Rectification:
Rectifiers are classified into two categories.
Uncontrolled
Controlled
Uncontrolled Rectifiers:
o Uses or built with diodes.
o Subdivided into two; (half wave and full-wave
Controlled Rectifiers:
o Subdivided into semi-controlled rectifiers and fully-controlled rectifiers.
o Fully controlled rectifiers uses only SCRs
o Both diodes and SCRs are used in Semi-controlled rectifiers
DC-DC CONVERTERS
DC-AC CONVERTERS
Converter that changes a DC voltage to an
alternating voltage is called an inverter.
Built with controllable switches
Typical applications:
AC Drives
UPS
Frequency Inverter
AC-AC CONVERTERS
Also known as
cycloconverter or cycloinverter
Uses SCRs
Typical Applications;
Washing Machines
Nuclear Reactor Control Rod
Welding
Food Mixers
Oil Well Drilling
Paper Mills
APPLICATIONS OF PE
Air Conditioning
Aircraft Power Supplies
Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Electric Power Systems
Battery Charger
Elevators
Games
Laser Power Supplies
Machine Tools
Motor Control
CHAPTER 2
Wednesday, August 06, 2014
P-E-S CONT
Operate as Switches Not as Amplifiers
Operate in Saturation Region
Turns ON/OFF By Control ActionControllable by Current/Voltage- Or
Uncontrollable
SWITCHES
Power Diodes
Thyristor & Triac
Controllable Switches
DIODES
P-N Junction Device
Blocks voltage when Reverse Biased
Conducts when Forward Biased
10
Terminology Related to
Characteristics of Power Diode
Forward Voltage
Breakdown Voltage
PIV
Reverse Current
Forward Recovery Time
Reverse Recovery Time
11
12
DATA SHEET
Repetitive Peak Inverse Voltage
Current Ratings
Average current
RMS current
Peak current
13
THYRISTORS
14
THYRISTORS
G
A
C
I
15
CHARACTERISTIC OF THYRISTOR
16
Latching Current
Holding Current
Break-over Voltage
Gate Current
Reverse Break-over Voltage
Forward Blocking
Forward conducting
Wednesday, August 06, 2014
17
VL
IL
IL
~
IG
R Load
Wednesday, August 06, 2014
R- L Load
18
T1
Vs
T2
IG
R-Load
19
20
CONTROLLABLE SWITCHES
21
TRANSISTORS
Bipolar Junction Transistor BJT
Metal-Oxide Semi Conductor Field Effect
Transistor MOSFET
Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor IGBT
22
MOSFET
Voltage Controlled
Apply small voltage 15V between Gate
and Source-Turns ON MOSFET
Apply zero voltage-Turns OFF the Device
D
D- Drain
G- Gate
G
S- Source
S
Wednesday, August 06, 2014
23
24
IGBT
C O
G- Gate
C- Collector
E- Emitter
G
+
E-
25
26
27
28
SERIES CONNECTION
Two 1200 V thyristors are series
connected and 2000 V is connected
across them. The forward blocking
characteristic of T1 has a slope of 16.7 u
A/V, T2 has a slope of 12.5 u A/V.
1. Show how will they share the voltage
2. Voltage equalizing resistor of 6800 OHM are now
connected across each T. Compute the voltage
across each T and the power dissipation in the
equalizing resistor.
Wednesday, August 06, 2014
29
PARALLEL CONNECTION
Carry an equal currents due to different
on-state characteristics.
Result in increased heat.
Cause switch failure.
30
CALCULATIONS
31