Key Terms

Meaning

Biodiversity

Biodiversity is the variability among living organisms from all

sources, including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems and
the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity
within species, between species, and of ecosystems.
Biodiversity forms the foundation of the vast array of ecosystem
services that critically contribute to human well-being.
Biodiversity is important in human-managed as well as natural
ecosystems.
http://www.greenfacts.org/en/biodiversity/l-3/1-define-biodiversity.htm

Biotechnology

Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop

or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological
systems, living organisms or derivatives thereof, to make or modify
products or processes for specific use"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology

Deport

Deport mean to remove by authority from a state or country.

implies compulsory removal from a country not necessarily one's own.
may imply compulsory removal or an enforced or voluntary absence
from one's own country
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/deport

Geneva Convention

The Geneva Conventions is a body of Public International Law, also

known as the Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflicts, whose purpose is to
provide minimum protections, standards of humane treatment, and
fundamental guarantees of respect to individuals who become victims of
armed conflicts. The Geneva Conventions are a series of treaties,
between on the treatment of civilians, prisoners of war (POWs) and
soldiers who are otherwise rendered hors de combat, or incapable of
fighting. The first Convention was initiated by the International
Committee for Relief to the Wounded (which became the International
Committee for the Red Cross and Red Crescent). This convention
produced a treaty designed to protect wounded and sick soldiers during
wartime. The Swiss Government agreed to hold the Conventions in
Geneva, and a few years later, a similar agreement to protect
shipwrecked soldiers was produced. In 1949, after World War II, two
new Conventions were added to the original two, and all four were
ratified by a number of countries. The 1949 versions of the Conventions,
along with two additional Protocols, are in force today.
https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/geneva_conventions

Intellectual
Property

Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind, such as

inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and
images used in commerce. IP is protected in law by, for
example:patents, copyright and trademarks, which enable people to
earn recognition or financial benefit from what they invent or create. By
striking the right balance between the interests of innovators and the
wider public interest, the IP system aims to foster an environment in
which
creativity
and
innovation
can
flourish.http://www.wipo.int/about-ip/en/

Maquiladora

Maquiladora is a manufacturing operation, where factories import

certain material and equipment on a duty-free and tariff-free basis for
assembly, processing, or manufacturing and then export the assembled,
processed and/or manufactured products, sometimes back to the raw
materials' country of origin. They are an example of special economic
zones as seen in many countries.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maquiladora

Prisoner of
Conscience

prisoners of conscience are the people who have been jailed

because of their political, religious or other conscientiously-held
beliefs, ethnic origin, sex, color, language, national or social origin,
economic status, birth, sexual orientation or other status, provided
that they have neither used nor advocated violence.
http://www.amnestyusa.org/our-work/issues/prisoners-and-peopleat-risk/prisoners-of-conscience

Reconciliation

Reconciliation is an accounting process that uses two sets of records to

ensure figures are accurate and in agreement. Reconciliation is the key
process used to determine whether the money leaving an account
matches the amount spent, ensuring the two values are balanced at the
end of the recording period.
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/reconciliation.asp

Refugee

Refugee is a person who is forced to flee from persecution and who is

located outside of their home country.

http://ccrweb.ca/en/glossary

Tariff

A tax imposed on imported goods and services. Tariffs are used to

restrict trade, as they increase the price of imported goods and services,
making them more expensive to consumers. A specific tariff is levied as
a fixed fee based on the type of item (e.g., $1,000 on any car). An
ad-valorem tariff is levied based on the items value. Tariffs provide
additional revenue for governments and domestic producers at the
expense of consumers and foreign producers. They are one of several
tools available to shape trade policy.
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tariff.asp

Peacekeeping

Peacekeeping refers to activities that tend to create conditions that favor

lasting peace.Within the United Nations (UN) group of nation-state
governments and organizations, there is a general understanding that at
the international level, peacekeepers monitor and observe peace
processes in post-conflict areas, and may assist ex-combatants in
implementing peace agreement commitments that they have
undertaken. Such assistance may come in many forms, including
confidence-building measures, power-sharing arrangements, electoral
support, strengthening the rule of law, and economic and social
development.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peacekeeping

Peacemaking

Peacemaking is practical conflict transformation focused upon

establishing equitable power relationships robust enough to forestall
future conflict, often including the establishment of means of agreeing on
ethical decisions within a community, or among parties, that had
previously engaged in inappropriate (i.e. violent) responses to conflict.
Peacemaking seeks to achieve full reconciliation among adversaries
and new mutual understanding among parties and stakeholders.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peacemaking

Peace Enforcement

refers to the deployment of national or, more commonly, multinational

forces for the purpose of helping to control and resolve an actual or
potential armed conflict between or within states. Most peacekeeping
operations are undertaken with the authorization of, and are often led
by, the United Nations (UN) but regional organizations may also conduct
peacekeeping operations, and in some cases single states have
undertaken such operations as well. Peacekeeping forces are normally
deployed with the consent of the parties to a conflict and in support of a
ceasefire or other agreed upon peace measures.
https://pesd.princeton.edu/?q=node/259

Non Governmental
Organization (NGO)

A non-governmental organization (NGO) is any non-profit, voluntary

citizens' group which is organized on a local, national or international
level. Task-oriented and driven by people with a common interest,
NGOs perform a variety of service and humanitarian functions, bring
citizen concerns to Governments, advocate and monitor policies and
encourage political particpation through provision of information. Some
are organized around specific issues, such as human rights,
environment or health. They provide analysis and expertise, serve as
early warning mechanisms and help monitor and implement international
agreements. Their relationship with offices and agencies of the United
Nations system differs depending on their goals, their venue and the
mandate of a particular institution.
http://www.ngo.org/ngoinfo/define.html

Global Village

global village is the idea that people are connected by easy travel, mass
media and electronic communications, and have become a single
community.
http://www.yourdictionary.com/global-village