Lte TDD User Guide

>> LTE TDD
User Guide
version 5.4
Copyright 2012
Mentum S.A. All rights reserved.
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Last updated February 21, 2012
Contents
>> LTE TDDUser Guide
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
Organization of this user guide
Using this documentation
User documentation updates
Online Help
Documentation library
Notational conventions
Textual conventions
Contacting Mentum
Getting technical support
Send us your comments
CHAPTER 2 Defining network settings
Understanding network settings
10
Technology types
10
Carriers
10
Modulations
10
Frame Setup
11
Hard Handover
13
Base station types
13
Workflow for defining network settings
14
Defining network settings
15
To define network settings
15
To define frame configurations
16
CHAPTER 3 Configuring and placing sites
17
LTE TDD User Guide i
Workflow for configuring and placing sites
18
Using site templates
19
To create a site template
19
To rename a site template
20
To set the site template as active
20
To view a site template
20
To delete a site template
20
Understanding sites and sectors
21
General site parameters
23
General sector parameters
23
Custom user data
23
Link parameters
24
Implementation parameters
24
Configuration parameters
25
Power parameters
25
Neighbor list
25
Antenna Systems
25
Placing sites automatically
27
Determining site placement in the Basic mode
27
Determining site placement in the Advanced mode
28
To place sites in Basic mode
30
To place sites in Advanced mode
32
Defining link configurations
34
Losses and gains
34
To define link configurations
37
To view or hide unassigned link configurations
37
Creating and editing sites
38
To create a new site
38
To edit site parameters
38
ii LTE TDD User Guide
To create a new site based on an existing site

CHAPTER 4 Adding repeaters
40
47
Understanding repeaters
48
Types of repeater implementations
49
Using split sectors
49
Using distributed antenna systems
50
Repeaters and predictions
50
Workflow for adding repeaters to sectors
51
Adding repeaters to sectors
52
To add repeaters to sectors
52
Locating repeaters in a Map window
60
To locate repeaters in a Map window
60
CHAPTER 5 Defining subscribers
61
Understanding subscribers
62
Workflow for creating subscriber types
63
Defining subscriber equipment types
64
LTE bearers
64
To define subscriber equipment types
64
Defining subscriber services
66
To define subscriber services
66
Defining subscriber types
67
Example
67
To define subscriber types
68
Defining environment settings
70
To define environment settings
72
Creating a fixed subscriber database
74
To create a fixed subscriber table
74
LTE TDD User Guide iii
CHAPTER 6 Working with TDD de-synchronization interference

matrices
75
Creating TDD de-synchronization interference matrices
76
To create a TDD de-synchronization interference matrix
76
CHAPTER 7 Generating network analyses
78
Understanding network analyses
79
Workflow for generating an analysis
80
Defining default analysis layers
81
To define default analysis layers
81
Defining default analysis settings
99
To define default analysis settings
99
Creating and generating a network analysis
100
To create and generate a network analysis
100
Generating an existing analysis
107
To generate an existing analysis
107
Viewing analysis layers
108
To view analysis layers
108
Generating multiple analyses
109
To generate multiple analyses
109
Deleting analyses
110
To delete analyses
110
Recoloring best serving sector layers
111
To recolor best serving sector layers
111
Examining layer statistics
112
CHAPTER 8 Generating Monte Carlo simulations
113
Understanding Monte Carlo simulations
114
The phases of a Monte Carlo simulation
114
Placing subscribers in a random pattern
115
iv LTE TDD User Guide
Sorting subscribers by priority
115
Analyzing the downlink and uplink
115
Generating operating points and subscriber information
116
Defining the number of Monte Carlo runs
117
Convergence method
117
Level of Convergence calculation
117
Factors affecting the required number of runs
119
Understanding Monte Carlo simulation layers
121
Workflow for generating a Monte Carlo simulation
123
Defining default Monte Carlo simulation settings
124
To define default Monte Carlo simulation settings
124
Creating and generating a Monte Carlo simulation
125
To create and generate a new Monte Carlo simulation
125
Generating an existing Monte Carlo simulation
128
To generate an existing simulation
128
Viewing simulation layers
129
To view simulation layers
129
Deleting simulation layers
130
To delete simulation layers
130
Updating analysis cell loads with Monte Carlo results
131
To update analysis cell loads
131
132
To calculate layer statistics
133
Creating reports
137
To create reports
137
CHAPTER 9 Generating fixed subscriber analyses
140
Understanding fixed subscriber analyses
141
Before you generate an analysis
141
LTE TDD User Guide v
How the analysis is performed
142
Editing fixed subscribers
143
To edit fixed subscribers using the Subscriber Editor
143
Generating and viewing a fixed subscriber analysis
144
To generate a fixed subscriber analysis
144
To view analysis results
145
Analyzing a single fixed subscriber
146
To analyze a single subscriber
146
CHAPTER 10 Generating frequency And physical cell ID plans

automatically
147
CHAPTER 11 Planning PRACHRoot Sequences
153
Understanding PRACH root sequence planning
154
Workflow for PRACH Root Sequence planning
155
Defining PRACH-related parameters
156
To define PRACH-related parameters
156
Defining PRACH-related network settings
157
To define PRACH-related network settings
157
Displaying PRACH root sequence assignments
158
To display PRACH root sequence assignments
158
CHAPTER 12 Optimizing Network Design
161
Using optimization goals
162
Creating optimization profiles
163
To create an optimization profile for LTE goals
163
To create an optimization profile with goals for disparate technologies
166
To create an optimization profile for cdma2000 goals
167
vi LTE TDD User Guide
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
The user guides provided with Mentum Planet are intended to provide you with
the information required to successfully use the software in your day-to-day
activities. Additional resources including online Help and Technical Notes are
also available.
This chapter covers the following topics:
Contacting Mentum
LTE TDD User Guide 1
Chapter 1

This user guide contains information specific to the technology you are using. It does
not contain information on the RF principles behind designing a communication
network for a specific technology. Instead, it focuses on the steps in the overall
Mentum Planet workflow that are technology specific and provides additional
information on technology-specific parameters. You should use this guide in tandem
with the Mentum Planet User Guide, which details steps in the workflow that are
common to all technologies.
Each chapter in this guide provides details about how to perform a step in the
planning process and explains how it relates to the other steps. Before you begin,
you should read the Understanding... sections in each chapter for an overview of
the planning process.
2 LTE TDD User Guide
Introduction

Before using this documentation, you should be familiar with the Windows
environment. It is assumed that you are using the standard Windows desktop,
and that you know how to access ToolTips and shortcut menus, move and copy
objects, select multiple objects using the Shift or Ctrl key, resize dialog boxes,
expand and collapse folder trees. It is also assumed that you are familiar with
the basic functions of MapInfo Professional . MapInfo Professional functions
are not documented in this User Guide. For information about MapInfo
Professional, see the MapInfo online Help and MapInfo Professional User Guide.
You can access additional MapInfo user documentation from the Pitney Bowes
Business Insight website at
http://www.pbinsight.com/support/product-documentation.
All product information is available through the online Help. You access online
Help using the Help menu or context-sensitive Help from within a dialog box by
pressing the F1 key. If you want to view the online Help for a specific panel or
tab, click in a field or list box to activate the panel or tab before you press the
F1 key. The following sections describe the structure of the online Help.
TIP: Read the "Basic Usage" chapter of the Getting Started Guide to begin
learning how to use Mentum Planet. It provides a quick start tutorial of
common tasks.
User documentation updates

User documentation is continually evolving to address feedback or introduce
improvements. You can download the latest user documentation from the
Customer Care Product Downloads page where it is available as a separate
download from the software.
Online Help
From the Help menu, you can access online Help for Mentum Planet software
and for MapInfo Professional. This section describes the structure of the
Mentum Planet online Help.
The online Help provides extensive help on all aspects of software use. It
provides
Chapter 1
help on all dialog boxes
procedures for using the software
The following sections provide details about the resources available through the
online Help.
Resource Roadmap
When you first use the online Help, start with the Resource Roadmap. It describes
the types of resources available to help you use the software and explains how best
to use them. It includes a step-by-step guide that walks you through the available
resources.
Knowledge Base
You can access the Knowledge Base maintained by the Customer Care group by
choosing the Knowledge Base command from the Help menu. The Knowledge Base
contains current information on Mentum products such as How To procedures as well
as solutions to issues.
Printing
You have two basic options for printing documents:
n
If you want a good quality print of a single procedure or section, you

can print from the Help window. Click Print in the Help window.
If you want a higher quality print of a complete User Guide, use
Adobe Reader to print the supplied print-ready PDF file contained in
the Mentum Planet documentation library. Open the PDF file and
choose File
Print.
Library Search
You can perform a full-text search on all PDF files contained in the Mentum Planet
documentation library if you are using a version of Adobe Reader that supports fulltext searches. The PDF files are located in the Mentum\Planet\Help\User Guides
folder.
Introduction
You can also perform a search on all online Help topics by clicking the Search
tab in the Help window. Type a keyword, and click ListTopics to display all
Help topics that contain the keyword. The online Help duplicates the
information found in the User Guide PDF files in order to provide more complete
results. It does not duplicate the information in the Release Notes, or Glossary.
TIP: You can easily access the PDFlibrary from the Help menu by choosing
Guides or Technical Notes.
Whats This? Help

Whats This? Help provides detailed explanations of all dialog box elements
and is accessible by pressing F1 from any dialog box.
NOTE: To browse the Help, right-click the topic page and choose Back or
Forward. You can use the Search tab to perform a full-text search of the
information contained in the Workflows, Whats This? Help, and User Guide
online Help sections.
User Guides
User Guides are incorporated into the online Help.
Documentation library
Mentum Planet comes with an extensive library of User Guides and Technical
Notes in PDF format. You can access PDF versions of the user guides by
navigating to the Help folder within the Mentum Planet installation folder or by
choosing the Guides or Technical Notes command from the Mentum Planet
Help menu.
Additional documents are available at http://www.mentum.com.
Notational conventions
This section describes the textual conventions and icons used throughout this
documentation.
Chapter 1
Textual conventions
Special text formats are used to highlight different types of information. The
following table describes the special text conventions used in this document.
Bold text is used in procedure steps to identify a user
interface element such as a dialog box, menu item, or
button.
bold text
For example: In the Select Interpolation Method dialog
box, choose the Inverse Distance Weighting option,
and click Next.
Courier text is used in procedures to identify text that a
courier text user must type.For example: In the File Name box, type
Elevation.grd.
bright blue
text
Bright blue text is used to identify a link to another

section of the document. Click the link to view the section.
Menu arrows are used in procedures to identify a sequence
of menu items that you must follow.
For example, if a step reads Choose File
would click File and then click Open.
<>
Open, you
For example, if a menu item changes depending on the

chosen unit of measurement, the menu structure would
appear as Display
<unit Of Measurement>.
Introduction
Contacting Mentum
Mentum is committed to providing fast, responsive technical support. This
section provides an extensive list of contacts to help you through any issues
you may have.
We also welcome any comments about our documentation. Customer
feedback is an essential element of product development and supports our
efforts to provide the best products, services, and support we can. See "Send
us your comments" on next page.
Getting technical support

You can get technical support by phone or email, or by visiting the Self-Service
Portal on the Mentum website at http://www.mentum.com/customer-care.
When you call for technical support, ensure that you have your product ID
number and know which version of the software you are running. You can
obtain this information using the About command from the Help menu.
When you request technical support outside of regular business hours, a
Product Support Specialist will respond the next working day by telephone or
email, depending upon the nature of the request.
The technical support options available depend on the edition of the software
you are using as shown in Figure 1.1. For more details about the levels of
support, see the Mentum website.
Figure 1.1: Abbreviated list of support options
Chapter 1
North America
Phone: +1 866 921-9219 (toll free), +1 819 483-7094
Fax: +1 819 483-7050
Email: support.americas@mentum.com
Hours: 9am 7pm EST/EDT (Monday-Friday, excluding local holidays)
Europe, Middle East, and Africa

Phone: +33 139 26 46 42 (Paris)
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Phone: +852 2593 1287
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Send us your comments

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techpubs@mentum.com
CHAPTER 2 Defining Network Settings

After you create a project, you must define the network settings. Network
settings include the technology type, supported modulations, frame
configuration, and the spectrum allotment. This chapter describes how to
define network settings.
10
14
15
Chapter 2

Network settings define the technology type, supported modulations and the frame
configuration settings that apply to your network as well as the spectrum definition.
All network settings are grouped in the Network Settings dialog box.
Technology types
Mentum Planet supports WiMAX TDD, Fixed WiMAX TDD, Fixed WiMAX FDD, LTE FDD,
LTE TDD, cdma2000, and WCDMA technologies as well as a generic technology. You
define which technologies are available on the Spectrum Allocation tab. It is
important to configure bands correctly in order to avoid cases where a single real
physical band is defined to several sub-bands; therefore, making it difficult to
manage the channels correctly at the sector level.
Carriers
Carriers define the frequencies available in your network and the bandwidth of each.
They are automatically calculated according to the available spectrum and carrier
bandwidth specified on the Spectrum Allocation tab. After carrier are calculated, you
can assign them to individual sectors. Once you do so, you cannot modify the
spectrum allocation or carrier. The start and end frequencies are read-only when the
carrierare in use. You can define multiple bands per technology and overlapping
between bands is allowed.
Each sector in the network is assigned to a single band but can be allocated one or
more carrier within that band. Subscriber equipment is configured to support one or
more bands.
You can view details of all available carrier and specify carrieravailability on the
Carriers tab in the Network Settings dialog box for the selected technology. When
carrier are reserved, for example, clear the Availability check box.
Modulations
System modulations define downlink and uplink modulation schemes used by the
network. Each modulation can be defined by either a single CINR/spectral efficiency
value or by a CINR to spectral efficiency curve. You can also specify a downlink
amplifier back-off level, which represents the reduction of power used when using a
specific modulation. This is sometime required with higher order modulations in order
Defining Network Settings
to increase the linearity of the amplifier given the higher required CINR of
these modulations. This applies, for example, in OFDM as the peak-to-average
power ratio of OFDM signals is actually high.
Default modulations are provided depending on the configuration file that you
chose when you created a project. You must define any additional modulations
supported by your network.
Frame Setup
In LTE TDD, both the downlink and the uplink are divided into frames of 1mn in
length. Each frame is further broken down into half frames of equal length. Half
frames consist of 8 or 10 slots plus three special fields (i.e., the Downlink Pilot
Time Slot (DwPTS), the Guard Period (GP), and the Uplink Pilot Time Slot
(UpPTS).
On the Frame Setup tab in the Network Settings dialog box, you can define the
OFDM sampling factor. You can also add or remove the frame configuration or
edit the frame configuration using the Frame Editor. The Frame Editor
consolidates all parameters related to a frame configuration in one dialog box.
You can specify the cyclic prefix. The cyclic prefix is the fraction of each data
symbol that is copied from the end of the symbol and added to the beginning.
The cyclic prefix functions as a guard interval between OFDM symbols in order
to limit the Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) that is caused by the multipath
propagation of radio signals.
The standard defines two cyclic prefix values (i.e., Normal and Extended). The
choice you make for the cyclic prefix is based on the frequency band and the
radio environment. You can eliminate the ISI by selecting a guard interval that
is larger than the expected multipath delay spread. However, the larger guard
interval increases the symbol period, which leads to a loss of bandwidth
efficiency and a waste of transmit power.
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1: LTE TDDFrame Editor

You can define the cyclic prefix and duration as well as the number of reference
symbols per subframe and the frequency separation between them. You can also
specify various parameters related to the OFDM symbols and the resource blocks.
Each frame contains one of two special subframes. Special subframes contain special
fields including DwPTS, GP, and UpPTS. The number of symbols for each of those
special fields is flexible.
Hard Handover
The hard handover gains are used in the calculation of margin layers (i.e.,
uplink, downlink, and worst margin layers) as well as the reference coverage
layers (i.e., reference coverage probability and reference coverage layer).
Hard handover gains are taken into consideration for both network analysis
layers as well as Monte Carlo simulation layers.
There are three options for defining the hard handover gain: none, userdefined, and automatic. When you select the user-defined option, the downlink
and uplink handover you define is assigned to bins where there is a best
server. When you select the Automatic option, the hard handover is calculated
and assigned to bins where there is a best server.
Base station types

Base station types are used to define different base station configurations in
terms of the modulations supported and are also used in neighbor planning.
Chapter 2

Step 1
Specify the technologies supported by the network.
Step 2
Define the spectrum allocation.
Step 3
For each available technology, specify which carriers (or carriers) are
available, define supported modulations, and determine the frame
configuration.

When you define network settings, you specify the technology types for the
project. You also define the carriers supported, the available downlink and
uplink modulations, as well as the frame configuration.
To define network settings

1
Choose Edit
Network Settings.
The Network Settings dialog box opens.
On the Network Technologies panel, enable the technologies

supported by the network.
In the tree view, choose Spectrum Allocation.
Click the LTE TDD tab and modify LTE parameters as required.
In the tree view, choose LTE TDD.
Define carrier and modulation parameters as required.
Click the Frame Setup tab, define OFDM settings.
In the Frame Configuration table and click any of the following

buttons:
Chapter 2
Editto open the Frame Editor and modify frame parameters

for the selected frame configuration.
Addto add a new frame configuration.
Removeto delete a frame configuration.
To define frame configurations

1
In the LTE Frame Editor, define frame parameters as required.
Click OK.
CHAPTER 3 Configuring And Placing Sites

Once you have created a project and defined network settings you can
configure and place the sites in your network. This chapter describes how to
configure and place sites.
18
19
21
27
34
38
Chapter 3

Step 1
Create a new site using one of the following methods:

n
by defining a new site
based on the settings of an existing site
based on a site template
Step 2
Define the supported antenna system.
Step 3
Define sector parameters.
Step 4
Define traffic settings.
Step 5
If required, edit placed sites and sectors.
Step 6
If required, save a site template.
Configuring And Placing Sites

Site templates store the settings defined in the Site Editor and make it easy to
add sites with the same configuration at a later time. You can create a site
template from either a site or a repeater. You can create as many site
templates as required for your project. By default, the active site template is
used in site creation. When you export a site template, you can view all the
site and sector parameters in Excel.
CAUTION: When the active site template is for a repeater, the donor sector
value in the template is not copied over to the new site. You need to manually
set the donor sector for the new site using the Site Editor.
To create a site template

1
In the Project Explorer, in the Sites category, expand the

Sites node, right-click the site upon which you want to base the
template and do one of the following:
n
Choose Create Site Template

Local if you want to save
the site template on your workstation
Choose Create Site Template
Local if you want to save
the site template on your workstation
Choose Create SiteTemplate
Shared if you want to
share the site template with other users using the Data
Manager
Type a name for the site template.
Enable the Set as Active Template check box to set this site
template as active.
The active site template is used when creating new sites. If there is no
active site template, default values are used.
Click OK.
The site template is added to the Project Explorer.
Chapter 3
To rename a site template

1
In the Project Explorer, in the Sites category, expand the Site

Templates node, right-click the site template you want to rename,
and choose Rename.
Modify the name as required.
To set the site template as active

n

Templates node, right-click the site template you want to be active
and choose Active.
The active site template is used when creating new sites. If there is no active
site template, default values are used.
To view a site template

n

Templates node, right-click the site template you want to view,
and choose View.
The site template opens in Excel.
To delete a site template

n

Templates node, right-click the site template you want to delete,
and choose Delete.

A site is a fixed geographical location. At the site, there are technologyspecific base stations, each with associated sectors as illustrated in Figure 3.1.
Hence, antenna systems can be shared between sectors that support different
technologies.
Figure 3.1: Example of how a site, base stations, and sectors relate.
In the Site Editor, you can access all pertinent information about a site,
associated base stations and the sectors they support. This includes link
information, quality and performance criteria, as well as details about the
supported antenna systems as shown in Figure 3.2.
Chapter 3
Figure 3.2: Site Editor

A unique name identifies each site. You can add additional identification
information about a site such as a detailed site name, descriptive site details,
and a Universal ID.
You can view and update site and sector parameters using the Tabular Editor.
General site parameters

On the General tab at the base station level, you define the maximum pooled
throughput allowed and assign a base station type.
General sector parameters

On the General tab at the sector level, you define the flags and groups that are
applicable to the sector and you specify the frequency band supported.
Custom user data

You can add additional attributes to project data in order to clarify or expand
on it. This is particularly useful when you are working in a multi-user
environment where projects are being shared.
There are two types of custom user data:
n
user data that can be shared with others and is saved in Data
Manager
user data that is only saved locally and is not stored in Data
Manager
For custom data to be shared using Data Manager, the Data Manager
Administrator must define the attributes and type definitions. The name and
type of the attribute is then displayed on the User Data tab and you can
specify a value for it. The Shared check box is enabled to indicate that the data
is saved in Data Manager when sharing projects.
Chapter 3
On the other hand, if you only need to save the custom data locally, you can define
attributes and type definitions in the project settings. These attributes are also
displayed on the User Data tab but the Shared check box is cleared indicating that
the information will be saved locally and cannot be shared using Data Manager.
You can add custom user data to base stations, sites, sectors, repeaters, antennas,
and carriers.
Link parameters
The parameters on the Link tab focus on the settings required to model a
communication link between the user and the sector. This includes antenna
parameters, prediction parameters, and the link configuration (as defined in the link
configuration).
Implementation parameters
The parameters on the Implementation tab center around the performance and
quality of the signal provided by the sector. This includes filter loss parameters and
quality parameters (such as the best server coverage threshold).
You can use filters to suppress unwanted interference from adjacent channels. Filter
characteristics are saved as filter (.flt) files. You can specify filters for the downlink
(i.e., the transmit mask) and you can also specify filters for the uplink (i.e., the
receive filter).
The filter loss table allows you to specify the frequency offset and the associated
filter loss parameter. The frequency is the difference between the first and second
channel away from the center frequency. Filter loss values depend on the filter
chosen by the equipment manufacturer. These values will be used to determine the
nature of the adjacent-channel interference.
You can save the values in the Filter Loss table as a .flt file using the options from the
File menu.
Figure 3.3 illustrates a filter that models a channel with a 10 MHz bandwidth. With a
5.45 MHz frequency separation, the excessive energy transmitted outside the
channel bandwidth is attenuated by 25 dB while at 9.75 MHz, it is attenuated by 32
dB.
If your filter files are not configured correctly, this could result in an excess or
shortage of adjacent channel interference. The latter is a less desirable
situation because it could lead to overestimated coverage.
Figure 3.3: This figure illustrates a sample filter loss graph for the transmit
signal. In this example, the filter loss is specified as 32 dB for 9.75 MHz
frequency separation. You can also define a separate filter loss graph for the
receive signal.
Configuration parameters
Configuration parameters include the carrier and frame configuration for the
sector. You define the frame configuration in the Frame Editor.
Power parameters
Power parameters define the power requirements for the sector. You can view
the power distribution.
Neighbor list
It is on the Neighbor List tab in the Site Editor that you can specify how to
determine candidate neighbors (i.e., what is the allowable distance between
neighbors) as well as which sites are not to be considered as part of the
neighbor planning process (and are black listed). You can also view neighbor
candidates in the Map window.
Antenna Systems
In the Site Editor, you define various elements of the antenna system including
the antenna pattern, associated antenna parameters, and location, which are
grouped on the Antenna - General tab making it easy to set up a non colocated sector. You can also define the degree of correction to apply during
antenna masking in order to improve modeling of the antenna backlobe in
predictions, specify optimization constraints to consider in automatic cell
planning and, if available, you can specify custom antenna attributes.
Chapter 3
You can also access the Antenna Editor where you can define more detailed
elements of the antenna system including the supported antenna ports and bands,
electrical controllers, and antenna pattern parameters.

Using the Automatic Site Placement Tool (ASPT), you can place sites in a
defined area quickly and easily. There are two modes that you can use with the
ASPT:
n
Basicthe tool generates hexagons based on the criteria you

define and places a site at the center of each hexagon using
either the default site configuration or the site template you
specify. If you are using a clutter file, you can exclude clutter
classes such that no sites will be placed within them.
Advanced the tool generates complex shapes based on the
planning strategy you choose and the criteria you define
(including clutter-specific criteria) and places a site at the
center of the shape using the site template you specify. Each
site is given a level of priority that determines whether it
becomes a possible site candidate. In Advanced mode, you
can use a traffic map in order to generate more accurate
shapes. In addition, you can use existing and candidate sites
in the site placement process.
Determining site placement in the Basic mode

Step 1
The ASPT divides the selected polygon into a series of hexagons

based on the hexagon radius or the number of hexagons you define
in the generation options.
Step 2
A proposed site is placed at the center of each hexagon using the

site template that you specify.
Chapter 3
Step 3
When you create sites, sites are added to the Sites node in the Project
Explorer and placed on the map.
Determining site placement in the Advanced mode

Step 1
Step 2
The ASPT divides the selected polygon into a series of shapes based on
the planning strategy you define. There are two types of planning
strategies:
n
Greenfield, where there are no existing sites in the network
Expansion, where there are existing sites
Depending on the settings you define, the ASPT displays possible site
locations on the map. In Advanced mode, there are three types of sites
identified during the automatic site placement process:
n
Existing Sitessites you have placed in the network at existing

locations.
Candidate Sitessites you have placed in the network at possible
site locations.
New Sitessites that will be placed by the ASPT automatically based
on the defined criteria to fill in any gaps.
You can specify when to place a site in individual clutter classes and
which site template you use. You can also define propagation model
parameters including the site radius, the minimum and maximum
site radius, the Okumura class as well as the frequency band
(whether network-defined or user-defined).
Step 3
A possible site is placed at the center of each shape using the site
template that you specify. If the planning strategy you choose is
"Expansion" with existing sites, then existing sites are considered
first in the planning process, candidate sites are considered next,
and new sites are placed to fill in any gaps. In the illustration that
follows, the blue sites are existing sites, the green sites are
candidate sites, and the purple sites are new sites. Candidate sites
are considered in order of priority (defined in the Site Editor).
Step 4
When you create sites, candidate sites become permenant sites

and are added to the Sites node in the Project Explorer. New sites
are placed in gap areas, added to the Project Explorer and placed on
the map. A new local group is also created that contains the newly
created sites.
Chapter 3
To place sites in Basic mode

1
To specify the boundaries of the area within which you want to place
sites, do one of the following:
n
Make the cosmetic layer editable, draw a polygon using the tools on
the Drawing toolbar, and then select it.
Create an area grid.
Choose Optimization
Automatic Site Placement.
The Automatic Site Placement dialog box opens.
In the Mode section, choose the Basic option.
In the Region section, choose one of the following options:

n
Polygonto identify the region within which you want to

place sites using a polygon. When you use this option, you
must create a polygon on the cosmetic layer using the tools
on the Drawing toolbar.
Areato identify the region within which you want to place
sites using an area grid. When you use this option, you must
first have created an area grid.
Click the Settings tab and define how to place sites.
Click Generate.
Chapter 3
To place sites in Advanced mode

1
To specify the boundaries of the area within which you want to place
sites, do one of the following:
n
Make the cosmetic layer editable, draw a polygon using the tools on
the Drawing toolbar, and then select it
Create an area grid.
Choose Optimization
Automatic Site Placement.
The Automatic Site Placement dialog box opens.
In the Mode section, choose the Advanced option.
Define the required parameters on each of the following tabs:

n
Generalincludes network planning strategy (i.e., greenfield or

expansion), existing and candidate site selection, and region
definition.
n
Site Templatesincludes site template for each class,

ability to adjust antenna heights, minimum and maximum
antenna heights as well as minimum and maximum traffic
loads.
Propagation Modelincludes Okumura class, site radius as
well as minimum and maximum site radius.
Click Generate.
Cells are placed across the region.
Chapter 3

Link configurations track the gains and losses that occur as a signal travels. In other
words, a link configuration calculates the radiated power for a sector based on the
power output of the sectors power amplifier (PA) plus or minus system gains and
losses. In Mentum Planet , you define link configurations in the Link Configuration
Editor. You can define several link configurations for a project. When link
configurations are assigned to sectors, the link configuration icon is blue as shown in
Figure 3.4.
Figure 3.4: Assigned link configuration identified with a blue icon.
Losses and gains

For both the downlink and uplink, a default antenna gain value is added based on the
antenna type assigned to the sector. You cannot modify this value. Initially, the
value is 0 but will be updated once the link configuration is assigned to a sector. A
default Feeder value on both the downlink and the uplink is added to account for
cable and connector losses and a main feeder loss is calculated by multiplying the
cable length defined on the Link tab and the main feeder loss per meter defined in
the associated link configuration. The main feeder value is always included in the link
configuration calculations.
A default BTS Noise Figure is assigned to the uplink to account for base station
receiver noise gain. You should modify the BTS Noise Figure according to the
manufacturer's hardware specifications.
You can add additional losses and gains as required. Because the Friis noise formula
(see Equation 3.1) is used to calculate the Uplink Noise Figure, the order of the items
in the Link Configuration Editor must match the hierarchy of the sector hardware
(see Figure 3.5). By default, the BTS Noise Figure is always the last item in the list.
Figure 3.5: Example sector hardware configuration

The Reverse Composite Noise Figure (Composite System Noise Figure (NFs))
is calculated as follows, using the Friis noise formula:
Equation 3.1 Friis noise formula
Chapter 3
When you assign a link configuration to a sector, you can view the impact it has in
the Information section of the Link tab.
Figure 3.6: Information section on the Link tab in the Site Editor.
If you are using an Excel spreadsheet to import link configuration settings, you must
use the Index column to specify the order of the items in the Losses and Gains list.
For more information, see Importing and exporting project data in Working With
Network and Project Data, in the Mentum Planet User Guide.
To define link configurations

1
In the Project Explorer, in the Project Data category, rightclick Link Configurations and choose New.
The Link Configuration Editor opens.
In the Name box, type a name to identify the link configuration.
Click the Uplink/Reverse tab and define link configuration

parameters.
To view or hide unassigned link configurations

n
In the Project Explorer, in the Project Data category,

right-click Link Configurations and choose one of the
following commands:
n
Show Unassigned Link Configurationsdisplays in

the Project Explorer those link configurations that have
not been assigned to a sector.
Hide Unassigned Link Configurationshides in the
Project Explorer those link configurations that have not
been assigned to a sector.
Chapter 3

Once you have defined site and sector parameters, you can create a site template
based on these settings and use this template to add similar sites to the network.
See Using site templates.
Once a site has been placed, you can change any of the settings that have been
defined. If you have acquired GPS readings for all your sites and you want to update
the position of a sector, you can edit the site location manually.
For more information on general site, base station, and sector properties, see
Working with Sites and Sectors, in the Mentum Planet User Guide.
CAUTION: By default, site updates are saved in the site set. To update the site
table (.tab) file, you must right-click the Sites node and choose Update Site File. Site
updates are not automatically added to the site table.
To create a new site

1
In the Project Explorer, in the Sites category, do one of the

following:
n
To use a specific site template, expand the Site Templates node,

expand the Local or Shared node, and right-click the template
upon which you want to base the site, then choose New Site.
To use the active site template, right-click the Sites node and
choose New Site.
The active site template is identified with a green arrow.
Click in the Map window at the location where you want to place the
site.
To edit site parameters

1
In the Project Explorer, in the Sites category, expand the Sites

node, right-click the site you want to edit, and choose Edit.
Modify site parameters as required.
To change the antenna systems available for this site, do one of

the following:
n
In the tree view, right-click the Antennas node, and choose

Add.
Click the Add Antenna System button at the top of the
dialog box.
A default antenna system is added.
Choose the newly-added antenna system and modify antenna

parameters as required.
TIP: To define parameters for all sectors at the site, click the Tabular Edit
button.
TIP: You can also edit sites by clicking the Edit Site button on the Site
toolbar, and then clicking in the Map window to select the sector.
Chapter 3
TIP: To move a site, open the Site Editor, change the x and y coordinates, and click
Apply. To get the coordinates from the map, click the Get Coordinates from Map
button, click in the Map window at the desired location, and click Apply.You can also
move a site by clicking the Move Site button on the toolbar.
To create a new site based on an existing site

1
In the Project Explorer, in the Sites category, right-click the site that
you want to copy and choose Place Copy.
In the Map window, click once on a location to place the site.

The created site is displayed in the Map window and a site having the name
Copy of <site name> is added to the Sites category in the Project Explorer.
In the Project Explorer, right-click the newly copied site and choose
Edit.
In the Site Editor, adjust site parameters as required.
Site Editor (Link)

Antennas
Antennachoose from this list the antenna system for the selected sector. The
antenna systems listed are those displayed in the Site Editor tree view.
Power Splittype in this box how the sector transmit power is to be divided
between multiple antennas. This field is only available if there is more than one
antenna.
Link Configurationchoose from this list the link configuration you want to
associate with the sector. Click the View button to view the details of the link
configuration.
Cable Lengthtype in this box the length of the feeder cable. This value is used to
calculate the main feeder loss in the associated link configuration.
Downlink Portsenable the check box next to those ports you want to use with
multi-beam antennas. This section is read-only when viewed at the carrier level.
Uplink Portsenable the check box next to those ports you want to use with
multi-beam antennas. This section is read-only when viewed at the carrier
level.
Addclick this button to add secondary antenna systems to the sector if you
are using split sectors. Split sectors use several directional antennas to
transmit the same signal.
Antenna Algorithmchoose from this list the antenna algorithm to use with
the selected smart or MIMO antenna. Antenna algorithms are defined in the
Antenna Algorithm Editor. Only antenna algorithms that are compatible with
the selected antenna system (smart antenna and MIMO capabilities) are
available. Antenna algorithms are not available for cdma2000 sectors.
Site Editor
Sector - Implementation
Filters
Use this section to open an existing filter loss file (.flt) or create a new one. A
.flt file instructs Mentum Planet how adjacent carriers contribute to the
interference level. You can define a filter loss that increases as frequencies
move further from the center frequency, which results in frequencies further
from the desired frequency being filtered out more effectively than frequencies
close to the desired frequency.
Transmit Maskdisplays the filter loss file. The filter loss is applied to the
sectors transmit power when calculating adjacent carrier interference power
from the sector to mobile subscriber on the downlink.
Browseclick this button to open a filter loss (.flt) file.
New/Editclick this button to define or edit the values in a filter loss
(.flt) file.
Removeclick this button to remove this filter from the sector.
Removing the filter does not delete the .flt file. When no transmit mask
is specified, the interference caused by the excessive energy
transmitted outside the carrier bandwidth is not accounted for.
Chapter 3
Receive Filterdisplays the filter loss file. The filter loss is applied when calculating
adjacent carrier interference power received by the sector on the uplink.
New/Editclick this button to define or edit the values in a filter loss (.flt)
file.
Removeclick this button to remove this filter from the sector. Removing the
filter does not delete the .flt file. When no receive mask is specified, the
interference caused by the excessive energy transmitted outside the carrier
bandwidth is not accounted for.
Quality
Limit Best Server Coveragetype in this box the distance from the sector that
defines the outer limit of the best server coverage. Beyond this distance, the server
cannot be considered as the Best Server.
Maximum Number of Subscriberstype in this box the maximum number of
subscribers supported by the sector.
Maximum Uplink Noise Risetype in this box the maximum allowable noise rise
on the uplink for the sector.
Site Editor
Sector - Configuration
Carriers
Carrier Namedisplays the name of the available carriers as defined in the
network settings.
Cell IDtype in this box the identification string for the cell.This box is not
available for editing when the Status check box is cleared.
Statusclick this check box to set the status of the carrier.
A check mark indicates that the carrier is assigned to the

sector
A cleared check box indicates the carrier is defined in the
network settings but is not assigned to the sector
A red X indicates that the carrier is not supported.
Downlink Load (%)type in this box the percentage of cell loading that you
want to target for the downlink. This box is available only if the carrier is
assigned to the sector. The downlink load value represents the number of
Resource Elements that are being used relative to the ones that are available
for traffic. If you set, for example, the downlink load to 0%, this is equivalent
to using overhead Resource Elements only with no traffic Resource Elements
being used.
Uplink Load (%)type in this box the percentage of cell loading for the
uplink. This box is available only if the carrier is assigned to the sector. The
uplink load value represents the number of Resource Elements that are being
used relative to the ones that are available for traffic. Uplink loading does not
directly impact uplink calculations unlike the uplink noise rise, which does have
an impact.
Maximum Downlink Load (%)type in this box the maximum supported
downlink load as a percentage.
Maximum Uplink Load (%)type in this box the maximum supported
uplink load as a percentage.
Uplink Noise Risetype in this box the total uplink noise rise for the carrier.
Uplink TDD De-Synchronization Interferencetype in this box the level
of interference experienced at the sector due to TDD de-synchronization.
When you generate a network analysis, this value is taken into account. This
box is only available for channels assigned to the sector.
FFR Usagetype in this box the percentage of traffic that is carried in the
outer cell. This box is available only if the selected frame configuration
supports interference coordination.
FFR usage represents the amount of traffic carried by the outer cell (where
fewer resource blocks are used) as well as the amount of traffic carried by the
inner cell.
Chapter 3
When the FFR usage of a cell and its interferers is the same, a subscriber in the inner
cell experiences interference from interfering resource blocks that are meant for
inner cell subscribers and subscribers in the outer cell experience interference from
resource blocks that are meant for outer cell subscribers. When interfering sectors
have different FFR usage, some subscribers in the inner cell receive interference
from the outer cell of the interfering sector, thus reducing interference.
Multiple Antenna Usagetype in this box the percentage of carried traffic
supported by Advanced Antenna Systems (AAS) or multiple antennas. It is applied
when computing co-channel interference power in the case of smart antennas being
used by the sector. This field only has an impact when smart antennas are used.
Configuration
Use this section to define the frame configuration. To do this, you must have defined
the required frame configurations on the Frame Setup tab in the Network Settings
dialog box.
Frame Configurationchoose from this list the frame configuration you want to
apply to the sector.
Inner Cell RSRQ Thresholdtype in this box minimum RSRQ (Reference Symbol
Receive Quality) value that is required for a subscriber to be included in the inner
cell. This box is available only if the selected frame configuration supports
interference coordination.
Outer Cell Resource Elementstype in this box the percentage of resource
elements to reserve for the outer cell. This box is available only if the selected frame
configuration supports interference coordination.
Physical Cell ID Assignedenable this check box to define cell identity
parameters. When this check box is cleared, there is no physical cell ID assigned to
the sector. There are total 504 (0 503) physical layer IDs grouped into 168 groups
of three identities in each group. The assignment of Physical Cell ID impacts on the
reference signal sequence group hopping as the hopping pattern is uniquely defined
by Physical Cell ID. For example, the co-site adjacent sectors Cell ID should be
assigned in a way that the same hopping pattern and same base sequence are used.
Cell Identity
Physical Cell IDtype in this box the physical cell ID. Valid values range
from 0 to 503.
Physical Cell Identity Groupdisplays the physical cell identity group
based on the physical cell ID defined.
Physical Layer Identitydisplays the physical layer identity. Valid values
range from 0 to 2.
Preamble Random Access Channel

Cyclic Shift Configurationtype in this box the Ncs value required for the
PRACH. Valid Ncs values
Cyclic Shift Setchoose the type of cyclic shift you want to use. Two types
are available: restrictive and unrestrictive.
Cyclic Shift (Ncs)displays the calculated cyclic shift for the preamble
format you are using.
Number Of Zadoff-Chu Sequences Neededdisplays the calculated
number of Zadoff-Chu sequences required.
Zadoff-Chu Sequence
First Sequencetype in this box the first number in the Zadoff-Chu
sequence.
Remaining Sequencesdisplays the Zadoff-Chu sequence derived from the
first one defined.
Number of Required Carrierstype in this box the number of carriers

required on this sector. Valid values range from 0 to 100.
Chapter 3
A3 Handover Thresholdtype in this box the handover threshold that will

determine the handover status displayed in the Handover Status layer. The A3
threshold is an offset relative to the serving sector's signal strength. For example, in
a bin where a neighboring sector's signal strength becomes stronger than the
serving sector, and where the difference between the neighboring sector and the
serving sector is greater than the A3 threshold, the Handover Status at the bin is
assumed to be "No".
CHAPTER 4 Adding Repeaters

In order to increase network coverage, you can add repeaters to your network.
Repeaters are electronic devices that receive a signal, amplify it, and then
retransmit it at a higher power. This chapter describes how to add repeaters to
your project.
48
51
52
60
Chapter 4
Repeaters are used to retransmit signals received from donor sectors to locations
that have insufficient coverage. For example, repeaters can be used to extend
coverage or fill in shadow areas caused by hills, large buildings, and other structures
that obstruct signals.
A repeater receives a signal from the donor antenna of a donor sector, and then
amplifies and retransmits the signal through its service antenna. Repeaters are
primarily used to reduce path loss without providing an increase in network capacity.
Generally, repeaters add noise and amplify noise in the uplink, which can limit their
effectiveness; however, a well placed repeater can reduce noise levels within a
network and enhance the overall capacity.
Implementing repeaters can be an efficient and cost-effective method of increasing
the received signal strength for mobiles in an area without having to place additional
sites.
A repeaters power is defined by its Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP). EIRP
measures the maximum radiated power in the direction of the maximum gain
relative to an isotropic antenna (typically in the direction the antenna is pointing).
The EIRP of repeaters is based on the power of the first active carrier, and is
calculated as shown in Equation 4.1.
Equation 4.1 Repeater EIRP
Adding Repeaters
Types of repeater implementations

There are several different ways to implement repeaters in a network. For
example, in areas where
n
there are a lot of buildings, you could implement split sectors

where several directional antennas are used to transmit the
same signal. See Using split sectors.
you want to extend indoor coverage, you could implement a
Distributed Antenna System (DAS). See Using distributed
antenna systems.
Using split sectors

When split sectors are used in the network, sectors use several directional
antennas to transmit the same signal. In Mentum Planet , you define split
sectors in the Site Editor by adding additional antennas on the Link tab for the
sector you want to use.
Chapter 4
Using distributed antenna systems

When distributed antenna systems are used in the network, the transmitted power is
divided between several elements in the network and consists of split sectors and
repeaters depending on the maximum distance between antennas.
Repeaters and predictions

When you generate predictions for a sector that has one or more repeaters assigned
to it, signal strength grid (.grd) files are generated for the sector and for each
repeater. The analyses use the separate predictions for the donor sectors and
repeaters.
A combined signal strength file is also generated, which merges the separate sector
and repeater signal strength files. Combined signal strength predictions are used
when the full coverage area of a sector is required, such as when you generate a
traffic map or interference matrix, or analyze the interference between two sectors.
After you have generated predictions for a sector, you can choose to view a
prediction for the donor sector or individual repeaters. You can also view a combined
prediction that displays the combined signal strengths of the donor sector and all of
its repeaters. For information on generating and viewing predictions, see Chapter 8:
Generating Predictions in the Mentum Planet User Guide.
Adding Repeaters

Step 1
Configure and place sites.
Step 2
Add repeaters to sectors with insufficient coverage.
Chapter 4

When you add a repeater to a sector, you define general settings, such as the donor
sector for which the repeater will retransmit a signal, and the location of the
repeater. You must also define settings for service and donor antennas, predictions,
repeater links, implementation criteria (such as filters and quality limits), as well as
configuration settings.
The gain of a repeater in Mentum Planet is maintained at a constant level. Any
changes to the donor sector and repeater system that affect the power received by
the repeater will result in a similar change in the EIRP of the repeater. For example, a
change in the masked pathloss between the donor sector and the repeater, the
donor sectors pilot power, or the antenna system at the donor sector which results
in a change to the EIRP of the sector, will result in a similar change in the EIRP of the
repeater. The EIRP value at the repeater will also change in line with a change in
either of the repeaters antenna systems. As such, it is important to review repeater
settings following any changes of this nature.
To add repeaters to sectors

1
In the Project Explorer, in the Sites category, right-click the sector

to which you want to add a repeater, and choose Add Repeater.
Click in the Map window in the location where you want to add the
repeater.
A repeater is added to the Map window and, in the Project Explorer, a repeater
node is added beneath the associated sector. In addition, a new site is added
to the Sites node. This new site contains only the repeater location and
repeater parameters. For example, if you add a repeater to Site 2, sector 2, an
additional site is added.
Adding Repeaters
To view the repeater settings, in the Project Explorer, doubleclick the repeater node.
Define repeater parameters as required.
Chapter 4
TIP: You can change the status of a repeater by right-clicking a repeater node in
the Project Explorer and choosing Active. A check mark indicates that the repeater is
online.
TIP: For maximum accuracy, enter a measured value of pathloss in the Masked
Path Loss From Donor box. The measured pathloss can be determined by measuring
the signal strength with a known EIRP from the donor sector. If you choose to
calculate the masked path loss, ensure you specify an appropriate model. The most
appropriate propagation model will depend on the specifics of the environment
between donor sector and the repeater donor antenna. If you suspect obstruction at
the repeater location, choose a deterministic model with the correct receiver height.
You may need to create a model specifically for repeater installations.
Mentum Planet will not update the stored masked pathloss automatically, even if the
current value is generated using the Calculate Masked Pathloss dialog box. If there
are changes to the network that would impact the pathloss between the donor sector
and the repeater, you must apply a new value to the repeater, either by manually
entering a new value in the Repeater Settings dialog box or re-calculating the value
using the Calculate Masked Pathloss dialog box.
Site Editor
Configuration
Carriers
Statusenable the check box next to those carriers you want the repeater to
support.
Carrier Namedisplays the carrier name. The carrier name is defined in the
network settings.
Equipment
Total EIRPdisplays the total EIRP.
Adding Repeaters
Repeater Gaintype in this box the system gain experienced by the

repeater. The value in the Power EIRP box is updated based on the value you
enter.
System Lossestype in this box the system losses experienced by the
repeater. The value in the Power EIRP box is updated based on the value you
enter.
Downlink Maximum Power Per Carriertype in this box the maximum
power output per carrier.
Site Editor
Donor
Use the Donor tab to define the parameters of the relationship between the
repeater and its donor sector, including the donor antenna (i.e., the repeater
antenna that receives the signal from the donor sector on the downlink and
transmits the amplified signal to the donor sector on the uplink) for RF
repeaters.
Type
RFenable this option to indicate that the donor antenna receives the signal
from a conventional RF signal.
Fiberenable this option to indicate that the donor antenna receives the
signal from a fiber-optic cable. When the Fiber option is enabled, the Donor
Antenna parameters are not available.
Donor Antennadisplays the name of the donor antenna.

Editclick this button to change the antenna parameters and location.
Downlink Portspecify the port to use on the downlink. Ports are defined in
the Antenna Editor.
Uplink Portspecify the port to use on the uplink. Ports are defined in the
Antenna Editor.
Chapter 4
Link Configurationchoose from this list the link budget you want to associate
with the repeater.
Viewclick this button to open the link configuration dialog box. Values are readonly.
Cable Lengthtype in this box the length of the feeder cable. This value is included
in the main feeder loss calculated in the associated link budget.
Modelchoose from this list the propagation model with which to calculate the
masked path loss.
Editclick this button to open the Propagation Model Editor where you can change
the settings defined for the model.
Masked Pathlossclick in the box to define a masked pathloss value for the donor.
Calculateclick this button to automatically calculate the masked pathloss for the
donor using the selected propagation model.
NOTE: For maximum accuracy, enter a measured value of pathloss in the Masked
Pathloss box. The measured pathloss can be determined by measuring the signal
strength with a known EIRP from the donor sector. To calculate the masked pathloss,
ensure you specify an appropriate model. The most appropriate propagation model
will depend on the specifics of the environment between the donor sector and the
repeater donor antenna. If you suspect obstruction at the repeater location, choose
a deterministic model with the correct receiver height. You may need to create a
model specifically for repeater installations.
Site Editor
Link
Service
Antennachoose from this list the antenna pattern that the service antenna will
use to retransmit the signal received from the donor sector.
Adding Repeaters
Power Splittype in this box how the power is to be divided between the
service antennas. This field is only available if there is more than one service
antenna.
Editclick this button to open the Antenna - General tab where you can
change the antenna parameters.
Removeclick this button to remove the antenna.
Link Configurationchoose from this list the link budget you want to
associate with the service antenna.
Cable Lengthtype in this box the length of the feeder cable. This value is
included in the main feeder loss calculated in the associated link budget.
Viewclick this button to open the link configuration dialog box. Values are
read-only.
Downlink Portsenable the check box next to those ports you want to use
with multi-beam antennas.
Uplink Portsenable the check box next to those ports you want to use with
multi-beam antennas.
Addclick this button to add additional service antennas to the link. When you
click add, a new Antenna section is added on the tab.
Predictions
Modelchoose from this list the prediction model for the repeater.
Editclick this button to open the Propagation Model Editor where you
can modify propagation model settings.
Distancetype in this field the maximum distance from the repeater to
calculate signal strength.
Number of Radialstype in this field the number of radials originating from a
site along which to calculate predictions. More radials produce a more accurate
but slower calculation.
Chapter 4
Isolation
Additional Isolationtype in this box a value in dB that will be added to the total
isolation calculated.
Isolationdisplays the calculated isolation based on the masked pathloss (i.e., free
space propagation including antenna gains) between the donor and service antenna
as well as the additional isolation value you define. The Isolation box is not available
if there is no defined donor sector (i.e., this is an orphaned repeater) or if the donor
type is fiber. If you are using split sectors, the isolation calculation is based on the
first service antenna.
Site Editor
Implementation
Filters
Use this section to open an existing filter loss (.flt) file or create a new one. A .flt file
instructs Mentum Planet how adjacent channels contribute to the interference level.
You can define a filter loss that increases as frequencies move further from the
center frequency, which results in frequencies further from the desired frequency
being filtered out more effectively than frequencies close to the desired frequency.
Transmit Maskdisplays the filter loss file to be applied to the repeater on the
downlink.
New/Editclick this button to define or edit the values in a filter loss (.flt)
file.
Removeclick this button to remove this filter from the repeater. Removing
the filter does not delete the .flt file. When no transmit mask is specified, the
interference caused by the excessive energy transmitted outside the channel
bandwidth is not accounted for.
Receive Filterdisplays the filter loss file to be applied to the repeater on the
uplink.
Adding Repeaters
New/Editclick this button to define or edit the values in a filter loss

(.flt) file.
Removeclick this button to remove this filter from the repeater.
Removing the filter does not delete the .flt file. When no receive mask is
specified, athe interference caused by the excessive energy transmitted
outside the channel bandwidth is not accounted for.
Quality
Limit Best Server Coveragetype in this box the distance from the
repeater that defines the outer limit of the best server coverage. Beyond this
distance, the server cannot be considered as the Best Server.
Chapter 4

You can use the Project Explorer to locate repeaters in a Map window.
To locate repeaters in a Map window

n
In the Project Explorer, in the Sites category, right-click the

repeater and choose Locate.
The repeater is selected in the Map window.
CHAPTER 5 Defining Subscribers

Subscribers are categorized into types, which are used when you generate an
analysis of your network. Creating subscriber types that account for the
possible variations of subscribers enables you to generate reliable and
comprehensive analyses of your network.
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Chapter 5
The nodes within the Subscriber Settings dialog box represent building blocks for
subscriber types:
n
Equipment Typesinclude the types of mobile equipment and

antennas that are available in your network as well as the bearers
available on each type of equipment.
Servicesrelate to the applications that a subscriber uses and the
level of service required. This includes the activity factors used to
calculate the effective amount of time that a subscriber uses a
service. This also includes the quality of service requirements.
Subscriber Typesconsolidate the information from the other
nodes in the Subscriber Settings dialog box into various
combinations to represent the mix of subscribers in your network.
When you define subscribers, you begin at the top of the tree view by defining
equipment types. You then define services and finally, you define subscriber types.
For each subscriber type, you must choose an equipment type and traffic map. You
can define multiple usage types, each of which comprises weightings to spread
subscribers within the four different environments. You also define a service type.
For a detailed example of how to define a subscriber type, see Defining subscriber
types. This example shows you how to define usages, explains the effect of
weighting, and describes how the settings that you specify for the subscriber type
translate into a real-world scenario.
Defining Subscribers

Step 1
Generate traffic maps for the services and area that you want to
analyze. For information on creating traffic maps, see Managing
Traffic, in the Mentum Planet User Guide.
Step 2
Define equipment types including hardware and bearers.
Step 3
Define services including the load and quality of service parameters.
Step 4
Create subscriber types and define the subscriber configuration

including priority, equipment type, and usages.
Step 5
Define environment settings.
Chapter 5

A mobile equipment type is a detailed definition of the equipment used by a
particular type of subscriber in the network. Each type of equipment has its own
particularities in terms of the technology it supports, the hardware specification it
has, and the bearers it can use.
Subscriber equipment types you define are added to the Equipment Types node in
the Subscriber Editor tree view.
LTE bearers
Bearers represent the traffic channels in terms of their service data rate. You first
define the modulations used by the bearers in the Network Settings dialog box.
Standard LTE bearers are configured with a direction (uplink or downlink). Bearers
are displayed on the Bearers tab associated with each equipment type.
To define subscriber equipment types

1
Choose Edit
Subscriber Settings.
The Subscriber Settings dialog box opens.
In the tree view, right-click Equipment Types, and choose Add.
A new subnode is added to the Equipment Types node.
In the tree view, choose the equipment type you just added.
Define equipment type parameters as required.
Chapter 5

Service types are the applications that your subscribers are using.
To define subscriber services

1
Choose Edit
In the tree view, right-click Services, and choose Add.

A new subnode is added to the Services node.
In the tree view, choose the service you just added.
Define service parameters as required.

Subscriber types are defined by:
n
the subscriber equipment used
the traffic map on which the subscriber type is based
the different kinds of services that a subscriber uses and the

quality that applies to each service
the environments where the usage takes place
The information contained in a subscriber type is used when you generate

Monte Carlo simulations or analysis layers. The environment weightings
defined for each subscriber type reflects the probability that a particular
subscriber type will use a specific service in a specific environment. For
example, if a LTE Subscriber using a VoIP service is more likely to be using this
service indoors rather than while in a vehicle than you could set the Indoor
Weight to 2 and the Vehicular Weight to 1.
The total number of subscribers is defined by the traffic map and scaling, not
by the number of usage types or environments. The total number of
subscribers for each subscriber type is spread across the usage types and
environments defined for the subscriber type.
Example
You might create a subscriber type called Advanced Business that represents
subscribers who use mobiles as their primary business tools. The subscribers
represented by this type use their mobiles for everything from downloading
email to placing cellular calls. After you create the usage types, you can assign
a ratio to determine the proportion of the traffic that is in each of the available
environments. In addition, you can set the service type and quality type for
each usage type. For example, if you set up four usage types for the Advanced
Business subscriber type, you could assign the weightings, service types, and
quality types shown in Table 1.
Chapter 5
Table 1 Example usage type settings

Usage
type
Indoor
Deep
Indoor
Outdoor Vehicular
Service
type
Voice
Video
WWW
Email
In this example, the total weighting value calculated across all usage types is 40.
Therefore, the Advanced Business subscriber type uses Usage 1 50% of the time,
Usage 2 10% of the time, Usage 3 20% of the time, and Usage 4 20% of the time.
To define subscriber types

1
Choose Edit
In the tree view, right-click Subscriber Types, and choose Add.

A new subnode is added to the Subscriber Types node.
In the tree view, choose the subscriber type you just added.
Click the Description tab, define a name and specify any

additional comments required.
Click the Configuration tab and define the subscriber type

configuration as required.
Chapter 5

During a Monte Carlo simulation, subscribers are spread across the analysis area
based on the traffic map and then sorted according to:
n
the subscriber type priority (defined on the Configuration tab for

each subscriber type)
the service priority (defined on the Load tab for each service)
the QoS class priority (defined on the Quality of Service tab)
Mentum Planet then determines in which clutter class a subscriber is located and
assesses the impact of environmental traits on the signal and service using the
environment settings you define as well as the usage weightings specified for each
subscriber type. For each usage type, you can define a weighting indicating the
amount of time that usage type occurs in each environment (for example, you could
define a business subscriber who uses voice service in an outdoor environment 10%
of the time). For all of the environments, you can define the penetration loss and the
required fast fading margin.
For each clutter type, you can define the characteristics of the environments within
that clutter type. The available environments are:
n
Outdooropen air environments
Vehicularmoving vehicles
Indoorbuildings or structures (normally representing areas where

single wall penetration is required)
Deep Indoorin-building areas where two-wall penetration is
required, or dense buildings where higher than normal penetration
losses are experienced
You can enable one or more of the environments for a clutter type. For each clutter
class, you indicate which environments you want to account for and then specify the
following parameters:
n
Downlink Orthogonalitythis value represents the signals

orthogonality factor in the environment of the clutter.
Slow Fading Standard Deviationthis value is used to model the
shadowing from obstacles that cannot be handled by a propagation
model. Slightly higher values (approximately 8dB) may be
appropriate for high density urban areas, lower values

(approximately 6.5dB) for open areas.
n
Outdoor Fast Fading Marginthis value represents the

extra margin required for fast power control to overcome
Rayleigh (fast) fading in the Outdoor environment of this
clutter type. Rayleigh fading is a variation of spatial path loss
that occurs on the scale of a few wavelengths; the wavelength
of a 2 000 MHz carrier is about 15 cm (6 inches).
Outdoor Penetration Lossthis value represents the
penetration loss to apply on received and transmitted signals
in the Outdoor environment for a specific clutter type.
Vehicular Fast Fading Marginthis value represents the
transmit power headroom required for fast power control to
occur and overcome Rayleigh (fast) fading in the Vehicular
environment of this clutter type. Rayleigh fading is a variation
of spatial path loss that occurs on the scale of a few
wavelengths; the wavelength of a 2 000 MHz carrier is about
15 cm (6 inches).
Vehicular Penetration Lossthis value represents the
in the Vehicular environment for a specific clutter type.
Vehicular Speedthis value represents the typical moving
speed of a mobile subscriber in a vehicular environment for a
specific clutter type.
Indoor Fast Fading Marginthis value represents the
extra margin required for fast power control to occur and
overcome Rayleigh (fast) fading in the Indoor environment of
this clutter type. Rayleigh fading is a variation of spatial path
loss that occurs on the scale of a few wavelengths; the
wavelength of a 2 000 MHz carrier is about 15 cm (6 inches).
Indoor Penetration Lossthis value represents the
in the Indoor environment for a specific clutter type
Deep Indoor Fast Fading Marginthis value represents
the extra margin required for fast power control to take place
and overcome Rayleigh (fast) fading in the Deep Indoor
environment of this clutter type. Rayleigh fading is a variation
of spatial path loss that occurs on the scale of a few
Chapter 5
wavelengths; the wavelength of a 2 000 MHz carrier is about 15 cm

(6 inches).
n
Deep Indoor Penetration Lossthis value represents the

penetration loss to apply on received and transmitted signals in the
Deep Indoor environment for a specific clutter type
When you generate the analysis, you specify the subscriber environment you want
to model (i.e., Outdoor, Indoor, Deep Indoor, Vehicular). When you generate a
Monte Carlo simulation, if an environment does not apply to a particular type of
clutter (for example, if the deep indoor environment does not apply to the Urban Commercial clutter type, the simulation will not place any subscribers in that type of
clutter in that environment.
To define environment settings

1
Choose Edit
Environments.
The Environment Editor opens.
For each clutter class, do any of the following:

n
Double-click in a table cell and type a new value.
Click the down arrow in a table cell and choose a new value.
Enable or clear the check box for the chosen setting.
Click the down arrow next to a table heading to display all the
data or a particular subset.
Right-click in a table cell to copy and paste data.
Use the buttons on the tool strip to change the display and access
additional tools such as the Show Graph window as well as the
Generate Statistics and Generate Labels features.
Press the F1 key for more information on the Environment Editor.
Chapter 5

Before generating a fixed subscriber analysis, you must place subscribers on the
map and create a fixed subscriber database (i.e., fixed subscriber table). For
example, you can create a fixed subscriber table to address the specific
requirements of the IEEE802.16d standard. When you define the subscriber settings,
you will need to associate a directive antenna with the equipment type.
To create a fixed subscriber table

1
In the Project Explorer, in the FixedSubscribers category, rightclick the technology node for which you want to create a fixed
subscriber table, and choose New.
A table is added to the Fixed Subscriber Tables node.
To change the default table name, right-click Table 1, choose

Rename and type a meaning subscriber table name.
To add subscribers to the table, right-click the fixed subscribers table

and choose Add Subscriber.
Click in the Map window at the location of the subscriber.
Repeat Step 4 until you have placed all the subscribers.
CHAPTER 6 Working With TDD Desynchronization Interference Matrices

In order to account for distant sectors that may cause interference due to TDD
de-synchronization, you can generate a TDD De-Synchronization Interference
Matrix. You can then use this interference matrix in the frequency planning
process as well as in network analyses and simulations.
NOTE: Information on histogram interference matrices is contained in the
Mentum Planet User Guide.
Creating TDD de-synchronization interference matrices
76
Chapter 6
Creating TDD de-synchronization interference

matrices
You can determine sector-to-sector interference by generating an interference
matrix. Downlink interference matrices ,however, do not take into account distant
sectors affected by TDD de-synchronization on the uplink or distant sectors that may
be causing interference because of TDD de-synchronization. In order to calculate
TDD de-synchronization interference values, you must create a TDD DeSynchronization Interference Matrix.
In addition, you define the level of interference that occurs at the sector because of
TDD De-Synchronization. When you generate a network analysis or a Monte Carlo
simulation, the uplink TDD de-synchronization interference value is taken into
account.
NOTE: Where split sectors are used, only the reference antenna (i.e., the first
antenna assigned to a sector) is considered in the interference calculations.
NOTE: Propagation models that do not have point-to-point modes are not
supported.
To create a TDD de-synchronization interference matrix

1
Do one of the following:

n
In the Project Explorer, in the RF Tools category, right-click

Interference Matrices and choose New
TDD DeSynchronization.
From the Optimizationmenu, choose Interference Matrix
Generator
TDD De-Synchronization.
In the Sector Selection dialog box, choose those sectors you want to
include in the interference matrix generation process and click OK.
Working With TDD De-synchronization Interference Matrices
Define the required calculation and histogram settings and click

Generate.
NOTE: To apply uplink TDD de-synchronization interference values, in the

Project Explorer, right-click the histogram interference matrix and choose
Apply.
CHAPTER 7 Generating Network Analyses

LTE analyses contain the information you require to determine the coverage of
your network. This chapter describes how to generate LTE analyses and view
results. It also explains how to create statistics that you can use to validate
your network design.
For information on how to generate detailed subscriber information or cell
loads, see Generating Monte Carlo Simulations.
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Deleting analyses
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Chapter 7

In Mentum Planet 5.x, you can generate an analysis with nothing more than the
equipment type and, for cdma2000 or WCDMA, a service defined in the subscriber
settings. This decreases the time required to prepare for network analysis and
results in less time being required to generate the analysis layers; however, this
type of analysis does not generate detailed subscriber information. The analysis runs
only once and generates analysis layers automatically.
Generating Network Analyses
Step 1
If you want to use the same settings for a number of analyses,

define default analysis settings.
Step 2
If you want to generate the same layers for a number of analyses,

define default layers settings.
Step 3
Create and generate a new analysis.
Step 4
View analysis layers.
Step 5
Generate layer statistics for analysis layers.
Chapter 7

By default, all of the available analysis layers are generated. To avoid lengthy
generation times when working with a large project, you can exclude layers from the
analysis generation that you do not need. The analysis layer filter enables you to
define a default list of analysis layers that is available for all of the analyses that you
create for the current project.
To define default analysis layers

1
In the Project Explorer, in the Network Analyses category, rightclick LTE Analyses and choose Default Layers.
In the LTE Analysis Layers dialog box, enable the check box next to
those layers you want to generate by default, and click OK.
Carrier-Specific LTE Analysis Layers

LTE Analysis layers are grouped into common layers and carrier-specific layers. The
carrier-specific layers represent the performance of one carrier. Table 1 details the
carrier-specific layers.
Table 1: Carrier-Specific Layers
Layer
Description
Best Server
This layer displays the best server on the downlink.

This layer is based on the downlink reference signal
power values.
Composite Best Server
This layer is the same as the best server layer, except

that for sectors with repeaters, the repeater and its
donor are treated as one combined sector.
Best Server Signal Strength
This layer displays the best server signal strength on

the downlink at each bin. This layer is based on the
downlink PA power values.
Best Server Reference

Signal Strength
This layer displays the best server reference signal

strength at each bin.
RSRP
This layer displays the best server Reference Signal

Received Power (RSRP) for the best carrier at each bin.
Best Synchronization Signal

Strength
This layer displays the best synchronization signal

Broadcast C/(N+I)
This layer displays the broadcast signal C/(N+I) at

each bin.
<Nth> Best Server
This layer displays the Nth best server on the

downlink. This layer is based on the downlink reference
power values.
<Nth> Best Server

Reference Signal Strength
This layer displays the Nth best server reference signal

Chapter 7
Layer
Description
Synchronization Signal
C/(N+I)
This layer displays the synchronization signal C/(N+I)

at each bin.
Reference C(N+I)
This layer displays the reference signal C/(N+I) at

each bin.
RSRQ
This layer displays the Reference Signal Received

Quality (RSRQ) value at each bin.
Handover Status
This layer displays whether the handover is possible

("Yes") or not. The status is determined using the A3
handover threshold defined on the Configuration tab in
the Site Editor.
Number of Potential
Handover Sectors
This layer displays the number of sectors that have a

signal strength within the number of dB defined for the
A3 handover threshold.
Handover Sector Priority
This layer displays the sector that has the strongest

signal strength (ignoring the best server) and that has
a signal strength within the number of dB defined for
the A3 Handover Threshold parameter.
Reference Coverage
Probability
This layer displays the probability of coverage for the

signal at each bin. It depends on the Reference Signal
C/(N+I), as well as on the slow fading standard
deviation value.
Reference Coverage
This layer displays whether there is reference signal

coverage. It depends on the Reference Signal
Coverage probability and the cell edge coverage
probability target.
Layer
MIMO Type
Description
The layer displays the type of MIMO technique used at
each bin.
Four classes are defined:
n
None
Diversity
MIMO (Spatial Multiplexing)
Diversity and MIMO
Diversity Gain
This layer displays the downlink diversity gain at each

bin. It depends on the antenna systems of best server
and CPE, and on the antenna algorithm selected by the
best server.
Spatial Multiplexing Gain
This layer displays the downlink spatial multiplexing

gain at each bin. It depends on the antenna systems of
best server and CPE, on the antenna algorithm
selected by the best server and on the downlink
C/(N+I) level at the bin.
Interference Coordination
This layer displays the interference coordination status

at each bin:
Downlink C/I
Inner cell
Outer cell
This layer displays the C/I ratio of the downlink traffic

data.
Chapter 7
Layer
Description
Downlink C/(N+I)
This layer displays the C/(N+I) ratio of the downlink

traffic data.
Downlink Coverage
This layer displays whether there is traffic coverage on

the downlink (if at least one downlink modulation and
coding scheme is available).
Downlink Best Available

Modulation
This layer displays the best downlink modulation and

coding scheme available at the bin. It is the best
downlink modulation and coding scheme whose
coverage probability is above the cell edge coverage
probability target.

Modulation

coding scheme available at the bin, for the best carrier.
It is the best downlink modulation and coding scheme
whose coverage probability is above the cell edge
coverage probability target.
Downlink Maximum Spectral

Efficiency
This layer displays the maximum spectral efficiency

that can be achieved on the downlink. The maximum
spectral efficiency that can be achieved depends on
radio conditions. Subscribers (i.e., locations) that have
a high signal-to-interference ratio can achieve higher
spectral efficiency than subscribers/locations that
have a poor signal-to-interference ratio.
Downlink Hard Handover

Gain
This layer displays the hard handover gain taken into

consideration when generating the downlink margin
layer. The hard handover gain is defined in the network
settings.
Layer
Description
Downlink Margin
This layer displays the difference between the actual

downlink C/(N+I) and the required C/(N+I) by the
best available modulation, expressed in dB. Diversity
gain and fade margins are also included.
Downlink Coverage
Probability
These layers display the service coverage probability

for the downlink modulation. It depends on the slow
fading standard deviation.
Downlink Probability
This layer displays the service coverage probability for

the best available downlink modulation and coding
scheme. It depends on the slow fading standard
deviation.
Downlink Maximum
Achievable Data Rate
This layer displays the maximum achievable data rate

on the downlink. It depends on the best available
modulation and coding scheme. Spatial multiplexing
gains are also included.
Downlink Average Data

Rate
This layer displays the average data rate on the

downlink. It depends on the coverage probability of all
downlink modulation and coding schemes.
Uplink C/I
This layer displays the C/I ratio of the uplink traffic

data.
Uplink C(N+I)
This layer displays the C/(N+I) ratio of the uplink

traffic data.
Chapter 7
Layer
Description
Uplink Coverage

the uplink (if at least one uplink modulation and coding
scheme is available).
Uplink Best Available

Modulation
This layer displays the best uplink modulation and

coding scheme available at the bin. It is the best uplink
modulation and coding scheme whose coverage
probability is above the cell edge coverage probability
target.
Uplink Maximum Spectral

Efficiency

that can be achieved on the uplink. The maximum
radio conditions. Subscribers (i.e., locations) that have
a high signal-to-interference ratio can achieve higher
spectral efficiency than subscribers/locations that
have a poor signal-to-interference ratio.
Uplink Margin

uplink C/(N+I) and the required C/(N+I) by the best
available modulation, expressed in dB. Diversity gain
and fade margins are also included.
Uplink Hard Handover Gain
This layer displays the hard handover gain taken into

consideration when generating the uplink margin layer
. The hard handover gain is defined in the network
settings.
Uplink Coverage Probability

for the uplink modulation. It depends on the slow
Layer
Description
Uplink Probability

the best available uplink modulation and coding
scheme. It depends on the slow fading standard
deviation.
Uplink Maximum Data Rate

on the uplink. It depends on the best available uplink
modulation and coding scheme. Spatial multiplexing
gains are also included.
Uplink Average Data Rate
This layer displays the average data rate in the uplink.

It depends on the coverage probability of all uplink
modulation and coding schemes.
Number of Uplink Resource

Blocks Per User
This layer displays,for each bin,the number of resource

blocks allocated to each user. When the layer is based
on:
n
the All Available Resource Blocks

setting, it displays the number of
resource blocks available for a
subframe.
the User-Defined setting, it displays
the user-defined value.
the Optimal setting, it displays the
optimal number of resource blocks per
user as calculated based on the
minimum, maximum, and step
settings defined.
Chapter 7
Layer
Composite Coverage
Description
This layer displays the coverage status.
n
both downlink and uplink (i.e., there is

coverage)
downlink only (coverage is therefore
uplink limited)
uplink only (coverage is therefore
downlink limited)
none (no coverage)
Worst Margin
This layer displays the lowest margin on the downlink

and the uplink expressed in dB.
Worst Co-Channel
Interfering Sector
This layer displays the name of the sector that creates

the highest level of co-carrier interference.
Common LTE Analysis Layers

LTE Analysis layers are grouped into common layers and carrier-specific layers. The
Common layers represent the performance of sectors on the best carrier or the
composite plots of multiple carriers (e.g., downlink best carrier layer). Table 1
details the common layers.
Table 1: Common Layers
Layer
Description
Best Server
This layer displays the best server on the downlink for

the best carrier. This layer is based on the downlink
reference signal power values.
Composite Best Server
This layer is the same as the best server layer, except

that for sectors with repeaters, the repeater and its
donor are treated as one combined sector.
Best Server Signal Strength
This layer displays the best server signal strength for

the best carrier on the downlink at each bin. This layer
is based on the downlink PA power values.
Best Server Reference

Signal Strength
This layer displays the best server reference signal

strength for the best carrier at each bin.
RSRP
This layer displays the best server Reference Signal

Received Power (RSRP) for the best carrier at each
bin.
Best Synchronization Signal

Strength
This layer displays the best server received

synchronization signal power for the best carrier at
each bin.
<Nth> Best Server
This layer displays the Nth best server on the downlink

for the best carrier. This layer is based on the downlink
reference power values.
<Nth> Best Server

Reference Signal Strength
This layer displays the Nth best server reference

signal strength for the best carrier at each bin.
Chapter 7
Layer
Description
Best Server Carrier
This layer displays the best carrier on which the RSRQ

is the greatest.
Downlink Best Carrier
This layer displays the name of the carrier where the

downlink C/(N+I) is the greatest.
Uplink Best Carrier
This layer displays the name of the carrier where the

uplink C/(N+I) is the greatest.
Synchronization Signal
C/(N+I)
This layer displays the synchronization signal C/(N+I)

for the best carrier at each bin.
Broadcast C/(N+I)
This layer displays the broadcast signal C/(N+I) at

each bin.
Reference C(N+I)
This layer displays the reference signal C/(N+I) for the

best carrier at each bin.
RSRQ
This layer displays the Reference Signal Received

Quality (RSRQ) value for the best carrier at each bin.
Handover Status
This layer displays whether the handover is possible

("Yes") or not. The status is determined using the A3
handover threshold defined on the Configuration tab in
the Site Editor.
Number of Potential
Handover Sectors
This layer displays the number of sectors that have a

signal strength within the number of dB defined for the
A3 handover threshold.
Handover Sector Priority
This layer displays the sector that has the strongest

signal strength (ignoring the best server) and that has
a signal strength within the number of dB defined for
the A3 Handover Threshold parameter.
Layer
Description
Reference Coverage
Probability
This layer displays the probability of coverage for the

signal for the best carrier at each bin. It depends on
the Reference Signal C/(N+I), as well as on the slow
fading standard deviation value.
Reference Coverage
This layer displays whether there is reference signal

coverage for the best carrier. It depends on the
Reference Signal Coverage probability and the cell
edge coverage probability target.
MIMO Type
The layer displays the type of MIMO technique used at

each bin, for the best carrier.
Three classes are defined:
n
None
Diversity
MIMO (Spatial Multiplexing)
Diversity Gain
This layer displays the downlink diversity gain at each

bin, for the best carrier. It depends on the antenna
systems of best server and CPE, and on the antenna
algorithm selected by the best server.
Spatial Multiplexing Gain
This layer displays the downlink spatial multiplexing

gain at each bin, for the best carrier. It depends on the
antenna systems of best server and CPE, on the
antenna algorithm selected by the best server and on
the downlink C/(N+I) level at the bin.
Chapter 7
Layer
Interference Coordination
Description
This layer displays the interference coordination
status at each bin, for the best carrier:
n
Inner cell
Outer cell
Downlink C/I
This layer displays the C/I ratio of the downlink traffic

data for the best carrier.
Downlink C/(N+I)
This layer displays the C/(N+I) ratio of the downlink

traffic data for the best carrier.
Downlink Aggregated
Maximum Achievable Data
Rate
This layer displays the total downlink maximum

achievable data rate, combining all carriers.
Data rate aggregation is only applicable to equipment
types supporting 3GPP Release 10, where up to 5
carriers can be aggregated.
Downlink Aggregated
Average Data Rate
This layer displays the overall aggregated average

data rate on the downlink for all available carriers.
carriers can be aggregated.
Downlink Coverage

the downlink (if at least one downlink modulation and
coding scheme is available) for the best carrier.
Layer
Description
Downlink Maximum
Achievable Spectral
Efficiency

that can be achieved on the downlink. The maximum
radio conditions. Subscribers (i.e., locations) that
have a high signal-to-interference ratio can achieve
higher spectral efficiency than subscribers/locations
that have a poor signal-to-interference ratio.

Modulation

coding scheme available at the bin, for the best
carrier. It is the best downlink modulation and coding
scheme whose coverage probability is above the cell
Downlink Margin

downlink C/(N+I) and the required C/(N+I) by the
best available modulation, expressed in dB. Diversity
gain and fade margins are also included.
CQI
The Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) layer displays the

CQI value that corresponds with the downlink
maximum spectral efficiency value (in useful
bits/symbol) at each pixel. This layer contains channel
feedback information sent by the user equipment to
the eNodeB.
Downlink Coverage
Probability

for the downlink modulation. It depends on the slow
Downlink Maximum
This layer displays the highest data rate that meets

coverage probability requirements. It depends on the
best available modulation and coding scheme. Spatial
multiplexing gains are also included.
Chapter 7
Layer
Description
Downlink Average Data Rate
This layer displays the average data rate on the

downlink, for the best carrier. It is calculated by
averaging all possible data rates with their coverage
probabilities. It depends on the coverage probability of
all downlink modulation and coding schemes.
Uplink Aggregated Maximum

This layer displays the overall maximum achievable

data rate, accounting for all available carriers on the
uplink, based on the number of resource blocks per
user.
carriers can be aggregated, provided that the
transmitted power remains below the maximum power
that can be transmitted by the equipment type.
Uplink Aggregated Average

Data Rate
This layer displays the overall average aggregated

data rate, accounting for all available carriers on the
uplink, based on the number of resource blocks per
user.
carriers can be aggregated, provided that the
transmitted power remains below the maximum power
that can be transmitted by the equipment type.
Uplink C/I
This layer displays the C/I ratio of the uplink traffic

data for the best carrier.
Uplink C(N+I)
This layer displays the C/(N+I) ratio of the uplink

traffic data for the best carrier.
Layer
Description
Uplink Coverage

the uplink (if at least one uplink modulation and coding
scheme is available) for the best carrier.
Uplink Best Available

Modulation
This layer displays the best uplink modulation and

coding scheme available at the bin, for the best
carrier. It is the best uplink modulation and coding
scheme whose coverage probability is above the cell
Uplink Maximum Achievable

Spectral Efficiency

that can be achieved on the uplink. The maximum
radio conditions. Subscribers (i.e., locations) that
have a high signal-to-interference ratio can achieve
higher spectral efficiency than subscribers/locations
that have a poor signal-to-interference ratio.
Uplink Margin

uplink C/(N+I) and the required C/(N+I) by the best
available modulation, expressed in dB. Diversity gain
and fade margins are also included.
Uplink Coverage Probability

the uplink modulation. It depends on the slow fading
standard deviation.
Uplink Maximum Achievable

Data Rate

on the uplink, for the best carrier. It depends on the
best available uplink modulation and coding scheme.
Spatial multiplexing gains are also included.
Chapter 7
Layer
Description
Uplink Average Data Rate
This layer displays the average data rate in the uplink,

for the best carrier. It depends on the coverage
probability of all uplink modulation and coding
schemes.
Number of Uplink Resource

Blocks Per User
This layer displays,for each bin,the number of resource

blocks allocated to each user. When the layer is based
on:
n
Uplink Transmit Power
the All Available Resource Blocks

setting, it displays the number of
resource blocks available for a
subframe.
the User-Defined setting, it displays
the user-defined value.
the Optimal setting, it displays the
optimal number of resource blocks per
user as calculated based on the
minimum, maximum, and step
settings defined.
This layer displays the required transmit power on the

uplink at each bin.
Layer
Composite Coverage
Description
This layer displays the coverage status for the best
carrier.
n
both downlink and uplink (i.e. there is

coverage)
downlink only (coverage is therefore
uplink limited)
uplink only (coverage is therefore
downlink limited)
none (no coverage)
Worst Margin
This layer displays the lowest margin on the downlink

and the uplink for the best carrier expressed in dB.
Worst Co-channel
Interfering Sector
This layer displays the name of the sector that creates

the highest level of co-carrier interference on the best
carrier.
Chapter 7

If you want to use the same settings for a number of analyses, you can define default
settings. When you create a new analysis, these defaults are automatically used.
To define default analysis settings

1
In the Project Explorer, in the Network Analysescategory, rightclick LTE Analyses and choose Default Analyses Settings.
The LTE Analysis Settings dialog box opens.
Define the default settings that you want to use, and click OK.

When you create a new analysis, it is displayed in the Project Explorer in the
Network Analyses category under the LTE Analyses node. You can create any
number of analyses for a project.
When you finish creating a network analysis, you can generate it immediately
or save the analysis settings without generating it.
To create and generate a network analysis

1
In the Project Explorer, in the Network Analyses category,

right-click LTE Analyses and choose New.
The Network Analysis Wizard opens.
On each page of the Wizard, provide the required information and

clickNext.
On the System page, provide the required information and click

Next.
Chapter 7
On the Analysis page, provide the required information, and click

Next.
On the last page of the Wizard, complete the final step and click Finish.
Network Analysis Wizard

The Network Analysis Wizard steps you through the process of generating a
network analysis (i.e., a nominal analysis).
Using a network analysis, you can perform a preliminary analysis of your
network based on the sector downlink and uplink traffic loads (as defined on
the Configuration tab in the sector settings). You define load values for sectors
based on:
n
the traffic load projections of your network
the sector loads from a Monte Carlo simulation
traffic statistics collected from the real network data
A network analysis allows you to generate analysis layers that represent

coverage and capacity performance, as well as interference environment of
your network.
Analysis - Downlink
Best Server
RSRP Thresholdtype in this box the Reference Signal Received Power
threshold above which a server can be considered the best server.
Nth Best Serverchoose from this list the number of the Nth Best Server for
which to generate a grid. For example, if you want to produce grids of the
fourth best server at all locations, choose 4.
Selection Based Onchoose how you want the best server determined by
selecting one of the following options:
n
RSRPchoose this option if you want the simulation to select

the best server according to the reference signal strength.
RSRQchoose this option if you want the simulation to select
the best server according to the reference signal receive
quality.
Chapter 7
Uplink Coverage Requiredenable this check box to ensure uplink coverage is

available when selecting the best server.
Reference Coverage Probability Based On

n
RSRPchoose this option if you want the simulation to calculate the

reference coverage probability using the RSRP threshold. Your
choice is reflected in the reference coverage probability layer
output.
RSRQchoose this option if you want the simulation to calculate
the reference coverage probability using the RSRQ threshold. Your
choice is reflected in the reference coverage probability layer
output.
Number Of Handover Candidateschoose from this list the number of handover

candidates to consider in the network analysis.
Interference Coordination Schedulingchoose from this list the type of
scheduler to use in order to efficiently coordinate interference. This box is not
available if the selected frequency band does not support interference coordination.
The following options are available:
n
Basicoptimizes resource allocations through minimal interaction

between eNodeBs.
Advancedoptimizes resource allocations through fast and
comprehensive communication between eNodeBs. As a result, the
Advanced scheduler reduces more efficiently the amount of
downlink interference.
Reference Signal Receive Quality (RSRQ)type in this box the reference signal
strength receive quality threshold used to determine the reference signal coverage.
Probability of Collision Curvedisplays the name of the mapping curve to use for
the probability of collision.
Browseclick this button to open a .cls file.
Editclick this button to open the Curve Editor.
Account For Fading When Selecting Spatial Multiplexing Gainsenable

this check box to take fading into consideration when computing spatial
multiplexing gains. When this option is enabled, the algorithm subtracts the
fast fading margin and the slow fading margin from the downlink C/(N+I)
before calculating the spatial multiplexing gain. This parameter is only
available when sectors use the following algorithms: AMS, MIMO, Smart
Antennas + AMS, or Smart Antennas +MIMO.
Number Of Uplink Resource Blocks Per User

All Available Resource Blockschoose this option to specify that all
resource blocks are used by each subscriber on the uplink.
User-Defined Number of Resource Blockschoose this option to specify
the number of resource blocks used by each subscriber on the uplink. If you
input a number that is greater than the total number of resource blocks, the
analysis will automatically use all resource blocks.
Optimalchoose this option to define the minimum and maximum number of
resource blocks to assign per user as well as the step in between. The
algorithm will then determine the ideal number of resource blocks to allocate
to each user and this value will be used to determine data rates and other
output values. You can display the "Number of Uplink Resource Blocks Per
User" layer for further study.
Uplink Power Control

Fullchoose this option to use full power control on the uplink.
Fractionalchoose this option to use uplink fractional power control. You
must specify a power control value in dBm and define a pathloss compensation
factor. When you choose this option, the transmitted power used for the
mobile equipment is impacted and, hence, so is the uplink CNIR value.
Chapter 7
Other System Interference

Interference Griddisplays the interference grid that will be used during the
analysis. If you use an interference grid, the downlink other system interference
value defined in the LTE sector settings will be ignored by the analysis. At each bin,
the value will be replaced by the value provided in the grid.
Browseclick this button to open a .grd file containing interference values to
use in place of the sector-based downlink interference values.
Remove click this button if you do not want to use an interference grid.
Center Frequency (MHz)type in this box the center frequency of the
interference source.
Bandwidth (MHz)type in this box the bandwidth of the interfering signal.
Network Analysis Wizard

The Network Analysis Wizard steps you through the process of generating a network
analysis (i.e., a nominal analysis).
Using a network analysis, you can perform a preliminary analysis of your network
based on the sector downlink and uplink traffic loads (as defined on the Configuration
tab in the sector settings). You define load values for sectors based on:
n
the traffic load projections of your network
the sector loads from a Monte Carlo simulation
traffic statistics collected from the real network data
A network analysis allows you to generate analysis layers that represent coverage
and capacity performance, as well as interference environment of your network.
System
Frequency Bandsenable the check boxes next to the frequency bands you want
to analyze. You define frequency bands in the Network Settings.
Subscriber
Equipment Typechoose from this list the equipment type for which you
want to generate an analysis. The equipment type is defined in the Subscriber
Settings.
Environmentchoose from this list the environment for which you want to
generate an analysis. You define environment settings (e.g., slow fading
standard deviation, penetration loss, fast fading margin, etc.) in the
Environment Editor.
Cell Edge Coverage Probabilitytype in this box the target probability of
coverage at the cell edge when determining the quality of service.
Channel Modelchoose from this list the channel model for which you want
to create an analysis. Available channel models are those you defined in the
project settings.
Chapter 7

You can generate an analysis after it has been created in the wizard. You can
generate an existing analysis as many times as required. If you edit a sector in the
Site Editor, your sector updates are used in subsequent analysis runs.
To generate an existing analysis

n

right-click the analysis node for which you want to generate analysis
layers and choose Generate.

Once you have generated your analysis, you can view the analysis layers that
it contains.
To view analysis layers

1
In the Project Explorer, choose the Network Analyses

category.
Right-click an analysis layer under the Analysis node and

choose View.
The analysis layer is displayed in the Map window.
TIP: To remove an analysis layer from the Map window, in the Project
Explorer, in the Network Analyses category, under the LTEAnalyses node,
right-click an analysis layer, and choose Remove.
Chapter 7

You can use the Analysis Generator to select multiple analyses to generate
sequentially. Using this method you can, for example, select a series of analyses to
generate overnight.
You can update sector information that impacts a selected analysis, however the
analysis only uses the updated information if it has not yet started to generate.
To generate multiple analyses

1
Choose Tools
In the Analysis Generator, specify which analyses you want to

generate and click Start.
Analysis Generator.
Analyses are generated in the order displayed in the Analysis Generator.

Sector information for each analysis listed is collected when the analysis
starts. If you change sector parameters and the analysis has not yet started,
changes will be included in the results.
TIP: To reorder entries in the Analysis Generator, click the column title.
Deleting analyses
Files generated from a network analysis can take up a lot of hard disk space.
You can delete analyses that are no longer required.
To delete analyses
1
In the Project Explorer, in the NetworkAnalyses category, do

any of the following:
n
Choose one or more analyses, right-click and choose Delete.

Expand an analysis node, choose one or more analysis layers,
right-click and choose Delete.
In the Mentum Planet dialog box, click Yes.

The analyses or analysis layers you chose are removed from the Project
Explorer and the files are deleted from the project folder.
Chapter 7

The Best Serving Sector Recolor tool enables you to change the color scheme used
to display best serving sector analysis layers (classified grid files).
You can use the colors defined in a sector display scheme or choose from the default
color schemes used to display best serving sector analysis layers. Sector display
schemes enable you to display analysis layers based on sector properties, such as
the downlink load. When you use a sector display scheme with the Best Serving
Sector Recolor tool, only the colors that have been defined for the scheme are used;
other sector display scheme settings, such as symbol and size, are ignored.
For information about defining sector display schemes, see Customizing sector
symbols for multiple sites in Working With Sites and Sectors, in the Mentum
Planet User Guide.
To recolor best serving sector layers

1
Choose Tools
Best Serving Sector Recolor.
The Best Serving Sector Recolor dialog box opens.
Click Browse, navigate to the <technology>_Analyses folder with the

project folder, choose the best serving sector layer (.grc) file that you
want to recolor, and click Open.
In the Apply Scheme section, choose a color scheme and click Apply.
The best serving sector layers are displayed in the Map window using the new
color scheme.
NOTE: You can modify an existing sector display scheme from within in the Best
Serving Sector Recolor dialog box by right-clicking a scheme and choosing Edit.

You can calculate statistics on the individual analysis layers that you have
generated, including preamble plan analysis layers. You can calculate
statistics based on the entire numeric grid (.grd) file, an area grid, or a
selection in the Map window. You can further customize the statistics based on
a clutter grid file, traffic map, or a user-defined filter.
After you calculate statistics, you can export statistics to Excel or to .csv files.
In Excel, you can display statistics in a myriad of different ways as shown in
Figure 7.1.
Figure 7.1: Example of layer statistics displayed in Excel.
CHAPTER 8 Generating Monte Carlo

Simulations
A Monte Carlo simulation generates information about sectors, channels, and
subscribers in your network. Using the information gathered through a Monte
Carlo analysis, you can establish cell loads and determine the operating points
of the base stations. This chapter describes how to generate a Monte Carlo
simulation and view results.
Because of the detail in Monte Carlo simulations, they can take some time to
generate. For quicker, but less detailed, analyses you can generate a
analysis. See CHAPTER 7 Generating network analyses on page 78.
114
117
121
123
124
125
128
129
130
131
132
Creating reports
137
Chapter 8

A Monte Carlo simulation is a static analysis method that uses Monte Carlo
simulation techniques to determine the characteristics of your network over
repeated runs.
A run consists of the distribution of random numbers of subscribers throughout the
analysis area in a random pattern, and an analysis of the uplink and downlink. On the
last run, operating points and discrete subscriber information are generated. Once
the runs are complete, you can view simulation layers and, if required, use the cell
load information for further analysis.
Statistically, individual runs are of little value. However, over many Monte Carlo
runs, the average result provides a realistic representation of network performance.
The results are averaged to create the operating points that are used when you
generate simulation layers.
From a network analysis point of view, the ultimate goal of a Monte Carlo simulation
is to obtain loading values on both the downlink and uplink for all sectors and carriers
included in the simulation. These loading values are used to produce coverage and
interference layers, which provide you with a visual representation of network
performance.
The following sections describe the phases of a Monte Carlo run and explain the
methods for determining how many runs are required.
The phases of a Monte Carlo simulation

There are four general phases in a Monte Carlo simulation. They involve:
n
placing subscribers in a random pattern
sorting subscribers based on their assigned priorities
analyzing the downlink and the uplink
generating operating points and subscriber information
Once convergence is reached, if there are any remaining network resources

available and you choose to use a Scheduler, the Scheduler will allocate them based
on subscriber priorities.
Generating Monte Carlo Simulations
Placing subscribers in a random pattern

Each run begins with the placement of subscribers in a random pattern
throughout the simulation area. This pattern is created using input values from
the channels defined for the band and the subscribers defined in the Subscriber
Settings. The random distribution pattern corresponds to the traffic map, and
is an efficient method for establishing transmission patterns when the exact
location of each subscriber cannot be established.
Sorting subscribers by priority

On each run, subscribers are served based on their assigned priorities. The
highest priority in each case is 1 while the lowest priority is 100. For each
subscriber type, you define the following priorities:
n
a subscriber type prioritydefined on the Configuration tab for

each subscriber type.
a service prioritydefined on the Load tab for each subscriber
service
a Quality of Service prioritydefined on the Quality of Service
tab and organized around QoS classes
Analyzing the downlink and uplink

The goal of the uplink and downlinkf analysis phase is to determine the
subscribers who can be served, taking into account the impact of each served
subscriber on the network.
The analysis begins by considering the subscribers in the simulation, then the
serving sectors for each subscriber.
The uplink analysis
n
determines the best uplink server that is also the best

downlink server
calculates the received signal-to-noise ratio C/(N+I) and
checks that the required coverage probability is achieved
Chapter 8
calculates the noise rise and checks that the limit is not exceeded
on all sectors
checks that the cell radius and speed limit are not exceeded
The downlink analysis

n
determines whether the reference signal strength and reference

signal C/(N+I) are above the targets
if interference coordination is supported, assigns the subscriber to
either the inner cell or the outer cell
calculates the received signal-to-noise ratio C/(N+I) and checks
that the required coverage probability is achieved
checks that the user limit, downlink load and throughput limit are
not exceeded
The simulation also checks the quality thresholds defined for each sector.
Generating operating points and subscriber information

On the last run, operating points and subscriber information are generated.
Operating points provide detailed information about each sector, carrerl, and
subscriber type in the simulation. The operating points are averaged and stored. You
can examine detailed operating point data by viewing the generated layers.
Subscriber information provides details on the coverage status of subscribers (also
known as discrete subscribers). Snapshots of each subscribers status are compiled
on each run of the simulation. When the simulation is complete, you can view the
subscriber spreading layer as well as the service status of each subscriber. You can
also view reports on the statistics collected. See Creating reports.

Before you generate a Monte Carlo simulation, you must define the
convergence criteria that determines when the simulation stops. If you
generate too few runs, the results will not accurately reflect the distribution of
subscribers within the network. If you generate too many runs, the processing
time can be high unnecessarily. In order to avoid either of these extremes, you
define the level of convergence, which considers the number of subscribers
blocked during a single run. If this number is stable over several runs, the
simulation ends.
Convergence method
The distribution of subscribers is affected by the traffic density. When there is
greater traffic density, fewer runs are required.
Using this approach, the runs continue until the level of convergence target is
reached. After each run, the tool calculates the level of convergence value
(see Level of Convergence calculation). When the level of convergence is
within the specified range (e.g., by default, within 5% of the target values),
the simulation ends.
To achieve results that are statistically valid, you must determine an
appropriate level of convergence. If you specify a low value (for example,
1%), more runs will be required for the solution to converge. A low level of
convergence generally requires a higher resolution digital terrain model (DTM)
to ensure accurate results. If the DTM has a low resolution, small variations in
the interference calculations between runs might cause significant differences
in the coverage area for a particular site.
The required level of convergence option requires a minimum of five runs to
complete.
Level of Convergence calculation

The following calculations are used to determine the level of convergence
during a run.
First, the number of blocked users is calculated using Equation 8.1.
Chapter 8
Equation 8.1 Mean number of blocked users

Where:
is the mean number of blocked users for a particular run
is the number of simulation runs
The divergence of consecutive values is continually calculated using the mean value.
For example:
Equation 8.2 Divergence of consecutive values
The
value and the Equation 8.2divergence value from Equation 8.1 are then used
to determine the level of convergence value, as shown in Equation 8.3.
Equation 8.3 Level of convergence calculation
If the analysis does not achieve what you consider to be an accurate model of
the network using the number of runs that you specified, you can generate
additional runs.
Factors affecting the required number of runs

The number of runs required to achieve a given level of accuracy can vary
dramatically based on several factors including:
n
the number of bins in the simulation, which is directly

proportional to the simulation area and resolution. The
number of bins in the simulation has an impact as it will
provide the number of potential points for subscribers. The
more potential points for subscribers, the greater the
likelihood of variation.
the number of subscribers to be spread. This, coupled with the
type of subscriber (for example, high data rate subscribers)
and the traffic map, has potentially the greatest impact on the
number of runs required. If you spread very few subscribers
over a large area, then you need many runs to get a good
statistical representation. If these subscribers are spread in a
limited area, then fewer runs are likely required.
the impact of each individual subscriber on the simulation.
Higher data rate subscribers create a bigger load and have a
bigger impact in all respects.
the potential variation in the locations of the subscribers in the
simulation according to the assigned traffic maps. A flat traffic
map will likely require more runs than a map where all of the
subscribers are concentrated.
the number of sectors in the simulation. A greater number of
servers, coupled with the potential for overlapping coverage
areas, and gaps in coverage, results in a higher potential for
different sectors providing service, and more runs being
required.
In general, the greater potential variability then the greater the number of runs
required to ensure a reasonable level of accuracy. It is often useful to do a
single run first, especially for large simulation areas. A single run can identify
obvious errors quickly, for example, incorrect PA power settings for a sector.
Chapter 8
TIP: To help determine whether additional runs are required, you can view the
subscriber spreading layer and use the Grid Info tool to see how many subscribers
are spread across a bin. You can also view the service status layer to see the served
status of a subscriber.
You can also examine pre-defined reports to view the operating points. For more
information on reports, see Creating reports.

Two types of layers are generated after the final Monte Carlo run:
n
Table 1
Color
the subscriber spreading layerdisplays how many

subscribers are spread across a bin. This is the average value
over all runs.
the service status layer (for each subscriber type)displays
the served status of each subscriber using the colors shown in
Table1
Subscriber status color map
Subscriber Status
Displays When..
Served
the subscriber is served and all

simulation conditions are met.
Blocked (reference signal

coverage)
The sectors' signal strength is below

the signal strength threshold
defined in the analysis settings.
Blocked (number of users)
The user limit has been reached.
Blocked (downlink power)
There are no downlink modulation

coding schemes that can be
achieved.
Blocked (uplink power)
The uplink power limit has been

reached.
Blocked (downlink
resources)
There are no downlink resources

(i.e., resource blocks) left to serve a
particular subscriber.
Blocked (uplink resources)
There are no uplink resources (i.e.,

resource blocks) left to serve a
given subscriber.
Blocked (uplink noise rise)
Serving a given subscriber leads to

an uplink noise rise on any sector to
be greater than the maximum uplink
Chapter 8
Color
Subscriber Status
Displays When..
noise rise value defined in the Site
Editor.
Blocked (maximum pooled

throughput)
Serving a given subscriber leads to

a site pooled throughput that is
greater than the maximum pooled
throughput value defined in the Site
Editor.
Blocked (coverage
distance limit)
The subscriber is outside the limit

best server coverage value defined
in the Site Editor.
The subscriber spreading layer and the service status layer are saved in the
<technology>MC_Simulations folder of your project. To ensure that these layers are
always generated during a Monte Carlo simulation, enable the Generate Layers for
4G Monte Carlo Simulations check box on the Miscellaneous panel in the User
Preferences dialog box.

Step 1
Ensure that you have defined a traffic map for the subscriber types
that covers the same area as your Monte Carlo simulation.
Step 2
If you want to use the same settings for a number of simulations,

define default simulations settings.
Step 3
Create and generate a new Monte Carlo simulation.
Step 4
View simulation layers.
Step 5
If required, generate additional runs.
Step 6
Generate statistical reports for simulation layers.
Step 7
Create reports for discrete subscriber information and operating

points.
Step 8
Optionally, generate a network analysis.
Chapter 8

If you want to use the same settings for a number of Monte Carlo simulations, you
can define default settings. When you create a new simulation, these defaults are
automatically used.
To define default Monte Carlo simulation settings

1
In the Project Explorer, in the Monte Carlo Simulations category,

right-click LTE Simulations and choose Default Simulation
Settings.
The Monte Carlo Simulation dialog box opens.
Define the default settings that you want to use, and click OK.

When you create a new simulation, it is displayed in the Project Explorer in the
Monte Carlo Simulations category under the <Technology> Simulations node.
You can create any number of simulations for a project. When you finish
creating a Monte Carlo simulation, you can generate it immediately or save the
simulation settings without generating it.
To create and generate a new Monte Carlo simulation

1
In the Project Explorer, in the Monte Carlo Simulations

category, right-click LTE TDD Simulations and choose New.
The Monte Carlo Simulation Wizard opens.
On the System page, provide the following information and click

Next.
Chapter 8
On the Analysis page, provide the following information and click

Next.
On the Monte Carlo page, provide the following information and

click Next.
On the last page of the Wizard, complete the final step and click
Finish.
A new simulation node is created in the Project Explorer.
TIP: To view the settings of a simulation, in the Project Explorer, in the Monte
Carlo Simulations category, right-click the simulation and choose View
Settings.
TIP: To view which sectors are part of a simulation, in the Project Explorer, in
the Monte Carlo Simulations category, right-click the simulation and choose
View Selected Sectors.
Chapter 8

You can generate a simulation after it has been created in the wizard and can
generate an existing simulation as many times as required. After viewing the
simulation report and discrete subscriber information, you may determine that
additional runs are required to achieve greater accuracy. The additional simulation
runs are based on the operating points obtained from the existing simulation. The
new results are generated using the statistics collected from all simulation runs.
NOTE: If you edit a sector in the Site Editor, your updates are used in subsequent
simulation runs.
To generate an existing simulation

n

category, right-click the simulation node for which you want to
generate layers and choose Generate.

Once you have generated a simulation, you can view the simulation layers that
it contains.
To view simulation layers

1
In the Project Explorer, choose the Monte Carlo Simulations

category.
Right-click a simulation layer under the LTETDDSimulations

node and choose View.
The simulation layer is displayed in the Map window.
NOTE: If you rename a simulation in the Project Explorer, any layers currently
open or displayed in the Map window will be closed.
Chapter 8

Files generated from a simulation can take up a lot of hard disk space. You can delete
simulations that are no longer required.
To delete simulation layers

1
In the Project Explorer, in the Monte Carlo Simulations category,

do any of the following:
n
Choose one or more simulation layers, right-click and choose

Delete.
Expand a simulation node, choose one or more simulation layers,
right-click and choose Delete.
In the Mentum Planet dialog box, click Yes.

The simulation layers you chose are removed from the Project Explorer and
the files are deleted from the project folder.

Once you have generated a Monte Carlo simulation, you have the option of
using the results of the simulation to update the target values for the uplink
noise rise and downlink for each sector. These values are used in network
analyses.
To update analysis cell loads

1
In the Project Explorer, in the Monte Carlo Simulation

category, right-click a Monte Carlo simulation and do one of the
following:
n
To Update The Target Values For All Sectors In The

Chosen Group, Choose Apply Cell Loads.
To update the target values for selected sectors within the
group, choose Apply Cell Loads to Selected Sectors,
specify the sectors to which you want to apply changes, and
click OK.
In the confirmation dialog box, click OK.

The values displayed in the Channels table on the Configuration tab are
updated. This includes the Downlink Loading (%), the Uplink Loading
(%), the Uplink Noise Rise (%), the Segment Zone Usage (dB), and the
AAS Usage (%).
Chapter 8

You can calculate statistics on the individual analysis layers that you have
generated, including preamble plan analysis layers. You can calculate statistics
based on the entire numeric grid (.grd) file, an area grid, or a selection in the Map
window. You can further customize the statistics based on a clutter grid file, traffic
map, or a user-defined filter.
To evaluate how using different types of antenna systems impacts network
performance:
n
Create layer statistics for the Downlink Maximum Achievable Data

Rate layer.
In the Layer Statistics Analysis dialog box, use the best server
classified grid to calculate statistics.
In the Report Preview, filter on a given range and choose the
Percentage Sub Area column.
Click the Generate Sector Display Scheme button and define a
sector display scheme to apply to the map.
After you calculate statistics, you can export statistics to Excel or to .csv files. In
Excel, you can display statistics in a myriad of different ways as shown in Figure 8.1
Figure 8.1: Example of graph displays in Excel.
To calculate layer statistics

1

choose the simulation layers that you want to add to the report,
right-click and choose Statistics.
To manually add additional simulation layers to the list, click Add

Layer, navigate to the file that you want to add, and click Open.
In the tree view, choose Analysis Settings.
On the Analysis Settings panel, define the analysis area.
Do any of the following:

n
To remove bins with null values from the analysis layer

calculations, enable the Exclude Null Values check box.
To generate additional statistics, broken down by a
classification, enable the Use Classified Grid check box,
click Browse to navigate to the file, choose the file and click
OK.
Any classified grid can be used to perform different kinds of
statistical analysis. For example, to produce a statistical
breakdown for each sector, use a best server layer as the
Chapter 8
classification grid. This breaks the statistics down by best server

area.
n
To generate traffic statistics, enable the Use Traffic Map check

box and choose a traffic map from the Traffic Map list.
To generate additional statistics, broken down by a classification,
enable the Use Classified Grid check box, click Browse to
navigate to the file, choose the file and click OK.
Any classified grid can be used to perform different kinds of
statistical analysis. For example, to produce a statistical breakdown
for each sector, use a best server layer as the classification grid.
This breaks the statistics down by best server area.
To generate traffic statistics, enable the Use Traffic Map check

box and choose a traffic map from the Traffic Map list.
To generate additional statistics, broken down by a numeric
classification, enable the Use Numeric Grid check box, click
Browse to navigate to the file, choose the file and click OK.
To filter the analysis area based on a grid file, enable the Apply Area
Filter check box.
The area filter is applied globally to all layers.
If you want to define individual area filters for each layer, enable the
Set Area Filter By Layer check box.
If you are applying area filters globally to all layers, do the following:
n
To define the area raster, click Browse, navigate to the grid file,
and click OK.
To define the condition for the filter, type an expression in the
Condition box. For example, choosing the SignalStrength.grd file
and defining the expression would only consider pixels within the
analysis area that have a signal strength greater than 100.
To discard statistical results that only contain zero values, enable the
Discard Result That Only Contains Zero Statistics check box.
With this check box enabled, records where all columns contain zero values
will be removed from the statistical report.
10 In the tree view, expand the Layers node and choose the
analysis layer for which you want to obtain statistics.
11 If you want to define classification settings for the analysis layer,

define any of the available settings in the Classifications
Settings section.
12 If you want to define area filters for individual layers and have
enabled the Set Area Filter By Layer check box on the Analysis
Settings panel, click the Area Filters button.
Area filter settings are saved in LayerStatistics.set file located in the
Settings/Layer Statistics folders within the project folder.
13 Click Calculate Statistics.

The Report Preview dialog box opens
14 Change the Report Preview display as required using the

available toolbar buttons
15 To view statistics on column data, choose one or more data

columns and click the Generate Statistics button.
Chapter 8
The Generate Statistics dialog box opens where you can view the mean value,
the minimum value, the maximum value, the median value, the root mean
square, and the standard deviation for each column.
16 If the report statistics include the site and sector data, you can create a
sector display scheme to apply to report data by doing the following:
n
Choose the column of data for which you want to create a sector
display scheme.
Click the Generate Sector Display Scheme button.
17 Define the sector display scheme name and ,in the Sector Display
Scheme dialog box, define the parameters upon which you want the
scheme to be based.
18 To view the layer statistics upon which the scheme is based, click the
Data button.
19 Review the data and click Close.

20 In the Sector Display Scheme dialog box, save or apply the sector
display scheme as required.
21 If the report includes site and sector data, you can display labels in the
Map window based on a selected data column by doing the following:
n
Choose the column of data that you want to use as the basis for the
site labels.
Click the Generate Labels button.
To filter data in the Report Preview dialog box, do any of the following:
n
click the arrow next to a column heading and enable the check
boxes next to the information you want to view.
click the Custom button to create a custom And/Or filter.
22 To save the selected sites, click the

23 To export the data to Excel, in the Report Preview dialog box, click
the Export Data To A File button and define export settings as
required.
Creating reports
After generating a Monte Carlo simulation, you can view details of the
simulation in the Report Preview dialog box and export the reports to Excel for
further analysis.
To create reports
1

category, right-click a simulation and choose Generate Reports
and then choose one of the following options:
n
Subscriberscontains the reasons subscribers were blocked

on either a global or per sector/channel basis.
Throughputcontains throughput information sorted by
subscriber type, service, and environment on either a global
or per subscriber basis.
All Run Sector/Channelcontains analysis information for
each run performed in the simulation sorted by sector and
channel.
In the Report Preview dialog box, do any of the following:

n
Sector/Channelcontains analysis information sorted by

sector and channel including PA power, preamble power,
downlink load, uplink noise rise, etc.
To change the columns displayed in the dialog box, click the

Change Options button.
To sort the data in ascending order, click the Sort In
Ascending Order button.
To sort the data in descending order, click the Sort In
Descending Order button.
To view statistics on a particular column in the report, choose a

data column and click the Generate Statistics button.
Chapter 8
The Generate Statistics window opens where you can view the mean value,
the minimum value, the maximum value, the median value, the root mean
square, and the standard deviation.
If the report statistics include the site and sector data, you can create a
sector display scheme to apply to report data by doing the following:
n
Click the Generate Sector Display Scheme button and define the
sector display scheme settings you want to use.
If the report statistics include the site and sector data, you can display
labels in the Map window based on a selected data column by doing the
following:
n
Choose the column of data for which you want to create a sector
display scheme.
Choose the column of data that you want to use as the basis for the
site labels.
Click the Generate Labels button.
To export the data to Excel, in the Report Preview dialog box, click
the Export Data To A File button.
The Export Options dialog box opens.
In the Select Export format section, choose one of the following

options:
CSVto export statistics to Comma Separated Values (.csv)

file.
If you are exporting to Excel, do the following:

n
Excelto export statistics to an Excel (.xls) file.
To open the file once the export is complete, enable the Open
File Or Folder Upon Export check box.
In the Export Settings section, click Browse to define a file
name.
To use a template, enable the Use A Template check box
and click Browse to specify the template file.
If the template uses macros, enable the Use Macros check
box.
If you are exporting to .csv files, do the following:

n
In the Export Settings section, enable the Export Header

Row if you want to include a header in the exported files.
Click Browse to define a folder for the exported output.
10 Click OK.
CHAPTER 9 Generating Fixed Subscriber

Analyses
There could be many reasons for generating a fixed subscriber analysis. It
depends on the environment you are modeling and the resources at hand. You
could, for example, be modeling a fixed network. Or, due to capacity
requirements, you could be modeling a hybrid network with support for both
mobile users and fixed subscribers.
By generating a Mentum Planet fixed subscriber analysis, you can evaluate
and analyze network performance at discrete subscriber locations with a
variety of equipment configurations.
141
143
144
146
Chapter 9

An unprecedented demand for wireless data and many advances in mobile
communication technologies are behind the need to move third generation (3G)
networks to forth generation (4G) wireless solutions.
Two popular 4G technologies, LTE and WiMAX, not only enable true mobile
broadband capabilities but also the convergence of fixed and mobile services. The
all-IP based packet core network architecture and the high-efficient flexible air
interface of 4G networks offers operators great opportunities and capabilities to
deploy integrated applications that provide high-speed mobility services, as well as
fixed broadband wireless access services.
In addition to the nature of fixed locations, the services and applications used by
fixed subscribers, quality of service requirement, can be very different from the ones
that are typically used by mobile subscribers.
The behaviors and usage patterns of two types of subscribers can also be very
different. Therefore, when planning or optimizing a 4G-based system that provides
hybrid mobility and fixed access services, you need to ensure that the network not
only meets the performance requirement imposed by mobile subscribers, but also
supports and delivers the robust quality of service to fixed subscribers.
Mentum Planet fixed subscriber analyses provide you with the tools you need to
evaluate and analyze network performance at discrete subscriber locations with
variety of CPE configurations.
Before you generate an analysis

The first step in creating a fixed subscriber analysis is to create a fixed subscriber
table. You then place subscribers on the map. Subscriber information along with the
equipment configuration is saved in a subscriber table as a comma separated value
file and stored in the Fixed Subscriber Tables folder within the project. You can edit
subscriber information using the Subscriber Editor or by editing the subscriber table
directly.
You can set the subscriber prediction type to be either ground level or equipment
antenna height. This enables you to model different types of fixed terminal
equipment. The equipment antenna height type of prediction is particularly useful
when an external antenna is used on the Customer Premise Equipment (e.g., when
Generating Fixed Subscriber Analyses
the equipment is mounted on top of a building). For these types of predictions,

point-to-point predictions are generated on-the-fly from all the neighboring
sectors to the terminal equipment. Neighbors are those sectors with a
prediction distance that is greater than the distance between the sector and
the terminal equipment location.
TIP: You can import an existing fixed subscriber database or you can define
subscribers in the Tabular Editor or Excel worksheet.
How the analysis is performed

Instead of analyzing every bin in a area for a particular type of subscriber
equipment, service, and environment, and then generating a set of analysis
layers in a mobile network analysis, the fixed subscriber analysis analyzes
network performance at discrete subscriber locations defined in the fixed
subscriber table. If required, for each subscriber, you can define a unique
configuration (e.g., locations, CPE with integrated antenna, or CPE with
directional antenna mounted at roof top). For example, at the same location,
you may have multiple subscribers but each subscriber is at a different height.
This is a configuration that would be required if subscribers, for example, in the
same apartment building are located on a different floor (i.e., at a different
level).
For every subscriber, the analysis predicts the signal strengths at the location,
and determines the best parent server and the potential second best server.
The downlink and uplink performance, in terms of best available modulation,
maximum achievable data rate, coverage probability, margins, etc. are then
analyzed. You can, however, change how the best server is determined by
configuring subscribers to use the forced connection. While an optimal
connection uses the best server in the analysis, the forced connection selects
a specific site and sector as the best server as defined in the Fixed Subscriber
Editor for each subscriber.
The analysis results of each subscriber are stored in the fixed subscriber table.
Chapter 9

Before you can accurately analyze fixed subscribers, you need to ensure that the
subscriber configuration mirrors the real-world characteristics of the users.
TIP: To edit subscriber information for many subscribers, right-click the

subscriber table and choose one of the following commands:
n
n
Edit to modify information in the Tabular Editor

Edit in Excel to modify information in Excel
To edit fixed subscribers using the Subscriber Editor

1
In the Map window, right-click a subscriber and choose Edit Fixed

Subscriber.
In the Subscriber Editor, define subscriber parameters as required

and click OK.

When you create a new fixed subscriber analysis, it is displayed in the Project
Explorer in the Fixed Subscribers category. You can create any number of
analyses for a project.
To generate a fixed subscriber analysis

1
In the Project Explorer, right-click the subscribers table and

choose Analyze.
In the Sector Selection dialog box, specify those sectors you

want to analyze and click Next.
On each page of the Wizard, provide the required information

and clickNext.
On the Analysis page, provide the required information.
Chapter 9
Click Finish.
To view analysis results

n
Right-click the subscriber table and choose Edit In Excel.

In order to evaluate the impact of a subscriber, you can generate an analysis
of a single subscriber.
To analyze a single subscriber

1
In the Map window, right-click a subscriber, and choose Edit

Fixed Subscriber.
In the Subscriber Editor, click the Analyze tab, and specify the
frequency band, sector selection as well as the prediction
parameter, and then click Analyze.
The Values column is updated with data from the analysis.
CHAPTER 10 Generating Frequency And

Physical Cell ID Plans Automatically
This chapter explains how to create a frequency plan and physical cell ID plan
using the Automatic Frequency and Physical Cell ID Planning tool.
Chapter 10
Automatic Frequency and Physical Cell ID Planning

Use the Automatic Frequency and Physical Cell ID Planning dialog box to define the
settings you want to use to create a frequency plan. Automatic frequency planning
uses the settings that you define to create a plan automatically with the lowest cost
that violates the fewest constraints. An optimal frequency plan efficiently reuses
frequencies while minimizing the total interference experienced in a network.
You can also create a physical cell ID plan. LTE supports 504 different physical cell
IDs ranging from 0 to 503. The generation of a frequency or physical cell ID plan is
realized through a series of iterations. Each iteration creates a plan.
General
Plan Nametype in this box a name for the frequency and physical Cell ID plan.
This box is unavailable when you are viewing the properties of an existing plan.
Group to Planchoose from this list the sector group for which you want to plan
frequencies and/or physical cell IDs. To plan for all sectors, choose All Sectors. This
box is unavailable when you are viewing the properties of an existing plan.
Generally, the group to consider will encompass a larger area then the group to plan
but will include the area covered by the sectors for which you are planning
frequencies.
Frequency Bandchoose from this list the frequency band for which to create the
frequency plan.
Interference Matrix
Namechoose from this list the interference matrix you want to use in the planning
process.
Absolute Costchoose this option to use the affected area or the affected traffic
from the interference matrix as displayed. Using this option results in a more optimal
distribution of CNIR (weighted by area or traffic)
Relative Costchoose this option to use the affected area or the affected traffic
from the interference matrix as a percentage.
Generating Frequency And Physical Cell ID Plans Automatically
Plan Generation Option

Frequency Planchoose this option to generate a frequency plan only.
Physical Cell ID Planchoose this option to generate a physical cell ID plan
only.
Frequency Plan and Physical Cell ID Planchoose this option to generate
both a frequency plan and a physical cell ID plan.

Frequency
Use this tab to define interference thresholds and carrier allocation costs to be
used by the frequency planning algorithm. The carrier spacing between any
two carriers is calculated according to their center frequencies. A constraint is
violated if the separation between two carriers assigned to the same sector or
site is less than the predefined minimum separation. This tab is not visible
when you choose the Physical Cell ID option on the General tab.
Interference Threshold
Use this section to define interference thresholds and associated violation
costs to be used by the frequency planning algorithm. These settings
represent the amount of interference between any two sectors in terms of cochannel and adjacent channel interference. By default, the relative affected
area or relative affected traffic value is used to evaluate the level of
interference between a pair of sectors. If the plan you are creating is
encompasses more than a single carrier, the Adjacent Channel row is not
available.
Threshold (%)click in this field to define the maximum amount of
interference allowed before a violation cost is incurred.
Chapter 10
Violation Costclick in this field to define the cost incurred when the threshold is
surpassed.
Carrier Allocation Cost

Same Sectortype in this box the violation cost incurred when the associated
carrier separation is violated on the same sector. This setting represents the
minimum separation between carriers that are assigned to the same sector. The
separation unit is a carrier bandwidth (i.e., a separation of 2 equals two carrier
bandwidths). The minimum same sector carrier separation is 1. If a sector needs
more than one carrier , the minimum separation between carriers is 1 x carrier
bandwidth. The same carrier will not be used twice by the same sector.
Same Sitetype in this box the violation cost incurred when the associated carrier
separation is violated on the same site. This setting represents the minimum
separation between carriers that are assigned to the same site. The separation unit
is a carrier bandwidth (i.e., a separation of 2 equals two carrier bandwidths).
Addclick this button to add a row to the Carrier Allocation Cost table.
Removeclick this button to remove the Carrier Allocation Cost table.
Keep Existing Carrier Assignmentsenable this check box if you want to keep
the existing carrier assignments.
Algorithm Ending
Manualchoose this option to stop the planning process by clicking Stop or when
the maximum number of runs has been reached.
Convergencechoose this option to stop the planning process using the
convergence criteria you define. The algorithm will stop when one of the three
defined criteria is met.
Minimum Number of Runstype in this box the minimum number of iterations
you want to generate.
Maximum Number of Runstype in this box the maximum number of iterations
you want to generate whether convergence is reached or not.
Required Convergence Leveltype in this box the required level of convergence
in order to end the planning process.
Generating Frequency And Physical Cell ID Plans Automatically

Physical Cell ID Planning
Optimization
Use Same Cell Identity Group for Co-Site Sectorsenable this check
box to assign the same cell identity group to co-site sectors.
Avoid Same Physical Cell ID for Neighbor Sectorsenable this check
box to eliminate or minimize instances where the same physical cell ID is
assigned to neighboring sectors. When this constraint is violated, a cost is
incurred in the frequency planning process.
Different Downlink Reference Signal Sequencesenable this check box
to use different reference signal sequences on the downlink. When you choose
this option, the algorithm assigns physical cell IDs so that different downlink
reference signal sequences will be used by interfering sectors. When this
constraint is violated, a cost is incurred in the frequency planning process.
Different Uplink Reference Signal Sequencesenable this check box to
use different reference signal sequences on the uplink. When you choose this
option, the algorithm assigns physical cell IDs so that different uplink
reference signal sequences will be used by interfering sectors. When this
constraint is violated, a cost is incurred in the frequency planning process.
Neighbor Planchoose from this list the neighbor plan you want to use in the
frequency and physical cell ID planning process.
Carrierchoose from this list the carrier you want to use in the frequency and
physical cell ID planning process.
Keep Existing Physical Cell ID Assignmentsenable this check box if you
want to retain existing Physical Cell ID assignments. By keeping existing
Physical Cell ID assignments, you may preserve PCIDs that are reserved if you
apply reserved values to all assignments.
Chapter 10
Reserve Physical Cell IDtype in this box the Physical Cell ID numbers you want
to exclude from the planning process and then choose how you want the reserved
PCIDs applied. You can type reserved physical cell ID numbers separated by a
comma (e.g., 5,6,7) or you can enter a range (e.g., 5-7).
n
All Assignmentschoose this option to reserve the specified

PCIDs when assigning PCID values to any sector (whether it is a
sector currently assigned a PCID or it is a sector without an assigned
PCID).
New Assignments Onlychoose this option to reserve the
specified PCIDs when assigning PCID values to sectors that do not
currently have PCIDs assigned. The reserved PCIDs will not be
respected when assigning PCIDs to sectors with existing PCIDs.
Algorithm Ending
Manualchoose this option if you want to click Stop to end the planning process. As
the Automatic Frequency and Physical Cell ID Planning tool works to generate a
solution, the Generate button changes to a Stop button. Clicking this button will end
the planning process.
Convergencechoose this option to define the end point of the planning process
and define the convergence criteria.
Minimum Number of Runstype in this box the minimum number of iterations
you want to generate.
Maximum Number of Runstype in this box the maximum number of iterations
you want to generate whether convergence is reached or not.
Required Convergence Leveltype in this box the required level of convergence
in order to end the planning process.
CHAPTER 11 Planning PRACHRoot Sequences

Planning the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) is a key task to
complete before network launch in order to ensure that calls are carried
seamlessly. The PRACH channel is used for initial network access or when User
Equipments are in handover. It is also used for uplink synchronization and
cannot carry user data.
154
155
156
157
158
Chapter 11

The LTE physical layer encompasses the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH),
which carries random access requests from the user equipment in the network. The
preamble signal sent to the site is selected from available Zadoff-Chu sequences.
Which sequences are selected is determined by the PRACH parameters assigned to
the sector. This ensures that neighboring sites do not use overlapping sequences.
Figure 11.1: Logical, transport, and physical channel layers.

In Mentum Planet, you must assign sequences to each sector. You can view the
assignments in the Site Editor and export them for further manipulation. You can also
visualize the sequences assigned to sectors using the PRACH Root Sequence Display
tool.
Planning PRACHRoot Sequences

Step 1
In the Network Settings dialog box, define the PRACH configuration.

See "Defining PRACH-related network settings" on page 157.
Step 2
In the Site Editor, for each sector, define the PRACH-related

parameters and the Zadoff-Chu sequences. See "Defining PRACHrelated parameters" on next page.
Step 3
Analyze the reuse of PRACH root sequences using the PRACH Root
Sequence Display tool. See "Displaying PRACH root sequence
assignments" on page 158.
Chapter 11

For each sector, you define the Preamble Random Access Channel (PRACH)
parameters as well as the Zadoff-Chu sequences.
To define PRACH-related parameters

1
With an LTE project open, in the Sites category of the Project

Explorer, open the Site Editor.
In the tree view, select a sector and click the Configuration tab.
Define configuration parameters including the PRACH parameters and

the Zadoff-Chu sequence.
Repeat for all sectors.

In order to plan PRACH root sequences, you must define PRACH parameters in
the Frame Editor for the frame configuration you are to use. Valid values
depend on the frame configuration, the special subframe configuration and the
downlink cyclic prefix.
To define PRACH-related network settings

1
With a LTE project open, choose Edit
In the Network Settings dialog box, in the tree view, choose

LTE FDD or LTE TDD.
Click the Frame Setup tab.
In the Frame Configuration section, click Add to define a new

configuration.
Click Edit to modify the configuration.
In the Frame Editor, click the Uplink tab.
In the Preamble Random Access section, define the following

parameters:
Network Settings.
Preamble Format
Number of PRACH Resources Per Frame
Click OK.
Chapter 11

Use the Carrier and PRACH Sequence Display tool to analyze the reuse of PRACH root
sequences.
To display PRACH root sequence assignments

1
With a LTE project open, choose Tools

Display
LTE FDD or LTE TDD.
In the Sector Selection dialog box, choose the sectors for which you
want to view the PRACH root sequence assignments and click OK.
PRACH Root Sequence
The Carrier and PRACH Sequence Display dialog box opens.
In the Mode section, choose whether you want to view a display

for all sectors or a specific sector.
In the View section, if you have a best server grid available,

enable the Use Best Server Grid check box and choose the one
you want to use from the associated list.
Choose one of the following options:

n
Carrierto display the assigned carrier in the Map window.

PRACH Sequenceto display the assigned PRACH sequence
in the Map window.
Carrier/PRACH Sequenceto display the assigned carrier
and PRACHsequence in the Map window.
Click View.
CHAPTER 12 Optimizing Network Design

You can optimize network design using the Automatic Cell Planning (ACP)
features of Mentum Planet in order to extend coverage and increase capacity
by fine tuning antenna parameters and by activating only those sites that best
fit the network design and goals.
For information about the ACP tool and the workflow to follow, see "Optimizing
Network Design" in the Mentum Planet User Guide.
NOTE: Generic, Fixed WiMAX, WiMAX TDD, and iDEN are not supported in this
release.
162
163
Chapter 12

Optimization goals aim to define network coverage and capacity targets. For each
technology, there is an associated list of goals. For each goal, there is a defined
weight that indicates the importance of the goal in the network optimization process.
You can further refine optimization goals by using bin weighting through the use of a
traffic map or customized grid.
NOTE: Optimization goals take into account the penetration losses that are defined
in the Environment Editor.
LTE FDD and LTETDD

RSRP Coveragethe goal is to maximize the area or traffic with all bins in the
optimization area exceeding the RSRP threshold.
RSRQ Coveragethe goal is to maximize the area or traffic with all bins in the
optimization area exceeding the RSRQ threshold.
Reference C/(N+I) Coveragethe goal is to maximize the area or traffic with all
bins in the optimization area exceeding the Reference C/(N+I) threshold.
Downlink C/(N+I) Coveragethe goal is to maximize the area or traffic with all
bins in the optimization area exceeding the Downlink C/(N+I) threshold.
Spectral Efficiencythe goal is to optimize the spectral efficiency that can be
achieved. By using a traffic map to optimize the spectral efficiency in areas with a lot
of traffic, you can improve the overall network capacity.
Capacitythe goal is for sectors to have loads as close as possible to the userdefined target cell load.
Uplink Coveragethe goal is to maximize the area or traffic with all sectors in the
optimization area exceeding the uplink signal strength threshold.
Limit Coveragethe goal is to minimize the area or traffic in the optimization area
for which the RSRP exceeds the RSRP threshold.
Optimizing Network Design

Easy-to-use Wizards take you through the process of optimizing the network.
This section contains examples of how you can use optimization goals.
EXAMPLE: You could create two LTE goals:RSRP Coverage and RSRQ
Coverage. You could then combine these goals in order to optimize your
network.
To create an optimization profile for LTE goals

1
In the Project Explorer, in the Optimization category, rightclick Optimization Profiles and choose New.
In the Optimization Profile Editor, in the tree view, right-click

Goals and choose Add LTE FDD Goal.
On the associated panel, define the required parameters as

shown below.
Chapter 12
Repeat steps 2 and 3 to add another goal for RSRQ Coverage.
To create a combined goal and associated weighting value, in the tree

view, choose the top-level Goals node.
On the associated panel, ctrl+click to select the two goals you

defined, then right-click and choose Combine.
The combined goal is added to the tree view.
Expand the Combined Goal node and choose the newly created
combined goal.
EXAMPLE: You could create two goals for different technologies: RSRP and
Pilot Ec and then use them to optimize your network.
Chapter 12
To create an optimization profile with goals for disparate

technologies
1
In the Project Explorer, in the Optimization category, right-click

Optimization Profiles and choose New.
In the Optimization Profile Editor, in the tree view, right-click Goals

and choose Add LTE Goal.
On the associated panel, define the required parameters as shown

below.
Repeat steps 2 and 3 to add a cdma2000 goal for Pilot Ec Coverage as

shown below.
EXAMPLE: You could create two cdma2000 goals: Pilot Ec and Pilot Ec/Io. You
could then combine these two goals in order to optimize your network.
To create an optimization profile for cdma2000 goals

1
In the Project Explorer, in the Optimization category, rightclick Optimization Profiles and choose New.
In the Optimization Profile Editor, in the tree view, right-click

Goals and choose Add Cdma2000 - 1xRTT Goal.
On the associated panel, define the required parameters as

shown below.
Chapter 12
Repeat Steps 2 and 3 to add a goal for Pilot Ec/Io Coverage and define
parameters as shown below.
To create a combined goal and associated weighting value, in the

tree view, choose the top-level Goals node.
On the associated panel, Ctrl+click to select the two goals you

defined and then right-click and choose Combine.
The combined goal is added to the tree view.
Expand the Combined Goal node and choose the newly created
combined goal.
Chapter 12
On the associated panel, assign a weight of 1 to the combined goal.

A weight of zero means the goal won't have an impact on the optimization
results.
Click OK.

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CHAPTER 2 Defining network settings

Understanding network settings

Base station types

Workflow for defining network settings

Defining network settings

To define network settings

To define frame configurations

CHAPTER 3 Configuring and placing sites

LTE TDD User Guide i

Workflow for configuring and placing sites

Using site templates

To create a site template

To rename a site template

To set the site template as active

To view a site template

To delete a site template

Understanding sites and sectors

General site parameters

General sector parameters

Custom user data

Placing sites automatically

Determining site placement in the Basic mode

Determining site placement in the Advanced mode

To place sites in Basic mode

To place sites in Advanced mode

Defining link configurations

Losses and gains

To define link configurations

To view or hide unassigned link configurations

Creating and editing sites

To create a new site

To edit site parameters

ii LTE TDD User Guide

To create a new site based on an existing site

Types of repeater implementations

Using split sectors

Using distributed antenna systems

Repeaters and predictions

Workflow for adding repeaters to sectors

Adding repeaters to sectors

To add repeaters to sectors

Locating repeaters in a Map window

To locate repeaters in a Map window

CHAPTER 5 Defining subscribers

Workflow for creating subscriber types

Defining subscriber equipment types

To define subscriber equipment types

Defining subscriber services

To define subscriber services

Defining subscriber types

To define subscriber types

Defining environment settings

To define environment settings

Creating a fixed subscriber database

To create a fixed subscriber table

LTE TDD User Guide iii