SWITCH L3 VS SWITCH L2

T gc tnh nng hot ng hoc t m hnh tham chiu, em ng rng

Router v Switch L3 tng t nhau, v chng u c th hot ng lp Network, v
c th chuyn gi qua li gia cc phn on mng khc nhau.
Tuy nhin v mt x l th hai loi thit b ny c ch khc bit, router c ch
to ra routing, cn L3 switch c ch to ra switching.
Router v L3 switch u s dng cc giao thc nh tuyn v bng nh tuyn
xc nh ng i ti u nht.
Khc bit c bn v mt ni ti chnh l L3 switch c kh nng ti lp li cc
thng s x l ca phn cng tng ng vi cc thng tin nh tuyn ang cn s
dng c th x l thng tin vi tc ti u. Cc thng tin c ti nhn t cc
giao thc nh tuyn c L3 switch s dng cp nht cc bng cache lu tr trong
phn cng ca n, gip vic x l cc gi tin L3 sau c thc hin gn nh c
ch chuyn tip da trn MAC L2.
Tm gn li, L3 switch d c kh nng routing nh Router nhng n s dng
phn cng c ti u ha (vi chp ASIC) chuyn tip vi tc nhanh nh L2
switch. Trong mi trng LAN th L3 swich gn nh x l nhanh hn router nhiu v
n hot ng trn phn cng h tr mnh cho switching.
i ngc li, chnh v l do s dng phn cng ti u ha cho switching. Ls
switch khng d dng ty bin (k c thay i h iu hnh) x l c nhiu tc
v xen k trong qu trnh x l nh tuyn nh router. y chnh l l do m a phn
cc L3 switch khng h tr can thip vo gi IP thc hin cc thay i cn thit
phi c (v d vi qu trnh NAT/PAT).
Tuy rng cc router ln hin nay cng bt u s dng chp ASIC x l nh
tuyn nhng do mi trng mc tiu khc nhau, h iu hnh v c ch hot ng
cng c thit k khc nhau tng ng nn nu ch xem xt v mt hiu nng chuyn
tip gi tin thun ty th cng khng th so snh vi L3 switch c.

Cc thit v L4-L7 switch, khc vi L3 switch, h tr nhiu tnh nng can thip
vo gi tin trong qu trnh routing, switching. Cc thit k phn cng ny vn cn ti
u ha cho tc v switching nn rt phc tp, rt mc tin.
L2 SWITCH
Trong cc h thng mng thng dng shared Ethernet, thit b hub thng c
dng. Nhiu host s c kt ni nh mt vng broadcast v min xung t
(collision). Ni cch khc cc thit b shared Ethernet hot ng lp 1.
Mi host lc ny phi chia s bng thng sn c cho tt c cc host khc ang kt
ni vo hub. Khi c mt hoc nhiu host c gng truyn mt thi im, xung t s
xy ra, lc ny cc host phi lui v v ch mt khong thi gian truyn li. C ch
ny p t kiu hot ng half-duplex cho cc host, ngha l cc host hoc l truyn,
hoc l nhn mt thi im. Thm vo , khi mt host gi ra mt frame, tt c cc
host s nghe frame .
mc c bn nht c th hiu rng, mt Ethernet switch s tch cc host kt ni
vo n theo nhng cch sau:
Mi collision s c gii hn li, trn tng switchport, mi collision domain s
bao gm chnh cng ca switch v bao gm cc thit b kt ni vo cng switch.
Thit b kt ni ny c th l mt host hoc l mt hub khc. Cc host c th hot ng
full-duplex bi v khng c s cnh tranh trn ng truyn. Cc host c th truyn
v nhn ti cng mt thi im. Lc ny bng thng khng cn phi chia s, thay vo
mi switchport mt phn bng thng dnh ring trn switch fabric t cng ny n
cng kia. Cc kt ni ny lun bin ng. Li trong cc frame s khng c truyn,
thay vo , cc frame nhn c trn tng cng s c kim tra li. Cc frame tt s
c ti to khi n tip tc c chuyn i. C ch ny c gi l store-and-forward.
Ta c th gii hn broadcast lu lng n mt mc cho trc. Switch c th h tr
cc kiu lc thng minh.
HOT NG CA CC MULTIPLAYER SWITCH
Cc Catalyst switch, chng hn nh 3560, 4500, 6500 c th y cc frame da
trn thng tin L3 v L4 cha trong gi tin. Tin trnh ny c gi l chuyn mch a

tng (Multiplayer switching MLS). Mt cc t nhin, tin trnh L2 switching cng

phi c thc hin v suy cho cng, cc giao thc lp cao hn vn phi cha trong
cc Ethernet frame.
Cc kiu MLS:
Route-caching: Kiu cng ngh ny i hi v mt phn cng phi trang b thm
mt route processor RP v mt switch engine SE. RP phi x l gi tin u tin ca
mt dng cc lu lng tm ra a ch ch. SE sau s lng nghe c gi tin u
tin v a ch ch cn ch, sau to ra mt ng i tt trong cache. SE sau s
y cc gi tin k tip trong cng mt dng lu lng da trn thng tin trong cache.
Kiu hot ng MLS ny cn c gi l netflow LAN Switching, flow-based hoc
route once, switch many. Ngay c khi ngy nay kiu chuyn mch ny khng c
dng trong cc Catalyst switch, k thut ny vn c dng to ra cc thng tin v
dng lu lng v cc thng tin thng k.
Topology-based: Th h th hai ca MLS s dng cc phn cng chuyn dng.
Cc thng tin nh tuyn lp 3 s c xy dng v a vo mt c s d liu v ton
b s mng. C s d liu ny, bn cht s c km theo mt c ch tm kim
bng phn cng rt hiu qu, s c tham kho sao cho cc gi tin c th c y i
tc rt cao. Khi c mt so trng di nht c tm thy (longest match), kt qu
ny s c dng. Khi cu trc mng thay i, database cha trong phn cng ny
cng s c cp nht ng trong thi gian rt ngn. Kiu MLS ny c gi l Cisco
Express Forwarding CEF. Mt tin trnh nh tuyn chy trn phn cng ca switch s
download bng nh tuyn thng thng vo trong bng FIB.
http://www.vuson.tk/2013/04/so-sanh-su-khac-nhau-giua-switch-layer.html