GENERAL STUDIES Prelims Mock TEST No.

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Q.1 :d
Q.2 :d
It required that three not two of the six members of the Viceroys executive council were to be Indian.

Q.3 :c
Article 109(1) of the constitution provides that A Money Bill shall not be introduced in the Council of States.
Article 110(3) gives power to speaker to decide whether a bill is a money bill or not whose decision shall be
final. Article 249(1) provides that if the Council of States has declared by resolution supported by not less than
two-thirds of the members present and voting that it is necessary or expedient in the national interest that
Parliament should make laws with respect to any matter enumerated in the State List specified in the resolution,
it shall be lawful for Parliament to make laws for the whole or any part of the territory of India with respect to
that matter while the resolution remains in force.

Q.4 :c
Governor is the chief executive head of the state. Office of Governor of state is not an employment under the
central government. Office of governor is not under the direct control of central government. It is an
independent constitutional office and is not under the control of or subordinate to the central government.

Q.5 :d
Earlier social media was not used by government as a tool now it has been increasingly used by the government
for awareness programs.

Q.6 :d
1. Can only discuss the budget.
2. Cant participate.

Q.7 :d
Q.8 :c
The decision of the State Public Grievance Redressal Commission under this section shall be binding.

Q.9 :c
It provides for the appointment of appropriately trained teachers, i.e, teachers with requisite entry academic
qualifications.

Q.10 :a
under article 358, any law or any executive action are immune during national emergency from imposing article
32. Article 358 also says that nothing in article 19 shall restrict the power of the State as defined in Part III to
make any law or to take any executive action. In part III, State includes parliament as well as state
legislature. Government can suspend fundamental rights in any part or whole country irrespective of the area
that comes under national emergency.

Q.11 :c

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The term untouchability has not been defined in the constitution.

Q.12 :d
Double Membership
A person can not be a member of both Houses of Parliament at the same time. Thus, the Representation of
People Act (1951) provides for the following:
1. If a person is elected to both the Houses of Parliament, he must intimate within 10 days in which House
he desires to serve. In default of such intimation, his seat in the Rajya Sabha Becomes vacant.
2. If a sitting member of one House is also elected to the other House, his seat in the first House becomes
vacant.
3. If a person is elected to two seats in a House, he should exercise his option for one. Otherwise, both
seats become vacant.
Similarly, a person cannot be a member of both the Parliment and the state legislature at the same time. If a
person is so elected, his seat in Parliament becomes vacant if he does not resign his seat in the state legislature
within 14 days.

Q.13 :a
Q.14 :c
Radon is a product of radioactive decay of uranium. Thus underground Uranium mines have high concentration
of Radon gas. Radon has been linked to lung cancer and is especially hazardous for smokers, who already have
a higher risk of lung cancer. Workers are exposed to radon decay products in various underground mining
operations, including uranium, fluorspar, iron and tin. Radon is about eight times heavier than air, so it stays
close to the ground. It'll travel 1,000 miles in just a few days in a light breeze. And as it drifts along, it deposits
on the vegetation below the radon daughters, which are the radioactive byproducts.

Q.15 :b

In case of option 2, he holds office, during the pleasure of Governor.

Q.16 :c
The World Social Forum is an annual meeting of civil society organizations, first held in Brazil, which offers a selfconscious effort to develop an alternative future through the championing of counter-hegemonic globalization.
Some consider the World Social Forum to be a physical manifestation of global civil society, as it brings
together non governmental organizations, advocacy campaigns as well as formal and informal social
movements seeking international solidarity.

Q.17 :c
Money Bill can be introduced only by a Minister.

Q.18 :a
Q.19 :c
In case of Statement 2, both centre and the state can make legislations, as in case of National Emergency, the
state list becomes the concurrent list.

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Q.20 :d
1. Canadian Model
2. According to the Convention

Q.21 :d
According to Articles 12 and 36, the term State, for the purposes of the chapters on Fundamental Rights and
Directive Principles, includes all authorities within the territory of India. It includes the Government of india, the
Parliament, the Government and legislature of the states. It also includes all local or other authorities such as
Municipal Corporations, Municipal Boards, District Boards, Panchayats etc.

Q.22 :a
As the length increases and the cross sectional area decreases, the resistance increases. Hence the heating
effect is more pronounced as it is directly proportional to the resistance of the conductor.

Q.23 :b
Natural sinks
Scientists have identified areas on the earth that have the capacity to take in the greenhouse gases and
clean the air around us. These areas are known as natural sinks. Some of these natural sinks are forest
cover (trees, vegetation), oceans, and soil to some extent, all of which have the ability to take in carbon
dioxide. In fact, soil may also provide a removal mechanism for methane. Trees and other land plants
absorb carbon dioxide and serve as a storehouse, or sink, of carbon. Forest biomass accumulates
carbon over decades and centuries making the carbon accumulation potential in forests large. Forests
offer the possibility of taking in significant amounts of additional carbon in relatively short periods of
time.
Q.24 :b
Q.25 :d
Speaker appoints the chairman of all the parliamentary committees of the Lok Sabha and supervises their
functioning. He himself is the chairman of the Business Advisory Committee, the Rules Committee and the
General Purpose Committee.

Q.26 :b
Article 359 authorises the president to suspend the right to move any court for the enforcement of Fundamental
Rights during a National Emergency. Fundamental Rights as such are not suspended, but only their
enforcement.
However, the suspension of enforcement relates to only those Fundamental Rights that are specified in the
Presidential order. The 44th Amendment Act, 1978 provided that the President cannot suspend the right to
move the Court for the enforcement of fundamental rights guaranteed by Articles 20 to 21.
It also provided that only those laws which are related with the emergency are protected from being challenged
and not the other laws and the executive action taken only under such a law, is protected.
Hence, statements 2 and 3 are wrong.

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Q.27 :b
Ozone is a pale blue gas, slightly soluble in water and much more soluble in inert non-polar solvents
such as carbon tetrachloride or fluorocarbons, where it forms a blue solution.
Ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent, far stronger than O2.
It is also unstable at high concentrations, decaying to ordinary diatomic oxygen
Q.28 :d
Q.29 :d
FD: who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may
be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years
FR: Right to education , 21A article
DPSP:Article 45 originally mandated the State to provide free and compulsory education to children
between the ages of six and fourteen years, but after the 86th Amendment in 2002, this has been
converted into a Fundamental Right and replaced by an obligation upon the State to secure childhood
care to all children below the age of six.
46. Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other
weaker sections The State shall promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the
weaker sections of the people, and, in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, and
shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation

Q.30 :b
Any question regarding disqualification arising out of defection is to be decided by the presiding officer of the
House. Originally, the act provided that the decision of the presiding officer is final and cannot be questioned in
any court. However, in Kihoto Hollohan case (1993), the Supreme Court declared this provision as
unconstitutional on the ground that it seeks to take away the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and the high
courts. It held that the presiding officer, while deciding a question under the Tenth Schedule, function as a
tribunal. Hence, his decision like that of any other tribunal, is subject to judicial review on the grounds of mala
fides, perversity, etc.

Q.31 :a
Abolition and creation of legislative councils can be done by simple majority only. whereas DPSP's require
special majority but not ratification of states. lastly although Supreme courts and high courts require special
majority and ratification of states but conferment of more jurisdiction on supreme court can be done by simple
majority.

Q.32 :d
Q.33 :cSecond Schedule

Salary of President, Governors, Chief Judges,

Judges of High Court and Supreme court,
Comptroller and Auditor General

Q.34 :c
Grievances based on non implementation of Directive Principles cannot be challenged in Court.

Q.35 :d
Q.36 :d
Article 87(1) of the Constitution provides:- "At the commencement of the first session after each general

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election to the House of the People and at the commencement of the first session of each year the
President shall address both Houses of Parliament assembled together and inform Parliament of the
causes of its summons."

Q.37 :d
The purpose of Article 32 is to provide a guaranteed, effective, quick and inexpensive remedy for the
protection of the fundamental rights. Only the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by the Constitution can
be enforced under Article 32 and not any other non-fundamental rights.Article 32 cannot be invoked
simply to determine the constitutionality of an executive order or a legislation unless it directly infringes
any of the fundamental rights.
Moreover, in case of the enforcement of Fundamental
Rights, the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is original but not exclusive. It is concurrent with the
jurisdiction of the high court under Article 226. It means when the Fundamental Rights of a citizen are
violated, the aggrieved party has the option of moving either the high court or the Supreme Court
directly.
Hence, both the statements are wrong.

Q.38 :d
Coalition government was formed at state level first. At national level, coalition came only in 1997 under
Morarji Desai prime ministership. India uses proportional representational system in the election process of the
president. Under article 352(2) and 352(4), president can issue a proclamation to revoke the emergency.

Q.39 :d
Q.40 :d
President can appoint a commission to investigate into the conditions of SCs, STs and other backward classes.
President appoints the attorney general of India and determines his remuneration.

Q.41 :b
Under article 84, a person shall not be qualified to be chosen to fill a seat in Parliament unless he is, in the case
of a seat in the Council of States, not less than thirty years of age and, in the case of a seat in the House of the
People, not less than twenty-five years of age. Article 331 says that the President may, if he is of opinion that
the Anglo-Indian community is not adequately represented in the House of the People, nominate not more than
two members of that community to the House of the People. Current 15th lok sabha has two nominated
members - Smt. Ingrid Mcleod, and Dr. Charles Dias. Constitution does not prescribe that members should be
from different states.

Q.42 :d
Q.43 :b
Few parts of constitution e.g. Article 5, 6, 7, 8 ,9, 60, 324 came into force on November 26, 1949 itself.
The Indian independence act, 1947 and Government of India act, 1935 were repealed on 26th January, 1950
with the commencement of the constitution.

Q.44 :c
1 is correct e.g. enemy aliens dont enjoy protection against arrest and detention under article 22.

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Aliens do not enjoy all the civil and political rights as citizens do.

Q.45 :c
The cohesive forces between liquid molecules are responsible for the phenomenon known as surface tension.
The molecules at the surface do not have other like molecules on all sides of them and consequently they
cohere more strongly to those directly associated with them on the surface. This forms a surface "film" which
makes it more difficult to move an object through the surface than to move it when it is completely submersed.
Hot water is a better cleaning agent because the lower surface tension makes it a better "wetting agent" to get
into pores and fissures rather than bridging them with surface tension. Soaps and detergents further lower the
surface tension.

Q.46 :b

Not deemed as amendment

Q.47 :c
Started in 1948 by the US-based Institute of Supply Management, the Purchasing Managers' Index, or PMI. PMI
or a Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) is an indicator of business activity -- both in the manufacturing and
services sectors. It is a survey-based measures that asks the respondents about changes in their perception of
some key business variables from the month before. It is calculated separately for the manufacturing and
services sectors and then a composite index is constructed.
Recent report Indicate that India's PMI is increasing while China's decreasing.

Q.48 :a
Governor summons in option 1. In case of option 3, the presiding officer declares the house adjourned.

Q.49 :c
Hyderabad was integrate by the means of police action while Junagarh by referendum.
Nagaland was part of Indian union and was separated later from Assam.
4 is incorrect. The basis for creating these new states was socio-political and not linguistic.
In Sikkim referendum was used while army was used to integrate Goa

Q.50 :a
Q.51 :c
Article 164 of the constitution provides that in the States of Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh,
Chhattisgarh and Odisha, there shall be a Minister in charge of tribal welfare who may in addition be
in charge of the welfare of the Scheduled Castes and backward classes or any other work.
Parliament may, by law, form within the State of Assam an autonomous State comprising (whether
wholly or in part) all or any of the tribal areas specified under schedule six. Many tribes (like Karbi
Anglong and North Cachhar tribal people) are demanding status of autonomous state. Meghalaya was
initially an autonomous state before it was given full status of state.

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Q.52 :a
A remedy under Article 32 is in itself a Fundamental Right and hence, the SupremeCourt may not refuse
to exercise its writ jurisdiction. On the other hand, a remedy under Article 226 is discretionary and
hence, a high court may refuse to exercise its writ jurisdiction. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
Unlike the other four writs, Quo-Warranto can be sought by any interested person and not necessarily by
the aggrieved person. Hence, statement 2 is not true.

Q.53 :a
A proclamation declaring financial emergency must be approved by both the Houses of Parliament
within two months from the date of its issue. However, if the proclamation of Financial Emergency is
issued at a time when the Lok Sabha has been dissolved or the dissolution of the Lok Sabha takes place
during the period of two months without approving the proclamation, then the proclamation survives
until 30 days from the first sitting of the Lok Sabha after its reconstitution, provided the Rajya Sabha has
in the meantime approved it.
Once approved by both the Houses of Parliament, the Financial Emergency continues indefinitely till it is
revoked. This implies two things:
1. there is no maximum period prescribed for its operation; and
2. repeated parliamentary approval is not required for its continuation.
A resolution approving the proclamation of financial emergency can be passed by either House of
Parliament only by a simple majority, that is, a majority of the members of that house present and
voting.
A proclamation of Financial Emergency may be revoked by the president at anytime by a subsequent
proclamation. Such a proclamation does not require the parliamentary approval.

Q.54 :a
in the famous Mandal case, 1992 the scope and extent of article 16(4) which provides for reservation of jobs in
favour of backward classes, has been examined thoroughly by the Supreme Court. It upheld the constitutional
validity of 27% reservation for the OBCs with certain conditions: a) the advanced sections among the OBCs (the
creamy layer) should be excluded from the list of beneficiaries of reservation; b) no reservation in promotion; c)
A permanent statutory body should be established to examine complaints of over-inclusion and under-inclusion
in the list of OBCs. Pursuant to this direction of SC, the government of India enacted the national commission for
backward classes act, 1993 for setting up a national commission for Backward Classes at the centre as a
permanent body.

Q.55 :a

First statement enforces art 43

2nd statement enforces article47
3rd statement enforces art 40.

Q.56 :c

In statement 1, the 7th Amendment act of 1956 facilitated the appointment of the same person as a
Governor for two or more states
In statement 2, the judges of the high court of the states are appointed by the President.
Q.57 :c
Malaria is caused by a parasite that is passed from one human to another by the bite of infected Anopheles

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mosquitoes. After infection, the parasites (called sporozoites) travel through the bloodstream to the liver, where
they mature and release another form, the merozoites. The parasites enter the bloodstream and infect red
blood cells.
The parasites multiply inside the red blood cells, which then break open within 48 to 72 hours, infecting more
red blood cells. The first symptoms usually occur 10 days to 4 weeks after infection, though they can appear as
early as 8 days or as long as a year after infection. The symptoms occur in cycles of 48 to 72 hours.
Most symptoms are caused by:
The release of merozoites into the bloodstream
Anemia resulting from the destruction of the red blood cells
Large amounts of free hemoglobin being released into circulation after red blood cells break open

Q.58 :b
The Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution are inspired by the Constitution of erstwhile USSR. In 1976,
the Congress Party set up the Sardar Swaran Singh Committee to make recommendations about fundamental
duties, the need and necessity of which was felt during the operation of the internal emergency (19751977).
The Congress Government at Centre accepted these recommendations and enacted the 42nd Constitutional
Amendment Act in 1976. The Fundamental Duties are confined to citizens only and do not extend to foreigners.
Like the Directive Principles, the fundamental duties are also non-justiciable. The Constitution does not provide
for their direct enforcement by the courts. Moreover, there is not legal sanction against their violation. Article
51A(g) mentions a duty to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and
wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures

Q.59 :a
Muzaffarnagar riot camps

Q.60 :b
Mandatory CSR
Concept of one person company ('OPC') introduced.
Indian Companies are compulsorily required to have March 31 as the financial year end date.
CEO/CFO included as 'Key Managerial Personnel'
Private Companies can have up to 200 shareholders(earlier 50)
Concept of 'small company' introduced - to mean a company, which is not a 'public company' and having
a paid up capital not exceeding Rs 50 lakhs or such amount, not exceeding Rs 5 crores, as may be
prescribed OR having sales turnover not exceeding Rs 2crores or such amount not exceeding Rs 20
crores, as may be prescribed.
Q.61 :a
Q.62 :d
Loss of citizenship by deprivation means termination of citizenship by the central government if the citizen has
obtained the citizenship by fraud, shown disloyalty to the constitution, communicated with the enemy during
war, has been staying out of India for seven years continuously or within 5 years of registration or naturalisation
been imprisoned in any country for two years.

Q.63 :a
Q.64 :d

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Q.65 :d
Preamble is a part of the constitution. It has been amended once in 1976 by 42nd amendment and three words
i.e. socialist, secular and integrity were added. It is non justiciable i.e. cant be enforced in a court of law

Q.66 :b
In statement 1, the instructions has to be provided to children belonging to linguistic minority areas only
and statement 3 is article 47 which is included in the part 4 of the constitution.

Q.67 :b
Cant be challenged in the courts.

Q.68 :d
The office of whip, is mentioned neither in the Constitution of India nor in the Rules of the House nor in a
Parliamentary Statute. It is based on the conventions of the parliamentary government.
Every political party, whether ruling or Opposition has its own whip in the Parliament. He is appointed by the
political party to serve as an assistant floor leader.

Q.69 :d
Q.70 :a
The Parliament and not the President makes such a delegation.

Q.71 :c
Adjournment is done by presiding officer of the House and it does not affect the bills or any other business
pending before the House.
Prorogation is done by the president of India and it also does not affect the bills or any other business pending
before the House. However, all pending notices (other than those for introducing bills) lapse on prorogation and
fresh notices have to be given for the next session.

Q.72 :a
India enacted its constitution in 1950 and Pakistan in 1956. Pakistan remained a British dominion until 1956.

Q.73 :b
Q.74 :c
Statement 1, Provisions relating to the administration of tribal areas in Sixth applies only to Assam, Meghalaya,
Tripura, Mizoram.
Statement 2, In I.R. Coelho V/s State of Tamil Nadu (2007), Supreme Court ruled that, the laws included in ninth
schedule are open to judicial review.

Q.75 :b

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Statement 2 is correct. Article 31A saves five categories of laws from being challenged and invalidated
on the ground of contravention of the fundamental rights conferred by Article 14 and Article 19. Article
31B saves the acts and regulations included in the Ninth Schedule from being challenged and
invalidated on the ground of contravention of any of the fundamental rights.
Article 31C states that no law that seeks to implement the socialistic directive principles specified in
Article 39(b) or (c) shall be void on the ground of contravention of the fundamental rights
conferred by Article 14 or Article 19. The 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 extended the scope of Article
31C by including within its protection any law to implement any of the directive principles specified in
Part IV of the Constitution and not merely in Article 39 (b) or (c). However, this extension was declared
as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in the Minerva Mills case, 1980. Hence, statement 1 is
incorrect.

Q.76 :b
Q.77 :c
Q.78 :a
1. The Presidential rule is subjected to Judicial review.
2. Burden lies on the center to prove that relevent material exist to justify the imposition of the President's rule.
3. The state legilative assemby can be dissolved only after the Parliament has approved the PR.

Q.79 :a
Gender Inequality Index Rank, 2013 UNDP: 127TH rank India.
The Gender Inequality Index (GII) is an index for measurement of gender disparity that was introduced in
the 2010 Human Development Report 20th anniversary edition by the United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP). According to the UNDP, this index is a composite measure which captures the loss
of achievement within a country due to gender inequality. It uses three dimensions to do so:
reproductive health, empowerment, and labor market participation.
The new index was introduced as an experimental measure to remedy the shortcomings of the previous
indicators, the Gender Development Index (GDI) and the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM), both of
which were introduced in the 1995 Human Development Report.
India ranks 114 out of 142 countries in World Economic Forums 2014 gender gap index. The index was
first introduced by the World Economic Forum in 2006 as a framework for capturing the magnitude of
gender-based disparities and tracking their progress. The index benchmarks national gender gaps on
economic, political, education and health criteria

Q.80 :d
Article 29 grants protection to both religious minorities as well as linguistic minorities. Moreover, the
scope of
this article includes minorities as well as the majority.
However, the protection under Article 30 is confined only to minorities (religious or linguistic) and does
not extend to the majority section of citizens, as was the case under Article 29.
Hence, both the statements are wrong.

Q.81 :d
1.
2.
3.
4.

power does not extend to death penalty cases but allows in the case of life imprisonment.
does not extend to punishments or sentence given by a Court Martial.
is bound by the advice of his/her Councils of Ministers.
is subject to judicial review.

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Q.82 :d
A Money Bill can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha on the recommendation of President. Any question
about a bill is money bill or not, the decision of the speaker shall be final; every Money Bill has to be
certified by the speaker as such a Bill (Article 110). Only a minister can introduce money Bill.
Money Bill can be rejected and approved but cant be returned for reconsideration by the president.
Whereas ordinary bill can be returned for reconsideration by the President.

Q.83 :d
Starred Questions require an oral answer and hence, supplementary question can follow whereas
Unstarred Questions requires a written answer and hence, supplementary question cannot follow.
Maximum 20 Questions are included in the list of Starred Questions for a particular day, and the list is
printed on white paper.
Not more than 230 Questions can be placed on the Unstarred list for a particular sitting. This list is
printed on white paper. Minimum of 15 clear days notice is required for tabling Unstarred Questions.
Short Notice Questions answered orally.Not more than 230 Questions can be placed on the Unstarred list
for a particular sitting. This list is printed on white paper. Minimum of 15 clear days notice is required for
tabling Unstarred Questions. Short Notice Questions answered orally.

Q.84 :c
Q.85 :c
When wood is burnt in a limited supply of oxygen, water and volatile materials present in it get removed and
charcoal is left behind as the residue. Charcoal burns without flames, is comparatively smokeless and has a
higher heat generation efficiency.
Q.86 :a
All the statements are right.

Q.87 :b
Burning coke in the absence of air wont create CO2.
Carbon dioxide is prepared
by treating any metallic carbonate with dilute mineral acids, or
CaCO3 + 2 HCl ==> CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
by heating carbonates of metals other than alkali metals.
Heat MgCO3 ==> MgO + CO2

Burning methane releases only carbon dioxide and water.

Q.88 :c
-

Q.89 :c

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Q.90 :a
Plant Protection Code (PPC), a set of guidelines for regulating the chemical inputs in tea cultivation, was
rolled out on January 1, 2015. The aim is to make Indian tea a safe and healthy drink.
The PPC is a comprehensive document, which deals with safe usage of crop protection products and
methodologies that would be followed to reduce pesticide residues in tea.
The code encourages tea growers to critically review their plant protection formulations (PPF), which are
a list of chemicals that are used in tea. The code is based on the Codex Alimentarius, which is a set of
international food standards and guidelines.

Q.91 :d
A person who is not a member of the state legislature can be appointed as chief minister for 6 months, within
which time, he should be elected to the State Legislature. The term of the chief minister is not fixed as he holds
office during the pleasure of the Governor.

Q.92 :a
The projected climatic changes in the Arctic, particularly the projected decrease in sea-ice extent and thickness,
will result in increased accessibility to the open ocean and surrounding coastal areas. This is very likely to make
it easier to exploit marine and coastal species, over a larger area and for a greater proportion of the
year. Decreased extent and thickness of sea ice and increased sea water temperatures will, however, also
result in changes in the distribution, diversity, and productivity of marine species in the Arctic and so will
change the environment for hunters and indigenous peoples.

Q.93 :c
1.
2.
3.
4.

It is a yellow-green gas.
It has the highest electron affinity. (Fluorine is most electronegative)
Chlorine is a strong oxidizing agent.
Free chlorine is rare on Earth.

Q.94 :b
The state can impose reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the freedom of speech and expression
on the ground of sovereignty and integrity of India, security of the state, friendly relations with foreign
states, public order, decency or morality, contempt of court, defamation, and incitement to an offence.

Q.95 :b
Constitution doesnt deals with the problem of acquisition or loss of citizenship subsequent to its
commencement; however it has empowered parliament to make laws on such matter and Citizenship act of
1955 deals with the ways of acquiring citizenship not constitution.

Q.96 :b
Q.97 :d
While launching the proposed new National Air Quality Index (AQI), the Union Minister of State for environment,
Prakash Javadekar, said this government wont allow a business as usual scenario. Formulating the Index was
taking the Swachh Bharat (Clean India) campaign a step further, he said and added that that the AQI was a One
Number-One Colour-One Description for people to judge air quality.
Mr Javadekar said a team of 20 experts has created a comparable and comprehensive index to indicate the

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quality of air in a city and its impact on health. The AQI report will be put up on the website of the Central
Pollution Control Board (CPCB) to seek public comments for 45 days after which it will be finalised.
The AQI will consider eight pollutants PM(particulate matter)10, PM 2.5, Nitrogen dioxide, Sulphur dioxide,
carbon monoxide, ozone, lead and ammonia for which National Ambient Air Quality Standards are prescribed.
The government had set up an expert committee following reports of Delhi having the worst air quality in the
world so that India could evolve its own standards for pollution index in cities. Though the CPCB and state
pollution control boards have been operating the National Air Monitoring Programme covering 240 cities, the
AQI is an attempt to effectively disseminate air quality information to the people.

Q.98 :a
Whenever the office of the Speaker falls vacant, the Lok Sabha elects another member to fill the vacancy. The
date of election of the Speaker is fixed by the President.
Whenever the Lok Sabha is dissolved, the Speaker does not vacate his office and continues till the newlyelected Lok Sabha meets.

Q.99 :c
Ripening is a process in fruits that causes them to become more palatable. In general, a fruit
becomes sweeter, less green, and softer as it ripens. Even though the acidity of fruit increases as
it ripens, the higher acidity level does not make the fruit seem tarter, which can lead to the
misunderstanding that the riper the fruit the sweeter. This is attributed to the Brix-Acid Ratio.
Use of ethylene for ripening of the fruit is a common practice in different countries but due to high cost
and scarcity in terms of its availability, many developing countries like use low-cost calcium carbide to
ripen fruit. Calcium carbide reacts with water to produce acetylene, which acts as an artificial
ripening agent.

Q.100 :c
Himadri Station is India's first Arctic research station located New research station in Arctic .
IndARC Established in August 2014. Designed and developed by scientists from the National Centre for Antarctic
and Ocean Research (NCAOR) and National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), the observatory has been
deployed in the Kongsfjorden fjord of the Arctic, roughly halfway between Norway and the North Pole.
In 1981 the Indian flag unfurled for the first time in Antarctica, marking the start of Southern Ocean expeditions
under the environmental protocol of the Antarctic Treaty (1959). Dakshin Gangotri the first permanent
settlement was built in 1983 and named Dakshin Gangotri. In 1989 it was buried and was later excavated and is
being used again. Dakshin Gangotri was the first scientific base station of India situated in Antarctica, part of
the Indian Antarctic Program. It is located at a distance of 2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi) from the South Pole.It
was abandoned in 1988-1989 after it was submerged in ice. It was succeeded by the Maitri, which was set up in
a moderate climatic zone at a distance of 90 km and
made operational in 1990.Dakshin Gangotri was finally decommissioned on 25 February 1990 and subsequently
turned into a supply base.
Maitri: The second permanent settlement, Maitri, was put up in 1989 on the Schirmacher Oasis and has been
conducting experiments in geology, geography and medicine. India built a freshwater lake around Maitri known
as Lake Priyadharshini. Maitri accomplished the mission of geomorphologic mapping of Schirmacher Oasis.
Bharathi: India has demarcated an area beside Larsmann Hill at 69S, 76E for its third settlement and second
active research station. The survey has already been completed and the station is operational. India has
entered the elite group of nine nations having multiple stations within the Antarctic Circle. Bharati is proposed
for oceanographic research and will collect evidence of continental breakup to reveal the 120-million-year-old
ancient history of the Indian subcontinent.

GENERAL STUDIES Prelims Mock TEST No. 1550

VISION IAS ONLINE SYSTEM
www.visionias.in

GENERAL STUDIES Prelims Mock TEST No. 1550

VISION IAS ONLINE SYSTEM
www.visionias.in

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Q.1

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Q.42 a

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