Non-Hydrocarbon Fats
1. Fatrs are non-hydrocarbons which contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
2. Fats (lipids / triglycerides) and oils are esters formed from fatty acids and glycerol (through
esterification).
3. Fats found in animals and they are solids at room temperature. Fats found in plants are
called oils and they are liquid at room temperature.
4. Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with long carbon chains which contain 12 to 18 carbon
atoms per molecule.
Palmitic acid, CH3(CH2)14COOH
Oleic acid, CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
5. Glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) is an alcohol that contains three hydroxyl groups (-OH) per
molecule.
Lauric acid*
Palmitic acid*
Stearic acid*
Oleic oxide **
Linoleic
acid***
Linolenic
acid***
CH3(CH2)10COOH
CH3(CH2)14COOH
CH3(CH2)16COOH
CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
Types of
fatty acids
Saturated
Saturated
Saturated
Unsaturated
Unsaturated
CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH Unsaturated
Saturated
C-C single bonds
single
higher
animals
high
solid
Unsaturated
C=C double bonds
double
lower
plants
low
liquid
Fats (plant) are called oils. Oils are liquids at room temperature.
Example: olive oil, peanut oil, palm oil and bran oil
Saturated fats are formed when glycerol reacts with saturated fatty acids.
Unsaturated fats are formed when glycerol reacts with unsaturated fatty acids.
obesity
raise the level of cholesterol
deposition will cause block the flow of blood which lead to stroke and heart attack.
It is extracted from fresh oil palm fruits (palm oil and palm kernel oil).
Palm oil extracted from the pulp of the fruits.