Anda di halaman 1dari 5



5HYLHZRI0LFURFRQWUROOHU%DVHG,QWHOOLJHQW7UDIILF
/LJKW&RQWURO


-LQJ3DQJ
'HSDUWPHQWRI(OHFWULFDODQG(OHFWURQLF(QJLQHHULQJ&RPSXWHU(QJLQHHULQJ3URJUDP
&DOLIRUQLD6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\6DFUDPHQWR
6DFUDPHQWR&$86$
(PDLOSDQJM#JDLDHFVFVXVHGX


V\VWHPIX]]LILHVWKHWUDIILFGDWDLQSXWVLQWRWKHIX]]\VHWVXVLQJ
Abstract7KHFRQJHVWLRQRIWKHXUEDQWUDIILFLVEHFRPLQJRQHRI
IX]]\ ODQJXDJH YDULDEOHV DQG DOVR GHWHUPLQHV PHPEHUVKLS
FULWLFDOLVVXHVZLWKWKHLQFUHDVLQJSRSXODWLRQDQGDXWRPRELOHVLQ
IXQFWLRQ EDVHG RQ SUHYLRXV NQRZOHGJH RU H[SHULHQFH 7KH
FLWLHV 7UDIILF MDPV QRW RQO\FDXVH H[WUD GHOD\ DQG VWUHVV IRUWKH
GHIX]]LILFDWLRQ FDQ EH REWDLQHG E\ ILQGLQJ RXW WKH PD[LPXP
GULYHUV EXW DOVR LQFUHDVH IXHO FRQVXPSWLRQ DGG WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ
GHJUHH RI PHPEHUVKLS WR REWDLQ WKH WUDIILF OLJKW FRQWURO
FRVW DQG LQFUHDVH FDUERQ GLR[LGH DLU SROOXWLRQ 7KH WUDIILF
YDULDEOHV
FRQWUROOHULVRQHRIFULWLFDOIDFWRUVDIIHFWLQJWKHWUDIILFIORZ7KH
FRQYHQWLRQDO WUDIILF SDWWHUQV DUH QRQOLQHDU DQG FRPSOH[ $V D
UHVXOWWKHIL[HGWUDIILFOLJKWFRQWUROOHULVQRWRSWLPL]HGWRUHGXFH
WKHWUDIILFMDP0RUHRYHULWGRHVQRWLPSURYHWKHUHVSRQVHWLPH
IRU DPEXODQFHV ILUH WUXFNV SROLFH FDUV DQG RWKHU HPHUJHQF\
YHKLFOHV 7KLV SDSHU LV ZULWWHQ ZLWK WKH HQGHDYRU WR SURYLGH WKH
UHDGHUV DQ LGHD RI WKH UHVHDUFK WKDW KDV EHHQ FDUULHG RXW LQ WKH
LQWHOOLJHQWWUDIILFOLJKWILHOGDQGWKHPLFURFRQWUROOHUEDVHGWUDIILF
OLJKWFRQWUROV\VWHP7KHKLVWRULFDOUHYLHZRIWKHWHFKQRORJ\DQG
WKH UHFHQW GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH LQWHOOLJHQW WUDIILF OLJKW FRQWURO
V\VWHPDUHVWDWHGLQWKLVSDSHU,QDGGLWLRQWKHIXWXUHVWXGLHVRI
WKHUHODWHGZRUNDUHDOVRSUHVHQWHG
Keywords-microcontroller; intelligent traffic light control; fuzzy
logic; emergency vehicle; remote control and traffic display

,

,1752'8&7,21

7KHWUDIILFFRQWUROOHULVRQHRIFULWLFDOIDFWRUVDIIHFWLQJWKH
WUDIILF IORZ 'XH WR WKH LQFUHDVLQJ DPRXQW RI FDU WUDIILF LQ
XUEDQDUHDVWKHUHLVDJURZLQJFRQFHUQIRUWUDIILFFRQJHVWLRQ
GULYLQJ VDIHW\ DQG DLU SROOXWLRQ 6LQFH WKH FRQYHQWLRQDO IL[HG
WLPH WUDIILF FRQWUROOHU LV QRW LGHDO VROXWLRQ WR WKH FRPSOH[
QRQOLQHDUWUDIILFSDWWHUQVDWURDGLQWHUVHFWLRQVPRUHDQGPRUH
UHVHDUFKHUVDUHLQWHUHVWHGLQGHYHORSLQJLQWHOOLJHQWWUDIILFOLJKW
FRQWUROOHUVWRRSWLPL]HWUDIILFIORZ>@>@
$V D VPDOO FRPSXWHURQ D VLQJOHLQWHJUDWHG FLUFXLW FKLS D
PLFURFRQWUROOHU LV VHOIVXIILFLHQW DQG FRVWHIIHFWLYH IRU UHDO
WLPH HPEHGGHG V\VWHP DSSOLFDWLRQV 5HVHDUFKHUV KDYH
GHVLJQHG PLFURFRQWUROOHU EDVHG LQWHOOLJHQW WUDIILF OLJKW
FRQWUROOHU V\VWHP ZKLFK LQ JHQHUDO FRQVLVWV RI YHKLFOH
GHWHFWLRQV\VWHPZDWFKGRJFLUFXLWU\DQGWUDIILFOLJKWFRQWURO
FLUFXLWU\ 7KH WUDIILF GDWD FDQ EH SURFHVVHG E\ WKH
PLFURFRQWUROOHUEDVHGRQWKHQXPEHURIWKHVHQVRUVDFWLYDWHG
WKHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQWKHPDMRUURDGWUDIILFDQGEUDQFKURDG
WUDIILF RU WKH WUDIILF GDWD FDQ EH WUDQVIHUUHG E\ WKH
PLFURFRQWUROOHUWRWKHFRPSXWHUIRUSURFHVVLQJ
)X]]\ ORJLF EDVHG G\QDPLF LQWHOOLJHQW WUDIILF OLJKW FRQWURO
KDV DOVR EHHQ LQWURGXFHG E\ UHVHDUFKHUV 7KH IX]]\ ORJLF

,Q RUGHU WR DOORZ HPHUJHQF\ PRGH PXOWLSOH DSSURDFKHV


KDYH EHHQ UHSRUWHG LQFOXGLQJ RSWLFDO EDVHG V\VWHPV VRXQG
EDVHG V\VWHPV DQG UDGLR FRQWUROOHG V\VWHPV 7KH
FRPPXQLFDWLRQUDQJHLVRQHRIELJFRQFHUQVLQWKHVHV\VWHPV
DVZHOODVWKHGHFLVLRQWLPH2QDQRWKHUKDQGWKHHPHUJHQF\
YHKLFOHFDQEHHTXLSSHGZLWKDVHSDUDWHZLUHOHVVFRQWUROOHUWR
FRPPXQLFDWH ZLWK DQRWKHU VHW RI EDVH PLFURFRQWUROOHU
KDUGZDUH V\VWHP ORFDWHG QHDU WKH WUDIILF OLJKW LQWHUVHFWLRQ
7KLV ZLOO DOORZ WKH V\VWHP WR EHFRPH PRUH IOH[LEOH WKDQ WKH
ZLUHG HPHUJHQF\ FRQWURO DSSURDFK WR JHW WKH SULRULW\ WR JR
DFURVVWKHFURVVURDG
$V D VPDOO FRPSXWHURQ D VLQJOH LQWHJUDWHG FLUFXLW FKLS D
PLFURFRQWUROOHU LV VHOIVXIILFLHQW DQG FRVW HIIHFWLYH IRU UHDO
WLPHHPEHGGHGV\VWHPDSSOLFDWLRQV :LWKWKHZLGHVSUHDGXVH
RI WKH FHOO SKRQHV UHVHDUFKHUV KDYH SURSRVHG WR SURYLGH
UHPRWH GULYHUV ZLWK WUDIILF VWDWXV LQIRUPDWLRQ XVLQJ WKH
PLFURFRQWUROOHUEDVHGLQWHOOLJHQWWUDIILFFRQWUROV\VWHP
)LUVW WKLV SDSHU JLYHV DQ LQWURGXFWLRQ WR WKH SUHYLRXV
UHVHDUFK RI LQWHOOLJHQW WUDIILF OLJKW FRQWURO 1H[W SDUW ,,
GHVFULEHV WKH EDFNJURXQG RI WKLV ZRUN 3DUW ,,, SURYLGHV
V\VWHP DUFKLWHFWXUH RI WKH UHFHQW PLFURFRQWUROOHU EDVHG
LQWHOOLJHQW WUDIILF OLJKW FRQWURO 0RUHRYHU SDUW ,9 SUHVHQWV
WUDIILF OLJKW FRQWURO PHWKRGRORJ\ XVHG E\ WKH PLFURFRQWUROOHU
EDVHGV\VWHPV$WODVWSDUW9GUDZVFRQFOXVLRQVRIWKLVZRUN
GHVFULEHV VRPH RI WKH ODWHVW UHVHDUFK GLUHFWLRQV DQG DOVR
DGGUHVVHVVHYHUDOLPSRUWDQWLVVXHVUDLVHGIURPUHFHQWVWXGLHV
,,

%$&.*5281'

7KH ,QWHOOLJHQW 7UDIILF 6\VWHPV FROOHFW WUDIILF GDWD XVLQJ


GLIIHUHQW VHQVRUV ZKLFK DUH FODVVLILHG LQWR LQWUXVLYH LQ
URDGZD\  DQG QRQLQWUXVLYH RYHUURDGZD\  W\SHV >@>@
7UDGLWLRQDO LQWUXVLYH WUDIILF GDWDFROOHFWLRQ PHWKRGV VXFK DV
WXEHFRXQWHUVLQGXFWLYHORRSVPDJQHWLFVHQVRUVSLH]RHOHFWULF
VHQVRUV DQG ZHLJKLQPRWLRQ GHWHFWRUV FDXVH WUDIILF
LQWHUUXSWLRQGXULQJLQVWDOODWLRQKDYHOLPLWHGFRYHUDJHUHTXLUH

,(((



KLJKFRVWDQGFUHDWHUHOLDELOLW\FRQFHUQGXHWRSRVVLEOHUHSDLU
DQG IDLOXUHV 2QH RI WKH ZLGHO\ XVHG GHWHFWRUV LV LQGXFWLYH
ORRS GHWHFWRU ZKLFK FKDQJHV WKH ORRS LQGXFWDQFH ZKHQ D
YHKLFOHSDVVHVRYHULWRUUHVWVRQLW,WSURYLGHVWUDIILFGDWDRI
YHKLFOH SDVVDJH SUHVHQFH FRXQW DQG RFFXSDQF\ >@ 1RQ
LQWUXVLYH VHQVRUV LQFOXGH YLGHR FDPHUD 'RSSOHU UDGDU
PLFURZDYH UDGDU ODVHU UDGDU LQIUDUHG VHQVRUV XOWUDVRQLF
VHQVRUV DFRXVWLF DUUD\ VHQVRUV DQG FRPELQDWLRQV RI VHQVRU
WHFKQRORJLHV>@7KHSRZHUFRQVXPSWLRQWKHGHSOR\PHQWDQG
PDLQWHQDQFH FRVW DUH JHQHUDOO\ WKH FRQFHUQV IRU WKH QRQ
LQWUXVLYH WUDIILF GHWHFWRUV >@ 7KH PDLQ GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ
LQWUXVLYH DQG QRQLQWUXVLYH VHQVRUV LV WKDW WKH ODWWHU FDQ EH
DSSOLHGZLWKRXWGLVWXUELQJWUDIILF>@
7KH IL[HG GHWHFWRUV XVXDOO\ SURYLGH WUDIILF YROXPH DQG
RFFXSDQF\ GDWD DYHUDJH IRU D VSHFLILF ORFDWLRQ RI URDGZD\
&RPSDUHG ZLWK WKH IL[HG GHWHFWRUV WKH YHKLFOHV ZKLFK DUH
HTXLSSHGZLWKWKH*36DQGVPDUWSKRQHVDUHEHWWHUWRUHIOHFW
WKH WUDIILF IORZ DV RSSRVHG WR WKH IL[HG GHWHFWRUV >@>@ $
QRYHOWUDIILFFRQWUROV\VWHPIUDPHZRUNWKH0RELOH,QWHOOLJHQW
7UDIILF &RQWURO 6\VWHP 0,7&6  GHVLJQHG IRU 7DLZDQ LV
SURSRVHGLQ>@
7KH WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ V\VWHP LV D FRPSOH[ QRQOLQHDU V\VWHP
ZKLFK GHPDQGV DGDSWLYH WUDIILF FRQWURO IRU GLIIHUHQW URDG
LQWHUVHFWLRQ WUDIILF SDWWHUQV $ QXPEHU RI DGDSWLYH WUDIILF
FRQWURO V\VWHPV KDYH EHHQ GHSOR\HG ZRUOGZLGH VXFK DV
6&227>@6&$76>@23$&>@DQG5+2'(6>@
7KHIX]]\ORJLFWUDIILFOLJKWFRQWUROOHULVGHVLJQHGWRIROORZ
WKHUXOHVIRUGLUHFWLQJWUDIILFE\KXPDQRSHUDWRUV,WFDQDGDSW
WR D ZLGHU DUUD\ RI WUDIILF SDWWHUQV FRPSDUHG ZLWK WKH
FRQYHQWLRQDO IL[HG WLPH WUDIILF OLJKW FRQWUROOHU ,Q WKH V
3DSSLV DQG 0DPGDQL PDGH DWWHPSW GHVLJQLQJ WKH ILUVW IX]]\
ORJLFWUDIILFFRQWUROOHU>@6LQFHWKHQUHVHDUFKHUVKDYHPDGH
DORWRISURJUHVVUHODWHGWRLQWHOOLJHQWWUDIILFOLJKWFRQWURO
)X]]\ ORJLF KDV OLPLWDWLRQ GXH WR WKH ODFN RI OHDUQLQJ
IXQFWLRQDQGLWVGHSHQGHQFHRQPDQ\FRQWUROUXOHVGHYHORSHG
E\H[SHUWV,QUHFHQW\HDUVYDULRXVLQWHOOLJHQWWHFKQLTXHVKDYH
EHHQ DSSOLHG WR RSWLPL]H WKH WUDIILF OLJKW FRQWURO XVLQJ IX]]\
ORJLF >@ DUWLILFLDO QHXUDO QHWZRUNV >@ G\QDPLF
SURJUDPPLQJ>@JHQHWLFDOJRULWKP>@DQGVRRQ

WUDQVPLWWLQJ HQHUJ\ WKH 3,5 VHQVRUV GHWHFW WKH LQIUDUHG OLJKW


HQHUJ\UDGLDWLQJIURPREMHFWVLQLWVILHOGRIYLHZ
,Q6HKJDOHWDO>@SURSRVHGDQHPEHGGHGSODWIRUP
IRU DQ LQWHOOLJHQW WUDIILF VHQVLQJ DQG WUDIILF VLJQDOLQJ V\VWHP
7KLV V\VWHP XWLOL]HG D JURXS RI VHQVRUV ,W FRQVLGHUHG XVLQJ
SUR[LPLW\VHQVRUV IRU VLGHODQHVDQG PDJQHWLFSLFNXSEDVHG
WRXFK VHQVRUV EXULHG LQVLGH WKH URDG IRU PLGGOH ODQHV WR
PRQLWRU PXOWLSOH KHDY\ WUDIILF ODQHV ,W XVHG LQIUDUHG /('
HPLWWHUDQGLQIUDUHGSKRWRGLRGHDVGHWHFWRU
,Q&KDYDQHWDO>@SURSRVHGLQWHOOLJHQWWUDIILFOLJKW
FRQWURO ZKLFK XWLOL]HG VHQVRU QHWZRUNV ZLWK $7& EDVHG
HPEHGGHG V\VWHP DQG DGMXVWHG WUDIILF OLJKW WLPLQJ EDVHG RQ
WKHWRWDOWUDIILFRQDOODGMDFHQWURDGV
B. Watchdog
0LFURFRQWUROOHU LV RIWHQ VXEMHFW WR H[WHUQDO
HOHFWURPDJQHWLF LQWHUIHUHQFH DQG QRLVH GLVWXUEDQFH 7KH
V\VWHP FDQ FUDVK DQG VWRS IXQFWLRQLQJ :DWFKGRJ LV XVHG WR
PRQLWRUWKHRSHUDWLQJVWDWHRIWKHPLFURFRQWUROOHUWRPDNHVXUH
LW UXQV DW VDIH VWDWHV ,Q FDVH RI WKH SHUVLVWLQJ IDXOW WKH
ZDWFKGRJFDQDOVRUHVHWWKHPLFURFRQWUROOHUWRSUHYHQWV\VWHP
FUDVKHV
7KH ZDWFKGRJ WLPHU FLUFXLW PD\ EH LQWHJUDWHG LQVLGH WKH
PLFURSURFHVVRU ,WFDQDOVR EHDVHSDUDWHLQWHJUDWHG FKLS>@
WR EH FRQQHFWHG ZLWK WKH PLFURFRQWUROOHU V\VWHP ,W FDQ
JHQHUDWH RYHUIORZ SXOVHV WR EH XVHG WR UHVHW WKH
PLFURFRQWUROOHUWRHQVXUHWKHQRUPDORSHUDWLRQ
C. Traffic Light Control
,Q WKH DXWKRUV=KDQJ<X\HDQG<DQ:HLVKHQJ >@
SURSRVHGDWUDIILFVLJQDOOLJKWVFRQWUROV\VWHPEDVHGRQVLQJOH
FKLSPLFURFRQWUROOHU$7&DQG&$1%86FRPPXQLFDWLRQ
VWUXFWXUHZLWKLQIUDUHGWUDQVPLWWHUVDQGUHFHLYHUVIRUGHWHFWLQJ
WUDIILF GDWD 7KH 3& FRPPXQLFDWHG ZLWK WKH PLFURFRQWUROOHU
WKURXJK VHULDO SRUW 7KH FRQWURO DQG WKH FHQWUDOL]DWLRQ
PDQDJHPHQWZHUHLPSOHPHQWHGE\WKH3&6HYHUDONH\VZHUH
XVHG WR FRQWURO WKH WLPH VHWWLQJ RI HDVWZHVW VRXWKQRUWK
GLUHFWLRQ DQG HPHUJHQF\ FDU DV ZHOO DV WLPH RI LQFUHDVLQJ
GHFUHDVLQJ DQG KROGLQJ 7KH GHVLJQ FRXOG UHGXFH WKH WUDIILF
MDP DQG UHGXFH WKH ODWHQF\ RI WKH VWRSSDJH RI YHKLFOHV WR
VRPHH[WHQW+RZHYHUWKHXVHRI&$1%86DGGVWKHV\VWHP
FRPSOH[LW\DQGGHVLJQFRVW
,Q  )DQJ HW DO >@ GHVLJQHG D PLFURFRQWUROOHU
0&)-0 EDVHG WUDIILF OLJKW FRQWURO V\VWHP XVLQJ IX]]\
ORJLF WR UHGXFH YHKLFOH WLPH GHOD\ DW WKH LQWHUVHFWLRQ
VXFFHVVIXOO\ $Q LQWHOOLJHQW WUDIILF OLJKWV FRQWUROOHU GHDOLQJ
ZLWKWKHG\QDPLFWUDIILFIORZLVSUHVHQWHGLQWKHSDSHU
6HKJDO HW DO >@ SURSRVHG DQ LQWHOOLJHQW WUDIILF FRQWURO
V\VWHP ZKLFK XVHG WKH PLFURFRQWUROOHU WR DOORFDWH *R WLPH
EDVHGRQWKHQXPEHURIVHQVRUVDFWLYDWHG7KLVV\VWHPKDGORZ
FRVW ORZ FRPSOH[LW\ DQG ZRUNHG DW FRPIRUWDEOH OHYHOV IRU
URDGXVHUV7KLVV\VWHPKDVVHYHUDOPDMRUPDMRUGLVDGYDQWDJHV
LQFOXGLQJWKHODFNRIHPHUJHQF\VHUYLFHDQGWKHUHPRWHWUDIILF
PRQLWRULQJIHDWXUH DV ZHOO DV SRVVLEOH VHQVRU IDLOXUH ZLWKRXW
DODUPDQGEDFNXSVXSSRUW

,,, 6<67(0$5&+,7(&785(
7KH PLFURFRQWUROOHU EDVHG WUDIILF OLJKW FRQWURO V\VWHP
W\SLFDOO\ UHTXLUHV FDU GHWHFWLRQ FLUFXLWV PLFURSURFHVVRU
HPEHGGHGKDUGZDUHZDWFKGRJ FLUFXLWU\ WUDIILFOLJKWGLVSOD\
DQG VR RQ 6RPH V\VWHPV PD\ UHTXLUH HPHUJHQF\ PRGH
GHWHFWLRQ KDUGZDUH WR FRQWURO WUDIILF OLJKW WLPLQJ IRU
HPHUJHQF\YHKLFOHV>@,QDGGLWLRQLQRUGHUWRDOORZUHPRWH
XVHUV WR KDYH DFFHVV WR WKH WUDIILF LQIRUPDWLRQ VRPH V\VWHPV
DGGUHPRWHGLVSOD\RIWUDIILFVWDWXV>@
A. Vehicle Detection Sensors
7KHLQIUDUHGVHQVRULVRQHRIWKHIOH[LEOHYHKLFOHGHWHFWLRQ
VHQVRUV 7KHUH DUH WZR W\SHV RI LQIUDUHG ,5  GHWHFWRUV WKH
DFWLYH DQG SDVVLYH W\SH GHWHFWRUV &RPSDUHG ZLWK DFWLYH
LQIUDUHG VHQVRUV SDVVLYH LQIUDUHG VHQVRUV 3,5 VHQVRUV  KDYH
ORZHUFRVWORZHUSRZHUFRQVXPSWLRQDQGWKH\GRQRWJHQHUDWH
DQ\UDGLDWLRQ*HQHUDOO\WKHDFWLYHLQIUDUHGVHQVRUVRSHUDWHE\


D. Remote Traffic Status Display
&KDYDQ HW DO >@ SURSRVHG LQWHOOLJHQWWUDIILF OLJKWGHVLJQ
ZKLFK XVHG *60 FHOO SKRQH WR SURYLGH XVHUV WKH WUDIILF
FRQJHVWLRQ LQIRUPDWLRQ 7KLV GHVLJQ DOORZHG GULYHUV WR KDYH
OHVV ZDLWLQJ WLPH RQ WKH URDGV DQG VKRZHG HIIRUW WR
LQFRUSRUDWH V\QFKURQL]DWLRQ EHWZHHQ DOO QHDUE\ UHODWHG
FURVVLQJV

OLJKW WLPH ZLOO EH DOORFDWHG DV  [ Q  VHFRQGV ZKHUH Q LV
WKHQXPEHURIWKHDFWLYDWHGVHQVRUV
B. Wirelessly Controlled Emergey Mode
,Q:HLHWDO>@LPSOHPHQWHGZLUHOHVVWUDIILFOLJKW
FRQWUROOHU V\VWHP VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH  )LJXUH  SUHVHQWV WKH
GHVLJQ RI WKH FURVVURDG WUDIILF OLJKW FRQWUROOHU DW WKH
LQWHUVHFWLRQRIDPDLQURDGDQGEUDQFKURDGWUDIILF7KHJUHHQ
OLJKW WLPH RI  VHFRQGV LV DVVLJQHG WR WKH PDLQ URDG WR JR
VWUDLJKWDQGVHFRQGVDUHDOORFDWHGIRUOHIWWXUQ7KHEUDQFK
URDG LV DOORFDWHG  VHFRQGV IRU DOO YHKLFOHV WR JR DFURVV WKH
FURVVURDG<HOORZOLJKWLVDVVLJQHGVHFRQGVEHIRUHWKHJUHHQ
OLJKW WXUQ LQWR UHG OLJKW ,Q DGGLWLRQ WKHUH DUH WZR VHWV RI
PLFURFRQWUROOHUV 0&8V  2QH VHW LV FRQQHFWHG ZLWK WKH
ZLUHOHVV GDWD WUDQVPLWWLQJ 15) PRGXOH ORFDWHG LQVLGH WKH
HPHUJHQF\ YHKLFOH WKH RWKHU RQH LV FRQQHFWHG ZLWK WKH
ZLUHOHVV GDWD UHFHLYLQJ 15) PRGXOH QHDU WKH URDG
LQWHUVHFWLRQ

















E. Hardware for Emergency Vehicle Service


7KH WUDIILF OLJKW SUHHPSWLRQ V\VWHPV IRU HPHUJHQF\
YHKLFOHV FDQ EH EDVHG RQ GLIIHUHQW WHFKQRORJ\ RI RSHUDWLRQ
LQFOXGLQJRSWLFDOEDVHGV\VWHPVRXQGEDVHGV\VWHPDQGUDGLR
FRQWUROOHGV\VWHP>@
2SWLFDO EDVHG V\VWHP XVHV FRGHG LQIUDUHG RU YLVXDO OLJKW
WUDQVPLVVLRQV IURP WKH HPHUJHQF\ YHKLFOH WR WKH LQWHUVHFWLRQ
WUDIILF OLJKW FRQWURO VWDWLRQ IRU HPHUJHQF\ LQIRUPDWLRQ
GHWHFWLRQ
6RXQG EDVHG V\VWHP XVXDOO\ XVHV VLUHQ VRXQG IURP DQ
HPHUJHQF\ YHKLFOH WR LQIRUP WKH WUDIILF OLJKW FRQWURO VWDWLRQ
ORFDWHG DW WKH LQWHUVHFWLRQ LWV UHTXHVW IRU FOHDULQJ WKH
LQWHUVHFWLRQSDWKV
5DGLRFRQWUROOHGV\VWHPVJHQHUDOO\DOORZGULYHUVWRSUHVVD
FRQWURO EXWWRQ RQ WKH HPHUJHQF\ XQLW WR UHTXHVW SDVVLQJ
WKURXJK DW WKH LQWHUVHFWLRQ 6RPH UHVHDUFKHUV SURSRVHG WR
LQVWDOO VHSDUDWH ZLUHOHVV FRQWUROOHUV LQ FDUV WR DOORZ
FRPPXQLFDWLRQ ZLWK DQRWKHU VHW RI EDVH PLFURFRQWUROOHU
KDUGZDUH V\VWHP ORFDWHG QHDU WKH WUDIILF OLJKW LQWHUVHFWLRQ LQ
RUGHU WR JHW WKH SULRULW\ WR JR DFURVV WKH FURVVURDG 7KLV
DSSURDFK DOORZV PRUH IOH[LELOLW\ WKDQ WKH ZLUHG HPHUJHQF\
FRQWURODSSURDFK>@>@
7KHFULWLFDOLVVXHVRIWKHVHV\VWHPVDUHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKH
UDQJHRIFRPPXQLFDWLRQWKHUHODWHGGHFLVLRQWLPHWKHZDLWLQJ
WLPHIRURWKHUYHKLFOHVGULYHUVDQGWKHSDVVLQJWLPHWKURXJK
WKHFURZHGURDGVE\WKHHPHUJHQF\YHKLFOHV


)LJXUH:LUHOHVVWUDIILFOLJKWFRQWUROOHUVZLWKHPHUJHQF\PRGH

,9 ,17(//,*(1775$)),&&21752/0(7+2'2/2*<


,Q )LJXUH  IRXU LQSXW EXWWRQV FDQ EH XVHG E\ WKH
HPHUJHQF\ YHKLFOH GULYHU WR VHW WKH HPHUJHQF\ PRGH RI 
VHFRQGVIRUWUDIILFLQIRXUGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQV7KHGULYHUFDQ
DOVR VHW WKH ILIWK LQSXW EXWWRQ FRQQHFWHG ZLWK WKH
PLFURFRQWUROOHU V\VWHP WR HQG WKH HPHUJHQF\ PRGH ,Q WKLV
ZRUN 15) PRGXOH LV XVHG IRU ZLUHOHVV FRPPXQLFDWLRQ
:LWK D 3&% DQWHQQD LW FDQ VXSSRUW DSSUR[LPDWH  PHWHUV
FRPPXQLFDWLRQ GLVWDQFH :LWK D ZKLS DQWHQQD LW FDQ VHQG
GDWD ZLUHOHVVO\ FRYHULQJ URXJKO\  WR  PHWHUV
0RUHRYHULWFDQFRYHUDORQJHUGLVWDQFHE\XVLQJDKLJKJDLQ
DQWHQQD

7UDIILF OLJKWV DUH XVHG DW WKH URDG LQWHUVHFWLRQV WR FRQWURO
WUDIILF ,Q $PHULFD WKH WUDIILF OLJKWV IROORZ WKH VHTXHQFH RI
JUHHQ OLJKW  \HOORZ OLJKW  UHG OLJKW  2QH FRPSOHWH WUDIILF
VLJQDO F\FOH FRQVLVWV RI PXOWLSOH VLJQDO SKDVH VHWV ZLWK HDFK
SKDVH DOORFDWHG WR DOORZ DQ LQGHSHQGHQW WUDIILF PRYHPHQW RU
FRPELQDWLRQ RI WUDIILF 'HSHQGLQJ RQ WKH FRPSOH[LW\ RI WKH
WUDIILFIORZDWWKHURDGLQWHUVHFWLRQWRSKDVHVDUHW\SLFDOO\
XVHG &XUUHQWO\ LQ PDQ\ WUDIILF OLJKW V\VWHPV WKH JUHHQ OLJKW
WLPH LV VHW XS LQ DGYDQFH ZLWKRXW FRQVLGHULQJ WKH FKDQJLQJ
WUDIILFIORZUDWH7KHJRDORIWKHLQWHOOLJHQWWUDIILFFRQWUROLVWR
DGMXVWWKHWUDIILFOLJKWWLPLQJDFFRUGLQJWRWKHWUDIILFVWDWXVDW
WKH LQWHUVHFWLRQV WR LPSURYH WKH HIILFLHQF\ RI WKH
WUDQVSRUWDWLRQDQGWKHSXEOLFGULYHUVDIHW\RQWKHURDG

C. Fuzzy Logic Control


,Q  )DQJ HW DO >@ SURSRVHG IX]]\ ORJLF EDVHG
LQWHOOLJHQWWUDIILFOLJKWFRQWUROGHDOLQJZLWKWKHG\QDPLFWUDIILF
IORZIRUDVLQJOHSKDVHLQWHUVHFWLRQVKRZQLQ)LJXUH






A. Green Lignt Time Based on Activiated Traffic Sensors


6HKJDO HW DO >@ XWLOL]HG D JURXS RI VHQVRUV IRU PXOWLSOH
ODQHV LQ WKH SURSRVHG LQWHOOLJHQW WUDIILF OLJKW FRQWURO GHVLJQ
0XOWLSOH DFWLYDWHG VHQVRUV LQGLFDWH WKH WUDIILF LV KHDY\ DQG
PRUH JUHHQ OLJKW WLPH IRU WKH WUDIILF IORZV SDVVLQJ WKH
DFWLYDWHG VHQVRUVVKRXOG EHDOORFDWHG7KH GHIDXOWJUHHQOLJKW
WLPH LV HTXDO WR  VHFRQGV :LWK DFWLYDWHG VHQVRUV WKH JUHHQ























)LJXUH)X]]\ORJLFV\VWHPEORFNGLDJUDP


,Q )LJXUH  WKH LQIHUHQFH V\VWHP SURGXFHV IX]]\ VHWV RI
JUHHQ GHOD\ WLPH 7KH VWHHSQHVV RI WKH VKDSH RI WKH
PHPEHUVKLSIXQFWLRQGHWHUPLQHVWKHUHVROXWLRQDQGWKHFRQWURO
VHQVLWLYLW\'XULQJWKHHQJLQHHULQJSUDFWLFHSHRSOHVRPHWLPHV
GHWHUPLQH PHPEHUVKLS EDVHG RQ H[SHULHQFH )HQJ HW DO XVHG
WKH QRUPDO IXQFWLRQ RI *DXVVLDQ GLVWULEXWLRQ DQG D SDUWLFXODU
VWDQGDUG GHYLDWLRQ WR GHVFULEH WKH PHPEHUVKLS IXQFWLRQ 7KH
GHIX]]LILFDWLRQ FDQ EH REWDLQHG E\ ILQGLQJ RXW WKH PD[LPXP
GHJUHHRIPHPEHUVKLSWRREWDLQWKHFRQWUROYDULDEOHRIWUDIILF
OLJKWJUHHQWLPHJ
$WODVWPXOWLSOHSHUIRUPDQFHSDUDPHWHUVDUHSUHVHQWHGE\
)DQJ HW DO >@ LQFOXGLQJ WKH QXPEHU RI DYHUDJH DUULYLQJ
YHKLFOHVIRURQHF\FOHWKHGHOD\WLPHRIDOOZDLWLQJYHKLFOHV
DQG WKH DYHUDJH YHKLFOH GHOD\ WLPH 7KH DERYH SDUDPHWHU
YDOXHVDUHXVHGWRFRPSDUHWKHLQWHOOLJHQWWUDIILFOLJKWV\VWHP
ZLWK WKH IL[HG WUDIILF OLJKW V\VWHP 7KH FRPSDULVRQ UHVXOWV
GHPRQVWUDWHGWKHLQWHOOLJHQWWUDIILFOLJKWFRQWURO V\VWHP FRXOG
UHGXFH WKH URDG LQWHUVHFWLRQ WUDIILF GHOD\ WLPH DQG SHUIRUPHG
EHWWHUWKDQWKHIL[HGWUDIILFOLJKWFRQWUROV\VWHP

)LJXUHSKDVHWUDIILFGLDJUDP

)LJXUHSKDVHWUDIILFGLDJUDP


,Q )LJXUH  SKDVH  LV IRU QRUWKVRXWK ERXQG VWUDLJKW
WUDIILF DQG SKDVH  LV IRU QRUWKVRXWK ERXQG OHIWWXUQ WUDIILF
3KDVH  DQG SKDVH  DUH IRU VLPLODU WUDIILF LQ WKH ZHVWHDVW
ERXQGGLUHFWLRQ)DQJHWDOGLVFXVVHGWKDWWKHPLQLPXPWUDIILF
VLJQDOF\FOHVKRXOGEH3[VLQRUGHUWRJXDUDQWHHVDIHGULYLQJ
DW WKH LQWHUVHFWLRQ ZKHUH 3 UHSUHVHQWV WKH QXPEHU RI SKDVHV
IRU WKHLU VWXGLHG VLQJOH LQWHUVHFWLRQ ZLWK VPDOO WUDIILF QHHGV
7KH PD[LPXP ERXQG RI WKH WUDIILF VLJQDO F\FOH LV V
WROHUDEOHE\WKHZDLWLQJGULYHUVZLWKKHDY\WUDIILF
7KHKDUGZDUHVKRZQLQ)LJXUHLVXVHGWRLPSOHPHQWWKH
IX]]\ ORJLF EDVHG LQWHOOLJHQW WUDIILF OLJKW V\VWHP PHQWLRQHG
DERYHE\XVLQJWKHPLFURFRQWUROOHUV\VWHP











9

&21&/86,21

,QFRQFOXVLRQXVLQJDPLFURFRQWUROOHUWRGHVLJQLQWHOOLJHQW
WUDIILF OLJKW FRQWUROOHU LV RQH FRVW HIIHFWLYH VROXWLRQ 7KH
KDUGZDUH V\VWHP GHVLJQ FDQ SURYLGH PRUH IOH[LEOH DQG
SRZHUIXO VHUYLFH DIWHU FRPELQLQJ ZLWK WKH PRGHUQ ZLUHOHVV
FRPPXQLFDWLRQWHFKQRORJ\
7KLVSDSHUSURYLGHVDUHYLHZRIWKHUHVHDUFKWKDWKDVEHHQ
FDUULHGRXWLQWKHPLFURFRQWUROOHUEDVHGLQWHOOLJHQWWUDIILFOLJKW
FRQWUROV\VWHP,WJLYHVWKHKLVWRULFDOUHYLHZRIWKHWHFKQRORJ\
DQG WKH UHFHQW GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH LQWHOOLJHQW WUDIILF OLJKW
FRQWUROV\VWHP
7KHIXWXUHVWXGLHVRIWKHLQWHOOLJHQWWUDIILFOLJKWFRQWUROZLOO
LQYROYH PXOWLSOH FKDOOHQJHV LQFOXGLQJ VLPXOWDQHRXV FRQWURO RI
ODUJHDPRXQWRIURDGVLQELJFLWLHVODUJHWUDIILFGDWDFROOHFWLRQ
XVLQJ PRGHUQ WHFKQRORJ\ DQG ORFDWLRQ PDSSLQJ ODUJH VHQVRU
QHWZRUNHPHUJHQF\KDQGOLQJDQGRSWLPL]DWLRQRIWUDIILFOLJKW
FRQWUROPHWKRGRORJ\IRUEHWWHUSHUIRUPDQFH

)LJXUH)X]]\ORJLFEDVHGLQWHOOLJHQWWUDIILFOLJKWFRQWUROOHUV\VWHP


,Q )LJXUH  VHQVRUV DUH XVHG WR FROOHFW WUDIILF GDWD WR EH
XVHG DV LQSXWV WR WKH 0&8 7KH 0&8 WKHQ IRUZDUGV WKH
VHQVRU GDWD WR KRVW FRPSXWHU WKURXJK WKH 56 VHULDO EXV
7KHFRPSXWHUSHUIRUPVWUDIILFOLJKWWLPLQJDVVLJQPHQWVEDVHG
RQ WKH IX]]\ ORJLF PHWKRGRORJ\ DQG DOVR UHWXUQV WKH
GHIX]]LILHG GDWD EDFN WR WKH 0&8 $V D UHVXOW 0&8 FDQ
FRQWURO WKH WUDIILF OLJKW GLVSOD\ ZLWK DSSURSULDWH WLPLQJ
FRQWURO
)LJXUHVKRZVWKHIX]]\ORJLFGHVLJQLPSOHPHQWHGE\WKH
FRPSXWHU IRUWKH DERYH GHVLJQ ,Q )LJXUH  WKH LQSXWVRIWKH
IX]]\ FRQWURO GHVLJQ DUH WKH YHKLFOH IORZ T IRU WKH FXUUHQW
WUDIILFODQHDQGTTZKLFKLVWKHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQWKHOHQJWK
RIWKHZDLWLQJWUDIILFRQWKHQH[WSKDVHDQGWKHFXUUHQWYHKLFOH
IORZ7KHYDULDEOHVTDQGTTDUHGLYLGHGLQWRVHYHQIX]]\VHWV
ZLWK GLIIHUHQW IX]]LILHG GRPDLQ YDOXHV EDVHG RQ SUHYLRXV
NQRZOHGJH 7KH LQIHUHQFH V\VWHP FRQVLVWV RI  IX]]\
FRQGLWLRQDO VWDWHPHQWV RI WUDIILF JUHHQ WLPH J ZLWK LQSXWV RI
IX]]LILHGTDQGTT


5()(5(1&(6

>@ 93DUXFKXUL6&KHOODSSDQDQG5%/HQLQ$UULYDOWLPHEDVHGWUDIILF
VLJQDO RSWLPL]DWLRQ IRU LQWHOOLJHQW WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ V\VWHPV  ,(((
WK ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ $GYDQFHG ,QIRUPDWLRQ 1HWZRUNLQJ
DQG$SSOLFDWLRQVSS
>@ 5 ' .RPJXHP 5 6WDQLFD 0 7FKXHQWH DQG ) 9DORLV :$5,0
ZLUHOHVV VHQVRU QHWZRUNV DUFKLWHFWXUH IRU D UHOLDEOH LQWHUVHFWLRQ
PRQLWRULQJ  ,((( WK ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ ,QWHOOLJHQW
7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ6\VWHPVSS


>@ ' )DQJ = )HQJ DQG ; .HPLQJ 7UDIILF OLJKW FRQWURO V\VWHP
GHYHORSPHQW EDVHG RQ IX]]\ DOJRULWKP  6L[WK ,QWHUQDWLRQDO
&RQIHUHQFHRQ)X]]\6\VWHPVDQG.QRZOHGJH'LVFRYHU\YRO
SS
>@ $6(OWD\HE+2$OPXEDUDNDQG7$$WWLD$*36EDVHGWUDIILF
OLJKW SUHHPSWLRQ FRQWURO V\VWHP IRU HPHUJHQF\ YHKLFOHV 
,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ &RPSXWLQJ (OHFWULFDO DQG (OHFWURQLFV
(QJLQHHULQJ<HDUSS
>@ ::HLDQG0-LQ[LDQJ'HVLJQRIWUDIILFOLJKWVZLWKZLUHOHVVFRQWURO
V\VWHP EDVHG RQ 67&& DQG 15) PRGXOH  ,QWHUQDWLRQDO
&RQIHUHQFH RQ (OHFWURQLFV DQG 2SWRHOHFWURQLFV YRO   SS  9
9





>@ 60$OL6%*HRUJH/9DQDMDNVKL9-D\DVKDQNDUDQG9-.XPDU
$ PXOWLSOH ORRS YHKLFOH GHWHFWLRQ V\VWHP IRU KHWHURJHQHRXV DQG ODQH
OHVV WUDIILF  ,((( ,QVWUXPHQWDWLRQ DQG 0HDVXUHPHQW 7HFKQRORJ\
&RQIHUHQFHSS
>@ /(0LPEHODDQG/$.OHLQ$6XPPDU\RIYHKLFOHGHWHFWLRQ DQG
VXUYHLOODQFH WHFKQRORJLHV XVHG LQ LQWHOOLJHQW WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ V\VWHPV
+DQGERRN 86 )HGHUDO +LJKZD\ $GPLQLVWUDWLRQ ,QWHOOLJHQW
7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
6\VWHP

>2QOLQH@
$YDLODEOH
KWWSZZZIKZDGRWJRYSROLF\LQIRUPDWLRQSXEVYGVWLWV
>@ < .L DQG ' %DLN 0RGHO IRU DFFXUDWH VSHHG PHDVXUHPHQW XVLQJ
GRXEOHORRS GHWHFWRUV ,((( 7UDQVDFWLRQV RQ 9HKLFXODU 7HFKQRORJ\
YROQRSS
>@ (6LIXHQWHV2&DVDVDQG53DOODV$UHQ\:LUHOHVVPDJQHWLFVHQVRU
QRGHIRUYHKLFOHGHWHFWLRQZLWKRSWLFDOZDNHXS,(((6HQVRUV-YRO
QR$XJSS
>@ $6(OWD\HE+2$OPXEDUDNDQG7$$WWLD$*36EDVHGWUDIILF
OLJKW SUHHPSWLRQ FRQWURO V\VWHP IRU HPHUJHQF\ YHKLFOHV 
,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ &RPSXWLQJ (OHFWULFDO DQG (OHFWURQLFV
(QJLQHHULQJSS
>@ < =KDR < =KDQJ 7 <X 7 /LX ; :DQJ ; 7LDQ DQG ; /LX
&LW\'ULYH $ PDSJHQHUDWLQJ DQG VSHHGRSWLPL]LQJ GULYLQJ V\VWHP
3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH,(((RI,1)2&20SS
>@ /7/LQ+-+XDQJDQG-0/LQ$QHZLQWHOOLJHQWWUDIILFFRQWURO
V\VWHP IRU 7DLZDQ  WK ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ ,QWHOOLJHQW
7UDQVSRUW6\VWHPV7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQVSS
>@ 5 ' %UHWKHUWRQ &XUUHQW GHYHORSPHQWV LQ VFRRW 9HUVLRQ LQ
7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ5HVHDUFK5HFRUGQRS&
>@ $ * 6LPV DQG . : 'RELQVRQ 7KH V\GQH\ FRRUGLQDWHG DGDSWLYH
WUDIILF VFDW  V\VWHP SKLORVRSK\ DQG EHQHILWV ,((( 7UDQVDFWLRQV RQ
9HKLFXODU7HFKQRORJ\YROQRSS
>@ 1+*DUWQHU)-3RRUDQDQG&0$QGUHZV,PSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKH
23$& DGDSWLYH FRQWURO VWUDWHJ\ LQ D WUDIILF VLJQDO QHWZRUN ,(((
,QWHOOLJHQW7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ6\VWHPV&RQIHUHQFHSS
>@ 3 0LUFKDQGDQL DQG ) :DQJ 5+2'(6 WR LQWHOOLJHQW WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ
V\VWHPV,(((,QWHOOLJHQW6\VWHPVYROQRSS
>@ &33DSSLVDQG(+0DPGDQL$IX]]\ORJLFFRQWUROOHUIRUDWUDIILF
MXQFWLRQ ,((( 7UDQVDFWLRQV RQ 6\VWHPV 0DQ DQG &\EHUQHWLFV YRO
60&QR2FWREHUSS
>@ ( $]LPLUDG 1 3DUL] DQG 0%1 6LVWDQL $ QRYHO IX]]\ PRGHO DQG
FRQWURO RI VLQJOH LQWHUVHFWLRQ DW XUEDQ WUDIILF QHWZRUN ,((( 6\VWHPV
-RXUQDOYRQRSS
>@ 6 $UDJKL $  .KRVUDYL DQG ' &UHLJKWRQ 2SWLPDO GHVLJQ RI WUDIILF
VLJQDO FRQWUROOHUXVLQJQHXUDOQHWZRUNVDQGIX]]\ORJLFV\VWHPV
,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RLQW&RQIHUHQFHRQ1HXUDO1HWZRUNVSS
>@ / &KXQJXL < ;LDQJOHL ; 6KXDQ DQG ; <LQJ $SSUR[LPDWLRQ
'\QDPLF 3URJUDPPLQJ IRU PXOWLLQWHUVHFWLRQV WUDIILF VLJQDO LQWHOOLJHQW
FRQWURO 6L[WK ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ1DWXUDO &RPSXWDWLRQ
YROSS
>@ 7 ' 1 ' 3DGPDVLUL DQG ' 1 5DQDVLQJKH *HQHWLF SURJUDPPLQJ
WXQHG IX]]\ FRQWUROOHG WUDIILF OLJKW V\VWHP  ,QWHUQDWLRQDO
&RQIHUHQFHRQ$GYDQFHVLQ,&7IRU(PHUJLQJ5HJLRQVSS

>@ =KDQJ <X\H DQG <DQ :HLVKHQJ 5HVHDUFK RI WUDIILF VLJQDO OLJKW
LQWHOOLJHQW FRQWURO V\VWHP EDVHG RQ PLFURFRQWUROOHU  )LUVW
,QWHUQDWLRQDO :RUNVKRS RQ (GXFDWLRQ 7HFKQRORJ\ DQG &RPSXWHU
6FLHQFHYROSS
>@ 6 6 &KDYDQ 5 6 'HVKSDQGH DQG - * 5DQD 'HVLJQ RI LQWHOOLJHQW
WUDIILFOLJKWFRQWUROOHUXVLQJ HPEHGGHGV\VWHPQG,QWHUQDWLRQDO
&RQIHUHQFHRQ(PHUJLQJ7UHQGVLQ(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\
SS
>@ 9 . 6HKJDO  6 'KRSH 3 *RHO - 6 &KDXGKU\ DQG 3 6RRG $Q
HPEHGGHGSODWIRUPIRULQWHOOLJHQWWUDIILF FRQWURO)RXUWK8.6LP
(XURSHDQ 6\PSRVLXP RQ &RPSXWHU 0RGHOLQJ DQG 6LPXODWLRQ (06 
SS
>@ 0D[LP,QWHJUDWHG3URGXFWV,QF0$;0$;0$;/ORZ
FRVW 3 VXSHUYLVRU\ FLUFXLWV  'DWDVKHHW SS    2QOLQH
KWWSGDWDVKHHWVPD[LPLQWHJUDWHGFRPHQGV0$;0$;/SGI

Anda mungkin juga menyukai