Gray- sa gender

Yellow- sa age
Bluegreen-birth order

Gender Differences in Five Factor Model of Personality and Sensation Seeking ( Sept.
1, 2012)
url: www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/51877042812017168
in their study 117 undergraduate students (108 females and 69 males) from
University of Tehran using cluster sampling were selected. According to their
findings, significant differences in big five factor of personality was found between
male and female students (p<0.01). girls showed significantly higher scores on
openness to experience and agreeableness compared with boys. Moreover,
sensation seeking of boys was significantly different from girl (p<0.05). male
students, showed significantly higher scores on subscales of thrill and adventure
seeking, disinhibition, and boredom susceptibility than female students.

Online Journal PLoSONE January 14, 2012

Marco Del Giudice and his collaborators compared the personality traits of men and
women in sample of over 10,000 people and they found the huge difference.
Women scored much higher than in men in sensitivity, warmth and apprehension,
while men scored higher than women in Emotional Stability, dominance, ruleconsciousness and vigilance. Essentially, they suggests that when it comes to
personality men and women belong to two different species.

url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21193184
Personality differences according to age and sex in a Mexican sample using the
temperament and character inventory-Revised 2011
The objective of their study is to compare personality features according to age and
sex cohorts in a community sample of Mexico City using the Temperament and Character InventoryRevised (TCI-R) and to examine the TCI-R psychometric properties according to age and sex
parameters. 2076 participants filled out the Spanish version. Their results were younger subjects
exhibited higher novelty seeking. Self-directedness and cooperativeness scores increased with age.
Harm avoidance and self-transcendence were lower in younger adults when compared with older
subjects. Women scored higher than men in harm avoidance and reward dependence. Men between 26
and 45 years old reported higher novelty seeking. Women older than 25 years scored higher in self-

transcendence, and those older than 45 years exhibited higher cooperativeness scores. The identified
TCI-R structure corresponded to the original one. Internal consistency of the higher-order dimensions was
good in all age cohorts, in men and women, and in the total sample.

https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/psychology/development-psychology/psychosocialdevelopment-age-1219/the-search-for-identity-age-1219

Adolescence is the period of transition between childhood and adulthood. Developmentalists

have traditionally viewed adolescence as a time of psychosocial storm and stressof bearing
the burdens of wanting to be an adult long before becoming one. Developmentalists today are
more likely to view adolescence as a positive time of opportunities and growth, as most
adolescents make it through this transition without serious problems or rifts with parents.

Erikson noted that the chief conflict facing adolescents at this stage is one of identity
versus identity confusion. Hence, the psychosocial task for adolescents is to develop
individuality. To form an identity, adolescents must define a personal role in society and
integrate the various dimensions of their personality into a sensible whole. They must
wrestle with such issues as selecting a career, college, religious system, and political
party.
Researchers Carol Gilligan and Deborah Tannen have found differences in the ways in
which males and females achieve identity. Gilligan has noted that females seek intimate
relationships, while males pursue independence and achievement. Deborah Tannen has
explained these differences as being due, at least in part, to the dissimilar ways in which
males and females are socialized.
The hormonal changes of puberty affect the emotions of adolescents. Along with
emotional and sexual fluctuations comes the need for adolescents to question authority
and societal values, as well as test limits within existing relationships. This is readily
apparent within the family system, where adolescents' need for independence from the
parents and siblings can cause a great deal of conflict and tension at home.
Societal mores and expectations during adolescence now restrain the curiosity so
characteristic of young children, even though peer pressure to try new things and
behave in certain ways is also very powerful. Added to this tug ofwar are teenagers'
increasing desires for personal responsibility and independence from their parents,
along with an evergrowing, irresistible interest in sexuality.

Investigating the effects birth order has on personality, self-esteem, satisfaction with life
and age. (2014)
http://esource.dbs.ie/bitstream/handle/10788/2254/hdip_johnson_j_2014.pdf?
sequence=1

It has been found out that there are relationship between the personality,
satisfaction with life and self-esteem (Johnson 2014).Correlations examined
relationships between personality, satisfaction with life and self-esteem. ANOVAs
tested differences between birth order and personality and birth order, personality,
self esteem and satisfaction with life between ages. Satisfaction with life positively
correlated with extraversion and selfesteem, and negatively associated with
neuroticism. Last-borns scored significantly higher on openness to experience than
middle-borns. No age differences were found between all variables. Differences
were found between birth order and openness to experience. Satisfaction with life
was positively correlated with extraversion and self-esteem, and negatively
associated with neuroticism.

Related lit
http://www.sicotests.com/psyarticle.asp?id=80

Neuroticism and trait anxiety tend to be associated with a bias towards negative
stimuli. The attention of individuals who report neuroticism or trait anxiety tend to
be directed towards threatening stimuli, at least initially (e.g., Bar-Haim et al.,
2007). Furthermore, these individuals are more likely to interpret ambiguous stimuli
as threatening (Calvo & Castillo, 2001). In addition, they also overestimate the
likelihood of negative outcomes (e.g., Eysenck & Derakshan, 1997).