CAPACITOR
Y L L A with
B U and
S without dielectric,
Capacitance, Parallel Plate S
capacitor
capacitors in series and parallel, Energy stored in a capacitor.
POSITION VECTOR :
Capacitor is a device for storing electric charge and energy. It consists of a pair of
conductors carrying equal and opposite charges (generally). Magnitude of this charge is
known as the charge on the capacitor.
Potential difference (V) between the two
conductors is proportional to the charge on the capacitor (Q).
Q V;
Q = CV
Here the proportionality constant C is known as the capacitance of the capacitor.
Capacitance depends on the size and shape of the plates and the material between them.
The SI unit of capacitance is farad (F).
dV
compute the potential difference
dr
between the plates. Finally dividing the magnitude of charge (given to one plate) by the
potential difference between the plates, we get the capacity.
In case of parallel plate capacitor as shown in figure. The field at P
( )
E=
=
2
2
dV
=
dx
or,
or,
dV =
[ as E =
dx
dV
]
dx
i.e., V =
q
A
A
=
=
V ( d / )
d
So,
C=
or
KA
C= 0
d
[as
+
+
+
+
V +
+
+
+
x=0
V=0
x=d
= K]
0
SPHERICAL CAPACITOR :
b +q
a
+
1
IIT- PHY - CP
way V=
q 1 1
;
40 a b
40
C=
q
= 1 1
40 ab
b a
If the radius of the outer sphere tends to infinity, b , the capacitance reduces to
C = 4 0 a which is the capacitance of the isolated sphere.
CYLINDRICAL CAPACITOR :
E=
a r b
20 r
V = Va Vb = - Edr
or
ln
V=
20
b
l
b
a
20
q
b
C=
=
=
n
V
V
a
ILLUSTRATION : 01
A parallel plate capacitor has plates of area 200cm 2 and separation between the
plates 1.00mm. What potential difference will be developed if a charge of 1.00nC (i.e., 1.00
x 10-9C) is given to it. Now if separation between the plates is increased to 2.00mm, what
will be the new potential difference?
SOLUTION : The capacitance of the capacitor is C =
0 A
d
F
200 x 10 -4 m 2
x
m
1 x 10 -3 m
= 8. 85 x 10-12
= 0.177 x 10-9F
= 0.177nF.
The potential difference between the plates is
V=
Q
1nC
=
= 5.65 volts.
C 0.177 nF
COMBINATION OF CAPACITORS
SERIES COMBINATION :
+Q
+Q
Q +Q
2
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V2
V3
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1
1
1
1
=
+
+
C2
C3
C C1
PARALLEL COMBINATION :
In this combination p.d. across each of capacitors is same but the charge supplied
at points A and B is shared by capacitors.
V=
Q1+
Q2
Q3
Q1
=
=
and total
C1
C2
C3
charge
Q2
- Q2
Q3
C = C1 + C 2 + C 3
ILLUSTRATION : 02
Find the equivalent capacitance
between points A and B of the circuit
shown, each capacitance = C
Q = Q1 + Q 2 + Q 3
- Q1
- Q3
C
C
C
C
=
+
+
+
= 2C
2
2
2
2
C
.
2
ILLUSTRATION : 03
The figure shown is a system of parallel conductors. Each plate is of equal area A
and equally separated by d. Find the equivalent capacitance of the system between a and
b
SOLUTION : By joining the points of same potential, the
arrangement of conductors may be reduced as shown in
figure. If the capacitance between two successive plates is
given by C =
0 A
then, the equivalent capacitance of the
d
system is given by C eq =
2
1
4
2
3
3C 3 0 A
=
2
2 d
3
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DIELECTRICS :
When a dielectric is introduced between conductors of a capacitor, its capacitance
increases. A dielectric is characterized by a constant 'K' called dielectric constant.
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT :
When a dielectric is placed in an external electric field, polarization occurs and it
develops an electric field in opposition to the external one. As a result total field inside it
decreases. If E is the total field inside the dielectric when it is placed in an external field
E0
( k > 1)
E
If a dielectric completely occupies the space between the conductors of a capacitor its
capacitance increases 'K' times. Hence in presence of a dielectric with dielectric constant '
K ', the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor =
K 0 A
d
q
. The work done to transfer an infinitesimal charge dq from the negative
C
q
dq
C
[The charge moves through the wires, not across the gap between the plates]
Q
C dq =
0
QV
1
Q2
=
=
C V2
2
2
2C
1
1 0 A 2 2
1
0 E 2 (Ad)
E d =
C V2 =
2
2 d
2
1
2
3
4
ie.,
1
0 E 2
2
1
K 0 E 2
2
This energy is stored in a capacitor in the electric field between its plates.
IIT- PHY - CP
Welectrostatic +
[Where
WF
WF = 0
denotes
the
work
done
in
displacement dx]
WF = - Welec. = U
1
Q2
Q2
- F dx =
d =
dc
C
2
2C 2
F=
Q2
2
dc
dx
x
dx
1
dc
V2
2
dx
2C
[Considering capacitor has battery connected to it, i.e., V = Q/C ]
ILLUSTRATION : 04
Two capacitors of capacitances 20pf and 50pf are connected in series with a 6-volt
battery, find
(A) The potential difference across each capacitor
(B) The energy stored in each capacitor
SOLUTION :
(A)
Equivalent capacitance
C=
C1C 2
50 x 20
=
C1 + C 2
50 + 20
Charge on C1 = charge on C 2 =
100
pF
7
100
600
x6=
7
7
20pF
50pF
pC
Potential difference across C1 ( = 50pC ) =
600
=
7 x 50
6V
1.71 V
and across C 2 = ( 20pC ) =
(B)
600
= 4.28 V
7 x 20
1
x 50x (1.71) 2 = 73.5 pJ
2
1
Energy in C 2 = E 2 =
x 20 x ( 4.28) 2 = 184 pJ
2
Energy in C1 = E1 =
ILLUSTRATION : 05
A 5F capacitor is charged to 12 volt. The positive plate of this capacitor is now
connected to the negative terminal of a 12 V battery and vice versa. Calculate the heat
developed in the connecting wires.
SOLUTION :
When capacitor is connected with battery the charge appears on one plate be Q =
CV and - Q on the other plate. If the capacitor is now disconnected and connected to the
same battery again with opposite polarity then - Q appear on first plate and + Q on second
plate.
5
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Q = CV
W = 2C V 2
W = 2x5x 10 6 x (12 ) 2
= 1.44 mJ
ILLUSTRATION : 06
A capacitor stores 50C charge when connected across a battery. When the gap
between the plates is filled with a dielectric, a charge of 100C flows through the battery.
Find the dielectric constant of the material inserted.
SOLUTION :
Initial charge = 50C = Q1
Amount of charge flows = 100C
Q
50C
=
V
V
150C
Q'
=
V
V
150 / V
C'
=
=3
50 / V
C
ILLUSTRATION : 07
In the above circuit, find the potential difference
across AB.
SOLUTION :
Let us mark the capacitors as 1, 2, 3 and 4 for
identification. As is clear, 3 and 4 are in series, and they
are in parallel with 2. The 2,3, 4 combination is in series with 1.
C 34 =
C 3 .C 4
= 4f ,
C3 + C 4
C eq =
8 12
= 4.8f ,
8 + 12
C 2,3, 4 = 8 + 4 = 12f
q = C eq V = 4.8 10 = 48C
q
= 6V
c
48c
V1 = 8F = 6V.
VPQ = 10 6 = 4 V
q'
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VA VB = 0
SOLUTION :
Let charge be as shown
(Capacitors in series have the same charge)
Take loop containing C 1 , C 2 and
CC
q
q
+
E = 0 q = E 1 2
C1 C 2
C1 + C 2
From loop containing C 3 , C 4 and E
Similarly,
q'
q'
+
E = 0
C3 C 4
C C
q' = E 3 4
C3 + C 4
Now, VA VB =
q
q'
C2 C4
C3
C1
C1 + C 2 C 3 + C 4
= E.
C1 .C 4 C 3 .C 2
VA VB = E.
( C1 + C 2 ) .( C 3 + C 4 )
For VA VB = 0
C1C 4 = C 2 C 3 = 0 or
C1 C 3
=
C2 C4
ILLUSTRATION : 09
A 8F capacitor C1 is charged to V0 = 120volt. The
charging battery is then removed and the capacitor is connected
in parallel to an uncharged 4F capacitor C2.
(A) What is the potential difference V across the combination?
(B) What is the stored energy before and after the switch S is
thrown ?
V0
C1
C2
SOLUTION :
(A) Let q 0 be the charge on C1 initially Then q 0 = C1V0 when C1 is connected to
IIT- PHY - CP
V =
C1
8F
(120V )
V0 =
C1 + C 2
8F + 4F
= 80volt.
U0 =
1
1
C1V02 = (8 x 10-6) (120)2
2
2
= 5 .76 x 10-2joule
Final energy stored
U=
=
1
1
C1V 2 + C2V 2
2
2
1
1
(8 x 10-6) (80)2 +
(4 x 10-6) (80)2
2
2
= 3.84 x
-2
10 joule.
Final energy is less than the initial energy. The loss of
energy appears as heat in connecting wires.
ILLUSTRATION : 10
From the given figure find the value of the
capacitance C if the equivalent capacitance between
points A and B is to be 1F. All the capacitances are in
F.
C1
A
C
SOLUTION :
The capacitors C3 and C4 are in parallel, therefore
their resultant capacity C8 is 4. The capacitors C5 and C6
are in series, therefore, their resultant capacity C 9 is 4.
These are shown in figure (A)
C2
C8
(A)
8 1 4
C9 C7
8
. Capacitors C 7 and C 9 are
3
1 1
9
1
23
= +
or
=
1 C 32
C 32
8
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C =
32
F
23
ILLUSTRATION : 11
Five identical conducting plates 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are
fixed parallel to and equidistant from each other as shown in
figure. Plates 2 and 5 are connected by a conductor while 1
and 3 are joined by another conductor. The junction of 1 and
3 and the plate 4 are connected to a source of constant
e.m.f.
V0 . Find
A
= C 0 The
d
C0 x 2 C0
C 0 + 2C 0
2
2 K 0 AV0
Q 5 = V0 C 0 =
d
3
3
Charge on plate 3 on the surface facing 4
V0 C 0 =
K 0 AV0
d
V0
C0
AV0
C 0 = K 0
C 0 + 2C 0
3d
9
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Q3 =
K 0 AV0
K 0 AV0
AV0
=
+ K 0
d
d
3d
A
1 4
1 + 3 = 3 K 0 d V0
ILLUSTRATION : 12
(A) Find the effective capacitance between points X and Y in
the given figure. Assume that
C 2 = 10 F and other
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SOLUTION :
C P = 3 + 9 + 18 = 30F
1
1 1 1
1
= + +
=
C S 3 9 18 2
C S = 2F
Now
CS
2F
1
=
=
C P 30F 15
EXAMPLE : 03
A number of capacitors each of capacitance 1F and each one of which get
punctured if a potential difference just exceeding 500volt is applied, are provided. Then an
arrangement suitable for giving a capacitor of capacitance 2F across which 3000 volt may
be applied requires at least
(A) 18 component capacitors
(B) 36 component capacitors
(C) 72 component capacitors
(D) 144 component capacitors
Ans: (C)
SOLUTION :
3000
=6
500
1
The capacitance of series combination. = F
6
Number of capacitors required in series =
Q=
C=
2 x1 2
= F
2 +1 3
and
2
E
3
The potential of condenser C1 is given by
V1 =
Q
2
= E < 6kV E < 9kv
C1 3
v2 =
Q E
= < E < 12KV
c2 3
IIT- PHY - CP
EXAMPLE : 05
Seven capacitors each of capacitance 2F are to be connected to obtain a
10
F. Which of the following combination is possible.
11
capacitance of
10 x 1
10
= F.
10
+1
11
a resultant capacitance
EXAMPLE : 06
Condenser A has a capacity of 15F when it is filled with a medium of dielectric
constant 15. Another condenser B has a capacity 1F with air between the plates. Both are
charged separately by a battery of 100V. After charging, both are connected in parallel
without battery and the dielectric material being removed. The common potential now is
(A) 400V
(B) 800V
(C) 1200V
(D) 1600V
Ans: (B)
SOLUTION :
Charge on capacitor A is given by q1 = C1 x V
= (15 x 10-6) (100) = 15 x 10-4C
Charge on capacitor B is given by q2 = C2 x V
= (1 x 10-6) (100) = 10-4C
Capacity of condensers A after removing dielectric
10 -6
C
C' = 1 = 15 x
15
K
=1 F
Now when both condenser are connected in parallel their capacity will be
1F + 1F = 2F
Common potential V =
=
q
C
EXAMPLE : 07
Two capacitors 2F and 4F are connected in parallel. A third capacitor of 6 F
capacity is connected in series. The combination is then connected across a 12V battery.
The voltage across 2F capacity is
12
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(A)2V
Ans: (B)
(B) 6V
(C) 8V
(D) 1V
SOLUTION :
Resultant capacitance of condensers of capacity 2F and 4F when connected in
parallel.
C' = 2 + 4 = 6 F
This is connected in series with a capacitor of capacity 6F in series. The resultant capacity
C is given by
1 1 1 1
= + = or C = 3 F
C 6 6 3
q = (3 x 10-6) x (12) = 36 x 10-6C
Charge on combination
q 1 q q1
q
or q1 =
=
3
2
4
q1 = 12 x 10-6C
q1
2 x 10 -6
12 x 10 -6
2 x 10 -6
= 6V
EXAMPLE : 08
The capacitance of the system of parallel plate capacitor shown in the figure isA
2 0 A 1 A 2
(A)
( A1 + A 2 ) d
(C)
0 A1
d
2 0 A 1 A 2
(B)
( A 2 A1 ) d
A
(D) 0 2
A2
Ans : (C)
SOLUTION :
Since the electric field between the parallel charge plates is
uniform and independent of the distance, neglecting the fringe
effect, the effective area of the plate of area A 2 is A1. Thus the
A
capacitance between the plates is C = 0 1
d
(C)
A1
0
A2
EXAMPLE : 9
The charge flowing across the circuit on closing the
key K is equal to
C
V
2
(A) CV
(B)
(C)2CV
(D) Zero
SOLUTION :
13
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When the key K is kept open the charge drawn from the source is Q = C 'V
Where C' is the equivalent capacitance given by C' =
C
2
C
V
2
Therefore Q =
Whey the key K is closed, the capacitor 2 gets short circuited and the charge in the
circuit
Q1 = CV
Charge flowing is Q = Q1 Q =
(B)
C
V
2
EXAMPLE : 10
The figure shows a spherical capacitor with inner sphere earthed.
The capacitance of the system is
(A)
40 ab
b a
(B)
(C) 4 0 ( b + a )
40 b 2
b a
SOLUTION :
Let V be potential of the outer sphere. Thus we can consider two capacitors, one between
the outer sphere and inner sphere and the other between outer sphere and infinity.
Thus,
C1 = 40
ab
b a
C 2 = 4 0 b
C = 40
C=
(B)
ab
+ 40 b
b a
C1
C2
40 b 2
b a
EXAMPLE : 11
A capacitor of capacitance C is charged to a potential difference V from a cell and
then disconnected from it. A charge +Q is now given to its positive plate. The potential
difference across the capacitor is now
(A) V
(B) V +
Q
C
(C) V +
Q
2C
(D) V
Q
, if V <
C
CV
SOLUTION :
14
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In the figure given below, left X and Y be positive and negative plates. After charging from
the cell, the inner faces of X and Y have charges CV , as shown in (A). The outer
surfaces have no charge.
When charge Q is given to X, let the inner faces of X and Y have charges q Then, by the
principle of charge conservation, the outer faces have charges
( q CV )
( Q + CV q )
for X and
for Y, as shown in (B). Now, the outer faces must have equal charges.
Q + CV q = q CV
or 2q = 2CV + Q
or q = CV +
Q
2
Potential difference
q
Q
=V+
C
2C
(C)
EXAMPLE : 12
In an isolated parallel - plate capacitor of capacitance
C, the four surfaces have charges Q1 , Q2 , Q3 and Q4 as
Q1
Q3
Q1 + Q 2 + Q 3 + Q 4
2C
(B)
(C)
Q 2 Q3
2C
(D)
Q 2 + Q3
2C
Q2
Q4
Q1 + Q 4
2C
SOLUTION :
Plane conducting surfaces facing each other must have equal and opposite charge
densities. Here, as the plate areas are equal, Q2 = - Q3
The charge on a capacitor means the charge on the inner surface of the positive
plate-(in this case Q2)
Potential difference between the plates
= charge on the capacitor capacitance.
Potential difference =
Q 2 2Q 2 Q 2 ( Q 2 ) Q 2 Q 3
=
=
=
C
2C
2C
2C
(C)
***
15
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2.
3.
B) U =
1
0E2 (k - 1)
2
C) U =
1
0E2
2
1
k
D)U
1
0E2 1
k
2
4.
5.
The work done in increasing the voltage across the plates of the capacitor from 5V
to 10V is W. The work done in increasing the voltage from 10V to 15V will be
A) W
B) 4/3 W
C) 5/3 W
D) 2W
A parallel plate capacitor of plate area A and plate separation d is charged to
potential difference V and then the battery is disconnected. A slab of dielectric
constant K is then inserted between the plates of the capacitor so as to fill the
space between the plates. If Q, E and W denote respectively, the magnitude of
charge on each plate, the electric field between the plates (after the slab is
inserted), and work done on the system, in questions, in the process of inserting the
slab, then
A) Q =
7.
B) Q =
0 KAV
d
C) E =
V
Kd
D)
0 AV 2
2d
1 K
6.
0 AV
d
16
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8.
A parallel plate condenser is connected to a battery. The plates are pulled apart
with a uniform speed. If x is the separation between the plates, then the time rate
of charge of the electrostatic energy of the condenser is proportional to
A) x2
B) x
C) 1/x
D) 1/x2
A spherical condenser has inner and outer spheres of radii a and b respectively. The
space between the two is filled with air. The difference between the capacities of
two condensers formed when outer sphere is earthed and when inner sphere is
earthed will be
9.
B) 4 0 a
A) zero
a)]
10.
ab
b a
D) 40
12.
13.
14.
D) 4 0 a [b/(b -
11.
C) 4 0 b
B) 4 0 a
C) 4 0 b
a2
b a
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15.
16.
17.
LEVEL - II :
1.
2.
3.
4.
Identical charged 103 oil drops each of radius 0.9nm are combined to form a single
drop. The electrical capacity of the drop is
1) 0.1 PF
2) 1 PF
3) 10 PF
4) 100 PF
A parallel plate condenser is charged end isolated. The distance between the plate
is increased by 2mm and a dielectric slab of thickness 3 mm is introduced between
the plates. If the potential difference between the plates remains same, the
dielectric constant of the dielectric slab is
1) 2
2) 3
3) 4
4) 5
Two identical parallel plate condensers are connected in series. A cell of e.m.f of
20V is connected between their ends. A dielectric slab of constant 4 is placed
between the plates of one of the condensers. The potential difference across
condenser with dielectric slab is
1) 4V
2) 10V
3) 16V
4) 18V
Four identical parallel metal plates each of area A are placed with separation d
between adjacent plates as shown. The capacitance between the plates P and Q is
3 0 A
d
2 0 A
3)
d
1)
5.
6.
2 0 A
3d
A
4) 0
2d
2)
Two spherical conductors of radii 3cm and 6cm are in contact. A charge 10 -9 is
given to them. The potential of the smaller sphere is
1) 67V
2) 33V
3) 50V
4) 100V
A parallel plate condenser is charged and isolated. The energy stored by the
condenser is E. The separation of the plate is doubled and then the space is
completely filled with a dielectric of constant 5. The energy stored by the
18
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condenser now is
1) E
2) 0.8E
3) 0.4E
4) 2.5E
Two condensers charged to potentials 50V and 80V are connected in parallel, the
common potential is 60V. The capacities of the condensers are in the ratio of
1) 2 : 1
2) 1 : 2
3) 3 : 4
4) 4 : 3
The capacitor of 4F charged to 50V is connected to another capacitor of 2F
charged to 100V. The total energy of the combination is
7.
8.
1)
9.
4
x102 J
3
2)
3
x102 J
2
3) 3 x102 J
4)
8
x102 J
3
The radii of two charged metal spheres are 5cm and 10cm both having same
charge 75c. If they are connected by a wire, the quantity of charge transferred
through the wire is
1) 75c
2) 50c
3) 25c
4) 15c
10.
11.
Two identical capacitors have equivalent capacity of 2F when they are connected
in series. If they are connected in parallel and charged to a potential of 200V, the
energy stored in the system is
1) 18 x 10-4 J
2) 18 x 10-4 J
3) 0.16 J
4) 0.36
The capacity of a parallel plate condenser is C. When half the space between the
plates is filled with a slab of dielectric constant K as shown in the figure. If the slab
is removed from the condenser, then the capacity of the condenser becomes
1)
3)
12.
13.
14.
15.
2KC
K +1
( K + 1) C
2K
2)
4)
( K + 1) C
2K
KC
2K + 1
Two parallel plate capacitors C and 2C are connected in parallel and charged to P.D
V. The battery is then disconnected and the region between the plates of the
capacitor C is completely filled with a material of dielectric constant 3. The P.D.
across the capacitors now becomes
1) V
2) 3V
3) 3V/5
4) 4V/5
A condenser of capacity 10F is connected between the terminals of a battery of
potential difference 100V and is charged. The amount of work done by the battery
to charge the condenser is
1) 0.05 J
2) 0.025 J
3) 0.1 J
4) 0.0125 J
Two condensers of capacities C1 = 5 F 100V and C2 = 10F 100V are connected
in series. The maximum potential difference that may be applied between them
without damaging the condensers is
1) 200 V
2) 175 V
3) 150 V
4) 300 V
n identical charged spheres combine together to form a large sphere. The ratio of
the potential of small sphere to potential of large sphere is 1 : 9. The ratio of the
energy stored in small sphere to the energy stored in the large sphere is
1) 1 : 3
2) 1 : 27
3) 1 : 81
4) 1 :
243
19
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16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
The capacity of parallel plate condenser with air between the plates is 10F. If the
space between the plates is completely filled with two dielectric slabs each of
thickness is equal to half of the separation between the plates, whose dielectric
constants are 3 and 2. What will be the percentage change in capacity of the
condenser?
1) 133.3 %
2) 140 %
3) 166.6 %
4) 280 %
The work done in charging a capacitor from 5V to 10V is W. The work done in
charging
the
capacitor from 10V to 15V is
1) 4 W/3
2) 5 W/3
3) 2 W/5
4) 5 W/2
The voltages across C1 and C2 are in the ratio 2 : 3. When C 2 is
completely filled with paraffin, the voltage ratio became 3 : 2.
The dielectric constant of paraffin is
1) 2.25
2) 13/6
3) 27/8
4) 6
A parallel plate capacitor of capacity 5F and plate separation
6cm is connected to a 1V battery and is charged. A dielectric of dielectric constant
4 and thickness 4cm is introduced into the capacitor. The additional charge that
flows into the capacitor from the battery is
1) 2C
2) 3C
3) 5C
4) 10C
A metal sphere A of radius a is charged to a potential V. What will be its potential
if it is enclosed by a spherical conducting shell B of radius b and the two are
connected by a conducting wire?
1) V
2) (a/b) V
3) (b/a) V
4) zero
The capacity of a parallel plate capacitor is 5F. When a glass plate of same area
as the plates but thickness half of the distance between the plates is placed
between the plates of the capacitor, its potential difference reduces to 2/5 of the
original value. The dielectric constant of the glass is
1) 1.5
2) 2.5
3) 5
4) 2s
V0 = E 0 d =
Hint:
22.
Qd
V=
A 0
Qd
A 0
t
1
1 d 1 k
2 V
t
1 1
1 3
=
= 1 1 ; 1 =
5 V0
d
k 2
k 5
Two spheres A and B of radii 4cm and 6cm are given charges of 80C and 40C. If
they are connected by a wire, the amount of charge flowing from one to other is
1) 20C from A to B 2) 16C from A to B
3) 24C from B to A 4) 32C from A to B
Hint: Q = (C1 C2)V =
i.e. Q =
23.
( C2 C1 ) ( C1V1 + C2 V2 ) ( C2 C1 ) ( Q1 + Q2 )
( r2 r1 ) ( Q1 + Q2 )
r1 + r2
C1 + C2
=
C1 + C2
2 x 120
= 24C from B to A
10
Three capacitor of capacitance 10F, 15F, 20F are in series with a cell.
The
charge drawn from the cell is 60C. If they are connected in parallel with the same
20
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25.
qp
qs
Cp E
Cs E
27.
Qd1
Q
=
A 0 A 0
C0
C=
1
t
1
1
d
k
45
x13 = 585C
60
d 2 d1
1 1
d 2 t 1 k k = 1
t
t
1 C
6
1 = 0 =
d
k C 7
Between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor of capacity C, two parallel plates of
the same material and area same as the plate of the original capacitor are placed.
If the thickness of these plates is equal to I/5 th of the distance between the plates of
the original capacitor, then the capacity of the new capacitor is
1) 5/3 C
2) 3/5 C
3) 3C/10
4) 10C/3
Hint: d1 = d, d2 =
29.
Cs
qp = 6 x
28.
Cp
26.
4) 685 C
C2 d1 5
5
3
2
=
= C2 = C
d, t = d &
C1 d 2 3
3
5
5
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30.
B) The energy stored in the capacitor when the charging battery is kept connected
and the separation between the capacitor plates is doubled is E2, the E1/E2 value is
1) 4
2) 3/2
3) 2
4)
A capacitor of capacity of 10F is charged to 40V and a second capacitor of capacity
15F is charged to 30V. If they are connected in a parallel the amount of charge
that flows from the smaller capacitor to higher capacitor in C is
1) 30
2) 60
3) 200
4) 250
Hint: V =
C1 V1 + C2 V2
& Q = (V1 V)C1 = 60C
C1 + C2
31.
32.
C0 V
t
1 = 10C; Q = Q2 Q1
Hint: Q1 = C0 V = 5C; Q2 = C2V =
1 1
d
k
33.
34.
C1V1
C2
1
& U1 = C1 V12 U =
U1
C1 + C2
2
C1 + C 2
A 0
Hint: C =
35.
d t 1
k
CV
1 C1C2
( V1 V2 ) 2 ; V2 = 1 1
2 C1 + C2
C1 + C 2
22
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36.
1
C1V 2 , Potential on second capacitor in contact with the first one V 2 =
2
2
V/2; U2 =
37.
38.
it is
1 V
E
C =
2 2
4
2) 13.6 x 10-9 J
3) 9.5 x 10-9 J
4) 8.75 x 10-
J
39.
40.
Two equal capacitors are first connected in parallel and then in series. The ratio of
the total capacities in the two cases will be
1) 2 : 1
2) 1 : 2
3) 4 : 1
4) 1 : 4
Two condensers of capacity 2C and C are joined in parallel and charged up to
potential V. The battery is removed and the condensor of capacity C is filled
completely with a medium of dielectric constant K. The potential difference across
the capacitors will now be
1)
41.
3V
K
C1 V1 + C2 V2
C1 + C2
V1 + V2
2
3)
V
K+2
4)
V
K
2)
C1 V2 + C2 V1
C1 + C2
4)
C1 V2 C 2 V1
C1 + C2
3)
43.
3V
K+2
42.
2)
4)
n ( n + 1) C
2
Three capacitors of capacitances 3F, 10F and 15F are connected in series to a
voltage source of 100V. The charge on 15F is
44.
1) 50C
2) 100C
3) 200C
4) 280C
In a parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C, a metal sheet is inserted between
the plates parallel to them. If the thickness of the sheet is half of the separation
between the plates, the capacitance will be
23
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45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
1) C/2
2) 3C/4
3) 4C
4) 2C
A 10 micro farad capacitor is charged to 500 V and then its plates are joined
together through a resistance of 10 ohm. The heat produced in the resistance is
1) 500 J
2) 250 J
3) 125 J
4) 1.25 J
A capacitor is charged to 200 volt. It has a charge of 0.1C. When it is discharged,
energy liberated will be
1) 1 J
2) 10 J
3) 14 J
4) 20 J
Half of the separation between two parallel plates of a capacitor is filled with a
dielectric medium. The capacitance of the capacitor becomes 5/3 times its original
value with full space dielectric. The dielectric constant of the medium K is
1) K = 2
2) K = 3
3) K = 4
4) K = 5
A 10F capacitor is charged to a potential difference of 50 V and is connected to
another uncharged capacitor in parallel. Now the common potential difference
becomes 20 V. The capacitance of second capacitor is
1) 10 F
2) 20 F
3) 30 F
4) 15 F
Capacity of a spherical capacitor having two spheres of radii a and b (a > b)
separated by a medium of dielectric constant K is given by
Kab
in SI system
ab
4 0 Kab
3)
in SI system
( a b)
1)
2)
4)
4 0 Kab
in CGS system
ab
K ( a b)
ab
in CGS system
50.
51.
52.
3) 30 F
4) 10 F
The capacitance of four plates, each of area A arranged as
shown in figure as
2 0 A
d
4 0 A
3)
d
1)
3 0 A
d
5 0 A
4)
d
2)
53.
IIT- PHY - CP
54.
55.
56.
57.
1
1
1
1
=
+
+
K K1 K 2 2K 3
2)
3)
1 K1 + K 2
=
+ 2K 3
K K1 + K 2
4) K =
59.
60.
61.
K1K 3
K 2 K3
+
K1 + K 3 K 2 + K 3
58.
1
1
1
=
+
K K1 + K 2 2K 3
The equivalent
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62.
63.
64.
charge
1) both will decrease
2) both will increase
3) p.d. will increase but charge will decrease
4) p.d. will decrease but charge will increase
Five identical capacitor plates, each of area A, are arranged such
that adjacent plates are at a distance d apart. The plates are
connected to a source of emf V as shown in figure. The charge on
plate 1 is q and that on 4 is q', where
1) q' = q
2) q' = 2q
3) q' = -2q
4) q' = 3q
For the circuit shown in figure which of
the following statements is true
1) With S1 closed, V1 = 15V, V2 = 20V
2) With S3 closed, V1 = V2 = 25V
3) With S1 and S2 closed, V1 = V2 = 0
4) With S1 and S3 closed, V1 = 30V, V2 = 20V
Two identical capacitors, having the same capacitance C. One of them is charged
to a potential V1 and the other to V2. The negative ends of the capacitor are
connected together. When the positive ends are also connected, the decrease in
energy of the combined system is
1)
65.
66.
67.
1
C (V12 V2 2 )
4
69.
1
C ( V13 + V2 2 )
4
3)
1
C (V1 V2 ) 2
4
4)
1
C (V1 + V2 ) 2
4
68.
2)
2) (3/2)
CV 2
3) (25/6) CV 2
4) (9/2) CV 2
You are given thirty two capacitors each having capacity 4 F. How do you connect all of them to
prepare a composite capacitor having capacitance 8 F?
1) 4 Condensers in series 8 such groups in parallel
2) 2 Condensers in series and 16 such groups in parallel
3) 8 Condensers in series and 4 such groups in parallel
4) All of them in series.
Find out the effective capacitance between points P and Q. It will be
equal to
26
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1) 9 F
70.
3) 1 F
4) 6 F
An uncharged parallel plate capacitor having a dielectric of constant K is connected to a similar air filled
capacitor charged to a potential V. The two share the charge and the common potential is V'. The
dielectric constant K is
V V
V +V
1)
71.
72.
74.
V V
V
3)
V V
V
4)
V V
V
(Q1 + Q 2 )
2C
2)
(Q1 + Q 2 )
C
3)
(Q 1 Q 2 )
C
4)
(Q 1 Q 2 )
2C
Three very large plates are given charges as shown in the figure. If the cross
sectional area of each plate is the same, the final charge distribution on plate C
is:
1) +5 Q on the inner surface, +5 Q on the outer surface
2) +6 Q on the inner surface, +4 Q on the outer surface
3) +7 Q on the inner surface, +3 Q on the outer surface
4) +8 Q on the inner surface, +2 Q on the outer surface
Two identical sheets of metallic foil are separated by d and capacitance of the system is C and is charged
to a potential difference E. Keeping the charge constant, the separation is increased by l. Then the new
capacitance and potential difference will be:
1)
75.
2)
Two condensers each having capacitance C and breakdown voltage V are joined in series. The
capacitance and the breakdown voltage of the combination will be
1) 2C and 2V
2) C/2 and V/2
3) 2C and V/2
4) C/2 and 2V
Two identical metal plates are given positive charges Q 1 and Q2 (< Q1) respectively. If they are now
brought close together to form a parallel plate capacitor with capacitance C, the potential difference
between them is
1)
73.
2) 4.5 F
0 A
,E
d
2)
0 A
,E
(d +l)
3)
0 A
A
l
l
, 1 + E 4) 0
, 1 + E
(d +l)
d
d
d
A A A
A
, , ...... (n 1) . The equivalent
2 4 8
2
0 A
2n d
2)
0 A
n
( 2 1)d
3)
0 A
n
( 2 2) d
4)
0 A
(2
76.
1)d
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77.
1) 2 : 5
2) 3 : 5
3) 5 : 2
4) 5 : 3
A parallel plate capacitor has two layers of dielectric
as shown in figure.
This capacitor is connected across a battery, then
2
1
the ratio of potential
difference across the dielectric layers
1) 4/3
2) 1/2
3) 1/3
4) 3/2
Five conducting plates are placed parallel to each other.
Separation between them is d and area of each plate is A.
Plate number 1, 2 and 3 are connected with each other
and at the same time through a cell of emf E. The charge
on plate number 1 is
1) E0A/d
2) E0A/2d
3) 2 E0A/d
4) zero
A capacitor of capacity C1, is charged by connecting it across a battery of emf V 0. The battery is then
removed and the capacitor is connected in parallel with an uncharged capacitor of capacity C 2. The
potential difference across this combination is:
k = 2k = 6
78.
79.
1)
80.
81.
82.
C2
V0
C1 + C 2
2)
C1
V0
C1 + C 2
3)
C1 + C 2
V0
C2
4)
C1 + C 2
V0
C1
The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is 16F. When a glass slab is placed
between the plates, the potential difference reduces to 1/8 th of the original value. What
is dielectric constant of glass ?
1) 4
2) 8
3) 16
4) 32
The equivalent capacity across M and N in the given figure is:
1) 5C/3
2) 2/3C
3) C
4) 3/2C
Three plates of common surface area A are connected as shown. The
effective capacitance between points P and Q will be:
0 A
d
3 0 A
3)
2 d
1)
2)
4)
30 A
d
20 A
d
83.
A dielectric slab of dielectric constant K = 5 is covered from all sides with a metallic foil. This system is
introduced into the space of a parallel plate capacitor of capacitance 10 F. The slab fills almost the
entire space between the plates, but does not touch the plates. The capacitance will become nearly:
1)
2) zero
3) 2 pF
4) 50 Pf
84.
85.
capacitance 2.0 F can withstand the maximum voltage 4 kV. If the two capacitors are connected in
series, then the two capacitors combined can take up a maximum voltage of:
1) 2.4 kV
2) 5 kV
3) 9 kV
4) 10 kV
A spherical conductor of radius 2m is charged to a potential of 120 V. It is now placed inside another
hollow spherical conductor of radius 6 m. Calculate the potential of bigger sphere if the smaller sphere is
made to touch the bigger sphere:
1) 20 V
2) 60 V
3) 80 V
4) 40 V
28
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86.
A parallel plate capacitor has two layers of dielectrics as shown in figure. Then the ratio of potential
difference across the dielectric layers when connected to the battery is:
1)
K1
K2
2)
K 1a
K 2b
3)
K 2b
K 1a
4)
K 2a
K 1b
LEVEL - III :
1.
2.
C) 25/6 CV2
D) 9/2 CV2
3.
B) 3/2 CV2
B) 2H
C) H
D) H/2
C2
U0
C1 + C 2
B)
C1
U0
C1 + C 2
C C2
C) 1
C1 + C 2
U0
D)
C1C 2
U0
2(C1 + C 2 )
4.
5.
1
C(1 ~ 2 ) 2
2
B)
1
C(1 + 2 ) 2
2
C)
1
1
C12 C 2 2
2
2
D)
1
1
C12 + C 2 2
2
2
IIT- PHY - CP
C1V1 + C 2 V2 + C 3 V3
C1 + C 2 + C 3
B) V1 + V2 + V3
D) V1
C) 0
6.
7.
1 q 2 q3
2 C
q 2 q3
B)
C)
1 q2 q4
2 C
q2 q4
D)
The plates of a parallel plate capacitor are separated by d cm. A plate of thickness
t cm with dielectric constant k1 is inserted and the remaining space is filled with a
plate of dielectric constant k2. If Q is the charge on the capacitor and area of plates
is A cm2 each, then potential difference between the plates is
A)
8.
C
C2
C
+ V2 3 + V3 1
C3
C1
C2
Q t
d t
+
0 A k1
k 2
B)
4Q t
d t
+
A k1
k 2
C)
k
Q k1 d t
4Q k 1
+ 2 D)
+
A t
dt
0 A t
k 2
Find the capacitance of a system of three parallel plates each of area A separated
by distances d1 and d2. The space between them is filled with dielectrics of relative
dielectric constants 1 and 2. The dielectric constant of free space is 0
9.
A)
1 2 0 A
1 d 2 + 2 d1
C)
1 2 A
0 (1 + 2 ) d1 d 2
1 2 0 A
1 d1 + 2 d 2
D)
A
1 2 0 (1 d1 + 2 d 2 )
Two identical capacitors, have the same capacitance C, One of them is charged to
potential V1 and the other to V2. The negative ends of the capacitors are connected
together. When the positive ends are also connected, the decrease in energy of the
combined system is
A)
10.
B)
1
C V12 V22
4
B)
1
C V12 + V22
4
C)
1
C ( V1 V2 ) 2
4
D)
1
C ( V1 + V2 ) 2
4
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A)
11.
6 0 E 2
Ad
B)
4 0 AE 2
d
C)
4 0 AE 3
2d
D)
2 0 AE
d2
2:1
B) 2 : 1
C) 1 : 1
D) 1 :
2
12.
13.
B) 20 F
C) 40 F
D) 5 F
k=4
Consider the arrangement of three plates X, Y and Z each of area A and separation
d. The energy stored when the plates are fully charged is:
A)
0 AV 2
2d
B)
0 AV 2
d
C)
20 AV 2
d
D)
30 AV 2
2d
2.
B) Charge on C1 is 3 C
D) Energy supplied by
In the arrangement shown in Fig, all capacitors have equal capacities equal to
1 F. If the emf of the battery is 2 V
A) The charge on capacitor C1 is 1 C
B) The potential difference across C2 is 1 V
C) The energy stored in C3 is 2 J
3.
In a parallel plate capacitor, the area of each plate is A and the plate separation is
d. The capacitor carries a charge q and the force of attraction between the two
plates is F. Then
31
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A) F q2
4.
B) F d
C) F 1/A
D) F 1/d
5.
6.
7.
A parallel-plate capacitor is charged from a cell and then disconnected from the
cell. The separation between the plates is now doubled
A) The potential difference between the plates will become double
B) The field between the plates will not change
C) The energy of the capacitor doubles
D) Some work will have to be done by an external agent on the plates
8.
9.
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then disconnected from it. A dielectric slab of dielectric constant K, which can just
fill the air gap of the capacitor, is now inserted in it
A) The potential difference between the plates decreases K times
B) The energy stored in the capacitor decreases K times
C) The change in energy is
1
C02 (K - 1)
2
1
C 02
2
1
K
10.
1
C02 (K - 1)
2
1.
List I
a) energy stored in capacitor by external
source
b) field inside the dielectric when is placed
in between plates of capacitor battery still
connected
c) charge on capacitor by placing dielectric
and battery connection is removed
List II
a) remain same
d) decreases
c)
1Q
2C
2.
List I
a) Energy stored in capacitor
b) Capacity of spherical capacitor
c) Force between plates of capacitor
List II
e) 40R
f)
q2
2 0 AK
g)
1
0E2
2
33
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h) q /2C
2.
3.
Five identical plates each of area A are joined as shown in the figure. The distance
between the plates is d. The plates are connected to a
potential difference of V volts. The charge on plates 1
1
2
3
4
5
and 4 will be [IIT 1984]
V
AV 2 0 AV
.
(a) 0
d
d
(c)
4.
0 AV 20 AV
d
AV 2 0 AV
.
(b) 0
d
d
(d)
0 AV 20 AV
.
d
d
3F
In the figure below, what is the potential difference between the point
3F
20
A
1F
1F
1F
100V
10
C
(b) 5 : 1
(c) 3 : 5
(d) 5 : 3
34
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6.
7.
(b)
25CV 2
6
(c)
3CV 2
2
(d)
Q1
Q3
8.
Q1 + Q 2 + Q3 + Q4
Q + Q3
(b) 2
2C
2C
(c)
Q 2 Q3
2C
(d)
Q4
Q2
9CV 2
2
Q1 + Q4
2C
For the circuit shown, which of the following statements is true [IIT-JEE 1999]
(a) With S1 closed, V1 = 15 V, V2 = 20 V
S1
V1=30V
+
V2=20V
S3 +
C1=2pF
C2=3pF
S2
(b) q / 2
(c) q
(d)
2q
10.
qEa 2
P
S
Q
R
(b) qEa
(d) qE [(2a)2 +b2 ]
35
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IIT- PHY - CP
2.
1
1
1
1
=
+
+
C p C1 C2 C3
3.
Assertion
beam.
: Capacity of the capacitor does not depend upon the nature of the
: Dielectric breakdown occurs under the influence of an intense light
Assertion : Conductors having equal positive charge and volume, must also have
same potential.
Reason : Potential depends only on charge and volume of conductor.
7.
Assertion : The lightening conductor at the top of high building has sharp pointed
ends.
Reason
: The surface density of charge at sharp points is very high resulting in
setting up of electric wind.
8.
36
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IIT- PHY - CP
9.
ground.
10.
Assertion : A bird perches on a high power line and nothing happens to the bird.
Reason
11.
LEVEL II
1
2
2
1
3
4
1
3
6
1
4
8
1
1
2
2
2
3
4
2
4
6
2
3
8
2
4
1
2
3
3
4
3
3
6
3
4
8
3
1
2
2
4
3
4
4
4
6
4
3
8
4
3
4
2
5
3
4
5
4
6
5
4
8
5
1
3
2
6
3
4
6
2
6
6
1
8
6
4
1
2
7
1
4
7
3
6
7
2
1
2
8
1
4
8
3
6
8
1
3
2
9
3
4
9
3
6
9
1
0
3
3
0
2
5
0
3
7
0
4
1
2
3
1
1
5
1
4
7
1
4
2
3
3
2
3
5
2
2
7
2
4
3
3
3
3
3
5
3
2
7
3
3
4
3
3
4
1
5
4
4
7
4
3
5
4
3
5
4
5
5
2
7
5
3
6
2
3
6
3
5
6
3
7
6
2
7
2
3
7
2
5
7
2
7
7
4
8
1
3
8
4
5
8
2
7
8
4
9
3
3
9
3
5
9
4
7
9
2
0
2
4
0
4
6
0
3
8
0
2
LEVEL III
1
10
11
12
13
10
ABC
ABD
AC
BC
AC
ABCD
ABCD
AD
ABD
ABD
37
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IIT- PHY - CP
02. a h, b
e, c f, d g
PRIVIOUS YEAR IIT QUESTIONS
1
10
BC
AB
10
11
***
38
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