4
4.3
3.4
3.7
3.3
3.4
3.6
3.2
3.0
80
101
39
98
109
114
83
27
Trend
3.2
3.8
4.5
3.0
2.9
2.7
3.8
23.7
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Iceland 27
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
0.3
Population (millions)
16.7
50854.6
0.01
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
27
5.0
Rank
30 / 144
31 / 148
30 / 144
29 / 140
27 / 138
16
5.8
Score
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.8
5.0
17
5.4
19
5.6
29
5.5
6.6
32
4.7
11
5.9
29
4.7
10
5.2
53
4.2
6.2
129
2.3
24
4.8
27
4.8
21
4.7
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Iceland
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
22.5
14.7
12.1
8.7
8.7
8.5
5.6
4.3
4.0
3.3
2.9
1.9
1.7
0.5
0.5
0.1
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Iceland
Value
17
16
23
19
24
4
20
26
36
16
16
12
17
4
8
5
8
20
30
24
25
20
5.4
5.8
5.7
5.4
4.5
6.6
5.7
4.1
3.8
4.3
5.2
5.3
5.4
6.4
6.1
6.5
6.4
5.3
5.4
5.6
5.0
6.8
19
5.6
11
38
5.8
4.8
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
8
11
65
8
73
12
29
5.9
6.0
220.7
6.7
114.0
49.9
5.5
9
48
1
99
51
0.7
23.5
1.6
67.6
6.6
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
4
8
1
14
2
12
15
19
11
15
12
11
23
20
2
21
17
3.3
6.8
0.2
6.6
1.6
82.1
5.5
98.6
5.9
111.2
82.2
5.3
5.0
5.4
6.3
5.4
5.1
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
29
87
62
30
39
38
41
15
108
80
42
124
122
22
55
15
25
4.7
4.8
3.8
4.3
4.1
29.6
5
4.0
3.2
4.3
2.9
3.4
3.6
5.1
48.5
5.6
4.1
10
12
121
4
50
52
14
20
14
33
12
53
37
98
37
32
27
74
55
68
8
8
3
82
1
10
5
18
129
5.2
5.6
4.0
5.6
13.0
4.1
4.9
5.5
4.9
4.0
0.95
4.2
4.7
3.4
4.3
4.5
3.6
4.7
4.6
5
6.2
6.4
6.0
4.2
98.2
37.0
725.8
93.4
2.3
129
115
129
30
1.9
3.5
15.2
53.8
27
100
30
42
27
27
23
19
27
15
4.8
4.2
5.1
4.1
4.7
4.5
4.6
5.5
5.0
5.0
21
23
20
21
16
36
15
17
Trend
4.7
5.1
5.4
4.6
4.8
3.7
5.0
105.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
India 39
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
1292.7
1617.3
2090.7
7.02
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
39
4.5
Rank
59 / 144
60 / 148
71 / 144
55 / 140
39 / 138
63
4.6
Score
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.5
42
4.4
68
4.0
75
4.5
85
5.5
46
4.4
81
4.1
60
4.4
84
4.1
38
4.4
110
3.0
6.4
30
4.2
35
4.4
29
4.0
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
India
India climbs for the second year in a row, to 39th. Its 16-place improvement
is the largest this year. Indias competitiveness has improved across the
board, in particular in goods market efciency, business sophistication, and
innovation. Thanks to improved monetary and scal policies, as well as lower
oil prices, the Indian economy has stabilized and now boasts the highest
growth among G20 countries. Recent reform efforts have concentrated on
improving public institutions (up 16), opening the economy to foreign
investors and international trade (up four), and increasing transparency in the
nancial system (up 15). Still, a lot needs to be done. The labor market is
segmented between workers protected by rigid regulations and centralized
wage determination (112th), especially in the manufacturing sector, and
millions of unprotected and informal workers. The efciency of the domestic
market (81st) is hindered by scal regulations that allow federal states to levy
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
South Asia
market (81st) is hindered by scal regulations that allow federal states to levy
different levels of value-added taxes; large, publicly owned enterprises
further reduce the overall efciency of the economy, especially in the utilities
sector and the nancial market, where there is growing concern about the
incidence of non-performing loans. Finally, lack of infrastructure (68th) and
ICT use (120th) remain bottlenecks. Improvement has been slow in recent
years and further investment will be necessary, especially to connect rural
areas and make sure they can equally benet from and contribute to the
countrys development. See Box 6 of Chapter 1.1 of the Global
Competitiveness Report 2016-2017 for an analysis of India's performance
over the past decade.
11.7
10.9
9.6
8.5
7.4
7.4
7.3
6.0
5.7
4.6
4.4
4.2
3.6
3.5
2.8
2.5
12
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Rank / 138
Value
42
101
42
34
31
49
54
29
50
23
32
29
51
122
81
97
53
37
64
94
37
8
4.4
3.9
4.5
4.5
4.2
4.5
4.3
4.1
3.5
4.1
4.6
4.4
4.4
4.0
4.4
4.3
4.7
4.5
4.7
4.6
4.5
7.3
68
4.0
51
51
23
48
63
8
88
123
114
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.5
4324.2
4.3
78.8
2.0
75
4.5
119
15
101
98
47
-7.2
32.0
4.9
67.2
85
5.5
41
57
111
129
60
127
115
106
40
92
1312.4
3.6
167.0
3.7
0.3
3.7
37.9
68.0
4.7
92.3
81
4.1
102
93
29
44
43
74
55
30
68.9
23.9
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.2
4.5
4.6
Trend
Rank / 138
60
96
31
31
25
123
132
115
44
47
123
72
71
37
121
71
17
84
67
112
15
67
37
33
66
32
22
130
38
Value
4.1
4.4
4.3
4.8
15.7
4.4
4.5
4.3
4.3
4.4
0.35
4.4
4.6
4.3
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.7
4.5
6
110
3.0
78
81
54
102
106
117
127
4.5
4.4
4.6
26.0
1.3
5.7
9.4
6.4
3
4
3
112
6.4
6.4
7965.2
20.2
35
36
59
27
36
26
28
45
61
56
4.4
4.8
4.4
4.5
4.2
4.6
4.4
4.3
4.5
3.9
39
36
28
24
7
36
64
Trend
4.4
4.7
4.2
4.3
4.5
60.6
13
29.0
4.1
4.6
13.0
4.4
4.6
4.6
24.6
4.6
4.5
45
38
31
39
9
75
58
46
29
India
4.0
4.6
4.6
4.3
4.5
4.5
4.6
1.6
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Indonesia 41
Key Indicators, 2015
st
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
255.5
3362.4
859.0
2.50
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
41
4.5
Rank
50 / 144
38 / 148
34 / 144
37 / 140
41 / 138
52
4.8
Score
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.5
4.5
56
4.1
60
4.2
30
5.5
100
5.3
49
4.4
63
4.5
58
4.4
108
3.8
42
4.3
91
3.5
10
5.7
32
4.2
39
4.3
31
4.0
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Indonesia
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
11.8
9.3
9.0
8.6
7.6
6.5
6.3
6.1
5.6
4.8
4.6
4.1
4.0
4.0
3.7
3.7
12
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Indonesia
Rank / 138
Value
56
60
50
51
49
84
60
39
30
37
52
42
62
115
102
108
71
46
80
68
47
79
4.1
4.4
4.3
3.9
3.6
3.6
4.1
3.8
3.9
3.9
4.0
3.9
4.3
4.2
3.9
4.1
4.3
4.3
4.4
4.9
4.3
5.3
60
4.2
80
75
39
75
62
14
89
38
86
3.8
3.9
3.8
3.9
4.5
3228.4
4.2
132.3
8.8
30
5.5
53
14
111
22
56
-2.5
32.5
6.4
27.3
100
5.3
43
47
132
122
85
124
95
102
54
106
1611.3
4.3
399.0
4.1
0.5
3.9
22.8
68.9
4.3
89.7
63
4.5
92
82
39
53
49
43
49
34
82.5
31.1
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.9
4.7
4.5
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
58
51
43
51
37
39
133
126
40
91
62
60
91
73
129
49
38
4.4
5.3
4.0
3.9
4.1
29.7
13
47.8
4.2
4.2
4.4
4.7
4.3
4.0
20.1
4.9
3.8
108
3.8
45
109
27
133
43
29
41
35
28
115
42
34
36
29
26
20
72
60
68
91
4.7
4.3
4.4
57.8
4.2
4.6
4.7
4.2
4.2
0.61
4.3
4.8
4.4
4.4
4.7
3.8
4.8
4.5
5
3.5
73
39
50
107
108
112
79
4.7
5.0
4.6
22.0
1.1
6.6
42.0
10
5.7
8
18
8
113
5.7
5.8
2842.2
20.0
39
40
70
29
54
36
39
59
35
27
4.3
4.7
4.3
4.5
3.7
4.3
4.1
4.0
4.8
4.5
31
32
41
26
28
12
38
99
Trend
4.0
4.7
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.3
4.5
0.1
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
79.5
Population (millions)
387.6
4877.1
1.21
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
76
4.1
Rank
66 / 144
82 / 148
83 / 144
74 / 140
76 / 138
61
4.6
Score
4.2
4.1
4.0
4.1
4.1
90
3.6
59
4.2
72
4.6
49
6.1
89
3.9
60
4.6
111
4.0
134
3.2
131
2.9
97
3.3
19
5.2
101
3.3
109
3.5
89
3.2
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
14.8
12.2
12.1
10.9
10.0
9.2
5.4
4.8
4.6
4.0
3.6
3.3
3.0
1.5
0.6
0.1
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Rank / 138
Value
90
104
126
83
52
92
91
49
81
97
76
96
116
105
79
90
73
85
116
128
117
117
3.6
3.9
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.4
2.9
3.1
3.5
3.0
3.5
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.3
3.6
3.8
4.0
3.5
4.0
59
4.2
76
68
46
73
111
53
63
104
23
4.0
4.1
3.5
3.9
3.4
376.9
5.0
93.4
38.3
72
4.6
66
22
131
9
105
-2.9
30.1
12.0
17.1
49
6.1
8
17
50
74
1
78
75
60
65
11
0.0
5.7
22.0
5.6
0.1
5.3
13.4
75.4
4.1
99.2
60
4.6
79
33
97
48
90
113
78
121
88.4
66.0
3.3
4.6
3.9
3.5
4.1
3.4
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
111
126
75
45
78
94
94
87
95
88
138
137
133
109
135
127
49
4.0
4.2
3.6
3.9
3.5
44.1
8
15.0
3.4
4.2
28.0
2.4
3.2
3.4
14.5
3.8
3.6
134
3.2
124
123
78
102
78
113
130
122
126
137
3.7
4.0
3.6
23.1
3.8
3.4
3.3
2.6
2.2
0.22
131
2.9
117
108
106
124
110
122
128
108
97
107
124
84
88
68
108
109
19
3.5
3.2
3.0
2.8
2.3
3.7
3.0
2
3.3
4.0
3.7
4.2
44.1
10.9
8.5
20.0
5.2
18
32
18
119
5.1
5.4
1371.1
18.7
109
66
107
81
105
100
101
78
130
130
3.5
4.5
3.7
3.6
2.9
3.5
3.2
3.6
3.6
2.9
89
108
66
89
105
66
44
100
Trend
3.2
3.7
3.9
3.1
3.0
3.3
4.3
0.1
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Ireland 23
Key Indicators, 2015
rd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
4.6
Population (millions)
238.0
51350.7
0.23
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
23
5.2
Rank
27 / 144
28 / 148
25 / 144
24 / 140
23 / 138
21
5.6
Score
4.9
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.2
12
5.6
29
5.2
43
5.2
13
6.5
20
5.1
13
5.7
5.4
12
5.1
67
4.0
12
6.1
54
4.3
19
5.0
16
5.2
19
4.8
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Ireland
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
26.4
15.9
15.7
9.2
9.0
4.4
4.2
4.2
4.0
2.3
1.9
1.3
1.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
14
21
28
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Ireland
Value
12
8
9
9
14
9
6
10
32
9
30
16
11
16
42
24
19
16
54
14
33
8
5.6
6.2
6.0
6.0
4.9
6.4
6.4
5.2
3.8
4.7
4.7
4.9
5.8
6.1
5.2
5.8
6.1
5.6
4.9
6.0
4.7
7.3
29
5.2
38
32
35
26
25
42
18
95
19
4.7
5.0
4.0
5.2
5.6
589.1
6.5
103.7
40.9
43
5.2
36
30
62
123
32
-1.6
27.7
-0.0
95.2
13
6.5
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
21
22
60
17
17
22
7
73
13
9
23
6
21
13
36
10
23
7.4
6.5
0.3
6.5
3.0
81.2
5.8
94.9
5.7
126.1
73.2
5.5
5.1
5.5
5.0
5.8
4.8
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
5
64
20
17
17
28
22
34
10
4
5
2
1
6
10
21
20
5.4
5.2
4.6
5.0
4.7
25.9
4
6.0
5.0
5.4
1.0
6.2
6.4
5.7
93.6
5.5
4.4
12
19
42
14
57
85
7
7
18
7
68
67
68
81
55
91
38
111
66
28
12
24
23
1
29
28
19
17
54
5.1
5.3
5.4
4.8
14.3
3.7
5.3
6.2
4.7
5.5
0.81
4.0
4.2
3.6
3.8
3.5
3.2
4.0
4.4
7
6.1
5.9
5.4
6.3
80.1
27.7
155.5
95.0
4.3
59
30
58
6
3.9
5.4
257.4
104.3
16
50
20
17
17
11
24
10
22
18
5.2
4.7
5.2
4.9
5.6
5.3
4.6
6.0
5.1
4.9
19
16
15
20
13
47
12
20
Trend
4.8
5.3
5.6
4.8
5.1
3.6
5.2
83.8
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Israel 24
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
8.4
Population (millions)
296.1
35343.3
0.25
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
24
5.2
Rank
26 / 144
27 / 148
27 / 144
27 / 140
24 / 138
28
5.4
Score
5.0
4.9
4.9
5.0
5.2
31
4.8
28
5.3
48
5.1
28
6.3
25
5.0
24
5.4
32
4.7
21
4.8
19
4.9
22
5.8
57
4.2
5.4
21
5.1
5.7
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Israel
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
18.6
15.5
8.7
8.1
8.1
7.2
7.1
6.0
5.8
4.5
3.5
2.9
2.5
0.7
0.5
0.4
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Rank / 138
Value
31
30
22
37
51
27
14
46
78
46
37
32
39
125
54
58
42
32
16
29
18
8
4.8
5.4
5.7
4.4
3.4
5.5
6.1
3.5
3.0
3.7
4.5
4.4
4.6
3.4
5.0
5.1
5.1
4.7
5.8
5.5
5.1
7.3
28
5.3
39
33
45
50
30
44
28
34
16
4.7
4.9
3.5
4.5
5.4
574.3
6.2
133.5
43.1
48
5.1
68
47
79
96
35
-3.0
23.5
-0.6
64.6
28
6.3
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
12
11
1
9
21
11
45
50
24
39
31
24
35
22
27
29
28
5.8
6.8
0.2
6.6
3.2
82.2
4.5
96.7
5.4
101.9
66.2
4.7
4.7
5.4
5.3
5.1
4.6
Trend
Rank / 138
32
65
83
35
38
41
41
77
27
53
44
43
40
43
112
53
27
21
31
54
21
112
38
28
25
25
38
30
19
30
46
27
27
2
18
21
46
22
6
15
6
31
30
41
62
57
Israel
Value
4.8
5.0
5.2
4.5
27.4
4.3
4.6
5.4
4.5
3.9
0.90
4.9
4.9
4.2
4.6
4.7
4.8
5.9
5.5
6
5.8
6.4
5.7
5.4
78.9
27.4
89.6
56.1
4.2
55
57
54
73
4.0
4.8
281.9
33.1
21
57
31
34
5
19
14
13
10
32
5.1
4.6
5.1
4.2
6.2
5.2
5.0
5.8
5.4
4.2
5.7
4
3
3
3
9
8
5
Trend
4.7
5.2
3.5
4.2
4.1
30.6
5
13.0
4.4
4.6
3.0
5.0
5.0
4.6
29.4
4.9
4.1
5.9
6.2
5.7
5.6
4.4
5.3
246.6
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Italy 44
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
60.8
Population (millions)
1815.8
29866.6
1.91
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
44
4.5
Rank
42 / 144
49 / 148
49 / 144
43 / 140
44 / 138
47
4.9
Score
4.5
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.5
103
3.5
25
5.4
98
4.2
23
6.4
43
4.4
43
4.9
67
4.3
119
3.6
122
3.1
40
5.0
12
5.6
28
4.4
25
4.8
32
3.9
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Italy
Italys competitiveness score has improved but more slowly than others, and
it slips one spot to 44th. Its nancial and labor markets and institutions
continue to be its weakest areas, with rankings below 100th. Reforms
implemented in recent years have improved businesses perception of ethics
and corruption (up 14), but public-sector performance remains poor, with
pervasive red tape and a highly inefcient judicial system. Italys labor market
has become more efcient (up 17 since 2014): hiring and ring practices
have been made more exible and a framework was provided for more
decentralized wage determination, but the full benets of these reforms will
require time and more cooperative labor-employer relations. In the
meantime, Italy continues to squander its talent: in the south of the country,
only one in three women work (according to the Italian Institute of Statistics
(ISTAT), womens employment rate in southern Italy was 30.6 percent in
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
19.6
18.9
12.8
12.6
11.5
6.4
5.0
3.7
3.0
2.4
2.2
0.9
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.1
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Rank / 138
Value
103
94
53
87
116
56
74
120
130
136
136
125
128
79
98
122
72
100
99
120
122
36
3.5
4.0
4.3
3.2
1.9
4.3
3.8
2.2
1.9
2.0
2.2
2.5
3.1
5.1
4.0
3.5
4.3
3.5
4.1
4.2
3.4
6.3
25
5.4
57
46
31
56
60
19
38
19
32
4.3
4.6
4.1
4.4
4.6
2613.1
5.9
151.3
33.1
98
4.2
54
78
53
135
37
-2.6
18.9
0.1
132.6
23
6.4
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
14
21
60
29
13
5
39
34
43
35
39
63
47
27
80
37
117
6.0
6.6
0.3
6.3
2.9
82.7
4.7
97.6
4.9
102.4
63.5
3.8
4.6
5.2
4.1
5.0
3.4
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
67
46
14
56
137
129
41
28
87
33
5
112
85
61
115
48
48
4.3
5.3
5.0
3.8
1.9
64.8
5
5.5
3.5
4.7
1.0
3.8
4.4
4.3
28.0
4.9
3.6
119
3.6
111
131
124
12
130
127
102
107
105
89
3.9
3.4
2.8
4.5
2.7
3.1
3.7
2.9
2.6
0.74
122
3.1
120
106
76
116
131
106
116
108
40
48
64
105
55
37
45
25
12
5.0
5.2
4.6
3.9
65.6
23.8
77.3
82.1
5.6
5.5
5.9
2170.9
30.7
25
11
19
5
14
12
34
23
54
125
4.8
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.8
5.3
4.3
5.2
4.6
3.1
33
32
35
45
89
31
24
Trend
3.5
3.2
3.4
3.0
2.0
4.2
3.4
2
12
16
12
82
32
Italy
3.9
4.7
4.7
3.9
3.7
3.0
4.7
56.6
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Jamaica 75
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
2.8
Population (millions)
13.9
4948.0
0.02
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
97 / 144
94 / 148
86 / 144
86 / 140
75 / 138
76
4.4
Score
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.1
73
3.9
77
3.9
112
3.9
47
6.1
78
4.0
90
4.0
61
4.4
60
4.4
30
4.6
77
3.8
119
2.7
61
3.7
57
4.1
70
3.3
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Jamaica
2013-14
4.1
2012-13
75
Edition
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
16.5
14.4
11.9
8.0
7.3
7.0
6.8
5.7
5.2
4.2
4.1
3.3
2.1
1.4
1.3
0.6
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Jamaica
Rank / 138
Value
73
45
47
77
91
77
35
91
117
96
79
73
65
71
136
134
95
62
39
40
35
57
3.9
4.7
4.4
3.3
2.6
3.8
4.9
2.8
2.3
3.1
3.4
3.4
4.2
5.2
2.3
2.6
3.8
3.9
5.2
5.2
4.6
5.8
77
3.9
70
79
4.1
3.8
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
41
41
75
76
79
84
112
4.7
5.0
157.3
4.7
111.5
9.0
3.9
20
114
97
133
97
-0.4
12.4
4.7
124.3
47
6.1
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
6
61
118
98
76
55
59
29
90
103
88
61
88
37
53
40
61
4.7
5.9
1.6
4.7
13.5
75.7
4.2
98.0
4.0
68.8
27.8
3.8
3.7
4.8
4.6
4.8
4.0
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
61
28
81
46
103
61
3
9
55
11
99
32
22
78
50
120
70
4.4
5.5
3.5
3.9
3.2
35.2
2
3.0
3.9
5.1
9.7
5.1
5.4
3.8
51.3
3.9
3.4
60
83
56
64
56
57
92
34
98
85
60
30
67
91
26
81
107
39
32
8
77
4.4
4.3
5.2
3.8
14.0
4.0
3.7
4.7
3.0
3.1
0.83
4.6
4.3
3.5
4.6
3.6
2.3
5.6
5.2
10
3.8
45
50
67
89
82
101
66
5.3
4.8
4.4
43.2
5.8
13.3
53.5
119
2.7
117
119
119
88
2.4
3.4
24.6
29.8
57
37
60
75
50
69
66
69
38
74
4.1
4.7
4.4
3.7
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.8
4.8
3.6
70
55
52
72
67
106
97
78
Trend
3.3
4.3
4.1
3.3
3.4
2.8
3.6
0.6
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Japan 8
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
126.9
Population (millions)
4123.3
32485.5
4.25
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
10 / 144
9 / 148
6 / 144
6 / 140
8 / 138
22
5.6
Score
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.5
16
5.4
6.3
104
4.1
6.6
10
5.4
23
5.4
16
5.2
19
4.8
17
4.9
19
5.8
6.1
5.6
5.7
5.4
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Japan
Japan
places, overtaken
overtaken by Sweden
Japan (8th)
(8th) loses
loses three
two places,
Sweden and
and the
theUnited
United
(104th)
continues
to to
undermine
Kingdom.
Kingdom.The
Themacroeconomic
macroeconomicsituation
situation
(104th)
continues
undermine
Japans
although
thethe
situation
hashas
improved
Japans competitiveness
competitivenessperformance,
performance,
although
situation
improved
over the
very
large,
the past
pastyear
year(up
(up17
17places)
places)thanks
thankstotoa alower,
lower,yet
yetstill
still
very
large,
budget
again
very
close
to zero
andand
thethe
2 percent
budget decit.
deficit.Ination
Inflationisisnow
now
again
very
close
to zero
2 percent
target
met
only
once
since
Shinzo
AbeAbe
target set
setby
bythe
theBank
BankofofJapan
Japanhas
hasbeen
been
met
only
once
since
Shinzo
became
byby
thethe
rigidities
andand
lacklack
of of
became Prime
Prime Minister.
Minister.Japan
Japanisisalso
alsobeset
beset
rigidities
dynamism
eight
places,
Japan
dynamism of
ofits
itslabor
labormarket
market(19th).
(19th).Despite
Despiteprogressing
progressing
eight
places,
still
ranks
low 115th
the ease
of hiring
and
ring.
Thefiring.
ratio The
of women
to
Japan
stillaranks
a lowon115th
on the
ease of
hiring
and
ratio of
men
in
the
labor
force
(77th)
is
one
of
the
lowest
among
high-income
women to men in the labor force (77th) is one of the lowest among higheconomies.
And Japan
a rather unattractive
destination
for foreign
income economies
andremains
Japan remains
a rather unattractive
destination
talent (77th). The domestic market is relatively uncompetitive and closed,
2013-14
5.5
2012-13
Edition
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
talent
(77th).
The(77th).
domestic
is relatively
uncompetitive
and closed,
for
foreign
talent
Themarket
domestic
market is
relatively uncompetitive
withclosed,
high barriers
to entry
and to business
On the
brighterOn
side,
and
with high
barriers
entry andcreation.
to business
creation.
the
Japan features
in thefeatures
top 10 of
boasts
an excellent
brighter
side, Japan
inve
the pillars.
top 10 Itofnotably
five pillars.
It notably
boasts
infrastructure
(5th) and rms
areand
highly
sophisticated
(2nd), typically(2nd),
an
excellent infrastructure
(5th)
firms
are highly sophisticated
employing
unique products
and production
processes processes
(2nd) with signicant
typically
employing
unique products
and production
(2nd)
control
over international
distribution
(5th).distribution
High-quality(5th).
research
institutions
with
significant
control over
international
High-quality
R&D (4th),
coupledonwith
an(4th),
excellent
(13th) and
company (13th)
spending
research
institutions
andon
company
spending
R&D
coupled
availability
of scientists
and engineers
(3rd),
to (3rd),
the countrys
with
an excellent
availability
of scientists
andcontribute
engineers
contribute
highly innovative
environment
(5th).
Yet Japans(5th).
innovation
prowess
tooverall
the countrys
overall highly
innovative
environment
Yet Japans
seems
to
be
eroding:
consistently
ranked
in
the
top
5
between
2007
innovation prowess seems to be eroding: consistently ranked in theand
top 5
2015, Japan
three positions
and three
now ranks
8th. and now ranks 8th.
between
2007loses
and 2015,
Japan loses
positions
24.2
19.3
17.2
13.3
8.9
6.6
2.7
2.1
1.7
1.4
1.1
0.7
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.0
14
21
28
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Rank / 138
Value
16
11
14
20
26
15
15
13
22
54
15
22
13
77
34
48
18
11
17
20
13
36
5.4
6.2
5.9
5.4
4.4
6.2
6.1
4.9
4.1
3.6
5.3
4.6
5.6
5.1
5.3
5.4
6.1
5.7
5.8
5.7
5.3
6.3
6.3
6
5
1
22
24
4
15
57
11
6.2
6.1
6.7
5.3
5.6
5977.1
6.5
125.1
50.2
104
4.1
105
42
1
138
19
-5.2
25.3
0.8
248.1
6.6
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
42
43
1
36
5
2
11
3
23
36
42
37
18
58
38
23
10
18.0
6.2
<0.1
6.1
2.0
83.6
5.6
100.0
5.4
101.9
62.4
4.4
5.2
4.4
5.0
5.3
5.3
Trend
Rank / 138
16
1
1
5
53
113
94
64
116
89
38
24
36
27
130
1
5
19
7
9
115
7
40
24
16
38
77
77
17
16
5
13
6
26
29
13
86
19
Value
4.8
5.8
6.0
3.2
4.3
4.3
4.7
5.7
4.1
3.2
0.78
4.9
5.4
5.5
5.2
5.3
3.6
5.8
5.8
4
5.8
6.2
5.6
4.9
93.3
30.5
62.6
126.4
6.1
4
6
4
118
6.0
6.1
4830.1
19.0
2
1
2
8
2
1
5
2
28
20
5.7
6.2
6.1
5.2
6.3
6.2
5.4
6.3
5.0
4.7
21
13
4
18
16
3
1
Trend
5.2
6.2
5.9
5.5
3.9
51.3
8
10.2
3.2
4.2
2.1
5.3
5.1
5.0
19.9
6.2
4.9
12
18
32
6
20
55
5
Japan
5.4
5.1
5.7
5.6
4.8
4.0
5.5
335.4
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Jordan 63
Key Indicators, 2015
rd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
6.8
Population (millions)
37.6
5513.0
0.07
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
64 / 144
68 / 148
64 / 144
64 / 140
63 / 138
70
4.6
Score
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.3
34
4.6
56
4.3
118
3.7
80
5.6
66
4.1
51
4.7
43
4.6
87
4.0
68
4.0
75
3.9
75
3.6
39
4.0
36
4.4
40
3.7
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Jordan
Jordan retains its position at 63rd place despite the daunting challenges it
has to face as a result of the geopolitical situation in the region. Jordan has
the advantage of having a fairly efcient goods market (43rd) because of a
certain intensity of domestic competition that raises the efciency of rms.
The country also has relatively efcient nancial markets (33rd), although
trustworthiness and condence in the nancial sector needs to be
strengthened (107th) and the labor market has some exibility (29th). Going
forward, Jordan can take advantage of its fairly vibrant business sector (36th)
2013-14
4.3
2012-13
63
Edition
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
forward, Jordan can take advantage of its fairly vibrant business sector (36th)
and healthy level of adoption of technologies from abroad (40th) to achieve a
higher, more sustainable growth path. Addressing macroeconomic
challenges will be key to freeing up public funding for competitivenessenhancing investment, in particular in education (91st on primary education
and 64th on enrollment in secondary and tertiary levels).
13.6
13.4
10.5
9.1
8.7
7.5
7.5
6.6
6.4
4.5
3.3
2.7
2.1
1.7
1.3
1.2
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Jordan
Rank / 138
Value
34
38
31
23
36
42
34
35
33
44
34
41
68
103
59
49
22
29
53
100
41
126
4.6
5.0
4.9
5.2
3.9
4.7
4.9
3.9
3.8
3.7
4.5
4.0
4.1
4.5
4.9
5.3
6.0
4.8
4.9
4.5
4.4
3.7
56
4.3
46
57
75
49
34
68
49
6
104
4.5
4.3
2.5
4.5
5.3
199.6
5.5
179.4
4.8
118
3.7
88
118
86
122
77
-4.0
11.4
-0.9
91.7
80
5.6
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
10
66
1
68
82
79
56
111
51
89
57
28
61
57
55
52
42
5.5
5.7
<0.2
5.7
15.4
74.1
4.2
87.5
4.7
84.3
47.6
4.6
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.3
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
43
38
26
33
74
36
76
73
38
98
87
76
75
34
27
56
57
4.6
5.4
4.3
4.2
3.6
29.5
7
12.0
4.2
4.1
7.4
4.4
4.5
4.8
66.2
4.9
3.5
87
41
57
33
7
100
55
74
55
61
138
68
46
47
39
18
24
48
50
136
75
43
38
47
72
89
81
95
75
4.0
4.7
5.2
4.3
4.3
3.6
4.2
4.2
3.7
3.5
0.22
4.0
4.6
4.1
4.3
4.9
3.6
5.4
4.6
0
3.9
5.4
5.0
4.6
53.4
4.2
27.5
35.6
3.6
75
79
78
61
3.3
4.2
82.7
36.1
36
22
58
31
30
47
47
41
49
30
4.4
4.9
4.4
4.3
4.4
4.1
4.0
4.4
4.6
4.4
40
43
57
52
38
43
13
72
Trend
3.7
4.4
4.0
3.5
3.8
3.6
5.1
0.8
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Kazakhstan 53
Key Indicators, 2015
rd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
17.7
Population (millions)
173.2
9795.6
0.38
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
53
4.4
Rank
51 / 144
50 / 148
50 / 144
42 / 140
53 / 138
62
4.6
Score
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.4
49
4.2
63
4.2
69
4.7
94
5.4
50
4.4
57
4.6
62
4.4
20
4.8
104
3.5
56
4.4
45
4.5
76
3.5
97
3.6
59
3.4
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
Kazakhstan
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Eurasia
16.6
13.0
12.8
11.5
8.9
7.2
5.7
4.7
4.1
3.8
3.7
2.9
2.0
1.4
1.1
0.6
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Kazakhstan
Value
49
58
69
64
32
61
68
55
41
38
47
57
29
48
40
53
85
51
88
72
65
25
4.2
4.4
4.1
3.6
4.1
4.2
3.9
3.4
3.7
3.8
4.1
3.6
4.8
5.6
5.2
5.2
4.1
4.1
4.3
4.8
4.1
6.7
63
4.2
73
108
26
107
90
59
81
4
42
4.0
3.0
4.3
3.1
4.0
283.8
4.5
187.2
24.7
69
4.7
108
45
113
17
62
-5.3
24.2
6.5
23.3
94
5.4
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
92
106
1
81
71
90
70
118
57
21
61
73
69
106
29
51
69
99.0
4.4
0.2
5.2
12.6
71.6
4.1
86.3
4.6
109.1
46.0
3.7
4.1
3.7
5.2
4.6
3.9
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
62
106
69
83
57
35
22
26
64
67
75
105
92
59
122
89
46
4.4
4.6
3.7
3.5
3.8
29.2
4
5.0
3.8
4.4
5.8
4.0
4.2
4.3
24.1
4.4
3.7
20
4.5
5.4
4.4
8.6
4.5
4.5
3.8
3.6
3.6
0.90
104
3.5
56
90
71
95
41
59
51
56
45
4.1
3.7
3.1
3.6
2.6
4.2
3.6
4
4.4
4.3
4.5
4.0
72.9
13.0
69.6
60.0
4.5
43
47
41
87
4.3
5.0
429.1
29.8
97
113
97
119
90
114
79
70
88
54
3.6
4.0
4.0
3.0
3.1
3.3
3.5
3.8
4.2
3.9
59
4.8
60
39
31
19
28
38
96
62
52
28
80
76
99
89
92
105
108
86
73
63
61
66
55
64
69
Trend
3.4
4.1
3.9
3.4
3.5
3.4
4.0
1.4
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Kenya 96
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
44.2
61.4
1388.5
0.13
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
106 / 144
96 / 148
90 / 144
99 / 140
96 / 138
115
3.8
Score
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.9
3.9
86
3.6
98
3.3
122
3.6
114
4.7
75
4.0
97
3.9
77
4.2
31
4.6
50
4.2
89
3.6
70
3.7
40
4.0
47
4.2
36
3.8
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Kenya
2013-14
3.9
2012-13
96
Edition
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
17.8
13.7
11.5
9.6
8.1
7.3
6.1
5.8
4.1
3.9
3.3
2.8
2.1
1.7
1.3
0.9
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Kenya
Rank / 138
Value
86
59
76
89
78
113
62
92
62
36
56
50
55
137
128
125
93
78
86
43
62
96
3.6
4.4
4.0
3.1
2.9
3.0
4.0
2.7
3.3
3.9
3.9
3.8
4.3
2.6
2.8
3.3
3.9
3.8
4.3
5.1
4.1
4.7
98
3.3
56
61
61
64
48
62
96
121
134
4.3
4.2
2.8
4.2
4.8
264.4
3.9
80.7
0.2
122
3.6
126
104
115
77
94
-8.4
14.4
6.6
52.7
114
4.7
54 14488.4
42
4.5
121
246.0
100
4.6
127
5.3
119
4.0
111
35.5
120
61.6
76
3.9
122
84.9
97
106
132
35
68
45
87
41
43
3.9
67.6
4.0
4.4
4.1
4.6
3.9
4.8
4.3
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
77
19
60
71
71
69
122
109
54
90
97
59
86
76
108
58
97
4.2
5.6
3.8
3.7
3.6
37.1
11
26.0
4.0
4.2
9.6
4.7
4.4
3.9
30.3
4.8
3.0
31
95
45
44
15
70
74
69
53
35
51
50
59
96
28
50
64
88
61
28
89
47
35
48
84
119
71
116
70
4.6
4.2
5.3
4.1
6.4
3.9
3.9
4.3
3.7
3.9
0.86
4.2
4.5
3.5
4.5
4.3
2.9
4.5
4.5
7
3.6
5.2
5.1
4.6
45.6
0.3
40.1
15.5
3.7
65
86
68
125
3.6
4.0
141.9
15.6
47
25
52
39
52
42
67
63
30
37
4.2
4.9
4.4
4.2
3.8
4.2
3.7
3.9
4.9
4.1
36
36
49
31
26
19
40
93
Trend
3.8
4.6
4.2
4.1
4.5
4.0
4.4
0.2
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Korea, Rep. 26
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
50.6
Population (millions)
1376.9
27195.2
1.63
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
19 / 144
25 / 148
26 / 144
26 / 140
26 / 138
19
5.7
Score
5.1
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
63
4.0
10
6.0
6.6
29
6.3
26
4.9
25
5.3
24
4.9
77
4.1
80
3.9
28
5.5
13
5.5
22
4.8
23
4.9
20
4.8
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Korea, Rep.
The Republic of Korea places 26th for the third consecutive year. This stable
overall position conceals some notable improvement in a number of pillars.
Building on healthy public nances, the country improves two places to a
remarkable 3rd rank (behind Norway and Qatar) in the macroeconomic
environment pillar. Korea also makes strides in the institutions pillar (63rd, up
six), owing to improved public-sector performance (77th, up seven), security
situation (55th, up 19), and corporate accountability (60th, up 15). Korea also
post gains in infrastructure, entering the top 10 of this pillar for the rst time.
In the labor market efciency pillar, one of the areas where it has struggled
the most historically, Korea is improving, but from a low base (77th, up six),
suffering from rigidities (119th): it notably ranks 113th for the ease of ring
2013-14
5.0
2012-13
26
Edition
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
suffering from rigidities (119th): it notably ranks 113th for the ease of ring
and hiring workers, 112th for the average cost of redundancy, and 135th for
the quality of social dialogue. After several years of decline, the country
improves markedly in the nancial development pillar (80th, up seven),
posting gains in all indicators within the pillar except one. Although credit
access conditions and low condence in the banking system remain of
concern, this encouraging development suggests that that the nancial
reforms initiated by the government are starting to bear fruit. Finally, the
quality of Koreas innovation remains excellent although it has eroded over
the past year (20th, down one).
19.2
15.7
13.0
11.4
9.8
7.3
5.4
5.2
4.2
2.4
2.2
1.5
1.5
0.9
0.2
0.1
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Korea, Rep.
Rank / 138
Value
63
42
49
69
96
52
72
82
70
105
50
59
115
81
55
69
41
98
62
109
97
8
4.0
4.9
4.4
3.5
2.5
4.5
3.9
2.9
3.2
3.0
4.0
3.6
3.5
5.0
4.9
4.9
5.3
3.5
4.7
4.4
3.7
7.3
10
6.0
14
14
9
27
21
18
29
64
4
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.2
5.7
2631.0
6.2
118.5
58.1
6.6
18
8
1
40
20
-0.2
35.7
0.7
35.9
29
6.3
16
22
89
86
1
80
13
10
37
54
0.8
5.5
86.0
5.2
<0.1
5.2
2.9
82.2
4.7
96.3
25
5.3
58
2
75
36
63
20
58
38
97.7
95.3
3.6
4.7
4.3
5.5
4.5
4.4
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
24
8
92
28
61
54
11
15
68
95
86
83
97
49
74
27
1
4.9
5.9
3.4
4.4
3.7
33.2
3
4.0
3.8
4.1
7.1
4.3
4.2
4.5
39.9
5.3
5.1
77
135
73
113
112
64
16
30
29
49
90
80
81
43
42
92
76
102
71
68
28
30
28
55
13
5
66
12
13
4.1
3.4
5.0
3.3
27.4
3.9
4.8
4.9
4.4
3.7
0.73
3.9
4.1
4.2
4.1
3.5
2.7
4.2
4.2
5
5.5
5.6
5.3
4.6
89.9
40.2
46.8
109.7
5.5
13
8
13
43
5.3
6.1
1848.5
45.3
23
14
27
28
21
23
13
22
34
63
4.9
5.1
5.1
4.5
5.1
5.0
5.1
5.2
4.8
3.8
20
30
34
23
29
37
39
6
Trend
4.8
4.8
4.6
4.5
4.4
3.7
4.4
233.2
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Kuwait 38
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
4.1
Population (millions)
120.7
29363.0
0.25
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
40 / 144
34 / 140
38 / 138
36
5.1
Score
4.6
4.6
4.5
4.6
4.5
59
4.1
52
4.4
76
5.6
70
4.1
94
4.0
85
4.2
115
3.7
65
4.0
60
4.3
51
4.3
79
3.5
61
4.0
110
3.0
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Kuwait
2016-17
36 / 148
2015-16
37 / 144
6.3
2014-15
Rank
2013-14
4.5
2012-13
38
Edition
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
21.2
14.7
12.7
8.5
8.0
7.7
6.7
5.7
5.6
3.4
2.4
1.3
0.7
0.6
0.4
0.4
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Kuwait
Rank / 138
Value
59
55
89
57
73
63
39
85
90
108
39
35
103
66
32
36
44
69
77
127
69
63
4.1
4.4
3.8
3.8
3.0
4.1
4.7
2.8
2.8
2.9
4.4
4.1
3.7
5.3
5.3
5.6
5.1
3.9
4.4
4.1
4.1
5.7
52
4.4
62
53
4.2
4.4
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
67
106
57
47
1
74
6
4.1
3.6
301.0
5.5
231.8
13.4
6.3
5
18
60
6
27
1.2
31.4
3.4
10.6
76
5.6
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
46
37
1
26
50
70
103
88
94
68
90
86
105
92
91
113
80
21.0
6.2
<0.2
6.4
7.3
74.6
3.2
92.9
4.0
93.6
27.0
3.4
3.4
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.8
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
85
59
95
115
15
4
126
120
121
92
54
136
131
106
64
97
39
4.2
5.2
3.4
3.1
4.8
13.0
12
31.0
3.1
4.2
4.0
2.7
3.2
3.4
45.2
4.3
3.8
115
3.7
56
61
56
118
36
110
123
83
88
117
65
58
48
45
42
40
30
75
108
60
55
82
116
27
105
64
3
51
4.5
5.2
3.9
28.1
4.4
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.1
0.58
4.0
4.5
4.1
4.1
4.4
3.2
5.8
4.2
2
4.3
5.0
4.4
3.6
82.1
1.4
48.6
139.3
4.3
54
42
52
36
4.0
5.1
288.4
50.4
61
30
82
48
48
86
64
64
82
38
4.0
4.8
4.2
3.9
3.9
3.7
3.7
3.9
4.3
4.1
110
3.0
93
104
115
125
75
96
87
Trend
3.8
3.3
2.8
2.6
3.1
3.7
0.3
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
st
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
6.0
1112.8
6.7
0.02
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
111
3.7
Rank
127 / 144
121 / 148
108 / 144
102 / 140
111 / 138
108
3.9
Score
3.4
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.7
105
3.4
113
2.8
90
4.3
104
5.2
112
3.5
87
4.1
75
4.2
102
3.9
96
3.6
117
2.8
121
2.6
123
3.0
119
3.3
123
2.7
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
Kyrgyz Republic
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Eurasia
20.4
11.8
10.8
10.1
9.4
7.3
6.2
5.0
4.6
3.9
3.2
2.6
2.4
1.7
0.6
0.1
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Kyrgyz Republic
Value
105
120
115
85
79
130
98
81
114
60
103
88
89
118
99
117
116
105
123
118
128
36
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.2
2.8
2.6
3.3
2.9
2.4
3.5
3.0
3.1
3.8
4.2
4.0
3.7
3.2
3.4
3.6
4.2
3.3
6.3
113
2.8
117
131
81
135
126
91
109
37
96
3.0
2.5
2.4
1.5
2.9
69.6
3.2
132.8
7.1
90
4.3
27
106
114
102
102
-1.3
14.2
6.5
68.8
104
5.2
1
31
103
118
60
93
89
96
116
107
0.0
5.1
142.0
4.2
0.3
4.8
19.0
70.4
3.0
89.7
87
4.1
74
62
106
117
134
85
104
112
90.8
45.9
3.1
3.0
2.9
3.9
3.9
3.5
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
75
130
84
107
70
34
22
56
102
107
72
121
115
93
21
100
47
4.2
4.2
3.5
3.2
3.6
29.0
4
10.0
3.3
3.9
5.6
3.5
3.7
3.6
75.5
4.3
3.7
102
3.9
99
50
68
74
71
54
131
126
120
100
96
119
105
110
82
86
119
123
20
117
128
133
128
97
90
110
102
121
4.1
5.3
3.8
17.3
3.9
4.2
3.3
2.5
2.4
0.66
3.6
3.5
3.2
2.8
3.6
2.6
3.7
3.2
8
2.8
3.4
3.4
3.3
30.2
3.7
7.4
31.0
2.6
121
117
125
56
2.4
3.4
20.1
37.8
119
97
102
123
107
126
129
118
115
106
3.3
4.2
3.9
3.0
2.9
3.1
2.9
3.0
3.9
3.4
123
120
121
131
121
109
116
98
Trend
2.7
3.5
2.9
2.5
2.7
2.8
3.3
0.1
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Lao PDR 93
Key Indicators, 2015
rd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
7.0
Population (millions)
12.5
1778.7
0.03
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
81 / 148
93 / 144
83 / 140
93 / 138
99
4.2
Score
4.1
3.9
4.0
3.9
68
4.0
108
3.1
87
4.3
102
5.2
104
3.6
106
3.4
72
4.3
30
4.6
81
3.9
121
2.7
108
2.9
93
3.4
92
3.7
95
3.1
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Lao PDR
2014-15
3.9
2013-14
93
Edition
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
20.6
12.3
11.9
8.0
7.8
6.0
5.0
4.8
4.2
4.1
3.9
3.8
3.4
3.3
0.7
0.3
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Lao PDR
Value
68
112
96
55
42
76
77
41
25
35
48
51
95
82
57
68
66
55
120
95
79
136
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.7
4.1
3.9
4.1
3.7
3.8
5.0
4.9
5.0
4.4
4.0
3.7
4.6
3.9
3.2
108
3.1
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
81
91
132
100
115
77
131
73
87
3.7
3.4
2.0
3.8
28.6
4.7
53.1
13.7
4.3
64
72
104
94
122
-2.9
19.9
5.3
64.3
102
5.2
42
49
115
124
60
115
124
109
89
69
1390.3
4.0
189.0
4.0
0.3
4.2
50.7
66.1
3.5
95.1
106
3.4
112
102
54
91
85
103
94
75
57.2
17.3
4.1
3.7
4.0
3.6
4.0
3.8
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
72
133
32
79
44
27
54
134
36
72
93
73
111
75
89
76
37
4.3
4.1
4.2
3.6
4.0
25.3
6
73.0
4.3
4.3
8.2
4.4
3.9
3.9
35.3
4.6
3.8
30
46
60
51
127
17
35
86
43
67
3
81
71
49
91
70
63
84
104
46
121
119
105
90
118
116
97
118
108
4.6
4.6
5.2
4.0
34.1
4.8
4.5
4.0
3.9
3.4
1.03
3.9
4.1
4.1
3.2
3.9
2.9
4.5
3.7
6
2.7
3.8
4.1
4.1
18.2
0.5
16.8
14.2
2.9
102
113
101
98
2.7
3.5
37.3
25.0
92
123
118
52
95
102
80
109
81
33
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.9
3.0
3.5
3.5
3.1
4.3
4.2
95
76
102
60
62
73
127
96
Trend
3.1
4.0
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.2
3.1
0.2
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Latvia 49
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
2.0
Population (millions)
27.0
13618.6
0.04
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
49
4.4
Rank
55 / 144
52 / 148
42 / 144
44 / 140
49 / 138
41
5.0
Score
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.4
64
4.0
51
4.4
24
5.6
42
6.2
42
4.4
39
5.0
49
4.5
34
4.6
52
4.2
34
5.2
96
3.2
58
3.7
58
4.1
64
3.4
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Latvia
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
17.6
15.3
12.9
9.0
8.1
7.8
6.6
4.9
4.4
3.3
2.7
2.4
2.0
1.6
1.1
0.5
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Rank / 138
Value
64
56
63
76
95
47
66
99
79
85
116
98
71
25
35
27
81
61
71
55
114
49
4.0
4.4
4.2
3.4
2.5
4.5
4.0
2.6
3.0
3.3
2.9
3.0
4.1
5.9
5.3
5.8
4.2
3.9
4.5
5.0
3.5
6.0
51
4.4
52
95
32
32
40
89
51
52
54
4.4
3.2
4.1
5.1
5.1
76.9
5.4
127.0
19.5
24
5.6
34
66
46
35
38
-1.5
20.6
0.2
34.8
42
6.2
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
71
44
98
46
47
77
34
53
39
13
30
64
55
44
31
60
56
49.0
6.2
0.7
6.0
6.9
74.2
4.8
96.4
5.0
115.4
67.0
3.8
4.4
4.6
5.2
4.4
4.1
Trend
Rank / 138
49
35
65
64
98
63
22
28
72
28
5
37
43
58
31
50
107
34
34
6
67
47
114
49
62
118
118
22
52
55
51
90
90
79
69
82
13
34
39
79
66
30
35
30
47
96
Value
4.6
4.8
6.1
3.8
13.0
3.2
4.3
4.4
2.6
2.4
0.92
4.2
4.5
4.0
3.2
3.5
2.7
4.8
4.1
9
5.2
5.5
4.4
4.4
79.2
25.1
111.9
67.0
3.2
2.8
4.2
49.1
61.0
58
99
38
90
72
63
48
51
55
44
4.1
4.2
4.8
3.5
3.4
3.8
3.9
4.1
4.5
4.0
53
48
71
77
98
99
32
Trend
4.5
5.4
3.7
3.7
3.3
35.9
4
5.5
3.7
4.8
1.0
5.1
5.0
4.3
62.2
4.9
2.9
95
78
96
21
64
Latvia
3.4
4.3
4.2
3.3
3.3
2.9
3.6
16.4
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Lebanon 101
Key Indicators, 2015
st
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
4.6
Population (millions)
51.2
11236.8
0.07
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
101
3.8
Rank
91 / 144
103 / 148
113 / 144
101 / 140
101 / 138
125
3.6
Score
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.8
119
3.3
117
2.7
136
2.3
52
6.0
72
4.0
66
4.5
55
4.4
104
3.9
69
4.0
72
4.0
76
3.5
52
3.8
50
4.2
58
3.4
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Lebanon
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
16.7
15.8
14.0
11.1
8.9
5.5
4.7
4.3
4.0
3.6
3.5
3.4
2.8
1.1
0.7
0.0
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Lebanon
Value
119
65
123
101
125
120
109
118
135
101
93
105
126
130
104
105
106
102
70
107
72
108
3.3
4.3
3.2
2.9
1.8
2.9
3.0
2.2
1.4
3.0
3.2
2.9
3.2
3.0
3.9
4.2
3.5
3.5
4.6
4.4
4.0
4.3
117
2.7
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
131
124
80
82
71
135
112
56
136
2.3
2.8
3.8
4.1
180.4
1.7
87.1
19.2
2.3
127
134
117
136
104
-8.9
-3.7
-3.7
139.1
52
6.0
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
40
35
1
35
49
33
16
116
66
105
65
18
6
9
86
47
86
16.0
6.3
0.1
6.2
7.1
79.4
5.4
86.6
4.5
68.2
42.8
5.1
5.7
5.7
3.9
4.7
3.7
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
55
33
55
117
54
40
54
87
128
85
67
111
81
125
33
43
41
4.4
5.4
3.8
3.0
3.9
30.3
6
15.0
2.9
4.2
4.9
3.8
4.4
3.1
61.9
5.0
3.7
104
3.9
85
63
58
23
35
59
91
108
109
131
69
52
66
105
37
29
34
51
108
72
91
68
123
38
40
82
67
76
4.2
5.1
3.9
8.7
4.4
4.1
3.9
2.8
2.6
0.35
4.0
4.5
3.8
3.0
4.4
3.5
5.6
4.6
2
4.0
4.3
4.5
3.5
74.0
22.8
27.3
53.4
3.5
76
80
77
63
3.3
4.2
83.1
35.5
50
24
66
56
40
35
38
54
29
120
4.2
4.9
4.3
3.8
4.1
4.3
4.1
4.0
5.0
3.2
58
38
91
75
50
101
18
67
Trend
3.4
4.6
3.5
3.2
3.6
2.9
5.0
1.5
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Lesotho 120
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
1.9
1051.6
2.0
0.01
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
137 / 144
123 / 148
107 / 144
113 / 140
120 / 138
109
3.9
Score
3.2
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.6
53
4.2
119
2.6
36
5.3
133
3.5
133
3.1
119
3.0
88
4.2
96
4.0
134
2.6
123
2.7
132
1.9
112
3.2
110
3.5
111
2.9
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Lesotho
2013-14
3.6
2012-13
120
Edition
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
31.9
20.0
15.6
9.2
9.0
4.8
4.4
1.5
1.4
0.6
0.6
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
16
24
32
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Lesotho
Value
53
76
75
53
60
128
48
57
40
19
70
65
105
1
2
9
32
53
114
135
120
86
4.2
4.2
4.0
3.9
3.2
2.7
4.5
3.3
3.7
4.2
3.6
3.5
3.7
6.7
6.4
6.4
5.7
4.1
3.8
3.6
3.4
5.2
119
2.6
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
97
99
n/a
138
138
105
90
112
36
3.4
3.2
n/a
1.0
0.3
3.4
105.5
2.1
5.3
15
35
98
88
92
0.1
27.0
4.8
60.0
133
3.5
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
138
85
136
111
133
138
98
129
119
116
117
62
126
71
117
105
107
852.0
5.2
23.4
4.4
69.2
49.7
3.3
80.2
3.0
52.2
9.8
3.8
2.6
4.1
3.4
3.8
3.5
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
88
86
86
102
67
6
76
115
83
126
83
94
108
107
7
135
36
4.2
4.8
3.5
3.3
3.6
13.6
7
29.0
3.6
3.6
6.5
4.2
3.9
3.4
102.0
3.5
3.8
96
4.0
120
130
79
62
95
96
109
90
78
70
3.7
3.5
3.6
15.0
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.2
3.2
0.81
134
2.6
137
136
121
138
126
137
121
68
123
129
131
129
124
127
124
92
132
2.4
2.3
2.6
1.7
2.1
2.3
3.2
5
2.7
3.4
3.5
3.3
16.1
0.1
3.9
37.7
1.9
133
131
134
60
1.6
2.7
5.8
36.1
110
88
85
91
78
118
96
103
135
127
3.5
4.3
4.1
3.5
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.0
111
2.9
126
89
94
116
71
121
121
Trend
3.4
3.6
3.0
2.8
3.2
3.2
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Liberia 131
Key Indicators, 2015
st
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
4.3
2.0
473.6
0.00
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2015-16
2016-17
131
3.2
Rank
111 / 144
128 / 148
129 / 140
131 / 138
132
3.2
Score
3.7
3.5
3.4
3.2
79
3.8
120
2.6
127
3.3
136
3.1
129
3.2
130
2.7
90
4.2
74
4.2
74
3.9
130
2.4
134
1.7
91
3.4
90
3.7
91
3.2
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Liberia
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
9.3
9.1
8.4
8.1
7.5
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.4
6.3
5.8
5.4
4.3
3.6
2.7
2.6
12
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Liberia
Value
79
77
94
47
45
73
78
42
29
34
59
54
117
114
92
98
103
91
118
126
92
138
3.8
4.2
3.7
4.0
3.6
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.9
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.5
4.3
4.1
4.3
3.6
3.6
3.8
4.1
3.8
2.8
120
2.6
118
104
65
93
114
131
117
120
133
2.9
3.1
2.8
3.5
3.2
10.1
2.8
81.1
0.2
127
3.3
133
131
122
53
132
-12.0
4.4
7.7
40.0
136
3.1
66 36392.1
60
3.4
125
308.0
133
3.6
111
1.2
106
4.5
125
52.8
122
60.8
108
3.1
138
37.7
130
131
112
94
103
123
126
122
71
2.7
37.9
11.6
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.1
3.6
3.9
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
90
132
72
80
31
101
22
24
92
118
115
89
120
91
5
108
75
4.2
4.1
3.6
3.6
4.2
47.8
4
4.5
3.5
3.7
10.7
4.2
3.6
3.7
140.3
4.1
3.3
74
127
128
66
106
86
72
79
45
41
23
74
100
78
63
84
45
113
107
20
130
134
126
120
132
125
109
108
134
4.2
3.7
3.8
3.8
25.6
3.7
3.9
4.1
3.8
3.8
0.92
3.9
3.8
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.2
4.0
3.7
8
2.4
3.0
3.7
3.6
5.9
0.2
7.5
20.5
1.7
135
137
136
104
1.5
2.2
3.7
23.7
90
117
101
83
55
101
73
102
116
95
3.7
3.9
3.9
3.6
3.7
3.5
3.6
3.3
3.9
3.5
91
125
116
42
43
40
117
121
Trend
3.2
3.5
3.0
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.3
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Lithuania 35
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
2.9
Population (millions)
41.3
14210.3
0.07
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
35
4.6
Rank
45 / 144
48 / 148
41 / 144
36 / 140
35 / 138
35
5.1
Score
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.6
51
4.2
45
4.7
34
5.4
32
6.3
36
4.6
26
5.3
39
4.6
59
4.4
60
4.1
27
5.6
77
3.5
43
4.0
42
4.3
39
3.7
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Lithuania
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
17.6
14.3
14.1
11.6
9.0
5.3
4.9
4.6
4.6
3.9
3.6
3.3
1.6
0.8
0.7
0.0
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Lithuania
Value
51
57
51
63
66
37
58
67
89
92
61
99
59
45
46
42
55
44
45
26
86
47
4.2
4.4
4.3
3.6
3.1
4.9
4.1
3.1
2.8
3.2
3.8
3.0
4.3
5.6
5.1
5.4
4.7
4.3
5.0
5.6
3.8
6.2
45
4.7
28
36
24
33
69
94
45
32
57
5.1
4.9
4.5
4.9
4.4
64.1
5.6
139.5
18.7
34
5.4
21
89
84
59
39
-0.7
16.4
-0.7
42.5
32
6.3
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
79
72
1
34
23
82
32
32
26
28
29
57
26
67
16
39
33
62.0
5.6
0.1
6.2
3.3
74.0
4.8
97.9
5.3
106.8
68.5
4.0
4.8
4.2
5.8
4.9
4.5
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
39
27
77
52
68
90
3
13
67
79
5
81
66
41
17
31
83
4.6
5.5
3.6
3.8
3.6
42.6
2
3.5
3.8
4.3
1.0
4.4
4.6
4.6
79.7
5.2
3.2
59
61
15
116
105
121
46
40
106
111
16
60
40
37
82
53
51
71
72
46
27
28
26
24
44
27
18
37
77
4.4
4.5
5.9
3.2
24.6
3.1
4.4
4.7
2.9
2.5
0.94
4.1
4.7
4.4
3.4
4.2
3.0
4.8
4.2
6
5.6
5.7
5.3
5.1
71.4
27.8
158.0
74.2
3.5
82
64
79
17
3.2
4.6
82.4
77.9
42
19
29
97
58
45
35
38
47
66
4.3
4.9
5.1
3.3
3.6
4.2
4.2
4.5
4.6
3.8
39
28
35
37
34
94
62
34
Trend
3.7
4.9
4.6
3.9
4.1
2.9
4.1
15.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Luxembourg 20
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
0.6
Population (millions)
57.4
101994.1
0.05
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
22 / 144
22 / 148
19 / 144
20 / 140
20 / 138
5.9
Score
5.1
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.8
16
5.7
6.2
43
6.2
23
5.0
47
4.8
5.5
16
5.0
14
5.0
6.4
93
3.2
16
5.1
15
5.2
16
4.9
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Luxembourg
2013-14
5.2
2012-13
20
Edition
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
18.7
17.5
14.0
10.9
10.4
8.2
6.6
4.9
3.7
3.5
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Luxembourg
Rank / 138
Value
8
4
3
6
8
8
11
12
16
12
14
7
5
41
13
14
13
10
11
9
12
101
5.8
6.3
6.4
6.1
5.7
6.4
6.2
5.1
4.5
4.5
5.4
5.4
6.0
5.7
5.8
6.1
6.2
5.8
6.1
6.1
5.3
4.5
16
5.7
15
15
16
53
27
106
14
23
9
5.6
5.6
5.1
4.4
5.5
39.2
6.6
148.5
51.0
6.2
7
50
58
15
5
1.0
23.4
0.1
21.8
43
6.2
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
18
15
60
21
1
9
38
90
47
34
100
31
49
42
28
28
5
6.6
6.7
0.3
6.5
1.5
82.2
4.7
92.5
4.8
102.4
19.4
4.5
4.5
4.6
5.3
5.1
5.4
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
4
42
17
11
6
14
54
96
6
23
5
3
7
9
2
12
6
5.5
5.3
4.7
5.1
5.4
20.1
6
18.5
5.1
4.9
1.0
6.1
5.9
5.5
166.2
5.7
4.9
16
11
77
54
95
8
20
17
12
8
58
14
10
8
16
9
8
12
6
97
2
13
13
4
2
12
1
24
93
5.0
5.6
4.9
3.9
21.7
5.2
4.8
5.7
5.1
5.5
0.83
5.0
5.6
5.2
5.0
5.2
4.4
6.1
6.0
3
6.4
6.2
5.7
5.7
97.3
36.5
7186.4
83.3
3.2
104
52
93
2
2.6
4.9
55.7
195.8
15
98
18
11
11
22
18
14
14
14
5.2
4.2
5.4
5.2
5.9
5.0
4.8
5.8
5.3
5.0
16
12
24
10
21
5
56
15
Trend
4.9
5.4
5.2
5.2
4.7
4.6
4.1
120.9
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Macedonia, FYR 68
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
2.1
4786.8
9.9
0.03
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
68
4.2
Rank
80 / 144
73 / 148
63 / 144
60 / 140
68 / 138
66
4.6
Score
4.0
4.1
4.3
4.3
4.2
67
4.0
80
3.8
44
5.2
92
5.4
73
4.0
76
4.2
34
4.7
95
4.0
57
4.2
61
4.3
110
2.9
64
3.6
75
3.8
51
3.4
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Macedonia, FYR
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
14.8
13.5
12.6
11.3
10.1
7.1
5.8
4.5
4.4
4.2
3.8
3.6
2.2
0.8
0.8
0.5
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Macedonia, FYR
Rank / 138
Value
67
88
80
61
70
38
106
63
31
49
80
92
57
93
77
96
47
54
79
66
76
14
4.0
4.1
3.9
3.7
3.0
4.9
3.1
3.2
3.8
3.7
3.4
3.1
4.3
4.8
4.4
4.3
5.0
4.0
4.4
4.9
4.0
7.2
80
3.8
71
82
67
78
51
122
67
92
62
4.1
3.7
2.7
3.8
4.8
22.1
4.9
105.4
17.7
44
5.2
81
23
67
48
78
-3.7
30.0
-0.2
38.6
92
5.4
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
38
60
1
54
36
61
72
127
76
93
70
70
70
88
45
74
89
15.0
5.9
<0.1
5.9
4.8
75.3
4.0
83.2
4.2
82.0
39.4
3.7
4.0
3.9
4.8
4.2
3.7
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
34
41
67
49
22
3
1
2
29
62
71
95
32
42
20
57
106
4.7
5.4
3.7
3.9
4.6
12.9
1
1.0
4.4
4.5
5.1
4.2
5.1
4.6
75.8
4.8
2.9
95
81
118
39
47
51
48
110
115
128
99
57
69
60
77
45
50
52
70
46
61
4.0
4.3
4.1
4.2
13.0
4.1
4.3
3.6
2.7
2.2
0.67
4.2
4.2
3.9
3.4
4.3
3.0
5.3
4.3
6
4.3
61
67
89
47
51
63
61
4.9
4.5
4.1
70.4
17.2
53.9
56.2
110
2.9
113
95
114
23
2.5
3.9
29.0
60.5
75
73
47
55
110
82
58
61
87
112
3.8
4.4
4.6
3.8
2.8
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.2
3.3
51
82
53
58
70
15
82
68
Trend
3.4
4.0
4.1
3.4
3.4
4.1
3.8
1.5
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Madagascar 128
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
24.2
Population (millions)
9.7
401.8
0.03
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
128
3.3
Rank
130 / 144
132 / 148
130 / 144
130 / 140
128 / 138
127
3.4
Score
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.3
3.3
127
3.1
133
2.0
102
4.1
122
4.3
128
3.3
126
2.9
120
3.8
56
4.4
121
3.1
128
2.5
107
2.9
114
3.2
120
3.3
97
3.1
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Madagascar
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
21.0
14.7
12.6
10.6
7.8
5.1
4.7
4.4
3.9
3.2
3.2
3.1
2.5
2.3
0.7
0.2
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Madagascar
Value
127
127
107
111
108
127
126
104
110
94
122
128
137
96
111
115
123
110
125
103
135
90
3.1
3.2
3.4
2.6
2.2
2.7
2.5
2.6
2.4
3.2
2.7
2.5
2.6
4.8
3.6
3.8
2.9
3.3
3.6
4.4
3.0
5.0
133
2.0
122
138
95
94
122
110
130
135
121
2.7
2.0
1.8
3.5
3.2
33.4
1.9
46.0
1.0
102
4.1
82
101
120
37
125
-3.7
14.9
7.4
35.6
122
4.3
47
61
120
107
60
86
112
110
112
130
5090.8
3.4
235.0
4.4
0.3
5.0
35.9
65.1
3.0
77.1
126
2.9
129
131
115
82
82
104
98
96
38.4
4.2
2.9
3.8
4.0
3.6
3.9
3.6
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
120
110
123
133
99
73
108
77
113
134
90
97
105
120
68
78
130
3.8
4.6
3.0
2.6
3.3
38.1
9
13.0
3.2
3.1
7.7
4.2
4.0
3.2
42.8
4.5
2.4
56
4.2
4.8
3.7
14.7
4.0
3.5
3.7
2.9
3.3
0.95
121
3.1
128
121
89
108
135
132
102
128
107
3.7
2.9
2.7
2.9
2.6
4.2
3.2
3
2.5
3.8
4.3
3.8
4.2
0.1
12.4
9.0
2.9
105
106
106
69
2.6
3.7
35.4
34.6
120
95
108
110
131
124
130
130
105
80
3.3
4.2
3.7
3.1
2.3
3.1
2.8
2.6
4.0
3.6
97
4.4
94
90
70
59
58
111
103
105
71
11
103
122
117
121
89
104
126
97
81
90
81
73
107
92
105
Trend
3.1
4.0
3.6
3.2
3.4
2.8
3.7
0.1
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Malawi 134
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
18.1
Population (millions)
6.4
354.3
0.02
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
134
3.1
Rank
129 / 144
136 / 148
132 / 144
135 / 140
134 / 138
137
3.0
Score
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.1
94
3.5
135
1.9
137
2.1
120
4.6
130
3.2
131
2.6
119
3.8
38
4.5
115
3.3
135
2.3
125
2.5
121
3.0
122
3.3
120
2.8
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Malawi
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
14.2
12.6
11.2
11.1
9.9
9.1
7.9
6.2
4.9
4.3
3.9
2.3
1.6
0.6
0.3
0.0
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Malawi
Value
94
96
119
119
115
108
57
114
101
76
100
78
94
8
120
83
96
99
81
61
104
96
3.5
4.0
3.3
2.5
2.1
3.1
4.1
2.3
2.6
3.4
3.1
3.3
3.8
6.2
3.3
4.5
3.8
3.5
4.4
5.0
3.6
4.7
135
1.9
125
112
94
130
136
133
125
138
131
2.5
2.9
1.8
2.2
2.4
8.1
2.3
35.3
0.3
137
2.1
112
132
134
115
128
-5.9
4.1
21.9
83.4
120
4.6
56 20964.0
67
3.1
118
227.0
131
3.7
130
10.0
136
3.1
121
43.4
119
62.7
132
2.4
36
97.5
131
127
138
100
125
133
132
123
65
2.6
39.5
0.8
3.2
2.7
3.0
2.6
3.5
3.9
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
119
113
125
111
117
57
94
123
104
31
109
50
64
104
53
116
129
3.8
4.6
2.9
3.1
2.9
34.5
8
38.0
3.3
4.8
9.9
4.8
4.7
3.5
49.9
4.0
2.4
38
4.1
5.4
3.7
16.6
3.6
3.6
4.5
3.2
3.0
1.01
115
3.3
135
131
132
130
129
136
132
114
125
3.5
2.1
3.0
2.7
1.7
4.4
3.9
5
2.3
3.3
3.4
3.3
9.3
0.0
2.4
16.6
2.5
123
126
124
106
2.3
3.2
20.4
23.0
122
107
133
129
122
129
133
129
103
84
3.3
4.0
3.3
2.9
2.6
3.0
2.8
2.7
4.1
3.6
120
4.5
102
36
74
71
98
101
54
88
95
5
115
138
101
127
136
94
93
68
123
119
112
122
102
100
119
Trend
2.8
3.5
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.9
3.6
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Malaysia 25
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
31.0
Population (millions)
296.2
9556.8
0.72
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
25
5.2
Rank
25 / 144
24 / 148
20 / 144
18 / 140
25 / 138
26
5.5
Score
5.1
5.0
5.2
5.2
5.2
26
5.0
24
5.4
35
5.4
44
6.1
24
5.0
41
5.0
12
5.2
24
4.8
13
5.0
43
4.8
24
5.0
20
4.9
20
5.2
22
4.7
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Malaysia
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
12.4
8.8
8.4
8.1
7.2
7.1
7.0
6.9
6.3
5.9
5.9
5.0
4.0
3.3
2.6
1.2
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Malaysia
Value
26
31
27
31
27
40
45
20
8
6
19
17
22
78
60
59
38
25
34
30
20
4
5.0
5.3
5.3
4.7
4.3
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.9
4.9
5.1
4.9
5.1
5.1
4.8
5.1
5.4
5.0
5.3
5.5
5.1
7.8
24
5.4
19
20
15
17
20
23
39
27
72
5.5
5.5
5.1
5.4
5.7
1921.6
5.8
143.9
14.3
35
5.4
69
28
1
84
36
-3.0
28.0
2.1
57.4
44
6.1
21
21
93
83
85
82
45
67
23
77
11.0
5.5
103.0
5.3
0.5
5.1
6.0
74.7
5.1
94.6
41
5.0
95
85
12
19
25
24
17
9
79.0
29.7
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.6
5.3
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
12
40
16
22
14
79
11
15
8
19
63
30
41
21
23
18
13
5.2
5.4
4.7
4.7
4.9
40.0
3
4.0
5.0
4.9
4.5
5.2
5.0
5.1
72.8
5.6
4.5
24
17
41
10
120
12
6
19
8
11
104
13
15
17
22
25
6
44
30
28
43
34
19
8
46
73
75
21
24
4.8
5.3
5.4
5.1
29.4
5.1
5.3
5.5
5.3
5.1
0.65
5.0
5.4
4.9
4.8
4.7
4.6
5.4
5.3
7
4.8
5.6
5.5
5.4
71.1
9.0
34.1
89.9
5.0
28
17
28
16
4.7
5.9
815.6
79.2
20
12
22
13
26
18
15
27
9
10
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
4.7
5.2
4.9
5.1
5.4
5.2
22
13
23
8
11
3
7
36
Trend
4.7
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.2
5.0
5.3
11.3
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Mali 125
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
16.3
801.8
13.1
0.03
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
128 / 144
127 / 140
125 / 138
123
3.6
Score
3.4
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.5
98
3.5
112
2.9
137
3.0
124
3.3
122
2.9
110
4.0
112
3.8
109
3.4
113
2.8
111
2.8
109
3.3
118
3.4
92
3.2
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Mali
2016-17
135 / 148
2015-16
128 / 144
5.0
2014-15
Rank
52
2013-14
3.5
2012-13
125
Edition
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
27.1
13.7
6.9
6.7
6.7
6.4
6.3
5.0
4.3
3.7
3.7
2.7
2.6
1.6
1.4
1.2
14
21
28
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Value
98
113
82
75
59
125
84
56
71
73
63
68
101
126
113
114
102
103
134
102
121
129
3.5
3.7
3.9
3.4
3.2
2.8
3.7
3.3
3.2
3.4
3.7
3.5
3.7
3.2
3.6
3.9
3.6
3.5
3.3
4.4
3.4
3.5
112
2.9
128
97
84
125
110
112
116
31
122
2.4
3.2
2.2
2.3
3.5
32.3
2.8
139.6
1.0
52
5.0
43
65
1
42
126
-2.1
21.2
1.4
36.3
137
3.0
69 42725.0
65
3.2
75
58.0
123
4.0
115
1.4
122
3.9
135
74.5
128
58.0
106
3.1
137
59.4
122
121
124
101
101
91
100
88
111
2.9
43.5
6.9
3.2
3.5
3.8
3.7
4.1
3.5
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
110
121
37
66
81
102
41
53
80
122
104
122
119
117
109
107
125
4.0
4.4
4.1
3.7
3.4
48.3
5
8.5
3.7
3.6
9.9
3.5
3.6
3.3
30.1
4.1
2.6
112
3.8
84
117
53
55
79
120
121
74
72
114
4.2
4.2
3.9
13.6
3.8
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.3
0.62
109
3.4
128
119
96
93
88
118
115
46
113
2.8
4.0
3.9
3.8
10.3
0.0
1.3
18.8
111
2.8
103
120
104
111
2.6
3.4
35.8
20.3
118
103
115
92
102
128
108
123
118
113
3.4
4.1
3.7
3.4
3.0
3.0
3.1
2.9
3.9
3.3
117
74
69
97
57
101
121
Trend
3.3
3.0
3.1
3.4
2.6
3.8
3.5
6
109
117
106
128
134
136
111
92
Mali
3.2
3.6
3.7
3.3
3.1
3.4
3.5
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Malta 40
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
0.4
22734.2
9.8
0.01
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
40
4.5
Rank
47 / 144
41 / 148
47 / 144
48 / 140
40 / 138
29
5.4
Score
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.4
4.5
38
4.5
40
4.7
21
5.8
18
6.4
41
4.5
38
5.0
30
4.7
41
4.5
41
4.4
20
5.8
126
2.5
41
4.0
40
4.3
41
3.7
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Malta
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
15.4
14.6
11.5
9.7
9.4
7.4
6.8
6.7
4.8
3.9
2.9
2.8
1.8
1.2
0.9
0.0
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Value
38
37
33
41
57
44
44
79
35
69
74
45
30
58
25
28
46
42
15
62
26
36
4.5
5.0
4.9
4.2
3.3
4.6
4.6
3.0
3.8
3.5
3.5
3.8
4.8
5.4
5.4
5.7
5.0
4.3
5.8
5.0
5.0
6.3
40
4.7
63
100
4.2
3.2
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
25
26
85
74
45
7
21
5.3
5.6
93.7
4.8
129.3
53.4
5.8
33
20
1
93
31
-1.5
30.9
1.2
64.0
18
6.4
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
31
38
1
37
37
16
19
51
38
87
63
19
22
32
19
26
36
12.0
6.2
0.1
6.1
5.1
81.7
5.3
96.6
5.0
85.5
45.1
4.8
5.0
4.9
5.6
5.3
4.4
Trend
Rank / 138
30
4
40
40
18
86
116
114
25
17
5
48
25
39
4
81
63
41
32
32
59
16
25
44
51
30
21
110
41
29
30
34
31
52
16
22
108
20
35
32
21
34
7
3
51
126
Value
4.5
4.9
5.4
3.9
7.3
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.4
0.63
4.4
4.9
4.5
4.4
4.5
3.0
5.9
5.4
2
5.8
5.6
5.2
5.1
76.2
37.8
1220.6
63.2
2.5
2.0
4.0
15.5
135.4
40
20
54
36
32
32
69
35
64
55
4.3
4.9
4.4
4.2
4.3
4.3
3.6
4.6
4.5
3.9
47
47
43
37
46
69
30
Trend
4.7
6.0
4.0
4.1
4.7
41.3
10
28.0
4.4
5.0
1.0
4.9
5.4
4.6
144.6
4.5
3.5
128
89
128
4
41
Malta
3.7
4.4
4.2
3.7
4.0
3.6
4.0
19.4
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Mauritania 137
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
3.7
1282.3
4.8
0.01
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
137
2.9
Rank
134 / 144
141 / 148
141 / 144
138 / 140
137 / 138
131
3.2
Score
3.3
3.2
3.0
3.0
2.9
135
2.8
129
2.2
106
4.0
130
3.8
138
2.6
138
1.9
136
3.2
131
3.3
137
2.2
133
2.3
128
2.4
138
2.4
138
2.6
137
2.2
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Mauritania
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
24.0
17.9
14.6
12.1
5.0
3.9
3.7
3.5
3.1
2.7
2.7
2.5
1.3
1.3
0.9
0.7
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Mauritania
Value
135
136
134
95
43
138
119
48
95
91
131
132
134
129
117
129
137
138
137
138
138
108
2.8
2.7
2.8
3.0
3.8
1.9
2.8
3.5
2.6
3.2
2.4
2.3
2.8
3.2
3.4
3.1
2.1
2.5
2.5
2.2
2.3
4.3
129
2.2
138
135
90
115
135
129
122
110
119
1.6
2.3
2.0
2.9
2.4
11.7
2.4
89.3
1.3
106
4.0
76
91
37
112
131
-3.5
16.3
0.5
78.1
130
3.8
45
50
96
136
98
128
130
118
138
132
1813.8
4.0
111.0
3.4
0.7
3.7
65.1
63.0
2.0
74.4
138
1.9
135
128
137
132
137
135
138
138
29.9
5.6
2.1
2.5
2.6
2.2
2.5
2.2
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
136
101
137
137
131
134
54
48
105
138
110
129
136
133
40
137
137
3.2
4.7
2.1
2.4
2.5
71.3
6
8.0
3.3
2.6
9.9
3.2
2.7
2.9
54.7
3.1
1.9
131
3.3
63
108
69
36
81
138
138
103
129
124
4.4
4.4
3.8
10.4
3.8
2.1
2.1
2.9
2.1
0.46
137
2.2
138
135
135
134
128
135
135
108
133
132
134
138
125
121
135
105
128
2.3
2.3
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.4
2.4
2
2.3
3.3
3.4
2.4
15.2
0.2
1.5
23.1
2.4
127
125
127
72
2.2
3.2
16.3
33.1
138
124
138
135
137
138
132
135
138
136
2.6
3.8
2.6
2.7
2.1
2.4
2.8
2.5
2.1
2.4
137
138
137
138
81
133
138
121
Trend
2.2
2.1
2.1
1.9
3.3
2.4
2.3
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Mauritius 45
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
1.3
Population (millions)
11.6
9218.4
0.02
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
45
4.5
Rank
54 / 144
45 / 148
39 / 144
46 / 140
45 / 138
39
5.1
Score
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.5
36
4.5
41
4.7
59
4.9
48
6.1
62
4.2
52
4.7
26
4.9
57
4.4
44
4.3
66
4.2
118
2.7
48
3.8
37
4.4
67
3.3
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Mauritius
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
16.9
16.1
13.7
11.1
8.5
7.2
7.1
4.9
4.6
2.4
2.0
1.7
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.6
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Mauritius
Value
36
39
45
56
61
45
33
71
46
39
28
31
28
28
43
22
52
41
57
35
34
29
4.5
5.0
4.5
3.9
3.1
4.6
5.0
3.0
3.6
3.8
4.7
4.4
4.8
5.9
5.2
5.8
4.8
4.4
4.8
5.3
4.7
6.5
41
4.7
42
44
4.6
4.7
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
63
53
67
50
30
35
59
4.2
4.8
199.9
5.4
140.6
30.3
4.9
75
69
1
85
57
-3.4
20.4
1.3
58.1
48
6.1
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
50
52
102
70
66
76
46
56
52
57
73
47
41
46
67
56
32
22.0
6.0
0.9
5.6
11.8
74.2
4.5
96.2
4.7
97.9
38.7
4.2
4.6
4.6
4.2
4.5
4.6
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
26
48
101
37
8
19
41
34
47
37
3
57
37
36
36
32
34
4.9
5.3
3.3
4.1
5.3
22.4
5
6.0
4.1
4.7
0.7
4.7
5.1
4.7
60.0
5.1
3.8
57
35
102
37
37
14
50
53
49
32
108
44
43
44
43
43
62
59
65
46
66
4.4
4.8
4.5
4.3
10.6
5.0
4.3
4.5
3.8
4.0
0.64
4.3
4.6
4.2
4.1
4.3
3.0
5.2
4.4
6
4.2
57
51
61
78
55
76
93
4.9
4.7
4.5
50.1
15.7
33.9
37.0
118
2.7
120
108
120
45
2.4
3.6
24.6
44.0
37
33
53
40
42
28
36
42
43
42
4.4
4.8
4.4
4.1
4.1
4.5
4.2
4.4
4.7
4.1
67
52
84
56
93
60
86
65
Trend
3.3
4.3
3.6
3.4
3.2
3.4
3.8
1.6
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Mexico 51
Key Indicators, 2015
st
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
127.0
Population (millions)
1144.3
9009.3
1.96
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
51
4.4
Rank
53 / 144
55 / 148
61 / 144
57 / 140
51 / 138
71
4.6
Score
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.4
116
3.3
57
4.3
51
5.0
74
5.7
45
4.4
82
4.1
70
4.3
105
3.8
35
4.5
73
4.0
11
5.6
50
3.8
45
4.2
55
3.4
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Mexico
Mexico improves six positions to 51st place, mainly driven by gains in market
efciency. Domestic and foreign competition in the goods market all improve
signicantly, reecting the results of competition and trade policy reforms.
Labor markets have boosted exibility and incentives, and nancial markets
have improved affordability. Primary education continues to be a signicant
competitiveness weakness compared to regional and global leaders, and
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
22.5
12.7
12.1
9.4
8.6
7.0
6.7
5.1
4.0
3.7
2.3
1.7
1.6
1.2
0.7
0.4
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Mexico
Rank / 138
Value
116
84
67
125
124
103
105
124
94
118
113
103
66
91
130
135
130
112
49
53
71
57
3.3
4.1
4.2
2.3
1.8
3.3
3.1
2.1
2.6
2.7
2.9
3.0
4.2
4.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
3.3
4.9
5.0
4.0
5.8
57
4.3
69
58
59
57
61
21
68
114
65
4.1
4.3
2.9
4.4
4.6
2330.2
4.9
85.3
15.9
51
5.0
91
73
1
80
34
-4.1
19.9
2.7
54.0
74
5.7
15
3
46
42
1
64
64
46
114
70
0.4
6.5
21.0
6.2
0.2
5.7
11.3
76.7
3.0
95.1
82
4.1
76
84
112
120
65
82
68
73
90.5
29.9
3.0
2.9
4.2
4.0
4.3
3.9
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
70
57
88
58
89
114
54
40
119
66
68
25
30
72
79
54
67
4.3
5.2
3.4
3.8
3.4
51.7
6
6.3
3.1
4.4
5.0
5.3
5.2
4.0
38.0
4.9
3.4
105
3.8
52
49
92
98
92
80
72
66
63
116
35
78
71
57
75
57
46
46
8
73
52
61
22
66
65
89
74
11
4.6
5.3
3.5
22.0
3.7
3.8
4.3
3.5
3.5
0.59
4.5
4.1
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.0
5.4
4.8
10
4.0
5.0
4.6
5.1
57.4
11.6
20.9
50.4
5.6
11
12
11
65
5.5
6.0
2227.2
35.3
45
38
42
35
76
34
41
40
44
67
4.2
4.7
4.7
4.2
3.3
4.3
4.1
4.4
4.7
3.8
55
67
44
76
52
88
55
60
Trend
3.4
4.1
4.3
3.2
3.6
3.0
4.1
2.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Moldova 100
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
3.6
1804.7
6.4
0.02
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
82 / 144
84 / 140
100 / 138
101
4.1
Score
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.0
3.9
128
3.1
86
3.6
95
5.4
102
3.7
91
4.0
107
4.0
91
4.0
129
3.0
58
4.4
124
2.6
131
2.9
127
3.2
133
2.5
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
Moldova
2016-17
89 / 148
2015-16
87 / 144
4.1
2014-15
Rank
100
2013-14
3.9
2012-13
100
Edition
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Eurasia
20.6
15.2
15.0
8.0
6.2
6.1
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.0
3.8
2.4
2.2
1.5
1.1
0.8
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Moldova
Rank / 138
Value
128
129
114
130
119
116
133
130
97
112
135
134
106
50
61
91
117
122
128
108
133
36
3.1
3.1
3.4
2.2
1.9
3.0
2.0
2.0
2.6
2.8
2.2
2.1
3.7
5.5
4.8
4.3
3.2
3.1
3.5
4.4
3.0
6.3
86
3.6
110
132
70
127
94
114
87
86
30
3.1
2.5
2.7
2.2
3.9
29.3
4.3
108.0
35.0
100
4.1
47
112
127
57
118
-2.3
12.9
9.6
42.0
95
5.4
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
104
88
92
53
77
91
74
113
91
83
66
102
73
125
72
114
128
153.0
5.1
0.6
5.9
13.6
71.5
4.0
87.1
4.0
87.3
41.3
3.2
4.0
3.3
4.2
3.7
3.1
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
107
114
127
134
87
80
22
15
133
87
46
118
98
87
22
112
111
4.0
4.5
2.9
2.5
3.4
40.2
4
4.0
2.8
4.2
3.3
3.5
4.2
3.7
74.6
4.1
2.9
91
4.1
5.4
3.3
22.6
3.3
3.9
3.5
1.9
1.7
0.89
129
3.0
58
95
112
100
79
56
16
70
124
3.4
2.8
2.4
3.1
2.0
2.4
2.1
8
4.4
4.3
4.0
3.9
49.8
15.5
194.9
51.9
2.6
126
116
126
41
2.3
3.5
17.8
45.4
127
128
113
138
130
115
124
113
117
99
3.2
3.6
3.7
2.3
2.4
3.3
2.9
3.1
3.9
3.4
133
4.0
97
37
107
100
109
76
115
136
136
33
121
125
128
111
133
136
136
20
124
125
135
133
136
131
77
Trend
2.5
3.5
2.8
2.2
2.5
2.2
2.9
0.7
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Mongolia 102
Key Indicators, 2015
nd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
3.0
Population (millions)
11.7
3951.9
0.03
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
102
3.8
Rank
93 / 144
107 / 148
98 / 144
104 / 140
102 / 138
107
3.9
Score
3.9
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.8
96
3.5
110
2.9
121
3.6
72
5.7
93
3.8
59
4.6
104
4.0
66
4.3
125
3.1
68
4.1
104
2.9
115
3.2
123
3.3
101
3.1
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Mongolia
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
11.8
11.7
10.4
10.1
9.1
7.9
6.8
6.8
5.9
4.6
4.4
3.9
3.1
2.7
0.4
0.4
12
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Mongolia
Value
96
110
120
97
126
75
100
132
115
82
90
67
72
19
44
43
83
115
127
133
127
8
3.5
3.8
3.3
2.9
1.8
3.8
3.2
1.9
2.3
3.3
3.2
3.5
4.1
6.1
5.2
5.4
4.2
3.3
3.5
3.7
3.3
7.3
110
2.9
102
109
69
137
124
116
97
93
87
3.2
3.0
2.7
1.3
3.1
28.5
3.8
105.0
8.7
121
3.6
125
59
110
110
99
-8.3
21.7
5.9
76.5
72
5.7
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
112
79
1
57
89
101
63
71
59
75
38
109
40
132
42
109
97
170.0
5.4
<0.1
5.8
19.0
69.5
4.1
94.9
4.6
90.7
64.3
3.0
4.6
3.1
4.9
3.7
3.6
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
104
109
136
129
69
23
41
34
97
93
59
108
121
98
63
113
96
4.0
4.6
2.3
2.7
3.6
24.4
5
6.0
3.4
4.1
4.1
3.9
3.6
3.6
45.3
4.0
3.0
66
4.4
6.1
3.9
8.6
3.2
3.6
3.6
2.5
2.5
0.84
125
3.1
68
96
72
94
109
79
17
32
104
3.1
3.2
3.1
3.0
1.9
3.5
2.9
5
4.1
4.3
4.4
4.0
21.4
7.1
159.6
76.0
2.9
108
98
103
42
2.6
3.9
36.1
45.3
123
135
129
133
91
123
128
107
96
115
3.3
3.5
3.4
2.7
3.1
3.1
2.9
3.2
4.1
3.3
101
4.3
68
4
57
19
115
95
112
128
115
57
130
107
97
114
134
125
130
68
57
108
77
129
90
47
75
Trend
3.1
4.3
3.2
3.2
2.6
3.0
4.3
0.7
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Montenegro 82
Key Indicators, 2015
nd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
0.6
6489.1
4.0
0.01
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
67 / 144
70 / 140
82 / 138
86
4.3
Score
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.1
80
3.8
76
3.9
60
5.9
79
4.0
64
4.5
74
4.3
83
4.1
54
4.2
52
4.6
130
2.1
98
3.4
103
3.6
94
3.1
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Montenegro
2016-17
67 / 148
2015-16
72 / 144
3.7
2014-15
Rank
119
2013-14
4.1
2012-13
82
Edition
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
17.4
14.2
9.4
9.1
9.1
8.1
7.5
6.2
4.6
3.8
3.0
2.9
2.4
1.2
0.5
0.4
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Montenegro
Rank / 138
Value
80
103
105
62
64
72
90
64
56
58
75
77
79
69
78
100
98
67
106
114
110
36
3.8
3.9
3.5
3.7
3.1
3.9
3.6
3.1
3.4
3.6
3.5
3.3
4.0
5.3
4.4
4.2
3.7
3.9
3.9
4.3
3.6
6.3
76
3.9
96
102
60
69
81
123
93
11
41
3.4
3.2
2.9
4.0
4.1
20.9
4.0
162.2
24.8
119
3.7
120
103
1
97
86
-7.4
14.7
1.6
66.4
60
5.9
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
46
63
1
55
32
50
57
87
64
77
49
74
60
72
70
107
119
21.0
5.9
0.0
5.9
4.3
76.2
4.2
92.9
4.5
90.3
55.3
3.7
4.4
4.1
4.2
3.8
3.4
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
74
124
89
85
49
18
54
56
56
52
48
99
95
67
32
102
95
4.3
4.3
3.4
3.5
3.9
21.6
6
10.0
3.9
4.6
3.5
4.1
4.2
4.1
62.1
4.2
3.0
83
112
76
85
40
77
85
111
101
112
75
54
116
104
80
97
67
103
91
1
52
88
92
74
59
50
35
76
130
4.1
3.9
4.9
3.6
11.2
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.0
2.5
0.79
4.2
3.5
3.2
3.4
3.4
2.9
4.2
3.9
12
4.6
4.4
4.2
4.3
64.6
18.1
102.2
43.7
2.1
131
128
130
52
1.8
3.1
10.0
42.1
103
119
99
113
70
90
95
104
113
72
3.6
3.9
3.9
3.1
3.4
3.6
3.3
3.3
3.9
3.7
94
98
83
82
94
77
87
54
Trend
3.1
3.8
3.6
3.1
3.2
3.1
3.8
3.2
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Morocco 70
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
33.5
Population (millions)
103.1
3078.6
0.24
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
70
4.2
Rank
70 / 144
77 / 148
72 / 144
72 / 140
70 / 138
51
4.8
Score
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.2
50
4.2
58
4.3
49
5.1
77
5.6
88
3.9
104
3.6
64
4.4
124
3.5
83
3.8
81
3.7
55
4.3
86
3.5
76
3.8
96
3.1
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Morocco
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
15.4
13.0
12.7
11.5
11.0
10.5
5.8
5.7
5.3
3.9
2.5
1.1
1.1
0.4
0.1
0.0
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Morocco
Value
50
46
55
48
53
74
83
47
43
57
71
64
49
43
29
31
28
80
65
78
46
90
4.2
4.7
4.3
4.0
3.4
3.9
3.7
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
4.5
5.7
5.4
5.7
5.8
3.7
4.6
4.8
4.3
5.0
58
4.3
50
55
37
38
55
48
53
53
98
4.5
4.4
3.9
4.8
4.7
474.4
5.3
126.9
6.5
49
5.1
93
16
1
92
69
-4.3
32.0
1.6
63.7
77
5.6
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
94
69
1
61
96
80
118
22
104
101
92
119
72
76
109
83
126
106.0
5.7
0.1
5.7
23.7
74.0
2.9
98.4
3.6
69.1
24.6
2.8
4.0
4.1
3.6
4.1
3.2
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
64
70
64
84
36
106
22
56
14
124
113
53
39
60
67
75
84
4.4
5.1
3.7
3.5
4.1
49.1
4
10.0
4.7
3.6
10.4
4.8
5.0
4.3
43.2
4.6
3.2
124
3.5
122
47
103
91
54
114
84
91
68
132
83
95
80
48
87
91
61
37
108
81
50
63
58
67
93
92
88
55
3.7
5.3
3.3
20.7
4.1
3.4
4.0
3.2
3.4
0.34
3.8
3.9
3.6
4.0
3.6
2.6
5.1
5.1
2
3.7
5.0
4.6
4.5
57.1
3.4
18.3
39.3
4.3
49
55
55
70
4.1
4.8
273.5
34.5
76
51
73
79
103
78
71
85
78
81
3.8
4.6
4.2
3.6
3.0
3.7
3.6
3.6
4.3
3.6
96
94
112
95
100
86
67
66
Trend
3.1
3.8
3.1
3.0
3.1
3.0
4.0
1.5
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Mozambique 133
Key Indicators, 2015
rd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
28.0
534.9
15.0
0.03
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
133
3.1
Rank
138 / 144
137 / 148
133 / 144
133 / 140
133 / 138
133
3.2
Score
3.2
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.1
124
3.2
124
2.5
125
3.5
134
3.5
131
3.1
135
2.3
118
3.9
92
4.0
128
3.0
127
2.5
102
3.0
124
3.0
128
3.2
117
2.8
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Mozambique
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
15.5
12.3
12.2
10.1
9.3
6.8
5.8
5.8
4.8
3.9
3.6
2.6
2.3
2.1
1.6
1.3
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Mozambique
Value
124
116
128
124
93
117
112
110
91
90
102
122
122
112
118
121
127
126
124
122
125
86
3.2
3.6
3.2
2.4
2.6
3.0
2.9
2.4
2.7
3.2
3.0
2.6
3.4
4.3
3.3
3.6
2.8
3.1
3.6
4.1
3.4
5.2
124
2.5
123
133
78
92
113
104
118
126
128
2.6
2.4
2.4
3.5
3.4
42.8
2.8
74.2
0.3
125
3.5
113
138
1
108
116
-6.0
-13.1
2.4
74.8
134
3.5
65 34170.7
59
3.6
135
551.0
120
4.1
131
10.6
129
3.6
127
56.7
133
55.0
135
2.1
110
87.6
135
137
126
123
128
135
128
134
132
2.3
24.5
6.0
2.7
2.6
2.9
3.1
3.0
3.1
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
118
117
120
128
83
65
116
98
106
109
88
69
79
100
19
134
109
3.9
4.5
3.0
2.7
3.4
36.1
10
19.0
3.3
3.9
7.6
4.5
4.4
3.5
77.4
3.6
2.9
92
4.0
123
114
96
130
63
133
126
77
57
1
3.7
4.3
3.5
37.5
4.0
2.9
3.3
3.4
3.6
1.11
128
3.0
124
123
116
105
113
110
111
127
127
124
118
101
130
129
116
126
102
3.4
2.9
2.7
3.2
2.3
4.1
3.6
1
2.5
3.7
3.9
3.9
9.0
0.1
6.1
9.4
3.0
96
109
110
77
2.8
3.6
33.2
32.5
128
129
135
114
108
119
119
128
119
118
3.2
3.6
3.2
3.1
2.9
3.3
2.9
2.7
3.9
3.2
117
2.8
121
122
105
87
85
125
121
Trend
3.5
2.8
2.9
3.3
3.1
3.1
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Namibia 84
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
2.2
Population (millions)
12.8
5776.9
0.02
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
84
4.0
Rank
92 / 144
90 / 148
88 / 144
85 / 140
84 / 138
75
4.4
Score
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.0
39
4.5
66
4.1
74
4.6
121
4.6
94
3.8
110
3.3
79
4.2
32
4.6
49
4.2
87
3.6
113
2.8
77
3.5
83
3.7
74
3.3
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Namibia
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
17.7
14.8
10.3
10.2
7.2
6.5
6.3
5.6
5.0
4.6
3.0
2.8
2.3
2.0
1.0
0.9
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Namibia
Value
39
34
40
58
46
60
30
69
72
32
33
25
32
14
90
60
65
45
33
65
30
63
4.5
5.2
4.7
3.8
3.6
4.2
5.2
3.0
3.2
4.0
4.6
4.5
4.8
6.2
4.2
5.1
4.4
4.3
5.3
4.9
4.9
5.7
66
4.1
45
23
50
24
57
105
46
97
94
4.5
5.2
3.2
5.3
4.6
41.5
5.5
102.1
7.6
74
4.6
111
74
60
21
64
-5.9
19.6
3.4
27.2
121
4.6
36
41
136
127
133
131
106
112
88
105
370.4
4.6
561.0
3.9
16.0
3.4
32.8
64.7
3.5
89.7
110
3.3
108
118
92
114
115
115
108
44
64.8
9.3
3.3
3.1
3.6
3.4
3.8
4.3
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
79
103
91
48
30
17
116
132
39
41
82
38
77
57
26
131
54
4.2
4.7
3.4
3.9
4.2
21.3
10
66.0
4.2
4.6
6.4
5.1
4.5
4.3
66.3
3.7
3.6
32
62
89
88
31
31
90
47
51
40
37
49
49
68
59
74
84
40
38
68
87
4.6
4.4
4.8
3.6
9.6
4.4
3.7
4.6
3.8
3.8
0.89
4.2
4.6
3.8
3.7
3.8
2.6
5.6
5.1
5
3.6
51
66
72
106
102
87
53
5.0
4.5
4.4
22.3
1.7
22.5
62.1
113
2.8
115
112
117
54
2.5
3.6
25.3
40.4
83
136
90
73
61
94
90
80
90
75
3.7
3.4
4.0
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.4
3.6
4.2
3.6
74
71
92
51
89
58
105
92
Trend
3.3
4.1
3.5
3.5
3.3
3.4
3.5
0.2
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Nepal 98
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
28.4
751.1
21.4
0.06
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
125 / 144
117 / 148
102 / 144
100 / 140
98 / 138
98
4.2
Score
3.5
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.9
100
3.5
130
2.2
27
5.5
82
5.6
118
3.5
113
3.3
116
3.9
103
3.9
73
3.9
126
2.6
91
3.2
127
2.9
124
3.3
126
2.6
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
Nepal
2013-14
3.9
2012-13
98
Edition
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
South Asia
17.8
14.2
14.2
10.9
8.9
6.3
4.9
4.5
4.3
4.1
2.8
2.7
2.2
1.8
0.3
0.1
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Value
100
86
111
72
121
122
59
106
105
98
97
86
107
110
93
92
94
116
104
98
106
57
3.5
4.1
3.4
3.5
1.9
2.9
4.1
2.5
2.5
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.6
4.4
4.1
4.3
3.8
3.2
4.0
4.6
3.6
5.8
130
2.2
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
124
118
136
131
83
132
100
108
27
2.6
2.8
1.3
2.6
101.7
1.8
96.7
3.0
5.5
8
11
118
24
124
1.0
33.9
7.2
28.7
82
5.6
28
28
105
98
1
99
102
98
94
49
49.7
5.2
158.0
4.7
0.2
4.7
29.4
69.6
3.4
96.9
113
3.3
107
105
77
86
113
114
129
129
67.2
15.8
3.6
3.8
3.6
3.4
3.4
3.1
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
116
83
133
122
56
36
76
93
93
74
135
133
116
105
87
115
99
3.9
4.9
2.7
3.0
3.9
29.5
7
17.0
3.4
4.3
16.8
2.9
3.7
3.5
35.6
4.0
3.0
103
3.9
131
110
125
110
65
117
122
113
113
17
73
77
84
41
65
81
100
83
46
126
127
129
131
121
109
129
106
91
3.9
4.1
3.6
4.2
4.0
2.7
4.3
4.1
6
2.6
3.5
3.6
3.2
17.6
1.1
2.7
21.1
3.2
3.2
3.3
70.1
8.7
124
94
128
109
112
117
113
124
131
131
3.3
4.2
3.4
3.1
2.8
3.3
3.0
2.9
3.6
2.9
128
132
129
131
113
106
118
Trend
3.5
4.3
2.8
27.2
3.9
3.3
3.4
2.7
2.5
0.94
79
123
87
136
126
Nepal
2.6
3.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
3.5
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Netherlands 4
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
16.9
Population (millions)
738.4
43603.1
0.73
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
5.6
Rank
5 / 144
8 / 148
8 / 144
5 / 140
4 / 138
6.1
Score
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.6
11
5.7
6.4
22
5.7
6.7
5.4
6.1
5.4
14
5.1
37
4.5
6.2
23
5.1
5.5
5.6
5.4
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Netherlands
The Netherlands continues its climb toward the top of the Index, improving its
score and rising by one spot to 4th. This is the result of small improvements
across all three subindexes, with a solid and even performance across the
pillars including top 10 ranks for infrastructure, health and primary education,
higher education and training, goods market efciency, technological
readiness, business sophistication, and innovation. The Netherlands scores
especially high on the quality of its scientic research institutions (4th) and
closeness of links between universities and the private sector (5th). Success
stories of social innovation are particularly frequent in the Netherlands. One
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
21.1
16.1
14.2
11.6
10.2
9.1
7.8
4.5
2.0
1.9
0.9
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Netherlands
Rank / 138
Value
11
9
5
10
10
13
7
8
18
31
12
5
8
57
41
21
14
9
10
13
17
63
5.7
6.2
6.2
6.0
5.6
6.2
6.4
5.2
4.3
4.0
5.5
5.5
5.9
5.4
5.2
5.8
6.2
5.8
6.1
6.0
5.2
5.7
6.4
5
4
7
1
4
22
5
58
18
6.2
6.1
5.6
6.8
6.5
1977.1
6.8
123.5
41.3
22
5.7
41
27
47
100
9
-1.9
28.3
0.2
67.6
6.7
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
12
10
1
11
21
20
5
6
3
5
19
7
7
6
7
3
6
5.8
6.8
0.2
6.6
3.2
81.3
5.9
99.6
6.1
132.3
78.5
5.4
5.6
5.8
6.0
6.1
5.4
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
8
11
9
6
21
84
22
15
7
24
5
22
13
8
11
17
18
5.4
5.9
5.1
5.5
4.6
41.0
4
4.0
5.1
4.9
1.0
5.4
5.6
5.6
89.8
5.6
4.4
14
6
127
49
23
80
25
6
9
13
45
37
35
22
18
54
23
51
16
97
6
9
8
11
7
3
11
41
23
5.1
5.9
3.9
4.0
8.7
3.8
4.7
6.2
5.2
5.0
0.87
4.5
4.7
4.8
5.0
4.2
3.7
5.3
5.6
3
6.2
6.3
5.8
5.3
93.1
41.7
242.3
70.5
5.1
30
7
27
7
4.7
6.1
832.6
100.9
5
13
7
7
9
8
7
6
5
3
5.6
5.1
5.6
5.3
5.9
5.5
5.3
6.1
5.6
5.7
10
4
14
5
21
21
9
Trend
5.4
5.4
6.0
5.1
5.5
3.9
4.8
208.7
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
New Zealand 13
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
4.7
Population (millions)
172.2
37044.9
0.15
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
13
5.3
Rank
23 / 144
18 / 148
17 / 144
16 / 140
13 / 138
6.0
Score
5.1
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.3
6.0
27
5.3
17
6.0
6.6
5.4
10
5.9
10
5.3
5.4
5.8
13
6.0
64
3.9
26
4.7
26
4.8
23
4.6
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
New Zealand
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
17.6
14.4
14.2
12.4
8.7
7.1
6.1
5.3
4.7
4.3
3.7
0.8
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
New Zealand
Value
3
12
6
1
4
2
2
5
5
26
8
4
2
39
30
11
2
2
4
1
4
1
6.0
6.2
6.1
6.4
5.9
6.7
6.7
5.4
5.1
4.0
5.6
5.5
6.2
5.7
5.4
6.2
6.6
6.2
6.4
6.3
5.7
8.3
27
5.3
35
47
47
21
23
33
24
60
21
4.8
4.5
3.4
5.3
5.7
912.7
6.3
121.8
40.2
17
6.0
12
76
43
25
15
0.3
19.2
0.3
30.4
6.6
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
21
9
1
7
35
18
9
23
10
11
14
9
14
24
9
12
18
7.4
6.8
0.1
6.8
4.7
81.4
5.6
98.4
5.9
117.5
80.9
5.4
5.3
5.3
6.0
5.8
5.0
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
10
29
25
2
16
56
1
1
1
7
34
26
45
5
116
9
28
5.3
5.5
4.3
5.5
4.7
34.3
1
0.5
5.8
5.3
1.5
5.3
4.9
5.9
27.9
5.7
4.0
9
16
18
1
16
9
3
31
15
39
1
11
16
11
1
16
4
9
1
13
23
17
29
16
17
31
9
64
5.4
5.7
5.8
4.6
0.0
4.8
5.1
6.2
4.4
4.9
0.89
5.8
5.5
4.9
5.3
5.7
4.1
6.5
5.9
12
6.0
5.9
5.6
4.9
88.2
31.5
108.5
114.2
3.9
63
70
64
94
3.7
4.4
168.2
28.2
26
72
12
47
35
39
21
28
15
6
4.8
4.5
5.5
3.9
4.2
4.2
4.7
5.0
5.2
5.5
23
17
18
27
19
44
25
21
Trend
4.6
5.3
5.6
4.4
4.8
3.6
4.7
78.9
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Nicaragua 103
Key Indicators, 2015
rd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
6.3
Population (millions)
12.2
1949.2
0.03
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
108 / 144
99 / 148
99 / 144
108 / 140
103 / 138
97
4.2
Score
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
122
3.2
104
3.2
56
4.9
87
5.5
126
3.3
116
3.1
122
3.8
113
3.8
114
3.3
116
2.8
106
2.9
135
2.8
134
3.1
136
2.4
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Nicaragua
2013-14
3.8
2012-13
103
Edition
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
17.2
16.4
11.5
10.7
9.4
8.6
8.2
7.6
4.1
2.3
2.1
1.2
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Nicaragua
Value
122
124
131
118
132
106
136
129
80
114
117
135
123
6
49
29
99
120
76
106
126
117
3.2
3.2
3.0
2.5
1.7
3.1
1.7
2.0
3.0
2.8
2.9
2.1
3.3
6.3
5.1
5.7
3.7
3.2
4.4
4.4
3.4
4.0
104
3.2
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
105
84
116
109
119
95
69
101
56
3.2
3.6
2.8
3.6
24.9
4.0
116.1
5.7
4.9
30
75
78
26
120
-1.4
19.3
4.0
31.2
87
5.5
26
18
75
56
60
72
88
64
133
45
39.9
5.7
58.0
5.9
0.3
5.5
18.8
74.8
2.3
97.0
116
3.1
99
103
132
135
109
131
133
104
74.2
17.2
2.3
2.3
3.7
2.7
3.1
3.5
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
122
100
135
121
112
128
54
77
73
103
51
74
55
136
28
133
127
3.8
4.7
2.7
3.0
3.0
63.9
6
13.0
3.7
4.0
3.9
4.4
4.8
2.4
65.4
3.6
2.5
113
3.8
71
86
36
61
118
112
132
102
99
112
4.4
4.8
4.3
14.9
3.1
3.4
3.2
2.9
2.8
0.63
114
3.3
94
99
115
123
121
56
74
127
116
110
120
87
114
100
88
132
106
3.9
3.3
2.7
2.8
2.1
5.2
4.2
1
2.8
4.0
3.8
4.1
19.7
1.9
21.1
7.2
2.9
109
100
112
35
2.6
3.8
31.3
50.6
134
127
127
111
138
130
114
127
123
100
3.1
3.7
3.4
3.1
1.9
3.0
3.0
2.7
3.8
3.4
136
137
134
136
108
131
133
103
Trend
2.4
3.0
2.3
2.2
3.0
2.4
2.8
0.1
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Nigeria 127
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
178.7
2742.9
490.2
0.96
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
127
3.4
Rank
115 / 144
120 / 148
127 / 144
124 / 140
127 / 138
136
3.1
Score
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.5
3.4
118
3.3
132
2.1
108
4.0
138
2.8
85
3.9
125
2.9
98
4.1
37
4.5
89
3.7
105
3.1
26
5.0
110
3.3
99
3.6
113
2.9
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Nigeria
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
interbank market, meaning access to nance will remain difcult for many
businesses. Additional factors holding back Nigerias competitiveness include
an underdeveloped infrastructure (132nd), which is again rated as the
countrys most problematic factor for doing business; insufcient health and
primary education (138th), with only 63 percent of children enrolled in
primary school; and the poor quality and quantity of higher education and
training (125th).
22.2
15.9
13.9
12.8
11.0
9.5
3.6
3.0
2.0
2.0
1.1
1.0
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.0
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Nigeria
Value
118
95
112
127
131
129
76
127
126
107
86
85
113
132
121
110
121
117
56
49
50
20
3.3
4.0
3.4
2.2
1.7
2.6
3.8
2.1
2.2
3.0
3.3
3.2
3.5
3.0
3.1
4.0
3.0
3.2
4.9
5.1
4.2
6.8
132
2.1
132
126
103
117
119
55
137
118
137
2.3
2.6
1.5
2.8
3.2
318.0
1.4
82.2
0.1
108
4.0
86
116
125
7
88
-4.0
12.0
9.0
11.5
138
2.8
64 33243.9
58
3.6
127
322.0
91
5.0
123
3.2
105
4.5
134
69.4
134
52.8
124
2.8
136
63.8
125
120
114
118
124
94
129
91
68
2.9
43.8
10.4
2.8
2.7
3.8
3.1
4.1
3.9
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
98
75
66
124
27
55
107
119
43
30
102
52
33
132
137
123
93
4.1
5.0
3.7
2.8
4.2
33.3
9
30.8
4.1
4.8
9.7
4.8
5.1
2.9
13.6
3.9
3.0
37
86
40
16
64
11
71
33
80
50
83
89
4.5
4.2
5.4
4.8
15.4
5.1
3.9
4.8
3.3
3.7
0.76
3.7
101
132
46
129
130
83
49
46
3.7
2.5
4.1
2.6
2.0
4.5
4.7
6
105
3.1
97
83
73
83
135
127
107
26
4.3
4.3
4.3
47.4
0.0
3.0
21.0
5.0
21
51
22
134
5.0
4.9
1091.7
10.4
99
44
103
88
128
106
127
115
58
88
3.6
4.7
3.8
3.5
2.4
3.4
2.9
3.1
4.5
3.6
113
2.9
77
126
96
123
97
88
112
Trend
4.0
2.7
3.0
2.7
2.9
3.8
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Norway 11
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
5.2
Population (millions)
389.5
74822.1
0.31
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
15 / 144
11 / 148
11 / 144
11 / 140
11 / 138
6.1
Score
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.9
34
4.9
6.8
11
6.6
11
5.3
5.9
21
5.1
5.3
5.2
6.2
49
4.4
13
5.2
10
5.4
12
5.1
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Norway
2013-14
5.4
2012-13
11
Edition
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
17.0
14.9
12.8
12.8
12.2
8.9
8.3
4.5
3.3
1.8
1.5
1.2
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Norway
Value
5
10
12
7
3
10
3
11
13
20
7
6
6
30
11
2
5
8
3
2
3
14
5.9
6.2
6.0
6.0
5.9
6.4
6.6
5.1
4.6
4.2
5.6
5.4
6.0
5.8
5.8
6.6
6.5
5.9
6.4
6.3
5.9
7.2
34
4.9
32
67
42
18
15
39
9
75
52
4.8
4.1
3.6
5.4
5.8
614.6
6.7
113.6
20.0
6.8
2
5
1
23
2
5.4
37.6
2.2
27.9
11
6.6
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
26
2
1
5
5
15
17
4
7
14
21
8
25
11
5
11
2
8.1
6.9
0.2
6.8
2.0
81.8
5.4
99.9
5.9
112.6
76.8
5.4
4.9
5.6
6.1
5.8
5.5
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
21
69
18
9
60
76
22
15
57
39
43
29
29
16
102
16
11
5.1
5.1
4.7
5.2
3.8
39.5
4
4.0
3.9
4.6
3.0
5.2
5.2
5.2
31.3
5.6
4.6
1
124
81
23
55
15
5
4
18
14
7
13
8
11
10
7
5
68
4
5
14
3
6
14
19
49
5.3
6.2
3.9
3.6
8.7
4.1
4.9
6.2
5.5
4.7
0.95
5.2
5.7
5.0
5.4
5.2
4.3
6.4
6.1
5
6.2
6.5
6.0
5.3
96.8
38.9
220.9
92.8
4.4
47
45
47
58
4.2
5.0
356.2
37.4
10
71
14
9
7
24
20
8
20
2
5.4
4.5
5.4
5.2
6.1
4.9
4.7
6.1
5.1
6.0
12
14
19
18
20
17
11
12
Trend
5.1
5.4
5.4
4.9
4.7
4.0
5.2
140.7
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Oman 66
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
3.8
Population (millions)
58.5
15233.0
0.15
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
66
4.3
Rank
32 / 144
33 / 148
46 / 144
62 / 140
66 / 138
42
5.0
Score
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.2
4.3
28
5.0
38
4.8
81
4.5
69
5.7
63
4.2
85
4.1
51
4.5
82
4.1
55
4.2
57
4.4
68
3.8
69
3.6
66
3.9
76
3.3
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Oman
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
23.5
15.8
15.6
10.3
9.5
8.9
4.8
4.0
3.4
1.7
1.2
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Rank / 138
Value
28
28
36
29
19
33
43
32
6
45
31
37
37
18
6
3
12
31
41
46
28
108
5.0
5.4
4.8
4.8
4.7
5.2
4.7
3.9
5.1
3.7
4.6
4.1
4.6
6.1
6.3
6.6
6.3
4.7
5.2
5.1
5.0
4.3
38
4.8
31
19
4.9
5.5
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
44
54
56
26
14
81
81
4.6
4.7
313.4
6.2
159.9
10.5
4.5
138
84
48
14
41
-20.4
16.9
0.2
20.6
69
5.7
n/a
12
29
64
1
65
60
44
78
96
P.R.
6.0
9.6
5.8
0.2
5.7
9.9
77.1
3.9
91.1
85
4.1
37
87
80
89
119
84
112
49
101.9
28.6
3.6
3.7
3.5
4.0
3.7
4.2
Trend
Rank / 138
51
112
110
61
9
21
41
42
23
38
60
96
100
45
117
87
78
82
55
68
120
7
6
78
61
34
26
128
55
42
31
35
27
30
50
34
127
57
66
57
85
37
83
58
30
68
Value
4.1
4.5
5.0
3.1
4.3
5.3
3.8
4.5
4.2
4.3
0.36
4.2
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.7
3.5
5.3
5.2
1
4.4
4.9
4.7
4.1
74.2
5.6
59.8
78.3
3.8
3.4
4.8
171.4
54.4
66
121
84
65
63
67
50
55
98
36
3.9
3.9
4.1
3.7
3.6
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.2
97
105
106
53
35
79
82
Trend
4.5
4.6
3.2
3.7
5.2
22.9
5
7.0
4.4
4.6
4.1
4.2
4.1
4.5
26.1
4.4
3.3
73
58
62
29
76
Oman
3.3
3.8
3.2
2.9
3.6
3.7
3.8
0.4
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Pakistan 122
Key Indicators, 2015
nd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
186.2
1450.0
270.0
0.82
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
122
3.5
Rank
124 / 144
133 / 148
129 / 144
126 / 140
122 / 138
126
3.5
Score
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.5
111
3.3
116
2.7
116
3.8
128
4.0
113
3.5
123
2.9
117
3.9
129
3.3
107
3.4
119
2.7
29
4.9
85
3.5
95
3.7
75
3.3
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
Pakistan
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
South Asia
15.6
10.8
9.2
8.4
7.9
7.4
6.5
5.8
5.6
5.1
4.3
3.6
3.1
2.4
2.3
1.9
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Pakistan
Value
111
122
109
79
85
110
88
73
98
75
109
100
108
134
125
130
118
90
121
123
109
25
3.3
3.5
3.4
3.3
2.7
3.1
3.6
3.0
2.6
3.4
3.0
3.0
3.6
2.7
2.9
3.1
3.1
3.6
3.7
4.1
3.6
6.7
116
2.7
93
77
53
84
91
46
121
130
117
3.5
3.8
3.1
3.7
4.0
515.0
2.4
66.9
1.6
116
3.8
106
107
93
95
114
-5.3
14.1
4.5
64.4
128
4.0
40
48
122
104
1
95
131
108
115
133
810.6
4.2
270.0
4.4
0.1
4.8
65.8
66.2
3.0
73.0
123
2.9
124
115
71
98
84
105
97
120
41.6
10.4
3.7
3.5
4.0
3.6
4.0
3.4
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
117
118
97
96
85
48
116
98
99
112
134
117
106
113
133
114
86
3.9
4.5
3.4
3.4
3.4
32.6
10
19.0
3.4
3.9
16.6
3.6
4.0
3.4
19.1
4.0
3.1
129
3.3
134
120
63
110
84
97
119
78
86
134
3.4
4.1
3.8
27.2
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.4
3.1
0.30
107
3.4
119
2.7
102
88
73
103
68
101
106
97
99
114
86
119
110
103
121
29
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.3
2.9
4.3
3.7
3
4.2
3.9
4.1
18.0
1.0
11.9
13.0
4.9
23
59
26
135
4.9
4.8
931.0
9.4
95
102
111
76
85
77
60
77
114
114
3.7
4.2
3.7
3.7
3.2
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.9
3.3
75
95
87
67
68
33
66
111
Trend
3.3
3.8
3.6
3.3
3.4
3.7
4.0
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Panama 42
Key Indicators, 2015
nd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
4.0
Population (millions)
52.1
13012.6
0.08
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
42
4.5
Rank
40 / 144
40 / 148
48 / 144
50 / 140
42 / 138
34
5.1
Score
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.4
4.5
70
4.0
36
4.9
16
6.0
67
5.8
51
4.4
86
4.1
40
4.6
67
4.3
12
5.1
53
4.6
79
3.5
44
3.9
38
4.3
49
3.5
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Panama
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
18.0
17.5
15.8
10.6
9.0
6.0
5.0
3.6
3.5
3.5
2.3
1.6
1.3
1.0
0.8
0.5
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Panama
Rank / 138
Value
70
40
37
103
94
71
118
93
59
41
101
94
52
21
74
52
59
86
37
42
38
63
4.0
4.9
4.8
2.9
2.5
3.9
2.9
2.7
3.3
3.8
3.0
3.0
4.4
6.0
4.5
5.2
4.7
3.6
5.3
5.2
4.5
5.7
36
4.9
37
48
27
5
6
49
57
8
67
4.7
4.5
4.2
6.3
6.2
443.3
5.2
174.2
15.6
16
6.0
60
4
50
49
52
-2.8
41.5
0.1
38.8
67
5.8
23
9
69
59
92
100
80
39
99
61
21.5
6.0
46.0
5.9
0.6
4.7
14.6
77.6
3.3
95.9
86
4.1
98
72
89
110
87
58
70
45
75.5
38.7
3.4
3.2
3.9
4.5
4.3
4.2
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
40
34
35
43
12
70
41
34
120
27
65
8
10
46
66
80
53
4.6
5.4
4.2
4.0
5.0
37.2
5
6.0
3.1
4.8
4.7
5.8
5.7
4.5
44.4
4.5
3.6
67
40
98
95
78
20
64
70
21
12
103
12
5
6
36
8
22
11
25
28
53
31
27
5
76
77
46
100
79
4.3
4.7
4.6
3.5
18.1
4.6
4.0
4.3
4.7
5.1
0.65
5.1
5.8
5.5
4.3
5.2
3.8
6.1
5.4
7
4.6
5.6
5.3
5.5
51.2
7.9
75.9
32.7
3.5
81
75
76
47
3.2
4.3
87.2
43.1
38
43
43
37
29
33
40
56
26
71
4.3
4.7
4.7
4.2
4.4
4.3
4.1
4.0
5.0
3.7
49
48
59
47
75
31
68
63
Trend
3.5
4.4
4.0
3.5
3.4
3.8
4.0
1.6
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Paraguay 117
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
7.0
Population (millions)
28.1
4009.6
0.05
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
120 / 144
118 / 140
117 / 138
111
3.9
Score
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.7
131
3.0
122
2.6
106
5.0
105
3.6
107
3.4
91
4.2
107
3.8
72
4.0
104
3.2
90
3.2
126
3.0
117
3.4
132
2.5
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Paraguay
2016-17
119 / 148
2015-16
116 / 144
4.9
2014-15
Rank
60
2013-14
3.7
2012-13
117
Edition
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
18.2
15.0
14.5
13.6
10.5
5.2
5.1
4.1
3.7
3.6
2.5
1.5
1.2
0.7
0.4
0.3
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Paraguay
Value
131
111
110
134
137
124
132
125
131
70
133
129
93
98
107
102
125
134
94
104
115
115
3.0
3.8
3.4
1.9
1.5
2.9
2.2
2.1
1.9
3.5
2.3
2.5
3.8
4.7
3.8
4.2
2.8
2.7
4.2
4.4
3.5
4.2
122
2.6
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
130
136
108
132
113
115
91
102
60
2.4
2.2
3.1
2.6
29.7
2.9
105.4
5.5
4.9
51
100
38
18
76
-2.5
14.9
2.9
23.8
106
5.0
1
8
64
57
76
59
85
86
136
109
0.0
6.1
43.0
5.9
0.4
5.8
17.5
72.9
2.1
88.5
107
3.4
97
77
136
137
130
127
132
118
76.6
35.1
2.1
2.2
3.1
3.1
3.3
3.4
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
91
74
111
125
10
60
76
122
94
65
84
84
27
99
71
91
105
4.2
5.0
3.2
2.8
5.2
35.0
7
35.0
3.4
4.4
6.6
4.3
5.2
3.6
40.5
4.4
2.9
107
3.8
78
26
106
119
26
126
120
64
87
93
72
62
53
51
41
90
53
44
108
104
118
116
91
87
94
93
89
90
4.3
5.5
3.3
29.4
4.5
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.1
0.70
4.0
4.3
4.0
4.0
4.4
2.6
5.3
4.8
2
3.2
3.9
3.9
4.0
44.4
3.1
17.9
39.2
3.2
90
92
92
76
3.0
4.0
61.0
32.6
117
93
89
127
132
108
109
114
73
128
3.4
4.2
4.1
2.9
2.3
3.4
3.1
3.1
4.3
3.0
132
114
133
130
135
115
137
121
Trend
2.5
3.6
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.7
2.7
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Peru 67
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
31.9
Population (millions)
192.1
6021.1
0.34
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
67
4.2
Rank
61 / 144
61 / 148
65 / 144
69 / 140
67 / 138
77
4.4
Score
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.2
106
3.4
89
3.6
33
5.4
98
5.3
57
4.3
80
4.1
65
4.4
61
4.3
26
4.7
88
3.6
48
4.4
108
3.3
78
3.8
119
2.8
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Peru
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
19.0
15.4
12.6
11.0
7.6
6.7
6.0
5.6
5.1
3.2
2.8
2.1
1.6
0.7
0.5
0.0
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Rank / 138
Value
106
92
100
110
123
70
103
100
112
134
129
110
64
106
126
131
129
101
38
36
54
49
3.4
4.0
3.6
2.6
1.9
3.9
3.1
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.4
2.8
4.3
4.5
2.8
3.0
2.6
3.5
5.2
5.2
4.2
6.0
89
3.6
115
110
91
88
80
43
65
84
83
3.0
3.0
1.9
3.6
4.1
580.6
4.9
109.9
9.3
33
5.4
46
60
64
16
42
-2.2
21.6
3.5
23.1
98
5.3
35
15
97
93
76
76
74
71
131
89
306.7
5.8
120.0
5.0
0.4
5.4
13.1
74.5
2.4
92.8
80
4.1
62
67
127
133
79
88
71
87
95.6
40.5
2.6
2.5
4.0
3.8
4.2
3.7
Trend
Rank / 138
65
67
98
75
66
63
54
109
79
76
36
45
28
70
123
51
68
61
75
17
130
41
102
81
55
46
47
66
26
32
32
49
38
39
31
31
20
88
94
97
45
91
81
70
94
48
Peru
Value
4.3
4.3
5.8
2.5
11.4
3.5
3.8
4.5
3.8
3.7
0.81
4.7
4.8
4.4
4.0
4.4
3.2
5.7
5.3
8
3.6
4.3
4.2
4.7
40.9
6.4
43.2
36.7
4.4
44
63
46
108
4.3
4.8
389.1
20.9
78
42
63
102
111
105
93
86
56
65
3.8
4.7
4.3
3.2
2.8
3.4
3.3
3.6
4.5
3.8
119
2.8
111
114
122
110
125
114
79
Trend
4.4
5.2
3.4
3.6
3.6
35.9
6
26.0
3.7
4.3
1.8
5.0
5.2
4.0
23.8
4.9
3.4
3.7
3.1
2.7
2.9
2.6
3.4
0.5
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Philippines 57
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
102.2
2858.1
292.0
0.65
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
57
4.4
Rank
65 / 144
59 / 148
52 / 144
47 / 140
57 / 138
65
4.6
Score
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.4
4.4
91
3.6
95
3.4
20
5.9
81
5.6
58
4.2
58
4.6
99
4.1
86
4.0
48
4.2
83
3.6
31
4.9
53
3.8
52
4.1
62
3.4
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Philippines
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
18.8
17.8
16.9
10.8
8.3
7.0
5.6
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.3
2.0
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.1
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Philippines
Rank / 138
Value
91
81
74
102
99
105
80
94
61
117
110
83
86
120
110
89
110
71
44
44
53
120
3.6
4.1
4.0
2.9
2.4
3.2
3.8
2.7
3.3
2.7
3.0
3.2
3.9
4.1
3.7
4.3
3.5
3.8
5.1
5.1
4.2
3.8
95
3.4
112
106
89
113
116
27
94
65
107
3.0
3.1
2.0
2.9
3.2
1301.6
4.0
118.1
3.0
20
5.9
17
46
1
44
48
-0.0
23.7
1.4
37.1
81
5.6
22
34
124
109
1
92
94
104
75
60
16.1
4.9
288.0
4.4
0.1
4.9
22.2
68.3
3.9
96.0
58
4.6
80
76
44
79
41
61
48
31
88.4
35.8
4.3
3.9
4.7
4.4
4.7
4.6
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
99
60
114
106
93
91
137
115
109
60
49
67
99
121
100
42
69
4.1
5.2
3.1
3.2
3.3
42.9
16
29.0
3.2
4.5
3.6
4.5
4.2
3.2
32.0
5.0
3.4
86
27
97
76
112
48
37
38
54
76
105
48
38
42
30
46
65
43
40
97
83
77
54
62
92
92
72
80
31
4.0
5.1
4.6
3.7
27.4
4.2
4.5
4.7
3.7
3.2
0.65
4.2
4.7
4.3
4.4
4.3
2.9
5.5
5.0
3
3.6
4.5
4.7
4.5
40.7
3.4
37.4
41.6
4.9
29
35
29
89
4.7
5.3
741.0
29.7
52
60
74
66
83
49
52
67
32
23
4.1
4.6
4.2
3.7
3.2
4.1
3.9
3.8
4.9
4.7
62
41
72
44
61
74
78
86
Trend
3.4
4.4
3.8
3.7
3.5
3.1
3.8
0.3
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Poland 36
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
38.0
Population (millions)
474.9
12495.3
0.89
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
36
4.6
Rank
41 / 144
42 / 148
43 / 144
41 / 140
36 / 138
45
4.9
Score
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.6
65
4.0
53
4.3
45
5.1
38
6.2
34
4.6
37
5.0
47
4.6
79
4.1
46
4.2
46
4.8
21
5.1
55
3.7
54
4.1
60
3.4
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Poland
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
20.6
14.1
12.5
12.3
8.7
6.2
6.1
5.0
4.6
2.5
2.3
2.2
1.5
0.5
0.5
0.3
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Poland
Rank / 138
Value
65
74
72
54
104
39
81
75
84
119
73
102
109
54
51
51
84
60
47
47
67
49
4.0
4.2
4.1
3.9
2.4
4.8
3.8
3.0
2.9
2.7
3.5
3.0
3.6
5.5
5.0
5.2
4.1
4.0
5.0
5.1
4.1
6.0
53
4.3
65
72
49
66
72
50
48
21
79
4.2
4.0
3.3
4.1
4.3
442.3
5.5
148.7
11.1
45
5.1
65
71
89
75
28
-2.9
19.9
-0.9
51.3
38
6.2
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
46
47
1
40
34
42
48
46
37
22
25
78
58
70
49
38
63
21.0
6.1
0.1
6.1
4.5
77.3
4.5
96.9
5.0
108.7
71.2
3.6
4.4
4.2
4.6
5.0
4.0
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
47
47
15
47
95
81
22
118
91
54
5
39
67
40
57
34
77
4.6
5.3
4.7
3.9
3.3
40.3
4
30.0
3.5
4.6
1.0
5.1
4.6
4.6
47.4
5.1
3.3
79
93
29
89
80
127
61
64
99
116
62
46
48
57
68
44
82
49
84
28
46
68
55
49
53
46
43
55
21
4.1
4.2
5.5
3.5
18.8
2.9
4.1
4.3
3.0
2.5
0.82
4.2
4.6
4.0
3.6
4.3
2.7
5.4
4.0
7
4.8
4.8
4.7
4.6
68.0
19.5
86.6
60.2
5.1
26
23
24
34
4.9
5.8
1005.4
50.9
54
23
35
71
96
68
65
47
45
61
4.1
4.9
4.9
3.7
3.0
3.8
3.7
4.3
4.6
3.8
60
68
54
62
85
96
50
40
Trend
3.4
4.1
4.1
3.4
3.3
2.9
4.3
9.7
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Portugal 46
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
10.4
Population (millions)
199.1
19121.6
0.26
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
49 / 144
51 / 148
36 / 144
38 / 140
46 / 138
43
5.0
Score
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.5
46
4.3
22
5.5
120
3.7
22
6.4
39
4.5
36
5.0
38
4.7
64
4.3
116
3.3
26
5.6
52
4.3
38
4.1
46
4.2
34
3.9
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Portugal
2013-14
4.5
2012-13
46
Edition
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
18.2
15.3
14.3
13.3
11.1
9.7
5.5
4.1
4.0
1.6
1.1
1.1
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.0
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Portugal
Rank / 138
Value
46
52
38
50
69
36
40
54
87
109
126
90
82
15
10
12
31
50
108
85
95
63
4.3
4.5
4.8
3.9
3.0
5.1
4.7
3.4
2.8
2.8
2.7
3.1
3.9
6.1
5.9
6.2
5.7
4.2
3.9
4.7
3.7
5.7
22
5.5
16
9
28
29
28
31
32
83
15
5.6
5.9
4.2
5.1
5.4
938.1
6.1
110.4
44.1
120
3.7
96
96
1
134
55
-4.4
15.6
0.5
128.8
22
6.4
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
56
28
98
33
17
26
30
20
36
12
34
42
45
40
34
59
58
25.0
6.5
0.7
6.2
3.0
80.7
4.9
98.6
5.0
116.4
65.6
4.3
4.6
4.7
5.1
4.5
4.0
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
38
56
38
55
113
84
11
6
50
5
5
56
15
30
70
33
55
4.7
5.2
4.1
3.8
3.0
41.0
3
2.5
4.0
5.4
1.0
4.7
5.5
4.9
40.6
5.1
3.6
64
4.6
4.9
3.1
17.0
2.9
4.0
4.1
3.5
3.2
0.91
116
3.3
26
22
29
19
52
21
13
68
52
4.5
3.9
3.1
3.7
3.0
3.3
3.4
2
5.6
6.0
5.3
5.1
68.6
29.6
232.1
52.0
4.3
52
48
51
53
4.0
5.0
289.8
41.7
46
68
37
38
46
31
56
36
65
77
4.2
4.5
4.8
4.2
4.0
4.4
3.8
4.5
4.5
3.6
34
4.3
51
80
119
73
128
65
76
68
81
26
53
62
100
80
59
129
120
108
37
25
41
36
54
35
35
Trend
3.9
4.6
5.1
3.7
4.0
3.4
4.6
14.4
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Qatar 18
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
2.4
Population (millions)
185.4
76576.1
0.28
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
11 / 144
13 / 148
16 / 144
14 / 140
18 / 138
6.1
Score
5.4
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.2
10
5.7
18
5.6
6.7
27
6.3
21
5.0
30
5.1
5.4
17
5.0
21
4.8
33
5.3
50
4.3
18
5.0
18
5.2
18
4.9
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Qatar
2013-14
5.2
2012-13
18
Edition
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
17.4
13.2
10.8
9.9
9.6
9.4
9.2
5.6
5.5
3.3
2.2
1.6
1.0
0.6
0.5
0.4
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Rank / 138
Value
10
19
20
11
6
14
22
6
1
5
13
8
15
17
3
8
9
12
26
23
5
101
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.9
5.8
6.2
5.6
5.3
6.0
5.1
5.5
5.4
5.5
6.1
6.4
6.4
6.3
5.7
5.6
5.7
5.7
4.5
18
5.6
27
26
5.1
5.1
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
15
7
25
21
18
60
5.5
6.2
1682.4
6.4
153.6
18.2
6.7
1
1
1
38
25
10.3
54.5
1.7
35.8
27
6.3
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
58
27
1
19
46
36
6
93
30
19
106
5
5
5
11
18
8
29.0
6.5
<0.1
6.5
6.8
78.6
5.8
92.1
5.1
109.4
15.8
5.6
5.8
5.9
5.9
5.5
5.4
Trend
Rank / 138
7
17
11
15
4
2
94
53
2
9
55
71
69
17
90
14
4
17
13
8
8
103
1
4
28
5
6
118
21
18
9
9
2
1
20
11
127
33
21
11
7
8
69
50
29
50
Value
5.0
5.5
6.0
5.1
23.2
6.3
5.4
5.3
5.5
5.8
0.57
4.8
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.6
4.9
5.9
5.8
1
5.3
6.0
5.7
5.4
92.9
10.1
71.6
80.0
4.3
4.0
5.1
319.8
49.3
18
18
33
10
24
14
4
20
13
7
5.2
5.0
5.0
5.2
4.9
5.2
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.3
19
14
11
10
2
4
28
Trend
5.4
5.7
5.1
5.0
5.9
11.3
8
8.5
5.3
5.2
4.0
4.5
4.6
5.2
35.3
5.6
5.0
53
40
50
37
18
Qatar
4.9
5.2
5.6
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.5
22.5
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Romania 62
Key Indicators, 2015
nd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
19.9
Population (millions)
177.3
8906.3
0.36
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
62
4.3
Rank
78 / 144
76 / 148
59 / 144
53 / 140
62 / 138
72
4.6
Score
4.1
4.1
4.3
4.3
4.3
92
3.6
88
3.6
28
5.5
88
5.5
55
4.3
67
4.4
80
4.2
88
4.0
86
3.7
48
4.7
42
4.5
100
3.3
104
3.6
93
3.1
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Romania
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
16.6
15.9
14.7
10.4
10.1
7.4
7.3
4.7
3.5
2.6
2.4
1.5
1.1
0.8
0.6
0.3
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Romania
Rank / 138
Value
92
99
70
106
120
90
70
119
109
122
94
121
110
40
39
61
80
113
78
119
118
57
3.6
3.9
4.1
2.8
1.9
3.6
3.9
2.2
2.5
2.7
3.2
2.6
3.6
5.7
5.3
5.1
4.2
3.3
4.4
4.2
3.5
5.8
88
3.6
99
128
79
98
101
61
75
88
53
3.4
2.6
2.4
3.4
3.7
266.0
4.7
107.1
19.8
28
5.5
32
44
77
51
54
-1.5
24.4
-0.6
39.4
88
5.5
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
87
89
1
89
59
63
79
114
67
63
50
121
32
121
44
99
103
81.0
5.1
0.1
4.9
9.7
75.1
3.9
87.0
4.4
94.8
53.2
2.8
4.7
3.4
4.8
3.9
3.5
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
80
93
63
101
127
88
41
48
59
32
5
85
34
69
61
69
122
4.2
4.8
3.8
3.3
2.7
42.0
5
8.0
3.9
4.7
1.0
4.3
5.1
4.1
45.5
4.6
2.7
88
106
31
82
6
119
89
90
133
127
81
86
125
121
123
110
125
90
114
8
48
71
88
69
70
44
22
50
42
4.0
4.0
5.4
3.6
4.0
3.1
3.7
3.9
2.1
2.2
0.77
3.7
3.4
2.9
2.6
3.1
2.1
4.4
3.5
10
4.7
4.8
4.3
4.4
55.8
19.8
146.0
63.5
4.5
42
39
44
44
4.3
5.2
413.8
44.6
104
112
72
104
118
96
115
97
100
79
3.6
4.0
4.3
3.2
2.7
3.5
3.0
3.4
4.1
3.6
93
80
71
111
80
134
60
52
Trend
3.1
4.0
3.8
2.8
3.3
2.3
4.1
3.4
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Russian Federation 43
Key Indicators, 2015
rd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
146.3
Population (millions)
1324.7
9054.9
3.27
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
43
4.5
Rank
67 / 144
64 / 148
53 / 144
45 / 140
43 / 138
59
4.7
Score
4.2
4.2
4.4
4.4
4.5
88
3.6
35
4.9
91
4.3
62
5.9
38
4.6
32
5.1
87
4.2
49
4.4
108
3.4
62
4.3
5.9
66
3.6
72
3.8
56
3.4
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
Russian Federation
itsits
GDP
shrinking
by
The Russian Federation
Federation fell
fellinto
intorecession
recessioninin2015,
2015,with
with
GDP
shrinking
percent,
but but
nonetheless
remained
ratherrather
stablestable
in terms
of its of its
3.73.7
by
percent,
nonetheless
remained
in terms
competitiveness (up
This
is is
partly
thethe
result
of of
competitiveness
(uptwo
twoplaces
placesatat43rd).
43rd).
This
partly
result
strengthened
the
quality
and
quantity
of education
strengthenedfundamentals,
fundamentals,including
including
the
quality
and
quantity
of education
(up six
from
a low
base),
(up
six places)
places) and
and innovation
innovationcapacity
capacity(up
(up12,
12,although
although
from
a low
base),
along
environment,
andand
less
negative
along with
with an
animproved
improveddomestic
domesticbusiness
business
environment,
less
negative
domestic business
Low
commodities
prices
are
domestic
businesssentiment
sentimentthan
thanexpected.
expected.
Low
commodities
prices
affecting
the Russian
Federation
somewhat
less than
are affecting
the Russian
Federation
somewhat
lessother
than Eurasian
other Eurasian
economies:
relatively
lowlow
and
gross
economies: the
thelevel
levelofofgovernment
governmentdebt
debtremains
remains
relatively
and
gross
national
savings
are
almost
unchanged.
According
to
the
IMF,
economic
national savings are almost unchanged. According to the IMF, economic
measures such as exchange rate exibility, banking sector capital and
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Eurasia
measuressuch
suchas
asexchange
exchange rate
rate flexibility,
exibility, banking
measures
bankingsector
sectorcapital
capitaland
and
liquidityinjections,
injections, limited
forbearance
liquidity
limited scal
fiscalstimulus,
stimulus,and
andregulatory
regulatory
forbearance
cushioned the
the shocks,
shocks, and
stabilized
thethe
cushioned
and helped
helpedrestore
restorecondence
confidenceand
and
stabilized
nancialsystem.
system.37
Nonetheless,
commodityprice
priceshock
shockisis still
still having
having a
financial
Nonetheless,
thethe
commodity
the
Russian
economy:
with
sharply
reduced
public
aprofound
profoundimpact
impactonon
the
Russian
economy:
with
sharply
reduced
public
revenueand
andhigher
higherinflation,
ination, the
the Russian
Russian macroeconomic
revenue
macroeconomicenvironment
environmentisis
muchless
lesssound,
sound, dropping
dropping to
much
to 51st
91st place.
place.The
Thenancial
financialsector
sectorisissuffering
suffering
fromaalower
lowerinflow
inow of
of capital
capital related
from
relatedto
tomineral
mineralrevenues
revenuesand
andthe
thequasiquasiclosureofofinternational
international financial
nancial markets
closure
markets to
toRussian
Russianentities,
entities,asasseen
seenininthe
the
reducedavailability
availability of
of loans
loans and
reduced
and venture
venture capital.
capital.
13.8
13.3
10.9
10.7
7.7
6.7
6.0
5.2
4.6
4.3
3.6
3.6
3.1
2.9
2.7
1.0
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Russian Federation
Rank / 138
Value
88
123
117
92
56
83
95
77
86
103
82
91
75
101
75
85
109
65
103
73
116
63
3.6
3.5
3.3
3.1
3.3
3.6
3.4
3.0
2.8
3.0
3.4
3.1
4.0
4.6
4.5
4.4
3.5
3.9
4.0
4.8
3.5
5.7
35
4.9
74
123
25
72
65
13
62
13
39
4.0
2.8
4.4
4.0
4.4
3352.5
5.0
160.0
25.7
91
4.3
78
51
132
10
61
-3.5
23.4
15.5
17.7
62
5.9
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
88
75
106
60
52
97
49
66
32
43
18
69
52
74
33
54
78
84.0
5.5
1.1
5.8
8.2
70.4
4.4
95.2
5.1
100.6
78.7
3.7
4.5
4.1
5.1
4.5
3.8
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
87
81
59
82
106
98
40
65
110
111
73
126
124
83
128
85
43
4.2
5.0
3.8
3.5
3.1
47.0
4
10.5
3.2
3.9
5.8
3.3
3.5
3.8
21.2
4.5
3.7
49
4.1
5.6
4.1
17.4
3.4
4.4
3.9
3.3
3.2
0.86
108
3.4
62
3.6
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.6
3.7
3.5
6
4.3
83
86
111
39
47
83
40
4.4
4.3
3.7
73.4
18.8
26.8
71.3
5.9
6
5
6
90
5.8
6.2
3717.6
29.5
72
83
67
95
73
80
59
74
67
78
3.8
4.3
4.3
3.4
3.4
3.7
3.7
3.7
4.4
3.6
56
4.4
103
23
45
77
105
41
88
81
82
50
111
102
95
115
87
121
113
46
78
46
66
46
68
58
43
Trend
3.4
4.0
4.2
3.3
3.7
3.3
4.1
8.1
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Rwanda 52
Key Indicators, 2015
nd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
11.3
Population (millions)
8.3
731.5
0.02
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
52
4.4
Rank
63 / 144
66 / 148
62 / 144
58 / 140
52 / 138
53
4.7
Score
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.4
13
5.6
97
3.3
80
4.5
84
5.5
81
3.9
114
3.2
35
4.7
5.4
32
4.6
100
3.2
127
2.4
54
3.8
64
4.0
47
3.6
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Rwanda
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
21.2
17.8
14.8
9.8
9.3
7.8
5.4
3.9
3.5
2.0
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.7
0.2
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Rwanda
Value
13
22
28
16
7
20
25
9
4
2
11
14
9
9
5
6
6
21
40
27
23
79
5.6
5.7
5.3
5.6
5.7
5.9
5.5
5.2
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.1
5.9
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.4
5.3
5.2
5.5
5.0
5.3
97
3.3
41
31
4.6
5.0
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
104
56
120
90
128
135
80
3.2
4.6
24.4
4.2
70.5
0.1
4.5
61
120
1
33
110
-2.8
11.2
2.5
34.6
84
5.5
50 11462.3
37
4.8
81
63.0
84
5.3
122
2.8
97
4.7
105
31.1
116
64.0
52
4.3
59
96.1
114
128
122
46
54
59
64
92
55
3.2
39.1
7.5
4.2
4.4
4.3
4.4
4.1
4.1
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
35
77
34
26
29
51
76
28
5
68
100
61
8
11
84
37
88
4.7
5.0
4.2
4.5
4.2
33.0
7
5.5
5.2
4.4
9.7
4.6
5.7
5.4
36.3
5.1
3.1
18
28
13
47
9
45
31
20
14
2
32
4.6
4.3
3.7
3.6
4.0
3.3
4.6
5.1
11
100
3.2
127
5.1
4.7
4.8
18.0
0.2
5.7
25.9
2.4
125
130
123
129
2.3
2.8
20.4
12.2
64
82
76
41
51
73
88
101
69
64
4.0
4.3
4.2
4.1
3.9
3.7
3.4
3.4
4.4
3.8
47
5.4
5.3
5.5
4.8
13.0
5.2
4.4
4.9
4.7
4.9
1.05
66
73
70
64
37
78
36
4
49
52
37
119
124
119
104
54
80
65
78
8
70
116
Trend
3.6
4.3
3.7
3.3
3.3
4.4
4.0
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Saudi Arabia 29
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
31.4
Population (millions)
653.2
20812.6
1.48
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
29
4.8
Rank
18 / 144
20 / 148
24 / 144
25 / 140
29 / 138
32
5.2
Score
5.2
5.1
5.1
5.1
4.8
24
5.1
31
5.1
68
4.7
51
6.0
33
4.7
46
4.8
41
4.6
65
4.3
47
4.2
41
5.0
14
5.4
36
4.1
31
4.5
42
3.7
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Saudi Arabia
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
24.9
15.5
11.9
10.1
7.6
6.2
6.1
4.6
3.6
2.9
2.5
2.0
1.0
0.7
0.2
0.2
14
21
28
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Saudi Arabia
Value
24
32
34
18
12
30
27
18
12
28
24
33
38
52
15
16
27
24
36
51
29
86
5.1
5.3
4.9
5.4
5.2
5.4
5.3
4.5
4.7
4.0
4.8
4.3
4.6
5.5
5.7
6.1
5.8
5.1
5.3
5.1
4.9
5.2
31
5.1
30
37
56
42
45
24
30
7
75
4.9
4.9
3.0
4.6
4.9
1778.9
6.2
176.6
12.5
68
4.7
136
63
1
3
33
-16.3
21.2
2.2
5.8
51
6.0
12
16
31
70
1
71
69
74
64
52
0.2
5.7
12.0
5.7
<0.2
5.6
12.5
74.3
4.1
96.4
46
4.8
24
44
48
65
55
65
76
57
108.3
61.1
4.2
4.2
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.1
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
41
37
29
32
19
7
126
98
30
49
58
115
118
38
91
65
30
4.6
5.4
4.2
4.3
4.7
15.0
12
19.0
4.4
4.6
4.1
3.7
3.6
4.6
35.0
4.7
4.0
65
33
21
23
86
19
39
36
19
17
135
47
44
34
33
63
32
27
39
108
41
42
44
36
49
63
42
11
14
4.3
4.9
5.7
4.5
19.5
4.7
4.5
4.7
4.7
4.7
0.26
4.2
4.6
4.4
4.4
4.1
3.5
5.8
5.1
2
5.0
5.4
4.9
4.8
69.6
12.0
88.7
111.7
5.4
14
19
14
74
5.3
5.8
1683.0
33.0
31
28
55
23
41
30
26
32
52
29
4.5
4.9
4.4
4.6
4.1
4.4
4.5
4.7
4.6
4.4
42
72
58
48
56
13
33
48
Trend
3.7
4.1
4.0
3.5
3.5
4.3
4.7
6.2
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Senegal 112
Key Indicators, 2015
nd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
15.0
913.0
13.7
0.03
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
117 / 144
113 / 148
112 / 144
110 / 140
112 / 138
112
3.9
Score
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
69
4.0
109
3.0
92
4.3
126
4.2
111
3.5
111
3.3
84
4.2
94
4.0
88
3.7
103
3.2
103
2.9
62
3.7
70
3.9
50
3.5
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Senegal
2013-14
3.7
2012-13
112
Edition
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
26.3
15.2
7.8
7.7
7.5
7.2
4.9
4.5
4.3
3.6
3.5
3.3
2.3
1.0
0.8
0.4
14
21
28
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Senegal
Value
69
78
57
73
58
85
86
59
47
51
35
38
73
90
69
76
43
75
107
87
59
120
4.0
4.2
4.3
3.5
3.2
3.6
3.6
3.3
3.6
3.7
4.5
4.1
4.1
4.8
4.7
4.9
5.1
3.8
3.9
4.7
4.2
3.8
109
3.0
121
71
85
54
85
88
111
98
113
2.8
4.0
2.2
4.4
4.1
84.9
3.2
99.9
2.0
92
4.3
99
82
54
83
91
-4.8
17.7
0.1
56.8
126
4.2
51 12267.8
51
3.9
100
138.0
99
4.6
85
0.5
102
4.6
118
41.7
107
66.4
84
3.7
134
71.1
111
126
123
82
85
35
48
31
91
3.3
40.1
7.4
3.6
3.8
4.9
4.7
5.0
3.7
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
84
54
45
81
91
99
22
34
76
120
106
63
89
50
60
77
119
4.2
5.2
3.9
3.5
3.4
47.3
4
6.0
3.7
3.7
9.9
4.6
4.3
4.4
46.1
4.5
2.7
94
77
96
80
60
44
91
75
85
65
106
88
3.7
3.7
3.2
3.6
3.3
2.6
4.5
3.9
6
103
3.2
103
4.8
4.9
3.9
21.7
0.7
6.9
26.4
2.9
100
114
102
103
2.7
3.5
36.7
24.0
70
52
69
74
82
58
89
96
63
87
3.9
4.6
4.3
3.7
3.3
3.9
3.4
3.4
4.5
3.6
50
4.0
4.3
4.6
3.6
14.7
4.2
3.7
4.1
3.3
3.5
0.65
107
111
69
100
83
82
90
46
69
45
103
108
112
111
103
50
42
55
49
56
85
121
Trend
3.5
4.4
4.3
3.5
3.6
3.4
3.8
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Serbia 90
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
7.1
Population (millions)
36.5
5119.8
0.09
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
95 / 144
101 / 148
94 / 144
94 / 140
90 / 138
87
4.3
Score
3.9
3.8
3.9
3.9
4.0
115
3.3
74
3.9
103
4.1
53
6.0
90
3.9
69
4.4
121
3.8
106
3.8
110
3.4
70
4.1
74
3.6
120
3.1
125
3.2
108
3.0
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Serbia
2013-14
4.0
2012-13
90
Edition
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
11.7
10.6
9.0
9.0
8.7
8.1
7.9
6.9
6.3
5.5
4.5
3.7
3.7
3.4
0.6
0.4
12
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Serbia
Rank / 138
Value
115
126
127
93
106
82
122
105
124
128
124
115
90
75
80
107
97
109
101
99
134
73
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.0
2.3
3.7
2.8
2.5
2.2
2.4
2.7
2.7
3.8
5.1
4.4
4.1
3.7
3.3
4.1
4.5
3.0
5.5
74
3.9
107
115
86
118
93
87
71
61
27
3.2
2.9
2.1
2.7
3.9
87.4
4.8
120.5
36.5
103
4.1
80
111
1
111
79
-3.7
12.9
1.4
77.4
53
6.0
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
53
31
1
15
43
57
77
55
69
64
46
103
46
105
102
102
127
24.0
6.4
<0.1
6.5
5.9
75.5
3.9
96.2
4.4
94.3
58.1
3.2
4.6
3.7
3.6
3.9
3.2
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
121
128
129
118
107
77
54
73
132
101
70
98
102
101
37
119
133
3.8
4.2
2.9
3.0
3.1
39.7
6
12.0
2.8
4.0
5.1
4.1
4.1
3.5
59.4
3.9
2.3
106
3.8
126
46
84
17
123
107
129
137
137
80
3.7
5.3
3.6
7.7
3.0
3.5
3.3
1.7
1.7
0.77
110
3.4
108
124
112
73
104
99
118
68
70
103
122
109
56
52
90
39
74
3.7
2.9
2.8
3.8
2.4
4.3
3.4
5
4.1
4.1
3.8
3.7
65.3
16.8
20.5
71.8
3.6
74
72
74
38
3.4
4.4
97.5
48.2
125
118
100
112
134
122
107
119
127
132
3.2
3.9
3.9
3.1
2.2
3.2
3.1
3.0
3.7
2.9
108
130
60
121
96
108
90
50
Trend
3.0
3.2
4.0
2.7
3.2
2.8
3.7
3.8
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
nd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
6.3
659.4
4.2
0.01
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
132
3.2
Rank
143 / 144
144 / 148
138 / 144
137 / 140
132 / 138
129
3.3
Score
2.8
3.0
3.1
3.1
3.2
121
3.2
127
2.3
123
3.6
127
4.1
134
3.0
133
2.6
123
3.8
110
3.8
123
3.1
132
2.4
131
2.1
130
2.9
133
3.1
130
2.6
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Sierra Leone
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
18.1
13.1
11.2
7.9
7.8
6.7
5.9
5.2
5.2
5.1
4.3
3.1
2.3
2.0
1.9
0.2
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Sierra Leone
Value
121
121
122
116
87
134
124
111
76
80
88
124
104
100
105
101
107
119
117
110
124
79
3.2
3.5
3.3
2.5
2.6
2.4
2.7
2.4
3.0
3.4
3.3
2.5
3.7
4.7
3.8
4.2
3.5
3.2
3.8
4.4
3.4
5.3
127
2.3
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
129
122
111
128
134
127
109
130
123
2.4
2.8
3.0
2.7
7.7
2.2
89.5
0.3
3.6
95
133
124
67
133
-4.4
3.9
9.0
46.1
127
4.1
68 39584.4
69
2.9
126
310.0
116
4.2
115
1.4
112
4.3
138
87.1
137
50.9
119
2.9
31
97.9
133
123
137
110
123
129
134
131
105
2.6
43.4
2.2
3.0
2.7
3.2
2.4
3.3
3.5
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
123
131
126
131
90
42
54
56
115
116
128
66
78
122
39
121
128
3.8
4.1
2.9
2.6
3.4
31.0
6
10.0
3.2
3.7
13.8
4.5
4.5
3.2
56.4
3.9
2.4
110
3.8
104
105
77
135
90
121
105
96
89
9
4.1
4.4
3.7
75.5
3.7
3.3
3.7
3.0
3.1
0.97
123
3.1
127
129
114
128
127
120
119
68
132
135
123
125
138
n/a
133
117
131
3.3
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.1
3.7
3.4
5
2.4
3.0
3.7
3.4
2.5
n/a
2.0
15.2
2.1
130
134
131
115
1.9
2.7
10.0
19.6
133
106
131
120
121
131
135
134
132
110
3.1
4.1
3.4
3.0
2.7
2.9
2.7
2.5
3.5
3.3
130
127
135
128
126
78
129
106
Trend
2.6
3.3
2.3
2.5
2.6
3.1
3.0
0.1
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Singapore 2
Key Indicators, 2015
nd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
5.5
Population (millions)
292.7
52887.8
0.42
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
5.7
Rank
2 / 144
2 / 148
2 / 144
2 / 140
2 / 138
6.4
Score
5.7
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.7
6.1
6.5
11
6.1
6.7
5.7
6.3
5.8
5.8
5.7
6.1
37
4.7
12
5.3
19
5.2
5.3
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Singapore
Singapore ranks 2nd for the sixth year in a row thanks to a remarkably strong
performance. It features in the top 10 of ten pillars. It tops the higher
education and training pillar and the goods market efciency pillar, and ranks
2nd in a further ve. Singapores public institutions (2nd behind Finland) are
transparent and highly efcient (1st on public-sector performance). Its
infrastructures are among the worlds best (2nd behind Hong Kong).
Singapore boasts a stable macroeconomic environment (11th) with healthy
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
28.4
20.6
14.9
11.0
6.0
4.7
3.1
2.7
2.5
2.3
2.1
1.2
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.0
16
24
32
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Singapore
Rank / 138
Value
2
5
4
3
1
3
23
1
3
1
1
11
1
46
7
7
4
3
5
11
6
1
6.1
6.3
6.3
6.2
6.4
6.7
5.6
5.8
5.9
5.6
6.2
5.3
6.3
5.6
6.2
6.4
6.5
6.2
6.3
6.1
5.7
8.3
6.5
2
2
5
2
1
20
2
24
29
6.4
6.3
5.7
6.7
6.9
2479.8
6.8
146.1
36.0
11
6.1
6
3
75
125
6
1.1
46.0
-0.5
98.2
6.7
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
71
48
1
39
7
6
4
1
1
26
7
2
1
4
1
5
3
49.0
6.1
0.1
6.1
2.1
82.6
6.1
100.0
6.3
108.1
86.6
5.9
6.4
6.0
6.3
6.0
5.5
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
1
20
13
4
5
10
11
6
3
1
2
4
3
2
3
6
9
5.8
5.6
5.1
5.5
5.9
18.4
3
2.5
5.3
5.8
0.0
6.1
6.1
6.2
150.3
5.8
4.7
3
7
3
4
3
2
4
6
4
72
2
4
2
7
3
3
8
1
20
14
14
2
26
33
4
2
37
5.8
6.2
6.0
5.6
3.0
6.1
5.5
6.2
5.5
6.0
0.80
5.7
5.8
5.7
5.5
5.5
4.8
6.4
6.3
8
6.1
6.1
5.7
5.9
82.1
26.5
737.0
142.2
4.7
46
11
40
3
4.3
6.0
471.9
167.3
19
58
26
12
16
10
22
17
17
21
5.2
4.6
5.1
5.2
5.6
5.3
4.6
5.7
5.2
4.7
20
10
15
7
4
9
13
Trend
5.3
5.2
5.8
5.0
5.5
4.9
5.2
139.5
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Slovak Republic 65
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
5.4
Population (millions)
86.6
15991.7
0.14
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
65
4.3
Rank
71 / 144
78 / 148
75 / 144
67 / 140
65 / 138
54
4.7
Score
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.3
102
3.5
61
4.2
37
5.3
55
6.0
47
4.4
61
4.5
53
4.5
93
4.0
33
4.6
44
4.8
61
4.0
57
3.7
55
4.1
68
3.3
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Slovak Republic
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
19.2
17.2
14.8
10.8
8.9
7.4
5.6
5.3
4.7
2.2
1.6
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.3
0.3
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Slovak Republic
Rank / 138
Value
102
79
54
122
110
89
120
136
118
131
137
133
84
31
62
74
101
114
27
45
99
79
3.5
4.2
4.3
2.4
2.2
3.6
2.8
1.9
2.3
2.3
2.1
2.3
3.9
5.8
4.8
4.9
3.6
3.3
5.5
5.1
3.7
5.3
61
4.2
53
64
21
110
112
109
34
59
66
4.4
4.1
4.6
3.0
3.4
36.6
6.0
122.3
15.9
37
5.3
55
57
70
76
30
-2.7
21.8
-0.3
52.6
55
6.0
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
19
23
1
13
42
47
68
80
61
72
54
117
77
104
32
87
66
6.7
6.5
0.1
6.6
5.8
76.7
4.1
94.0
4.5
91.9
52.9
2.9
3.9
3.8
5.2
4.1
3.9
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
53
25
80
86
94
112
54
71
103
64
5
7
17
54
9
61
108
4.5
5.5
3.5
3.5
3.3
51.2
6
11.5
3.3
4.4
1.0
5.9
5.5
4.4
94.0
4.7
2.9
93
87
74
123
83
136
43
52
123
132
65
33
36
35
74
21
49
15
52
28
44
41
42
15
21
38
95
44
61
4.0
4.2
5.0
2.9
18.8
2.5
4.4
4.5
2.6
2.0
0.81
4.6
4.7
4.4
3.5
4.7
3.1
5.9
4.6
7
4.8
5.5
4.9
5.3
85.0
23.3
17.2
67.5
4.0
67
41
66
10
3.6
5.1
161.0
96.5
55
87
36
51
75
53
74
30
74
92
4.1
4.3
4.9
3.9
3.3
4.0
3.5
4.9
4.3
3.5
68
61
62
64
82
76
98
37
Trend
3.3
4.2
3.9
3.3
3.3
3.1
3.6
10.5
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Slovenia 56
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
2.1
Population (millions)
42.8
20732.5
0.06
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
56
4.4
Rank
56 / 144
62 / 148
70 / 144
59 / 140
56 / 138
38
5.1
Score
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.4
58
4.1
39
4.8
58
4.9
16
6.5
54
4.3
22
5.4
42
4.6
85
4.1
118
3.2
35
5.2
84
3.3
37
4.1
48
4.2
33
3.9
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Slovenia
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
18.9
18.9
12.3
11.2
9.6
7.0
5.4
4.5
3.8
3.0
2.5
2.1
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.0
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Slovenia
Rank / 138
Value
58
63
39
71
90
34
82
84
125
116
91
89
70
24
14
33
36
66
75
86
98
7
4.1
4.4
4.7
3.5
2.6
5.2
3.7
2.9
2.2
2.7
3.2
3.1
4.1
5.9
5.8
5.7
5.5
3.9
4.4
4.7
3.7
7.5
39
4.8
40
52
58
31
70
126
23
76
28
4.6
4.4
3.0
5.1
4.3
16.2
6.3
113.2
36.2
58
4.9
72
31
74
114
44
-3.3
27.5
-0.5
83.3
16
6.5
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
24
12
1
10
7
29
21
33
22
16
10
50
9
52
21
44
47
7.7
6.7
0.1
6.6
2.1
80.5
5.1
97.7
5.4
110.7
82.9
4.1
5.4
4.5
5.5
4.7
4.2
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
42
55
27
50
123
42
3
34
89
42
5
119
107
26
18
40
73
4.6
5.2
4.3
3.9
2.8
31.0
2
6.0
3.5
4.6
1.0
3.5
3.9
5.0
79.5
5.1
3.4
85
4.3
4.3
2.4
10.7
2.2
3.9
4.3
3.1
2.5
0.91
118
3.2
35
33
46
99
40
29
20
69
84
3.7
3.5
2.9
3.2
2.8
3.5
3.6
3
5.2
5.6
4.9
4.0
73.1
27.6
154.6
52.0
3.3
93
66
89
12
2.9
4.6
64.0
90.1
48
63
32
87
31
65
46
33
83
52
4.2
4.5
5.0
3.5
4.4
3.8
4.0
4.7
4.2
3.9
33
4.1
74
115
132
38
137
70
71
94
114
27
106
89
108
108
75
124
109
97
31
28
33
42
128
61
23
Trend
3.9
4.8
4.9
4.1
3.8
2.5
4.1
67.8
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
South Africa 47
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
55.0
Population (millions)
313.0
5694.6
0.64
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
47
4.5
Rank
52 / 144
53 / 148
56 / 144
49 / 140
47 / 138
84
4.4
Score
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.5
40
4.5
64
4.2
79
4.5
123
4.3
35
4.6
77
4.2
28
4.8
97
3.9
11
5.2
49
4.7
30
4.9
31
4.2
30
4.5
35
3.8
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
South Africa
South Africa slightly improves both its score and ranking (47th, up two). It
has been relatively less affected by commodity price falls than other
economies in the region, and has registered marginal improvements in
almost all aspects of competitiveness. Most signicant areas of progress
include enhanced competition, both locally (up 13 places) and internationally
(up 16 places); better use of talent in terms of how pay reects productivity
(98th, up 29 places); and a small but important upgrade in the quality of
education (up ve places), with primary school enrollment also now passing
97 percent. However, a number of shortcomings may limit South African
competitiveness going forward. Infrastructure development has stalled, both
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
17.7
17.5
12.9
12.8
12.3
6.9
4.8
4.2
2.6
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.5
0.8
0.6
0.2
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
South Africa
Rank / 138
Value
40
29
21
96
109
53
16
115
88
106
9
10
44
64
133
99
115
36
1
3
1
14
4.5
5.4
5.7
3.0
2.2
4.4
5.8
2.3
2.8
3.0
5.6
5.3
4.5
5.3
2.4
4.2
3.3
4.5
6.7
6.3
6.2
7.2
64
4.2
59
29
40
37
10
28
112
15
93
4.2
5.0
3.8
4.9
6.0
1218.6
3.0
159.3
7.7
79
4.5
90
97
95
73
63
-4.0
15.1
4.6
50.1
123
4.3
25
30
137
130
135
130
107
130
126
44
35.2
5.1
834.0
3.7
18.9
3.4
33.6
57.2
2.7
97.1
77
4.2
67
99
134
138
21
111
33
19
93.8
19.7
2.3
2.2
5.4
3.5
5.0
5.0
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
28
30
30
7
41
31
54
125
70
35
78
31
61
65
78
36
22
4.8
5.5
4.2
5.4
4.0
28.8
6
46.0
3.7
4.7
6.2
5.2
4.7
4.2
38.3
5.1
4.2
97
2.5
2.8
2.3
9.3
4.0
3.6
5.5
3.5
3.6
0.81
11
5.2
49
44
22
52
75
86
21
57
30
6.0
4.6
5.9
5.2
3.0
6.6
6.2
5
4.7
5.4
5.4
4.6
51.9
5.3
147.6
59.5
4.9
27
34
30
81
4.8
5.3
723.5
30.8
30
39
34
30
71
52
31
34
16
26
4.5
4.7
4.9
4.4
3.4
4.1
4.3
4.6
5.2
4.5
35
3.9
138
135
135
28
59
98
21
69
53
69
2
27
1
12
53
2
3
68
25
29
30
27
99
112
47
Trend
3.8
5.0
4.9
4.2
4.4
2.9
3.4
6.5
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Spain 32
Key Indicators, 2015
nd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
46.4
Population (millions)
1199.7
25864.7
1.42
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
32
4.7
Rank
36 / 144
35 / 148
35 / 144
33 / 140
32 / 138
33
5.2
Score
4.6
4.6
4.5
4.6
4.7
55
4.1
12
5.9
86
4.3
30
6.3
29
4.8
31
5.1
54
4.5
69
4.2
71
4.0
25
5.6
16
5.4
34
4.1
29
4.5
38
3.8
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Spain
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
14.5
14.0
13.2
12.1
11.0
9.1
7.4
6.1
4.4
3.7
2.5
1.4
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.0
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Rank / 138
Value
55
47
41
91
100
43
65
68
106
113
78
61
60
60
26
32
16
72
63
41
81
29
4.1
4.7
4.6
3.1
2.4
4.7
4.0
3.0
2.5
2.8
3.5
3.6
4.3
5.4
5.4
5.7
6.2
3.8
4.7
5.2
3.9
6.5
12
5.9
17
17
8
16
14
9
25
87
20
5.5
5.5
5.6
5.5
5.8
4318.5
6.2
107.9
40.6
86
4.3
98
56
73
126
40
-4.5
22.0
-0.5
99.0
30
6.3
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
31
6
76
16
26
3
58
15
31
6
3
65
74
14
63
66
93
12.0
6.8
0.4
6.5
3.5
83.1
4.2
98.9
5.1
130.2
89.1
3.8
4.0
5.5
4.4
4.3
3.7
Trend
Rank / 138
54
18
39
38
82
110
76
81
81
59
5
36
54
44
103
47
79
69
80
70
110
76
103
102
37
82
83
53
71
83
58
67
88
41
73
63
68
25
40
53
27
32
24
34
26
16
Value
4.2
4.3
5.0
3.3
17.4
3.5
3.6
4.7
3.3
3.1
0.86
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.7
3.6
3.2
4.7
4.5
5
5.6
5.5
4.7
5.0
78.7
28.3
105.0
82.1
5.4
5.3
5.8
1615.1
33.3
29
17
28
33
33
25
27
31
48
94
4.5
5.0
5.1
4.3
4.3
4.8
4.4
4.8
4.6
3.5
51
38
54
57
69
34
26
Trend
4.5
5.6
4.1
4.1
3.4
50.0
7
14.0
3.6
4.5
1.0
5.1
4.8
4.5
31.2
4.9
3.3
17
22
16
71
38
Spain
3.8
4.3
4.5
3.5
3.5
3.3
4.6
37.7
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Sri Lanka 71
Key Indicators, 2015
st
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
21.1
3889.4
82.1
0.20
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
71
4.2
Rank
68 / 144
65 / 148
73 / 144
68 / 140
71 / 138
64
4.6
Score
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
57
4.1
73
3.9
96
4.2
37
6.2
83
3.9
68
4.4
66
4.3
128
3.4
64
4.0
101
3.2
60
4.1
46
3.9
53
4.1
43
3.7
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
Sri Lanka
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
South Asia
12.9
9.7
9.1
8.0
7.8
7.6
7.4
6.5
5.6
5.4
5.2
4.7
4.4
3.7
1.7
0.1
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Sri Lanka
Value
57
61
44
66
89
78
51
88
51
56
42
48
81
49
53
65
79
56
52
58
45
49
4.1
4.4
4.5
3.5
2.6
3.8
4.4
2.8
3.5
3.6
4.2
3.8
3.9
5.5
5.0
5.0
4.2
4.0
4.9
5.0
4.3
6.0
73
3.9
55
43
43
60
58
54
83
78
77
4.4
4.7
3.6
4.3
4.6
352.1
4.4
112.8
12.0
96
4.2
114
41
1
107
81
-6.1
25.8
0.9
74.4
37
6.2
1
10
82
55
1
52
53
66
33
42
0.0
6.0
65.0
6.0
0.1
5.9
8.4
74.8
4.8
97.2
68
4.4
48
98
41
28
38
75
42
51
99.7
20.7
4.3
4.8
4.7
4.1
4.8
4.2
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
66
66
56
53
43
119
94
56
71
73
136
79
68
63
107
38
45
4.3
5.2
3.8
3.8
4.0
55.2
8
10.0
3.7
4.3
17.6
4.4
4.6
4.2
30.4
5.1
3.7
128
3.4
53
83
100
134
47
47
46
50
91
126
64
4.0
4.6
3.9
4.4
4.1
3.0
5.2
4.5
3
101
3.2
60
4.7
4.6
4.3
30.0
3.1
13.9
15.8
4.1
56
73
60
110
3.9
4.4
223.0
20.5
53
34
44
61
64
48
61
65
36
60
4.1
4.8
4.7
3.8
3.6
4.1
3.7
3.8
4.8
3.8
43
4.6
4.8
3.4
58.5
4.2
4.3
4.6
3.8
3.0
0.41
41
65
32
57
56
58
62
97
72
62
78
98
95
99
115
56
55
40
51
38
32
73
Trend
3.7
4.3
4.1
3.8
3.6
3.7
4.7
0.8
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Sweden 6
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
9.9
Population (millions)
492.6
49866.3
0.42
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
5.5
Rank
4 / 144
6 / 148
10 / 144
9 / 140
6 / 138
6.1
Score
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.9
20
5.6
6.3
24
6.4
12
5.3
15
5.6
11
5.3
18
4.9
10
5.2
6.3
40
4.6
5.5
5.6
5.5
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Sweden
Sweden moves up three places to 6th with improvements in the basic factors
of competitiveness, especially the macroeconomic environment. Growth has
been robust, at 3.7 percent in 2016, and the country has managed to
signicantly decrease its decit in 2015, jumping 30 places to 22nd on this
indicator. The labor market functions reasonably well and Sweden has a high
employment rate, with a high level of womens participation in the workforce.
However, there is still room for improvement in labor market exibility:
Sweden has dropped 26 places to 120th in the effect of taxation on
incentives to work, and restrictive labor regulations are perceived as the
second most problematic factor for doing business. The country also faces a
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
second most problematic factor for doing business. The country also faces a
difcult housing market: a continued increase in house prices could impede
mobility and negatively impact labor market efciency. Sweden is well
equipped to embrace the Fourth Industrial Revolution, with a strong score on
technological readiness and ranked within the top 10 in innovation. However,
the availability of scientists and engineers is falling (down six places to 20th)
a reminder that renewed efforts to invest in human capital and skills are
necessary to ensure long-term competitiveness and innovation capacity.
24.6
20.1
11.0
9.6
8.7
6.1
5.9
5.9
3.3
1.7
1.4
1.0
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.0
14
21
28
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Sweden
Value
4
3
8
4
9
7
5
3
10
22
4
13
10
20
12
13
30
1
9
4
7
14
5.9
6.3
6.1
6.2
5.7
6.5
6.5
5.6
4.8
4.1
5.7
5.2
5.8
6.0
5.8
6.2
5.7
6.3
6.2
6.2
5.6
7.2
20
5.6
18
21
30
13
22
38
4
41
26
5.5
5.3
4.1
5.6
5.7
650.0
6.8
130.4
36.7
6.3
22
21
1
63
7
-0.9
30.4
0.7
44.1
24
6.4
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
23
18
1
20
10
14
42
8
15
4
43
23
51
19
3
15
4
7.5
6.6
0.2
6.5
2.4
82.0
4.6
99.5
5.6
132.9
62.4
4.7
4.5
5.4
6.2
5.8
5.5
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
11
22
19
1
76
106
11
42
11
8
5
20
4
7
72
2
12
5.3
5.6
4.7
5.6
3.6
49.1
3
7.0
4.9
5.2
1.0
5.5
6.0
5.7
40.0
6.0
4.6
18
5
132
109
58
120
31
2
13
30
13
10
8
12
10
4
15
10
10
46
4
2
2
26
12
14
6
6
40
4.9
6.1
3.4
3.3
14.4
3.1
4.6
6.3
5.0
4.1
0.95
5.2
5.6
5.0
5.3
5.4
4.1
6.2
5.8
6
6.3
6.6
6.0
5.0
90.6
36.1
421.2
122.1
4.6
38
37
39
49
4.4
5.3
473.4
42.8
6
55
6
16
6
3
6
3
8
4
5.6
4.6
5.7
5.0
6.2
5.9
5.3
6.3
5.4
5.6
5.5
3
7
6
12
23
20
2
Trend
5.9
5.8
5.5
5.2
3.8
4.9
320.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Switzerland 1
Key Indicators, 2015
st
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
8.2
Population (millions)
664.6
80675.3
0.42
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
5.8
Rank
1 / 144
1 / 148
1 / 144
1 / 140
1 / 138
6.3
Score
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.9
6.2
6.5
6.6
5.6
6.0
5.4
5.9
5.3
6.4
39
4.6
5.8
5.8
5.8
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Switzerland
For the eighth consecutive year, Switzerland tops the GCI, achieving an even
higher score than in previous years. Although its performance remains
largely unchanged from last year, a small score improvement means
Switzerland achieves the highest GCI score since the introduction of the
current methodology in 2007. The country features in the top 10 of 11 GCI
pillars and tops four of them: labor market efciency, business sophistication,
innovation, and technological readiness (for the rst time). Switzerland
arguably possesses one of the worlds most fertile innovation ecosystems,
combining a very conducive policy environment and infrastructure, academic
excellence, an unmatched capacity to attract the best talent, and large
multinationals that are often leaders in their sector as well as a dense
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
15.6
15.6
14.4
12.5
10.3
9.3
7.6
3.9
3.4
3.2
3.2
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Switzerland
Rank / 138
Value
6
1
1
8
11
11
4
7
11
7
3
1
3
26
16
17
3
7
6
8
19
90
5.9
6.5
6.5
6.0
5.5
6.4
6.5
5.2
4.8
4.8
5.8
5.8
6.1
5.9
5.7
6.1
6.6
6.0
6.2
6.1
5.1
5.0
6.2
1
7
2
55
8
30
1
29
10
6.5
6.0
6.6
4.4
6.1
1074.0
6.9
142.0
50.3
6.5
19
12
94
65
1
-0.2
33.3
-1.1
45.6
6.6
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
16
4
76
12
25
4
2
81
4
47
47
1
4
1
10
1
1
6.3
6.8
0.4
6.6
3.4
82.8
6.2
93.8
6.0
99.8
57.2
6.2
5.9
6.3
5.9
6.6
5.7
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
6
39
2
13
7
31
54
56
61
58
57
19
12
14
48
3
3
5.4
5.4
5.8
5.1
5.3
28.8
6
10.0
3.8
4.5
4.0
5.5
5.6
5.3
51.8
6.0
5.0
2
10
1
34
5
1
8
1
1
34
3
3
4
13
17
19
12
46
5
1
9
18
1
9
15
39
5.9
6.2
6.0
5.8
10.1
5.4
5.6
6.1
6.1
6.3
0.89
5.3
6.0
5.7
5.6
5.2
4.1
5.9
5.8
6
6.4
6.4
6.1
5.4
88.0
44.8
276.0
97.6
4.6
39
29
38
24
4.4
5.5
482.3
59.9
1
7
1
14
1
2
3
1
3
8
5.8
5.5
6.1
5.1
6.4
5.9
5.4
6.5
5.7
5.3
5.8
1
1
1
1
28
14
3
Trend
6.1
6.5
6.0
5.8
3.8
5.1
313.5
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Taiwan, China 14
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
23.5
Population (millions)
523.6
22287.6
0.97
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
14
5.3
Rank
13 / 144
12 / 148
14 / 144
15 / 140
14 / 138
14
5.8
Score
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
30
4.8
13
5.8
14
6.1
15
6.5
16
5.2
17
5.6
15
5.2
25
4.8
15
4.9
30
5.5
20
5.2
17
5.1
22
5.0
11
5.1
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Taiwan, China
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
20.7
17.7
16.4
8.6
7.8
6.4
3.9
3.9
3.4
3.2
2.3
2.2
1.9
1.2
0.3
0.0
12
18
24
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Taiwan, China
Taiwan, China
Value
30
24
29
36
33
26
52
27
45
30
65
60
21
42
24
47
37
35
22
28
14
25
4.8
5.6
5.2
4.5
4.1
5.5
4.4
4.1
3.6
4.0
3.7
3.6
5.2
5.7
5.5
5.4
5.5
4.5
5.7
5.5
5.3
6.7
13
5.8
20
11
10
20
33
26
35
50
2
5.4
5.7
5.4
5.3
5.3
1443.8
6.0
127.3
59.7
14
6.1
56
7
68
46
18
-2.7
36.3
-0.3
38.3
15
n/a
6.5
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
68
46
59
25
29
31
18
7
17
40
9
30
15
29
41
30
22
45.7
6.1
0.2
6.4
3.6
79.8
5.4
99.5
5.6
101.2
83.7
4.5
5.2
5.1
4.9
5.1
4.8
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
15
6
5
24
32
57
11
56
42
20
69
58
87
15
41
4
15
5.2
5.9
5.2
4.6
4.2
34.5
3
10.0
4.1
4.9
5.0
4.7
4.4
5.3
54.3
5.9
4.5
25
16
12
11
99
18
17
24
39
62
86
4.8
5.4
6.0
4.8
22.6
4.7
4.8
5.4
4.1
3.5
0.75
15
14
28
3
5
13
22
17
86
4.9
5.4
4.6
5.6
5.4
4.2
5.9
5.6
4
30
5.5
29
30
35
17
36
47
28
5.6
5.3
4.8
88.0
24.3
73.2
80.2
20
25
15
21
20
5.2
4.9
6.0
1099.0
65.3
22
8
24
3
20
21
37
21
19
31
5.0
5.3
5.2
5.4
5.2
5.1
4.1
5.3
5.2
4.3
11
24
26
12
17
25
28
n/a
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.2
4.8
3.8
4.7
n/a
Trend
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Taiwan, China
Chinese
Taipei
Value
30
24
29
36
33
26
52
27
45
30
65
60
21
42
24
47
37
35
22
28
14
25
4.8
5.6
5.2
4.5
4.1
5.5
4.4
4.1
3.6
4.0
3.7
3.6
5.2
5.7
5.5
5.4
5.5
4.5
5.7
5.5
5.3
6.7
13
5.8
20
11
10
20
33
26
35
50
2
5.4
5.7
5.4
5.3
5.3
1443.8
6.0
127.3
59.7
14
6.1
56
7
68
46
18
-2.7
36.3
-0.3
38.3
15
6.5
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
68
46
59
25
29
31
18
7
17
40
9
30
15
29
41
30
22
45.7
6.1
0.2
6.4
3.6
79.8
5.4
99.5
5.6
101.2
83.7
4.5
5.2
5.1
4.9
5.1
4.8
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
15
6
5
24
32
57
11
56
42
20
69
58
87
15
41
4
15
5.2
5.9
5.2
4.6
4.2
34.5
3
10.0
4.1
4.9
5.0
4.7
4.4
5.3
54.3
5.9
4.5
25
16
12
11
99
18
17
24
39
62
86
15
14
28
3
5
13
22
17
86
30
29
30
35
17
36
47
28
20
4.8
5.4
6.0
4.8
22.6
4.7
4.8
5.4
4.1
3.5
0.75
4.9
5.4
4.6
5.6
5.4
4.2
5.9
5.6
4
5.5
5.6
5.3
4.8
88.0
24.3
73.2
80.2
5.2
25
15
21
20
4.9
6.0
1099.0
65.3
22
8
24
3
20
21
37
21
19
31
5.0
5.3
5.2
5.4
5.2
5.1
4.1
5.3
5.2
4.3
11
24
26
12
17
25
28
n/a
Trend
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.2
4.8
3.8
4.7
n/a
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Tajikistan 77
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
8.5
922.1
7.8
0.02
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
100 / 144
91 / 144
80 / 140
77 / 138
78
4.4
Score
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.1
41
4.4
103
3.2
89
4.3
70
5.7
99
3.7
75
4.3
71
4.3
33
4.6
105
3.5
114
2.8
122
2.6
60
3.7
74
3.8
46
3.6
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
Tajikistan
2014-15
4.1
2012-13
77
Edition
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Eurasia
15.2
13.9
13.7
13.4
12.1
8.7
3.7
3.4
3.1
2.7
2.5
2.5
2.3
1.8
0.9
0.0
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Tajikistan
Rank / 138
Value
41
54
65
35
28
59
49
40
28
14
36
40
35
80
58
66
51
39
96
93
80
29
4.4
4.5
4.2
4.5
4.2
4.2
4.4
3.8
3.9
4.5
4.5
4.0
4.6
5.0
4.9
5.0
4.8
4.5
4.1
4.6
3.9
6.5
103
3.2
66
70
41
133
71
95
99
99
103
4.2
4.1
3.7
2.0
4.3
62.3
3.7
98.6
5.3
89
4.3
44
126
107
39
121
-2.2
8.5
5.8
35.9
70
5.7
10
36
90
102
76
88
116
99
71
38
0.1
4.9
91.0
4.6
0.4
5.0
38.5
69.6
4.1
97.3
75
4.3
81
91
55
76
81
57
62
60
87.9
26.4
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.5
4.4
4.0
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
71
97
46
70
79
136
22
67
26
96
74
120
110
64
56
70
29
4.3
4.7
3.9
3.7
3.5
81.8
4
11.0
4.4
4.1
5.8
3.5
3.9
4.2
48.1
4.6
4.0
33
4.7
5.4
4.5
15.5
4.3
4.6
4.1
3.9
3.8
0.77
105
3.5
114
2.8
89
108
98
117
130
122
122
122
4.2
4.0
3.0
4.1
3.3
4.3
3.9
1
4.3
4.1
4.0
19.0
0.1
4.3
12.1
2.6
116
129
121
127
2.5
3.0
23.3
14.0
74
31
75
118
65
92
43
79
129
50
3.8
4.8
4.2
3.0
3.6
3.6
4.0
3.6
3.7
3.9
46
4.6
43
35
24
66
39
30
80
44
42
79
70
54
103
59
36
96
89
127
66
65
73
31
20
51
121
Trend
3.6
4.1
3.9
3.2
4.3
3.9
4.3
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Tanzania 116
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
47.7
941.8
44.9
0.12
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
121 / 144
120 / 140
116 / 138
114
3.8
Score
3.6
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.7
83
3.8
118
2.7
124
4.2
119
3.5
132
2.6
114
3.9
62
4.3
98
3.5
125
2.6
71
3.7
96
3.4
106
3.5
88
3.2
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Tanzania
2016-17
125 / 148
2015-16
120 / 144
4.6
2014-15
Rank
70
2013-14
3.7
2012-13
116
Edition
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
18.7
14.8
14.5
11.8
6.5
5.9
5.4
4.1
3.9
3.7
3.1
2.4
2.3
1.4
1.2
0.0
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Tanzania
Value
83
102
101
86
54
121
71
60
83
59
51
55
74
99
87
71
76
83
111
113
74
101
3.8
3.9
3.6
3.2
3.4
2.9
3.9
3.3
2.9
3.5
4.0
3.7
4.1
4.7
4.2
4.9
4.3
3.7
3.8
4.3
4.0
4.5
118
2.7
90
90
76
99
123
80
113
124
129
3.5
3.4
2.5
3.4
3.2
107.6
2.9
75.9
0.3
70
4.6
83
54
106
54
109
-3.7
22.6
5.6
40.5
124
4.2
49 10999.1
68
3.0
129
327.0
115
4.2
127
5.3
126
3.8
110
35.2
111
64.9
117
3.0
128
80.9
132
134
133
96
122
126
123
103
108
2.6
32.3
3.6
3.3
2.8
3.3
3.1
3.9
3.5
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
114
99
90
60
102
92
108
109
74
97
103
90
93
97
114
106
112
3.9
4.7
3.4
3.7
3.2
43.9
9
26.0
3.7
4.1
9.8
4.2
4.2
3.6
28.6
4.1
2.8
62
116
85
72
28
117
109
87
73
58
31
98
96
118
78
78
93
108
99
68
125
122
98
96
133
122
123
137
71
4.3
3.8
4.8
3.7
9.3
3.1
3.5
4.0
3.5
3.6
0.90
3.5
3.8
3.0
3.4
3.7
2.6
4.1
3.8
5
2.6
3.7
4.2
4.0
5.4
0.2
4.1
3.2
3.7
68
83
69
117
3.6
4.1
138.5
19.1
106
79
117
72
98
116
106
112
110
104
3.5
4.4
3.6
3.7
3.0
3.3
3.1
3.1
3.9
3.4
88
107
82
83
55
52
95
120
Trend
3.2
3.7
3.7
3.1
3.5
3.5
3.7
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Thailand 34
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
68.8
Population (millions)
395.3
5742.3
0.98
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
34
4.6
Rank
38 / 144
37 / 148
31 / 144
32 / 140
34 / 138
44
4.9
Score
4.5
4.5
4.7
4.6
4.6
84
3.7
49
4.4
13
6.1
86
5.5
37
4.6
62
4.5
37
4.7
71
4.2
39
4.4
63
4.3
18
5.2
47
3.8
43
4.3
54
3.4
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Thailand
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
16.7
11.9
11.3
9.9
9.9
8.5
7.9
4.7
4.3
4.1
3.3
2.3
2.1
1.7
0.9
0.4
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Thailand
Rank / 138
Value
84
93
121
88
111
80
64
74
108
61
54
62
87
121
100
104
61
92
51
88
39
36
3.7
4.0
3.3
3.1
2.2
3.7
4.0
3.0
2.5
3.5
4.0
3.6
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.2
4.6
3.6
4.9
4.7
4.5
6.3
49
4.4
72
60
77
65
42
15
61
55
91
4.0
4.2
2.5
4.2
5.0
3140.9
5.1
125.8
7.9
13
6.1
13
13
88
60
46
0.3
32.9
-0.9
43.1
86
5.5
34
24
113
97
106
103
61
72
90
91
187.5
5.4
171.0
4.7
1.1
4.6
10.5
74.4
3.5
92.4
62
4.5
84
55
67
81
77
51
93
54
86.2
52.5
3.7
3.9
4.1
4.6
4.1
4.1
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
37
44
104
62
45
30
54
113
86
75
85
54
56
82
29
26
24
4.7
5.3
3.3
3.7
4.0
27.5
6
27.5
3.6
4.3
6.8
4.8
4.8
3.8
64.0
5.4
4.1
71
36
107
28
128
49
52
50
42
46
64
39
23
40
19
34
31
35
45
97
63
70
43
42
94
71
53
34
18
4.2
4.8
4.4
4.4
36.0
4.2
4.3
4.6
3.9
3.7
0.81
4.4
5.1
4.3
4.9
4.5
3.5
5.6
4.8
3
4.3
4.8
4.9
4.7
39.3
9.2
64.9
75.3
5.2
22
13
20
18
5.0
6.0
1108.1
69.5
43
59
77
62
34
40
49
52
24
35
4.3
4.6
4.2
3.8
4.2
4.2
3.9
4.1
5.1
4.2
54
70
56
46
41
65
57
70
Trend
3.4
4.1
4.1
3.6
3.8
3.3
4.1
1.4
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
1.4
Population (millions)
24.6
18085.8
0.04
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
89 / 144
89 / 140
94 / 138
82
4.4
Score
4.0
3.9
4.0
3.9
3.9
107
3.4
54
4.3
61
5.9
76
4.0
74
4.3
103
4.0
89
4.0
61
4.1
50
4.7
99
3.0
83
3.5
67
3.9
105
3.0
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
2016-17
92 / 148
2015-16
84 / 144
3.9
2014-15
Rank
114
2013-14
3.9
2012-13
94
Edition
19.8
14.4
13.9
11.9
10.7
6.6
4.9
4.3
2.9
2.3
2.3
1.9
1.6
1.1
1.0
0.4
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Rank / 138
Value
107
87
98
114
118
102
55
134
107
87
106
95
80
74
132
116
126
123
83
90
111
36
3.4
4.1
3.6
2.6
1.9
3.3
4.2
1.9
2.5
3.2
3.0
3.0
4.0
5.2
2.5
3.8
2.8
3.1
4.3
4.7
3.6
6.3
54
4.3
61
63
4.2
4.1
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
81
75
96
58
16
51
114
3.8
4.3
58.9
5.2
157.7
20.1
3.9
128
128
96
74
49
-9.5
8.0
4.7
51.1
61
5.9
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
50
65
119
101
86
95
44
65
74
86
110
38
31
33
66
36
53
22.0
5.7
1.7
4.7
18.2
70.4
4.6
95.2
4.3
85.5
12.0
4.4
4.8
4.9
4.3
5.0
4.1
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
103
58
118
119
35
47
76
71
117
25
117
75
52
124
65
136
72
4.0
5.2
3.1
3.0
4.1
32.2
7
11.5
3.2
4.9
10.8
4.4
4.8
3.2
44.4
3.3
3.4
89
137
95
73
90
72
73
44
60
60
88
61
73
64
71
77
122
37
79
28
50
56
94
79
51
43
27
101
99
4.0
3.2
4.6
3.7
20.5
3.8
3.9
4.6
3.6
3.5
0.74
4.1
4.1
3.9
3.6
3.7
2.1
5.6
4.1
7
4.7
4.9
4.2
4.2
69.2
20.7
122.7
32.2
3.0
101
90
97
40
2.7
4.0
44.3
46.7
67
46
80
86
84
81
53
49
94
96
3.9
4.7
4.2
3.5
3.2
3.7
3.8
4.2
4.1
3.5
105
110
77
124
112
120
54
84
Trend
3.0
3.7
3.7
2.7
2.9
2.7
4.2
0.4
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Tunisia 95
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
11.1
43.6
3922.7
0.11
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
95
3.9
Rank
83 / 148
87 / 144
92 / 140
95 / 138
79
4.4
Score
4.1
4.0
3.9
3.9
78
3.8
83
3.7
99
4.2
59
5.9
103
3.7
93
4.0
113
3.9
133
3.2
119
3.2
80
3.7
69
3.8
104
3.3
101
3.6
104
3.0
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Tunisia
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
18.1
13.8
11.7
7.4
6.4
5.9
5.9
5.7
5.0
4.9
4.7
4.3
4.0
1.6
0.5
0.1
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Tunisia
Rank / 138
Value
78
49
79
46
63
95
75
50
65
104
64
66
91
127
94
87
74
94
92
101
61
90
3.8
4.5
3.9
4.1
3.1
3.5
3.8
3.4
3.3
3.0
3.7
3.5
3.8
3.2
4.1
4.4
4.3
3.5
4.2
4.5
4.1
5.0
83
3.7
84
87
63
100
97
76
60
42
88
3.7
3.5
2.8
3.3
3.9
139.2
5.1
129.9
8.4
99
4.2
94
109
100
81
75
-4.4
12.9
4.9
54.5
59
5.9
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
60
73
1
67
68
78
85
21
93
82
79
107
57
78
112
118
114
33.0
5.6
0.1
5.7
12.1
74.1
3.6
98.6
4.0
87.6
34.6
3.1
4.4
4.1
3.5
3.6
3.4
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
113
84
100
95
58
122
116
67
98
117
116
100
90
128
46
96
100
3.9
4.9
3.3
3.4
3.8
59.9
10
11.0
3.4
3.7
10.8
4.1
4.3
3.0
52.3
4.3
3.0
133
3.2
128
129
126
45
83
132
94
110
123
127
3.6
3.8
2.8
12.1
3.8
3.0
3.8
2.8
2.3
0.36
119
3.2
109
100
62
102
111
127
77
108
80
76
106
81
82
88
77
52
69
3.6
3.3
3.7
3.3
2.3
3.4
4.1
2
3.7
4.6
4.1
4.2
48.5
4.3
33.8
62.6
3.8
69
67
71
55
3.6
4.5
127.0
39.2
101
56
92
106
123
89
83
98
97
102
3.6
4.6
4.0
3.2
2.6
3.6
3.4
3.4
4.1
3.4
104
99
111
109
107
116
48
76
Trend
3.0
3.8
3.2
2.9
3.0
2.7
4.3
0.7
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Turkey 55
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
77.7
Population (millions)
733.6
9437.4
1.40
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
55
4.4
Rank
43 / 144
44 / 148
45 / 144
51 / 140
55 / 138
56
4.7
Score
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.4
74
3.9
48
4.4
54
4.9
79
5.6
53
4.3
50
4.7
52
4.5
126
3.4
82
3.8
67
4.2
17
5.4
65
3.6
65
4.0
71
3.3
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Turkey
Turkey drops four places to 55th (note that the data were collected before the
attempted coup in July 2016). Nevertheless, considering the unstable
geopolitical situation in neighboring countries and the pressures from
migrationTurkey accounts for 56 percent of all registered Syrian refugees
the country has proven economically resilient. Its relative strengths include
infrastructure, despite a lower score this year, and its macroeconomic
environment (up 14 places to 54th)in the face of persistently high ination,
the fall in oil prices has helped the country reduce its government budget
decit and debt. Turkey has made gains in higher education and training (up
ve places to 50th), increasing enrollment rates in secondary and tertiary
education. However, building a highly skilled workforce will require improving
the quality of education and investing in on-the-job training. Weaknesses in
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
12.3
10.6
10.5
9.9
8.3
7.4
7.2
7.1
5.0
4.8
4.5
3.8
2.9
2.7
2.0
0.9
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Turkey
Rank / 138
Value
74
62
95
38
74
55
107
80
38
71
96
117
47
119
76
77
68
93
82
57
82
20
3.9
4.4
3.7
4.3
2.9
4.3
3.1
2.9
3.7
3.4
3.1
2.7
4.5
4.1
4.5
4.8
4.3
3.6
4.3
5.0
3.9
6.8
48
4.4
29
28
55
52
29
16
84
101
69
5.0
5.0
3.0
4.5
5.4
2982.2
4.4
96.0
15.0
54
4.9
23
94
121
27
68
-1.0
15.6
7.7
32.6
79
5.6
9
7
42
49
1
41
65
62
105
86
0.1
6.2
18.0
6.1
<0.1
6.1
11.6
75.2
3.1
92.9
50
4.7
45
17
104
107
112
79
95
101
100.3
79.0
3.2
3.3
3.6
4.1
4.0
3.5
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
52
12
54
41
73
83
94
46
88
44
76
102
47
74
104
39
66
4.5
5.9
3.8
4.1
3.6
40.9
8
7.5
3.5
4.6
6.0
4.1
4.9
3.9
31.1
5.1
3.4
126
3.4
119
62
93
122
67
94
81
89
107
125
82
60
97
54
60
78
55
80
97
67
62
48
64
71
61
59
71
17
3.8
5.1
3.5
29.8
3.9
3.7
4.0
3.2
2.6
0.44
3.8
4.4
3.4
3.8
4.1
2.7
5.2
4.1
3
4.2
4.9
4.8
4.5
53.7
12.4
59.0
50.9
5.4
16
26
17
97
5.3
5.7
1588.8
25.9
65
41
48
57
106
64
55
48
92
86
4.0
4.7
4.6
3.8
2.9
3.8
3.8
4.2
4.1
3.6
71
75
103
70
63
62
49
42
Trend
3.3
4.1
3.3
3.3
3.5
3.4
4.3
9.2
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Uganda 113
Key Indicators, 2015
rd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
39.9
620.2
24.7
0.07
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
122 / 144
115 / 140
113 / 138
116
3.8
Score
3.5
3.4
3.6
3.7
3.7
93
3.5
126
2.4
118
4.6
109
3.6
129
2.7
115
3.9
29
4.7
77
3.9
118
2.8
81
3.4
95
3.4
111
3.5
77
3.3
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Uganda
2016-17
129 / 148
2015-16
123 / 144
4.6
2014-15
Rank
73
2013-14
3.7
2012-13
113
Edition
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
16.1
14.5
11.9
11.4
11.2
5.7
5.4
4.7
4.6
4.5
3.2
2.7
2.5
1.2
0.4
0.4
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Uganda
Value
93
73
104
117
98
118
89
101
103
43
60
70
63
123
112
109
88
89
97
50
93
86
3.5
4.2
3.5
2.5
2.4
3.0
3.6
2.6
2.5
3.7
3.8
3.5
4.3
3.7
3.6
4.1
4.0
3.6
4.1
5.1
3.8
5.2
126
2.4
98
88
99
121
120
102
103
133
125
3.4
3.5
1.6
2.5
3.2
45.6
3.4
50.4
0.8
73
4.6
67
83
108
36
95
-2.9
17.7
5.8
35.4
118
4.6
58 21438.2
63
3.3
107
161.0
110
4.3
129
7.3
135
3.1
114
37.7
127
58.5
122
2.8
82
93.7
129
136
129
90
116
100
125
79
95
2.7
27.6
4.5
3.4
3.1
3.8
3.1
4.1
3.6
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
115
45
117
108
114
66
135
112
75
48
101
28
31
66
93
86
126
3.9
5.3
3.1
3.2
3.0
36.5
15
27.0
3.7
4.6
9.7
5.3
5.2
4.1
34.4
4.4
2.5
29
49
11
41
23
94
106
83
95
92
15
77
84
120
81
55
97
77
68
46
118
105
102
75
115
118
121
112
81
4.7
4.6
6.0
4.1
8.7
3.7
3.5
4.0
3.1
3.0
0.95
3.9
4.0
3.0
3.4
4.1
2.5
4.7
4.4
6
2.8
4.1
4.1
4.3
19.2
0.3
4.6
18.3
3.4
78
103
80
121
3.3
3.7
79.9
16.9
111
48
122
89
114
103
125
125
79
123
3.5
4.7
3.6
3.5
2.8
3.4
2.9
2.8
4.3
3.1
77
83
97
87
40
48
74
117
Trend
3.3
3.9
3.4
3.1
3.8
3.5
3.9
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Ukraine 85
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
42.6
2125.4
90.5
0.30
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
73 / 144
84 / 148
76 / 144
79 / 140
85 / 138
102
4.0
Score
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.0
4.0
129
3.0
75
3.9
128
3.2
54
6.0
74
4.0
33
5.1
108
4.0
73
4.2
130
3.0
85
3.6
47
4.4
73
3.5
98
3.6
52
3.4
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
Ukraine
2013-14
4.0
2012-13
85
Edition
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Eurasia
14.0
13.2
11.9
11.4
11.2
8.2
7.3
6.8
4.5
2.7
2.5
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.3
0.5
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Ukraine
Rank / 138
Value
129
131
125
120
80
119
129
109
129
74
121
126
99
128
116
123
104
106
129
121
136
79
3.0
3.0
3.2
2.5
2.8
2.9
2.3
2.5
1.9
3.4
2.8
2.5
3.7
3.2
3.5
3.3
3.5
3.4
3.5
4.1
2.8
5.3
75
3.9
88
134
34
96
103
60
86
26
47
3.6
2.4
4.0
3.4
3.7
270.2
4.4
144.0
21.6
128
3.2
25
99
136
113
127
-1.2
15.0
48.7
80.2
54
6.0
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
91
96
111
85
51
92
51
57
33
53
11
56
27
93
35
77
94
94.0
4.8
1.2
5.0
7.7
71.2
4.4
96.2
5.1
99.2
82.3
4.0
4.8
3.8
5.1
4.2
3.7
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
108
108
99
136
133
117
22
42
69
113
41
128
130
130
51
83
87
4.0
4.6
3.4
2.5
2.5
52.2
4
7.0
3.7
3.8
2.8
3.2
3.2
3.0
50.9
4.5
3.1
73
4.2
4.9
4.0
13.0
3.0
4.4
3.5
2.5
3.0
0.83
130
3.0
85
93
74
115
80
64
68
130
47
3.6
3.0
2.5
3.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
8
3.6
4.3
4.4
3.7
49.3
11.8
45.7
8.1
4.4
48
38
48
27
4.1
5.2
339.5
55.2
98
62
79
125
109
97
91
71
80
122
3.6
4.5
4.2
3.0
2.9
3.5
3.3
3.8
4.3
3.2
52
4.2
90
81
48
50
124
42
114
127
93
59
112
116
127
112
123
138
137
20
49
50
68
57
82
29
49
Trend
3.4
4.4
4.2
3.3
3.5
3.1
4.7
3.9
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
9.6
Population (millions)
345.5
36060.0
0.57
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
Rank
24 / 144
19 / 148
12 / 144
17 / 140
16 / 138
11
5.9
Score
5.1
5.1
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.8
6.3
38
5.3
40
6.2
15
5.2
34
5.1
5.6
11
5.2
28
4.7
18
5.8
27
4.9
21
4.9
13
5.2
25
4.6
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
2013-14
5.3
2012-13
16
Edition
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
competitive strengths: infrastructure is top notch (4th overall) and goods and
labor markets are open and efcient. Going forward, for the country to
diversify its economy, enhancing innovationwhere the country currently
ranks 25thwill be crucial. There is equal scope for better leveraging digital
technologies that are an important enabler of business innovation. Currently
the country ranks 29th in ICT use.
18.1
18.0
12.0
12.0
7.4
7.1
5.8
5.6
5.2
2.6
1.6
1.4
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.6
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Rank / 138
Value
7
20
24
5
2
6
19
4
2
3
10
20
14
7
1
4
7
6
24
19
11
49
5.8
5.7
5.7
6.2
6.2
6.5
5.7
5.4
6.0
5.3
5.5
4.7
5.6
6.3
6.4
6.6
6.4
6.0
5.6
5.8
5.3
6.0
6.3
4
1
6.3
6.5
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
3
2
5
10
3
45
6.4
6.7
5966.3
6.7
187.3
23.1
38
5.3
101
29
83
13
29
-4.9
27.8
4.1
19.4
40
6.2
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
2
45
1
31
43
40
12
100
34
71
96
10
10
16
4
22
16
1.6
6.2
<0.2
6.3
5.9
77.4
5.5
90.7
5.1
92.3
22.0
5.3
5.4
5.4
6.1
5.3
5.1
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
3
9
10
19
1
8
54
48
4
3
56
10
14
4
15
7
7
5.6
5.9
5.1
4.9
6.2
15.9
6
8.0
5.2
5.5
4.0
5.7
5.5
6.1
85.6
5.8
4.8
11
5.2
10
3
6
7
2
5
18
3
2
123
28
13
24
21
16
7
17
15
108
18
11
7
3
11
60
32
20
27
5.7
6.1
5.3
4.3
6.2
5.3
5.6
5.6
6.1
0.46
4.7
5.4
4.8
4.9
5.0
4.5
5.9
5.7
2
5.8
6.2
5.8
5.7
91.2
12.8
107.9
92.0
4.9
32
21
32
14
4.6
5.8
647.8
84.3
13
10
25
2
22
16
11
24
4
13
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.4
5.1
5.2
5.1
5.2
5.7
5.0
25
15
27
22
25
1
5
46
Trend
4.6
5.4
4.9
4.5
4.5
5.6
5.4
6.8
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
United Kingdom 7
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
65.1
Population (millions)
2849.3
43770.7
2.36
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
9 / 144
10 / 140
7 / 138
23
5.6
Score
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.5
14
5.5
6.0
17
6.5
5.6
20
5.5
5.3
5.5
16
4.9
6.3
5.7
5.3
5.6
13
5.0
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
United Kingdom
Currently the United Kingdom is still one of the most competitive economies
in the world, moving up three places to 7th on the back of marginal score
improvements. Note that the data were collected before the Brexit vote, so
initial repercussions from the vote are not captured by this years Index.
Although the process and the conditions of Brexit are still unknown, it is likely
to have a negative impact on the United Kingdoms competitiveness through
goods and nancial markets as well as market size and, potentially,
innovation. Competitiveness of the UK economy has, up to now, rested on
highly efcient goods and labor markets (9th and 5th, respectively); business
2016-17
10 / 148
2015-16
8 / 144
4.4
2014-15
Rank
85
2013-14
5.5
2012-13
Edition
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
highly efcient goods and labor markets (9th and 5th, respectively); business
processes are highly sophisticated (7th) and supported by a high level of
digital readiness by both businesses and consumers (3rd). Last year saw a
partial recovery in the macroeconomic environment (up 23 to 85th) and an
improvement in nancial market conditions, although in general scores were
mostly stable. Brexit will likely alter the competitiveness situation in the
United Kingdom. For a detailed discussion of its potential impacts, see Box 5
in chapter 1.1 of The Global Ccmpetitiveness Report 2016-2017.
14.8
12.6
12.5
10.8
8.9
8.7
8.1
7.8
7.0
4.4
2.1
1.2
0.8
0.2
0.1
0.0
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
United Kingdom
Rank / 138
Value
14
6
7
14
17
16
9
16
34
25
6
9
12
92
47
35
21
14
14
18
8
4
5.5
6.3
6.1
5.8
4.7
6.2
6.3
4.6
3.8
4.1
5.7
5.3
5.7
4.8
5.1
5.6
6.1
5.6
6.0
5.9
5.4
7.8
6.0
24
27
19
12
18
3
11
56
8
5.2
5.1
4.8
5.6
5.8
7390.4
6.7
125.8
52.6
85
4.4
97
113
59
119
13
-4.4
12.8
0.1
89.3
17
6.5
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
31
25
60
22
26
24
24
5
20
8
48
21
38
2
14
6
20
12.0
6.5
0.3
6.5
3.5
81.1
5.0
99.9
5.5
127.8
56.5
4.8
4.7
6.1
5.8
6.0
4.9
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
9
3
12
10
24
45
22
24
28
21
5
1
6
10
113
19
8
5.3
6.0
5.1
5.2
4.5
32.0
4
4.5
4.4
4.9
1.0
6.2
6.0
5.5
29.3
5.6
4.8
15
14
9
28
42
19
9
7
3
48
16
19
10
5
49
12
62
26
28
3
7
9
13
10
8
7
23
9
5.5
5.4
5.9
5.1
9.3
4.2
4.8
6.1
5.4
6.0
0.87
4.9
5.3
5.2
5.6
4.3
4.2
5.1
5.4
7
6.3
6.4
5.8
5.3
92.0
37.7
374.6
87.8
5.7
10
14
9
93
5.6
6.0
2679.3
28.3
7
4
16
6
8
6
8
12
2
16
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.3
6.0
5.7
5.3
5.9
5.8
5.0
13
5.0
9
2
17
6
30
19
18
Trend
5.4
6.3
4.9
5.5
3.8
4.9
94.5
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
United States 3
Key Indicators, 2015
rd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
321.6
Population (millions)
17947.0
55805.2
15.81
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
5.7
Rank
7 / 144
5 / 148
3 / 144
3 / 140
3 / 138
27
5.4
Score
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.6
5.7
27
5.0
11
5.9
71
4.6
39
6.2
5.8
5.9
14
5.2
5.5
5.6
14
6.0
6.9
5.6
5.6
5.6
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
United States
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
16.0
12.0
11.2
8.0
7.4
7.3
6.6
6.0
5.2
4.9
4.2
3.5
2.5
2.0
1.8
1.4
12
16
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
United States
Rank / 138
Value
27
23
16
26
40
32
29
37
74
29
21
18
18
104
70
70
23
27
19
15
15
29
5.0
5.6
5.9
4.9
3.9
5.3
5.3
3.8
3.1
4.0
5.0
4.9
5.4
4.5
4.6
4.9
6.0
5.0
5.8
6.0
5.2
6.5
11
5.9
12
5.7
13
5.6
13
5.1
10
5.7
9
6.1
1 37743.9
17
6.5
66
117.6
25
37.5
71
4.6
84
80
52
128
4
-3.7
18.7
0.1
105.8
39
6.2
n/a
M.F.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
3
51
92
75
41
34
25
84
8
59
5
17
33
7
17
16
15
3.1
6.0
0.6
5.4
5.6
78.9
5.0
93.1
5.9
97.6
86.7
5.1
4.7
5.7
5.8
5.7
5.1
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
14
5
6
8
28
92
54
33
16
29
33
33
46
20
134
13
10
5.2
6.0
5.2
5.3
4.2
43.9
6
5.6
4.7
4.8
1.4
5.1
4.9
5.1
15.5
5.6
4.7
30
19
7
1
24
8
11
2
5
55
3
6
14
2
7
4
36
24
4
14
Trend
5.5
5.0
5.7
5.1
0.0
4.5
5.2
6.0
5.6
5.8
0.86
5.6
5.7
5.0
5.7
5.3
4.7
5.6
5.4
11
6.0
3
4
25
36
18
38
13
6.5
6.0
5.1
74.5
31.5
99.0
109.2
6.9
4
5
9
1
18
7
2
9
1
9
5.6
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.6
5.5
6.0
6.0
5.2
5.6
2
7.0
2
6.6
2 17947.0
130
12.2
2
5
2
4
11
2
10
5.9
6.0
5.7
5.6
4.4
5.5
174.9
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Uruguay 73
Key Indicators, 2015
rd
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
3.4
Population (millions)
53.8
15748.2
0.07
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
73
4.2
Rank
74 / 144
85 / 148
80 / 144
73 / 140
73 / 138
48
4.9
Score
4.1
4.1
4.0
4.1
4.2
32
4.7
47
4.5
94
4.3
56
5.9
60
4.2
48
4.8
63
4.4
121
3.6
51
4.2
36
5.2
87
3.3
80
3.5
82
3.7
83
3.2
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Uruguay
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
17.9
16.5
16.4
11.6
11.0
7.1
5.7
5.0
3.7
1.9
1.3
0.9
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Uruguay
Rank / 138
Value
32
35
35
32
18
25
21
24
99
99
62
36
25
2
108
37
78
30
32
60
40
101
4.7
5.2
4.8
4.6
4.7
5.5
5.6
4.2
2.6
3.1
3.7
4.1
5.0
6.5
3.7
5.6
4.2
4.8
5.3
5.0
4.4
4.5
47
4.5
87
98
106
39
66
92
36
12
33
3.6
3.2
1.2
4.8
4.4
66.4
5.9
160.2
32.3
94
4.3
76
102
123
89
50
-3.5
14.8
8.7
61.8
56
5.9
n/a
S.L.
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
59
24
98
32
56
45
91
12
48
66
40
111
119
56
22
50
79
30.0
6.5
0.7
6.2
8.7
77.0
3.5
99.2
4.8
94.1
63.1
3.0
2.9
4.4
5.4
4.6
3.8
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
63
105
70
100
77
87
41
41
12
46
92
34
11
52
125
84
51
4.4
4.6
3.7
3.3
3.5
41.8
5
6.5
4.8
4.6
8.0
5.1
5.7
4.4
22.5
4.5
3.6
121
3.6
136
136
127
93
122
119
65
70
98
74
51
63
41
113
47
71
26
27
86
36
54
58
30
58
34
48
31
87
3.4
2.6
2.8
20.8
3.0
3.3
4.3
3.5
2.9
0.79
4.2
4.3
4.3
2.7
4.3
2.8
5.8
5.3
4
5.2
5.0
4.6
4.9
64.6
26.3
73.2
77.7
3.3
87
102
85
114
3.1
3.8
73.5
19.8
82
111
91
100
53
59
102
88
68
101
3.7
4.0
4.0
3.3
3.8
3.9
3.2
3.6
4.4
3.4
83
102
51
103
69
92
109
56
Trend
3.2
3.8
4.1
2.9
3.4
3.0
3.5
3.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Venezuela 130
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
30.9
Population (millions)
239.6
7744.7
0.45
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
130
3.3
Rank
126 / 144
134 / 148
131 / 144
132 / 140
130 / 138
134
3.1
Score
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.3
138
2.2
121
2.6
135
2.4
91
5.4
116
3.5
53
4.7
138
2.9
138
2.8
124
3.1
107
3.1
41
4.6
133
2.8
136
3.0
128
2.6
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
10th pillar:
Market size
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Venezuela
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
24.2
17.0
11.5
10.9
9.7
9.4
7.1
2.4
2.2
1.6
1.4
1.0
0.8
0.4
0.2
0.1
14
21
28
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Venezuela
Rank / 138
Value
138
2.2
138
138
138
135
133
138
138
136
138
138
138
138
86
138
137
138
133
89
70
132
136
1.6
2.0
1.2
1.5
2.5
1.1
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.2
2.1
4.9
1.6
2.4
1.9
2.7
4.3
4.9
3.1
3.2
121
2.6
126
119
102
119
129
73
133
106
40
135
2.5
2.8
1.5
2.6
2.7
163.9
1.8
93.0
24.9
2.4
137
115
137
71
129
-18.7
12.2
121.7
48.8
91
5.4
37
23
53
78
92
83
73
75
113
101
430.1
5.4
24.0
5.4
0.6
5.1
12.9
74.2
3.0
90.7
53
4.7
73
20
122
115
50
110
89
92
91.6
77.0
2.8
3.1
4.5
3.6
4.1
3.7
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
138
2.9
138
134
138
101
130
138
138
138
129
121
130
137
138
131
129
118
2.7
2.7
2.4
3.2
65.0
17
144.0
1.8
3.4
11.8
3.2
2.7
2.1
19.6
3.8
2.7
138
2.8
129
103
138
137
96
135
67
138
138
98
3.6
4.5
1.4
not
possible
3.6
2.7
4.3
1.7
1.3
0.68
124
3.1
97
50
129
72
108
97
131
127
107
133
119
137
62
74
98
77
41
36
61
36
124
136
138
134
137
133
127
111
116
109
116
128
116
95
126
103
138
120
89
Trend
3.8
4.1
2.4
3.9
2.3
4.3
2.9
1
3.1
3.2
3.9
2.5
61.9
8.2
16.3
43.0
4.6
4.5
4.8
515.7
15.9
3.0
2.5
3.2
2.5
2.2
3.0
3.0
3.1
4.0
3.3
2.6
3.6
3.5
2.6
3.0
1.7
3.2
0.3
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Vietnam 60
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
91.7
Population (millions)
191.5
2088.3
0.49
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
60
4.3
Rank
75 / 144
70 / 148
68 / 144
56 / 140
60 / 138
73
4.5
Score
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.3
82
3.8
79
3.9
77
4.5
65
5.8
65
4.1
83
4.1
81
4.2
63
4.3
78
3.9
92
3.5
32
4.8
84
3.5
96
3.6
73
3.3
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Vietnam
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
11.6
10.6
9.8
9.7
9.7
9.3
8.8
7.9
5.9
4.8
3.5
2.2
2.1
2.1
1.3
0.5
12
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Vietnam
Rank / 138
Value
82
97
92
59
47
104
92
58
82
88
72
69
88
72
68
75
82
84
122
129
102
101
3.8
4.0
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.3
3.5
3.3
2.9
3.2
3.5
3.5
3.8
5.2
4.7
4.9
4.2
3.6
3.6
4.0
3.7
4.5
79
3.9
85
89
52
77
86
29
85
40
99
3.6
3.5
3.1
3.8
4.1
1194.7
4.4
130.6
6.3
77
4.5
116
24
1
87
71
-6.5
29.0
0.6
59.3
65
5.8
24
39
102
103
85
108
83
56
92
30
24.9
4.7
140.0
4.5
0.5
4.5
17.3
75.6
3.4
98.0
83
4.1
70
83
76
78
122
71
110
70
92.5
30.5
3.6
3.9
3.4
4.2
3.7
3.9
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
81
80
71
89
75
75
116
103
58
108
91
88
94
103
8
109
62
4.2
5.0
3.6
3.5
3.6
39.4
10
20.0
3.9
3.9
7.9
4.2
4.2
3.5
94.7
4.1
3.5
63
79
84
42
104
76
62
106
87
74
24
78
82
61
56
83
43
117
102
28
92
106
78
83
73
75
85
91
32
4.3
4.3
4.8
4.1
24.6
3.8
4.0
3.6
3.2
3.3
0.92
3.9
4.1
3.9
3.8
3.6
3.2
3.8
3.8
7
3.5
4.1
4.4
4.2
52.7
8.1
24.4
39.0
4.8
35
25
35
11
4.5
5.8
552.3
90.4
96
86
109
53
92
112
72
91
99
111
3.6
4.3
3.7
3.9
3.1
3.3
3.6
3.5
4.1
3.3
73
79
98
49
79
27
84
95
Trend
3.3
4.0
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.8
3.8
0.2
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Yemen 138
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
28.3
36.9
1302.9
0.07
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2016-17
138
2.7
Rank
140 / 144
145 / 148
142 / 144
138 / 138
138
2.7
Score
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.7
137
2.6
136
1.8
138
2.0
117
4.6
136
2.7
136
2.3
131
3.6
137
3.1
138
2.1
136
2.2
89
3.2
136
2.7
129
3.2
138
2.2
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
6
5
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Yemen
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
16.3
14.4
13.1
12.6
12.3
8.8
5.8
4.7
3.3
2.0
1.9
1.6
1.3
1.0
1.0
0.0
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Yemen
Value
137
132
137
132
112
137
128
126
132
100
128
118
131
138
131
126
135
127
138
137
131
101
2.6
3.0
2.3
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.3
2.1
1.8
3.1
2.6
2.7
3.0
2.1
2.6
3.2
2.2
3.0
2.5
3.3
3.1
4.5
136
1.8
N/Appl.
N/Appl.
135
129
120
137
137
138
129
105
138
2.1
2.5
2.6
2.2
0.6
1.2
68.0
4.7
2.0
131
135
135
101
136
-10.8
-3.9
30.0
68.6
117
4.6
44
46
70
94
1
77
108
117
137
123
1756.8
4.3
48.0
4.9
0.1
5.3
33.8
63.8
2.1
84.8
136
2.3
117
116
138
136
136
137
135
135
48.6
10.0
2.0
2.2
2.7
1.7
2.8
3.0
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
131
125
132
130
109
53
54
124
123
121
81
138
128
134
88
125
132
3.6
4.3
2.7
2.6
3.1
33.1
6
40.0
3.1
3.7
6.4
2.2
3.3
2.8
35.6
3.9
2.3
137
3.1
113
48
97
112
113
118
136
135
131
129
3.9
5.3
3.4
27.4
3.2
3.3
2.8
1.9
2.0
0.36
138
2.1
136
130
137
135
138
132
138
136
136
136
136
135
103
104
131
133
89
2.5
2.6
2.1
2.0
1.6
3.1
1.8
0
2.2
2.9
3.3
2.8
25.1
1.5
2.5
5.9
3.2
77
127
82
137
3.3
3.1
75.5
5.8
129
49
137
126
126
135
75
133
133
59
3.2
4.7
2.7
2.9
2.5
2.7
3.5
2.5
3.4
3.8
138
136
138
137
138
135
132
121
Trend
2.2
3.1
1.8
2.2
1.9
2.3
2.8
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Zambia 118
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
16.2
1350.2
21.9
0.06
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
118
3.6
Rank
102 / 144
93 / 148
96 / 144
96 / 140
118 / 138
118
3.7
Score
3.8
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.6
61
4.0
125
2.4
109
4.0
125
4.2
115
3.5
120
3.0
83
4.2
90
4.0
84
3.8
115
2.8
88
3.2
88
3.4
105
3.5
66
3.3
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Zambia
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
18.3
13.6
12.0
10.1
7.8
5.7
5.2
5.2
4.7
4.1
3.8
2.8
2.7
1.9
1.1
1.0
10
15
20
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Zambia
Value
61
53
64
74
68
96
67
87
48
47
49
58
53
37
67
63
112
48
109
54
58
79
4.0
4.5
4.2
3.4
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.8
3.6
3.7
4.1
3.6
4.4
5.8
4.7
5.0
3.4
4.2
3.9
5.0
4.2
5.3
125
2.4
100
85
74
128
121
107
120
125
126
3.3
3.5
2.6
2.2
3.2
38.5
2.5
74.5
0.7
109
4.0
124
19
128
78
90
-8.1
31.1
10.1
52.9
125
4.2
57 20990.6
53
3.9
133
406.0
111
4.3
132
12.4
123
3.9
120
43.3
124
60.0
100
3.3
112
87.4
120
132
136
53
96
95
107
63
77
3.0
37.0
2.2
4.1
3.6
3.8
3.6
4.4
3.8
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
83
63
73
99
88
11
54
46
66
57
114
11
35
102
82
98
124
4.2
5.2
3.6
3.3
3.4
18.6
6
7.5
3.8
4.5
10.6
5.6
5.1
3.5
37.0
4.3
2.7
90
73
52
34
132
88
93
73
65
39
46
84
88
117
64
94
116
109
69
28
115
102
100
76
110
126
125
119
88
4.0
4.3
5.2
4.3
50.5
3.7
3.7
4.2
3.5
3.9
0.87
3.8
4.0
3.0
3.7
3.4
2.2
4.1
4.3
7
2.8
4.1
4.2
4.3
21.0
0.1
3.2
13.8
3.2
89
94
91
92
3.0
3.9
62.7
28.8
105
81
126
68
119
111
120
122
91
47
3.5
4.4
3.5
3.7
2.7
3.4
2.9
2.9
4.2
4.0
66
84
85
78
60
42
59
115
Trend
3.3
3.9
3.6
3.2
3.5
3.6
4.1
0.0
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Zimbabwe 126
Key Indicators, 2015
th
/ 138
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April 2016)
Population (millions)
13.4
1064.3
14.3
0.03
Performance overview
Rank / 138 Score (1-7) Trend Distance from best
Edition
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
126
3.4
Rank
132 / 144
131 / 148
124 / 144
125 / 140
126 / 138
120
3.6
Score
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.4
108
3.3
123
2.5
101
4.1
119
4.6
132
3.1
115
3.2
132
3.5
127
3.4
126
3.1
120
2.7
117
2.7
129
2.9
130
3.2
129
2.6
1st pillar:
Institutions
12th pillar:
Innovation
6
5
11th pillar:
Business
sophistication
3rd pillar:
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
10th pillar:
Market size
4th pillar:
Health and primary
education
9th pillar:
Technological
readiness
5th pillar:
Higher education
and training
8th pillar:
Financial market
development
Zimbabwe
2nd pillar:
Infrastructure
7th pillar:
Labor market
efciency
6th pillar:
Goods market
efciency
Sub-Saharan Africa
24.6
14.5
12.7
11.2
10.1
6.4
5.1
5.1
3.3
2.4
1.8
1.3
0.8
0.5
0.1
0.0
14
21
28
Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the ve most problematic factors for doing business in their country
and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
Zimbabwe
Value
108
137
97
109
134
99
115
133
127
130
83
112
112
5
65
41
108
108
50
83
73
73
3.3
2.6
3.6
2.7
1.6
3.4
2.9
1.9
2.1
2.4
3.4
2.7
3.5
6.4
4.8
5.5
3.5
3.4
4.9
4.7
4.0
5.5
123
2.5
111
101
83
106
107
121
124
115
111
3.1
3.2
2.3
3.2
3.6
23.2
2.3
84.8
2.2
101
4.1
26
136
109
79
137
-1.2
-4.3
-2.4
53.0
119
4.6
48
35
123
113
134
120
122
129
50
119
6559.2
4.9
278.0
4.3
16.7
3.9
46.6
57.5
4.4
85.9
115
3.2
118
127
51
64
102
116
86
90
47.6
5.9
4.1
4.3
3.8
3.4
4.1
3.7
Trend
Rank / 138
Value
132
90
112
92
115
50
108
137
137
70
133
106
138
131
75
117
115
3.5
4.8
3.2
3.4
3.0
32.8
9
90.0
2.3
4.4
14.6
4.0
2.2
3.0
39.8
4.0
2.8
127
3.4
108
134
134
136
53
123
42
129
124
36
4.0
2.9
2.3
82.3
4.1
3.3
4.7
2.4
2.3
0.89
126
3.1
126
137
102
125
137
128
95
68
120
3.4
2.2
3.0
2.8
1.7
3.3
3.8
5
2.7
108
115
134
123
107
114
90
4.0
3.9
2.8
16.4
1.1
6.4
39.0
117
2.7
114
122
115
100
2.5
3.4
28.1
24.7
130
126
123
134
124
134
136
131
124
89
3.2
3.7
3.6
2.7
2.5
2.8
2.6
2.6
3.7
3.6
129
129
110
132
134
137
118
101
Trend
2.6
3.3
3.2
2.4
2.5
2.1
3.2
0.1
Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless indicated otherwise. Trend lines depict evolution in values since the 2012-2013 edition (or earliest edition available). For detailed
denitions, sources, and periods, consult the interactive Country/Economy Proles and Rankings at http://gcr.weforum.org/
Pillar 2: Infrastructure
2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure
How do you assess the general state of infrastructure (e.g.,
transport, communications, and energy) in your country? [1 =
extremely underdevelopedamong the worst in the world; 7 =
extensive and efficientamong the best in the world] | 201516
weighted average
Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For
more details, refer to Chapter 1.3 of this Report
3.03 Inflation
Annual percent change in consumer price index (year average) |
2015 or most recent year available
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook
Database (April 2016 edition)
Silja Baller
Silja Baller is Practice Lead for Competitiveness and
Innovation with the Forums Global Competitiveness
and Risks Team. She is co-author and co-editor of The
Global Information Technology Report, co-author of The
Global Competitiveness Report, and leads the Europe
Competitiveness and Inclusive Growth Lab. Her areas of
expertise include the economics of international trade,
digital economy questions, industrial organization, and
competition policy. Prior to joining the Forum, she held
economist positions at the World Bank, the World Health
Organization, and in the London Economics practice of
PricewaterhouseCoopers. She holds a BA in Economics
from the University of Cambridge; a DEA in International
Economics from the Graduate Institute of International
Studies, Geneva; and an MPhil and DPhil (PhD) in
Economics from the University of Oxford.
Attilio Di Battista
Attilio Di Battista is a Quantitative Economist with the
Global Competitiveness and Risks Team at the World
Economic Forum. He works on the development and
computation of a range of indexes and is a co-author
of various studies, including The Global Information
Technology Report 2016 and The Africa Competitiveness
Report 2015. His areas of expertise include international
trade and competitiveness, institutions and development,
investment flows, and financial stability. Prior to joining
the Forum, he worked at the International Trade Centre
(UNCTAD/WTO) on export strategy, policy, and trade
competitiveness analysis. He has a Bachelors degree in
International and Diplomatic Sciences from Universit degli
Studi di Trieste in Gorizia and a Master in International
Economics from the Graduate Institute of International and
Development Studies in Geneva.
Ciara Browne
Ciara Browne is Head of Partnerships with the Global
Competitiveness and Risks Team at the World Economic
Forum, where her responsibilities include managing
partnershipsincluding institutional and corporate
partnershipsand outreach for both competitiveness
and risks reports. Ms Browne also oversees the process
of implementing the Executive Opinion Survey, which
is conducted worldwide and completed by over 15,000
business executives. Ms Browne is involved in the
production process of the Teams reports and works
closely with the Forums media team in conveying the
findings of the various competitiveness and risks reports
to the media and the public. Before joining the Forum, she
served for several years with the International Organization
for Migration, where she worked for a mass claims
processing program. She has a BA (Hons) degree from
the University of Manchester (UK).
Roberto Crotti
Roberto Crotti is an Economist with the Global
Competitiveness and Risk Team at the World Economic
Forum. His responsibilities include the computation,
analysis, and management of indexes of competitiveness,
including those for The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness
Report and The Global Competitiveness Report. His main
areas of expertise are applied quantitative methods for
policy evaluation, economic growth, and development
economics. Prior to joining the Forum, he worked as an
analyst in the private consulting sector. Mr Crotti holds
a five-year degree in Economics/Economic Policy from
Universit Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan, Italy, and an
MA in Economics from Boston University. He is currently
pursuing his doctorate in Development Economics at the
Graduate Institute of International Studies (Geneva).
Xavier Sala-i-Martn
Xavier Sala-i-Martn is a Professor in the Department of
Economics at Columbia University. He was previously
an Associate Professor at the Department of Economics
at Yale University and a Visiting Professor at Universitat
Pompeum Fabra. His research interests include economic
growth, macroeconomics, public finance and social
security, health and population economics, monetary
economics, poverty, inequality, estimation of the world
distribution of income, and measuring competitiveness.
He is a consultant on growth and competitiveness for
a number of countries, international institutions, and
corporations. Professor Sala-i-Martn is a Research
Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research.
He earned his MA and PhD, both in Economics, from
Harvard University. He collaborates closely with the World
Economic Forum in his capacity as Chief Advisor to the
Global Competitiveness Report.
Stphanie Verin
Stphanie Verin is Community Specialist with the Global
Competitiveness and Risks Team at the World Economic
Forum, where she is responsible for managing the network
of Partner Institutes worldwide and driving the Executive
Opinion Survey process. Her project management
responsibilities include the digital transformation journey
and the communication of The Global Competitiveness
Reportand related benchmarking studiesin close
collaboration with the media teams. Before joining the
Forum, Ms Verin worked for blue chip multinational
companies such as Kelloggs, Mondelz International, and
Nissan. Holder of a Master in Business Administration with
a specialization in marketing innovation, she is recognized
as a fast-track brand and project manager with experience
in driving international commercial and marketing strategic
campaigns.
The Global Competitiveness Report 20162017 comes out in the context of persistent slow
growth despite unorthodox monetary policy and a near-term outlook that is fraught with
renewed uncertainty fueled by continued geopolitical turmoil, financial market fragility, and
sustained high debt levels in emerging markets.
On the bright side, tremendous promise for higher economic growth and societal progress
dawns with the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Based on digital platforms, the Fourth Industrial
Revolution is characterized by a convergence of technologies that is blurring the lines
between the physical, digital, and biological spheres.
Yet, as indicated in this Report, progress in building an enabling environment for innovation
remains the advantage of only a few economies and, since innovation and openness go hand
in hand, future growth will also depend on the ability to safeguard the benefits of openness to
trade and investment.
Against this background, the Report serves as a critical reminder of the role competitiveness
is called to play in both solving the worlds international macroeconomic challenges and
laying the ground for future prosperity.
Produced in collaboration with leading academics and a global network of Partner Institutes,
The Global Competitiveness Report 20162017 offers users a unique dataset of a broad
array of competitiveness indicators for 138 economies. The data used in the Report are
obtained from leading international sources as well as from the World Economic Forums
annual Executive Opinion Survey, a distinctive source that captures the perspectives of more
than 14,000 business leaders on topics related to national competitiveness.
The Report presents the rankings of the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI). The GCI is
based on 12 pillars that provide a comprehensive picture of the competitiveness landscape
the set of institutions, policies, and factors that determine the level of productivity of an
economyin countries around the world at different stages of economic development.
Detailed profiles highlighting competitive strengths and weaknesses for each of the 138
economies included in the Index as well as the interactive data platform are available at
www.weforum.org/gcr.