UPSR

ENGLISH MODULE

PREFACE:
GRRIS Module is organized to give English teachers
an alternative method to teach English Language to
the pupils.
There are 5 integrated activities that can be
done in the classroom to tackle the problems arise in
UPSR Bahasa Inggeris Pemahaman Paper and
Bahasa Inggeris Penulisan Paper
The activities are:
1

GraD (Grammar in Development)

A systematic method designed for pupils to
master grammar items.

ReCoME (Reading Comprehension Made

Easy)
Generate pupils ideas through WH questions.

RUSh (Read, Understand, Search)

A useful guide for pupils to find and locate
information.

ISi (Idea Supporting idea)

A step-by-step guide to generate main and
supporting ideas.

StraW (Strategic Writing)

Show steps should be taken by pupils
to write a composition.

PANEL MEMBERS
1. ENCIK EMMY JASMIN BIN HJ. OTHMAN
SMK SERI PEKAN.
2. TUAN HAJI SUHAIMI BIN IDRIS,
SK JENGKA SEBELAS.
3. ENCIK MOHD ZARIM BIN MISWAN
SK MERCHONG JAYA.
4. PUAN NORAZIAH BINTI JELANI
SK LKTP JENGKA 5.
5. PUAN SITI MAZURA BINTI SHAIKH MUSTAFA
SK BUKIT RANGIN.
6. PUAN NOOR BAIDURI BINTI CHE JAFFAR
SK TUNKU AZIZAH.
7. PUAN SUZZANNA BINTI AMIR MOHAMMAD
SK JAYA GADING.
8. PUAN ROHANA BINTI RAZLAN
SK PELINDUNG.
9. PUAN MASNI BINTI OTHMAN
SK WIRA.
10.ENCIK MAZARUL ARIF BIN OSMAN
SK PEKAN JAYA.

INSTRUCTIONS
1

GraD (Grammar in Development)

a)
Teacher introduces the topics.
b)
Teacher gives notes and examples.
c)
Pupils give more examples.
d)
Pupils complete tasks given.
i. Choose the correct answer.
ii. Fill in the blanks.
iii. Construct sentences based on the
pupils ability and creativity.

ReCoME (Reading Comprehension Made

Easy)

a)
b)
c)

Pupils identify keywords in WH

questions.
Pupils construct grammatically
correct sentences.
Pupils give short and simple
supporting ideas.

RUSh (Read, Understand, Search)

a)
Pupils have to read and understand
the text given.
b)

Pupils locate specific information

from the text.

c)

Pupils search for keywords.

d)

Pupils choose the BEST answer and

fill in the blanks with correct
information.

ISi (Idea Supporting idea)

a)
b)
c)
d)

Find the keywords from the rubric.

Circle the keywords.
Draw a bubble map by answering Whquestions
Then, use the answers gathered from
the questions to start writing.

StraW (Strategic Writing)

a)
Pupils identify the tense(s) by looking at
the verbs.
b)
Pupils find / acknowledge the meaning
of the words given.
c)
Pupils construct sentences in Malay
language.
d)
Then pupils translate the sentences to
English Language .
e)
Finally check ;
i grammar
ii spelling
iii punctuation
iv storyline
v paragraphing

NOTE :
- Teachers are required to add more exercises
to enhance pupils understanding.
- The panel members hope that this module will
help the teachers to carry out effective
classroom teaching and benefit the pupils in
their self access learning.(SAL)

GraD
Grammar in Development

ADJECTIVES
Definition:
An adjective is a describing word. It is used to tell something more about objects, people
or animals (Noun).
Examples :
1. Words used to describe people:
Tall, short, kind, fair, ugly, fat
2. Words used to describe objects:
Long, black, white, hard, square, soft
3. Words used to describe animals:
Wild, tame, fierce, small, fast, huge

Adjectives order
Adjectives
fact adjectives

determiner

opinion
adjectives

head

size,
other

shape,
age,

noun
Origin material purpose*

colour
Two

Ugly

Black

guard

dogs

Your

fabulous

New

sports

car

lovely

pink and
green

Thai

silk

dress

Exercise 1 Underline the adjectives in each of the sentences below

1- Miss Nina is a kind teacher. All of her pupils love her.
2- Amin drinks a lot of water because he is thirsty.
3- Laili took a photograph of a tall building.
4- The white duck swam in the pond.
5- The clown wore stripped pants and big shoes.

Exercise 2 Circle the correct answer

1. Mrs. Yong is a ____________ woman. She owns five houses.
A

sad

poor

rich

busy

2. Ahmad is wearing a _______________ shirt.

A

new

helpful

clumsy

friendly

3. The _____________ girl made her mother very angry.

A

old

rude

sad

happy

4. Our school will build a _______________ canteen next year.

A

tall

fierce

new

happy

5. Suzy had a very ________________ fever.

A

sad

high

tall

heavy

6. Fahim is very ______________. He always donates money to the orphanages.

A

tall

short

huge

generous

7. It is going to rain because the sky is ________________.

A

dark

warm

clear

bright

8. The school field is __________________ because there is no rain.

A

dry

wild

neat

small

9. You are such a ________________ boy, Puan Alia said to Bala.

A

best

better

good

cleverer

10. Faris listens to his parents. He is polite and ________________.

A

rude

obedient

naughty

talkative

11. The durian is a fruit with ____________ thorns and __________ skin.
A

soft , long

short , smooth

sharp , hard

broken , rough

12. The weather today is _______________ than yesterday but

last week was the ___________.

hot, hotter

hotter, hotter

hot, hottest

hotter, hottest

13. The movie was so _____________ that Mariam fell asleep

A

dull

exciting

good

frightening

14. Mei Lings handwriting is _______________ and tidy.

A

soft

loud

neat

sharp

15. We had a ________________ time looking for a perfect spot for picnic.
A

soft

hard

loud

poor

16. My grandfather is old but he is still ______________

A

rich

healthy

loud

generous

17. Chinese New Year is always a ________________ occasion for Lim and his
family.
A

wild

noisy

hard

joyful

10

18. Puan Salmah was __________________ when her daughter went out without her
permission.
A

calm

happy

angry

honest

19. The curry was tasteless because my sister put too ________________ salt.
A

little

much

more

many

20. There isnt ________________ time left, we m

ust hurry or we will be late.

little

much

a few

many

21. Janet stayed _________ and _________ even though she has a lot of problems.
A

calm, cool

calm, angry

alert, cool

bored, busy

22. If you want to be a ___________ person, you must study _________ from now,
says Mister Razak.
A

successful, crazy

successful, hard

clean, hard

cooperative, delightful

23. Ramachandran can run __________ because he is so __________.

A

fast, cute

easy, difficult

cruel, energetic

fast, energetic

11

24. The ____________ guy who just walked by is so ____________.

i

handsome

ii

knowledgeable

iii

beautiful

iv

tame

i and ii

i and iv

ii and iii

ii and iii

25. Based on her __________ experience, she has worked hard and become a
__________ person.
i

frightened

ii

painful

iii

wealthy

iv

happy

i and ii

i and iii

ii and iii

ii and iv

12

Exercise 3 Fill in the blanks with suitable answers.

handsome

poor

rough

easy

expensive

beautiful

clear

friendly

fat

huge

1. The _________________ woman lives in a small house.

2. The __________________ girl could not run fast.

3. The parrot is a _________________ bird.

4. Puan Zakiah wore an _______________ necklace.

5. The __________________ boy spoke to everyone at the party.

6. You can see many stars on a ________________ night.

7. One must drive carefully on a __________________ road.

8. This sum is _________________.

9. Anis brother is __________________.

10. An elephant is a _________________ animal.

13

Exercise 4 Construct sentences by adding adjectives.

Examples : car - road
Type of Sentences Examples
Simple

The old car is on the road.

Compound

The old and small car is on the road.

Complex

The old blue and small car which was parked by the road
belongs to Mr. Shabby.

1.

I eat fried rice

2. Faris searching keys

3. They sat porch

4. Doctor cleans wounds

5. Syiffa parking bicycle

6. Fahim washed car

14

7. plumber repairs pipe

8. Mary wrote letter

9. we will - go movie

10. the deer jumped water

15

ADVERBS
An adverb :
Defination

Examples

Adds something to the meaning

- My mother spoke angrily.

of a verb

- The soldiers fought bravely.

Tells us how an action is done

- He sings sweetly.
- The dog barked loudly.

Tells us when and action is

- Do it now.

done

- Bring your books tomorrow.

Tells us where an action is

- The bus stops here.

done

- The child looked up.

Tells us how often an action is

- I never go to the cinema.

done

- He always goes to school late.

Exercise 1 Underline the adverbs in each of the sentences below.

1. The old lady is talking slowly.
2. I wanted to go in.
3. She looked everywhere for her glass.
4. Razif often buys the newspaper.
5. They will go to the museum tomorrow and promise to walk carefully.

Exercise 2 Circle the correct answer.

1. Alia trains very hard. That is why she can run ____________ fast.
A

too

more

very

much

16

2. The express bus was moving _______________ when I arrived at the bus station.
A

slow

quick

away

faster

3. The children _______________ go to the playground.

A

good

seldom

much

everywhere

4. The dog barked _______________ and woke everyone up in the house.

A

softly

quietly

loudly

soundly

5. When the game started, the pupils cheered ______________.

A

sadly

hurriedly

quickly

excitedly

6. The old woman walked _______________ because she was tired.

A

fast

briskly

slowly

hurriedly

7. Amira tripped over a stone because she ran _______________ fast.

A

too

much

only

always

17

8. The girls sang ___________ and won the competition.

A

quietly

sweetly

prettily

gracefully

9. Razwan is a hardworking boy. He _______________ forgets to do his homework.

A

often

always

never

usually

10. Ah Boon is determined to pass his UPSR. Thats why he is studying

_______________ .
A

hard

rarely

never

seldom

11. They ____________ accept her as their housekeeper.

A

gladly

peacefully

bravely

excellently

12. Yasmin understood the message because Chan spoke _______________.

A

softly

quickly

clearly

hurriedly

13. The boy _____________ took some money from his mother and ran out
__________ to buy an ice cream.
A

sadly, carefully

happily, quickly

politely, lightly

quickly, tiredly

18

14. Kevin did his English test ___________ and he promised to do it better next time.
A

badly

angrily

quickly

carefully

15. Please speak ________________ because the baby is sleeping in the next room.
A

softly

politely

slowly

pleasantly

16. After a long distance, the man walked ______________ using a walking stick.
A

weakly

clumsily

quickly

hurriedly

17. Please put the boxes of crockery ________________ on the floor.

A

gently

lightly

kindly

heavily

18. The skilful workers did their work__________________ .

A

clearly

hungrily

politely

efficiently

19. Jonah is an early riser. He ________________ wakes up at 5 a.m.

A

never

always

rarely

frequently

19

20. Sarah was praised by her teacher because she did her Mathematics homework
________________.
A

clearly

smoothly

carefully

carelessly

21. His face looks __________ because he always makes other people to live
__________.
A

cheerfully, happily

calmly, busily

cheerfully, badly

casually, happily

22. Come here __________. We need to go there __________ by bus.

A

quickly, brightly

quickly, urgently

badly, urgently

anxiously, gracefully

23. You should not go __________ because a lot of people might feel __________.
A

away, gracefully

easily, worriedly

away, worriedly

there, carefully

24. They plan to go there __________ after the breakfast. They __________ visit my
family because we are close.
i

never

ii

tomorrow

iii

seldom

iv

often

i and ii

i and iv

ii and iii

ii and iv

20

25. The pupils played football at the school field __________. They __________ win
in any competition.
i

yesterday

ii

always

iii

never

iv

sometimes

i and ii

i and iv

ii and iii

ii and iv

21

Exercise 3 Fill in the blanks with suitable answers. (adverbs)

soundly

hungrily

quickly

sweetly

seldom

gently

soon

bravely

never

regularly

1. The soldier fought _____________________ in the war.

2. The children are sleeping _____________________ in the bedroom.

3. Sharif ran home _____________________ because he missed the bus.

4. The pupils ate _____________________ because they were dismissed late from
class.
5. Sally and Juliza will be ready to leave _____________________.

6. Encik Zamri _____________________ smokes. He says that smoking is bad for

health.

7. The nurse _____________________ dressed the patients wound.

8. My grandfather was much better after taking the medicine__________________.

9. Ning Baizura sings_____________________ doesn

t she?

10. The boy is very stubborn. He _____________________ listens to his mother.

22

Exercise 4 Construct sentences.

Examples :
Type of Sentences Examples
Simple

Siti is reading loudly.

Compound

Siti and Salmah are reading loudly.

Complex

Siti and Salmah who are sitting on the chairs are reading loudly.

1. she sweetly

2. mother shouted angrily

3. dances gracefully

4. Zarina Fatimah crept quietly

5. cat dog fight soon

6. Chong Wei always badminton tennis

23

7. girl who gracefully Sarah

8. pencil which here gone

9. cow which horns grazing field now

10. need umbrella because soon

24

ANTONYMS
DEFENITION

A word which is opposite in meaning to another

EXAMPLES :
No.

Antonyms

Absent

Present

Easy

Difficult

Give

Take

Waiter

Waitress

Masculine

Feminine

East

West

Here

There

Softly

Loudly

Polite

Rude

10

Rough

Smooth

Exercise 1 Underline the antonyms for the bold words in each of the sentences
below.
1. The young boy and the old man are walking along the path.
2. You must come to the school early and must not be late.
3. We must always be happy in our life and never feel sad.
4. How can I dry my shoes as they are still wet?
5. To win or to lose is not the matter.

25

Exercise 2 Choose the word that has the opposite meaning as the underlined
word.
1. Her fever is getting better.
A

bad

good

well

worse

2. The twins have different taste in colour but the _______ taste in music.
A

right

wrong

same

unlike

3. The food and drinks at the new restaurant are very cheap.
A

expensive

affordable

reasonable

low-priced

4. Tonys house is near Lindas house but ______________ from the school.
A

far

close

next

opposite

5. His grandfather has an ancient vase in his house.

old

modern

antique

old-fashion

6. My sister, Ayuni likes to eat chocolate that taste bitter.

A

sour

spicy

salty

sweet

26

7. Faezahs curly hair becomes ___________ when it is wet.

A
B

fair
wavy

spiky

straight

8. Rina is weak because she does not exercise. Her sister is _________ because
she exercises every day.
A

pretty

feeble

strong

healthy

9. After being taken care by the nurse, the sickly patient became _____________.
A

noisy

healthy

lively

energetic

10. The weather on the hill used to be cool but now it is ______________
A

hot

cold

dry

warm

11. Ruhil is a polite girl but her brother is ___________

A

old

neat

rude

lazy

12. Jamilah found the purse that she had _______________ last week.
A

lost

given

taken

thrown

27

13. In those day, the road in the villages were narrow but now they
are_____________
A

big

wide

long

deep

14. Please sit here, you are not allowed to go _______________.

A

far

away

out

there

15. The smell of cooked meat is strong.

A

cut

dried

raw

seasoned

16. We had a free weekend at home.

A

dull

short

busy

interesting

17. The wild horses galloped noisily across the plain.

A

old

angry

tame

hungry

18. Some people think that the chameleon is a hideous lizard.

A

big

ancient

greedy

beautiful

28

19. Some modern chemicals are hazardous.

A

safe

helpful

easy

difficult

20. Some people think it is foolish to try to remember so many facts.

A

wise

difficult

easy

intelligent

21. I beg him to __________ my offer but he __________ to take it.

A

accept, never

alive, refuse

calm, troubled

accept, refuses

21. The crowd of __________ promise to treat their __________ at any time with
dedicatedly.
A

teachers, employee

doctors, patients

doctors, pupils

employer, employee

23. Please do not __________ me because I will always __________ you, says the
lady to her grandson.
A

forget / remember

treat / remember

forget / think

bring / left

29

24. You need to have a good __________ life at all times, if not you might be
_______.
i

little

ii

healthy

iii ill
iv lazy
A

i and ii

i and iv

ii and iii

ii and iv

25. Attention to the entire __________ officers, please guide your __________
officers to be the best officers.
i

senior

ii

junior

iii tenant
iv leader
A

i and ii

ii and iii

i and iv

ii and iv

30

Exercise 3 Fill in the blanks with the correct words.

small

blunt

found

narrow

cruel

heavy

shallow

selfish

close

never

1. Baharom lost his bag. His friend, Shuhada ___________ it behind the cupboard.

2. The newspaper is light but the thick book is _______________.

3. The _____________ box is on the shelf but the big box is on the floor.

4. Please open the windows but ___________ the doors.

5. Be careful with this knife because it is sharp. You can hold the scissors, it is
__________.

6. The kind lady is loved by the children but they hate the ___________ stepmother.

7. It is dangerous to swim in the deep water so you can swim in the

___________water.

8. This path is _______ but the road is broad.

9. Govinda always practises skate boarding but he ___________ tries wall

climbing.

10. Cikgu Murni is a generous lady. She always donates to the poor but Haji Bakhil is
_________, he does not like to give money to others.
31

Mention for second time

This is a book. The book is thick.

Only one
The sun
The earth
The KLCC

32

Exercise 1 Underline the articles in each of the sentences below.

1. The boy saw an ostrich crossing the road.
2. Ainul is the tallest girl in the class.
3. The sun shines brightly today.
4. Razin Rifqi went to the Pekan Museum last Sunday.
5. Syazana has a cute bag.

Exercise 2 Circle the correct answers.

1. My sister is going out in __________hours time.
A

an

the

2. He had milk, bread and__________egg for breakfast.

A

an

the

3. Let us walk outside and watch__________stars.

A

an

the

4. There was _________cobra on that tree just now.

A

an

the

5. _______bus left two hours ago.

A

An

The

6. My uncle is ___________lawyer in town.

A

an

the

33

7. I have ________friend who lives in Singapore.

A

an

the

8. My mother gave me _______slice of pineapple.

A

an

the

9. The guard caught_________thief last night.

A

an

the

10. There was no electricity in ________apartment last weekend.

A

an

the

11. Ramlah bought ____________ most expensive dress in the shop.

A

an

the

12. Badrul lives in _______________ bungalow at ________ top of the hill.

A

a, a

a, the

an, a

an, the

13. The ladies are busy hanging _____________ curtains for _________ wedding.
A

a, a

a, the

an, a

the, the

14. They live in _______________beautiful house on ________ island.

A

a, a

an, an

a, an

the, an

34

15. ________________ woman in the news is __________engineer.

A

A, a

The, a

A, the

The, an

16. Samad has ______________ brother who is studying in _______ university in

Japan.
A

a, a

the, an

the, a

the, the

17. During his vacation, Lee Meng saw ________________ large whale in
__________ coast of New Zealand.
A

-, a

the, -

-, -

a, the

18. Zaleha has __________________ uncle and __________ aunt who are living in
Seremban.
A

a, a

an, a

a, an

an, an

19. Kassim drives ________________ ice-cream truck for __________ living.

A

a, a

an, an

an, a

the, the

20. Murad has always wish to fly in ________________ hot air balloon to
__________ Europe.
A

a, a

-, the

a, -

an, an

35

21. There is ______ kite on ______ tree.

A

a, a

a, the

a, -

the, the

22. Idris has _________ exciting story book. _______ story book consists of 150
pages.
A

an, An

an, The

an, A

a, The

23. I am using _________ laptop which you lent me yesterday. Tomorrow, I will buy
_____ new one.
A

-, a

the, the

a, a

the, a

24. Mr. Foo is teaching _____ English and how to answer ______ simple present
tense questions correctly.
i

ii

iii

an

iv

the

i and ii

iii and iv

ii and iii

i and iv

36

25. My mother bought me _____ S-size T-shirt which I think ____ T-shirt is suitable
for my younger brother.
i.

ii.

iii. an
iv. the
A

i and ii

ii and iv

ii and iii

iii and iv

Exercise 3 Fill in the blanks with correct articles.

1. __________ orang utan which escaped from the zoo was recaptured.
2. The giraffe has __________ very long neck.
3. I waited for __________ hour before the bus arrived.
4. The farmer picked up __________ handful of soil.
5. __________ moon shines brightly in the sky.
6. I bought __________ apple and five oranges.
7. There was __________ heavy storm this afternoon.
8. There is not much sugar left in __________ bowl.
9. He caught __________ butterfly with a net.
10. ____ sun sets in __________ west.

37

Exercise 4 Sentence constructions

Example : Ali - new watch
Type of Sentences Examples
Simple

Ali wears a new watch.

Compound

Ali has a new watch and a wallet.

Complex

Ali who is my classmate has a new watch and also an expensive

wallet.

1. Suzy big box cupboard

2. my father policeman mother artist

______________________________________________________________

3. mechanic repaired broke down car

4. grandmother teacher small town

5. poor family lives old wooden house

38

6. many children classes reading books

7. cats mice kitchen

8. Zarina necklace ring

9. victims community hall six days

10. chairs desks classroom

39

CONJUNCTIONS
DEFINITION : A conjunction is a linking word. We use conjunctions to join words,
phrases and sentences together.
EXAMPLES :
although /
And

but

though /

so

unless

except

therefore

so that

or

even though
because /

If

as

either..........or neither.........nor however

Exercise 1 Underline the conjunctions in each of the sentences below.

1. Faizatul Elisya is cute and clever.
2. Which is the correct one? This or that one?
3. Adib Muqri still wants to join the match although he is tired.
4. You can either use this pen or that pen.
5. He invited all his friends to his house except Johari and Aiman.

Exercise 2 Circle the correct answer.

1. It is a hot day___________ I need an umbrella.
A

so

if

or

and

2. I cant come _____________ I am not well.

A

and

because

but

if

40

3. She has red _______________ blue ribbons in her hair.

A

but

because

and

if

4. Animals ______________ plants are living things.

A

or

if

but

5. Is your cat black ______________ white?

A

if

or

so

and

6. Choose one of the two. You can _______________ take this one
______________ that one.
A

either, or

either, nor

neither, nor

neither, or

7. It is very warm in here. _______________ I do not need to wear my coat.

A

But

Therefore

And

Although

8. _______________ the boys were tired, they continued to climb up the mountain.
A

So

Although

But

Therefore

9. ___________ Jenny __________ Yoke Chen wants to mop the floor. They both
dislike housework.
A

Either, nor

Either, or

Neither, nor

Neither, or

10. My grandfather eats a lot _________ he is still thin.

A

or

but

if

and

41

11. He continued sleeping ____________ he heard the door bell ringing.

A

but

because

and

although

12. _______________Farah was tired , she still helped her mother.

A

Besides

Therefore

Although

Furthermore

13. It had been raining heavily _____________ the village was flooded.
A

so

because

but

although

14. You must finish your work ______________ you cannot watch television.
A

of

but

or

because

15. I would like to buy that watch________________ it is expensive.

A

if

because

so

although

16. The children continued to play ______________ it was raining heavily.

A

whether

although

because

therefore

17. Deraman is kind , ________________ everyone asks him for help.

A

if

because

so

although

42

18. Sarah waited for her friends __________________ they did not turn up.
A

so

because

if

however

19. The strawberries are fresh ________________ juicy.

A

but

however

and

although

20. I walk to school ________________ I live nearby.

A

or

but

as

therefore

21. _____ he won the case, he has to pay RM 5000 for lawyer fees. _____ he didnt
have enough savings.
A

Because, But

Although, Because

As, Although

Although, But

22. Elly loves baking cakes _____ she plans to open her own bakery ______ she did
not have enough money.
A

and, although

and, but

but, so

because, and

23. The baby is crying loudly _______ the mother is sick ______ she does not feed
her.
A

because, but

as, so

because, or

as, but

43

24. Syakila likes to advice pupils ______ she is a prefect. She always reminds them
_____ they ignore her.
i

so

ii

as

iii

but

iv

and

i and ii

ii and iv

ii and iii

iii and iv

25. Rifqi is having a nap ______ dont disturb him ______ he was working hard all
day long.
i

and

ii

but

iii

so

iv

as

i and ii

ii and iv

i and iii

iii and iv

Excercise 3 - Fill in the blanks with correct conjunctions.

1. The boys enjoyed the match ________________ the girls did not.
2. We were thirsty ____________ we bought some drinks.
3. ____________ Najim ____________ Hwa Tai was in the room now.
4. Plants are important ____________ they give us oxygen.
5. We could continue with our expedition _____________ most of us were
exhausted.
44

6. Those wild animals are dangerous ___________ nobody is allowed to feed them.
7. Tony had nasi lemak ____________ a glass of syrup for lunch.
8. You can have _________ coffee __________ tea. You cannot have both.
9. _____________ Im rich, I can sponsor you some money.
10. Shida, which one do you like, cakes ____________ biscuits?
11. Everybody brought their textbook __________ Shila. She left hers at home.
12. He will probably fail his Science test next week __________ he starts studying
right now.
13. Anisahs mother prepared a lot of sandwiches for her ________ she wont be
hungry during the journey.
14. The players tried their best. __________ they still lost the game.

45

Exercise 4 Construct sentences.

1. Syakirah Syakila canteen (and)
_________________________________________________________________
2. Ghani thin brother fat (but)
_________________________________________________________________
3. rains children football (although)
_________________________________________________________________
4. study hard good marks (so)
_________________________________________________________________
5. win competition get RM100 (if)
_________________________________________________________________
6. Azlan absent sick (because)
_________________________________________________________________
7. Rama boating camping (either or)
_________________________________________________________________
8. Suzana sister won game (neither nor)
_________________________________________________________________
9. pupils late scolded teachers (therefore)
_________________________________________________________________
10. she take taxi bus town (or)
_________________________________________________________________

46

NOUNS
Nouns are words which name persons, animals, places, objects and ideas.
A person

Zain is a teacher.
They walk to school yesterday.

An animal

The lion came after them.

The giraffe is a tall animal.

A place

Malaysia is a beautiful country.

Ill meet you at the canteen afterwards.

An object

I found a pen under my table.

Please pass me the book.

An idea

He gave us a good advice.

My patience was tested during the heavy traffic jam.

Nouns
Common

Proper

Possessive

Collective

Singular

Upper

s, s and

and

and

of the

plural

lower
cases

People,
animals,
things and
plants.

Countable
and
uncountable

Gender

47

Abstract

Compound
words

SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS

i

Nouns that stand for one person, thing, animal or place are called singular nouns.

ii

Nouns that stand for more than one person, thing, animal or place are called
plural nouns.

Examples :

iii

Singular

Plural

eraser

erasers

bus

buses

mango

mangoes

fly

flies

Plural nouns are formed by :

Singular

Add s

Plural

book

Books

tree

trees

dog

dogs

van

vans

Add es to nouns ending

brush

brushes

in s , ss , sh , ch ,

fox

foxes

glass

glasses

bush

bushes

watch

watches

Add es to some nouns

hero

heroes

ending in o

mango

mangoes

volcano

volcanoes

Add s to nouns ending

radio

Radios

in o

photo

photos

48

Add ies to nouns ending

fly

Flies

in y

lady

ladies

lorry

lorries

Add s to some nouns

key

keys

ending in y

boy

boys

day

days

Add s to some nouns

roof

Roofs

ending in f or fe

chief

chiefs

Add e or en

alga

Algae

child

children

larva

larvae

ox

oxen

Change f or fe into

leaf

Leaves

ves

wife

wives

knife

knives

man

Men

foot

feet

tooth

teeth

goose

geese

Some nouns use the same

sheep

Sheep

word for both singular and

furniture

furniture

plural

information

information

traffic

traffic

Changing the inside vowels

49

Some nouns can only be used in the plural form

shorts , clothes , scissors , Mathematics , spectacles , news , wages

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

i

Nouns which can be counted are called countable nouns.

Examples :
Men, elephants, marbles and bridges can be counted

ii

Nouns which cannot be counted are called uncountable nouns

Examples :
Rice, flour, milk and sand cannot be counted

iii

Words which are used with countable nouns are :

( a, an, a few, many, several, a large number of, a small number of )

Examples :
a ball

several kids

an aeroplane

a large number of trees

a few people

a small number of participants

many tables

iv

Words which are used with uncountable nouns are :

( a little, much, a large amount of, a small amount of )

Examples :
a little dust

a large amount of flour

much sugar

a small amount of milk

50

Words which can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns are :
( some, any, plenty of, a lot of )

Examples :
Countable Nouns

Uncountable Nouns

some apples

some soil

any chairs

any electricity

plenty of books

plenty of oil

a lot of people

a lot of smoke

GENDER OF NOUNS
i

Gender is a distinction of sex.

ii

It tells whether a person or an animal is a male or female.

iii

Gender in grammar comes under four headings.

1. Masculine gender

2. Feminine gender

Denotes the male sex.

Denotes the female sex.

Examples : boy, king, ram,

Examples : girl, queen, ewe,

buck, billy goat

doe, nanny goat

Gender
of
3. Common gender

nouns

4. Neuter gender
Denotes things without life

Denotes either sex.

or sex.
Examples : doctor, teacher,
Examples : tree, chair, lamp
firefighter,

51

PROPER NOUNS
i

Proper Nouns are specific names of people, places, things or animals.

ii

They must be in capitalized.

Examples :
People Razak
Place

- Kuala Kangsar

Thing - Proton Satria

Animal - Browny ( cat )

POSSESSIVE NOUNS
i

A noun that shows possession is called a possessive noun.

The cover of the pan.
The noun pan is non living. The words of the are used with such nouns to
show possession.

ii

Possessive nouns can be formed in the following ways :

a. Adding an apostrophe s ( s ) to singular and plural nouns which do not end
in s.

Examples :
boys

childrens

Jennys

The boys watch is expensive.

These are the childrens shoes.
This is Jennys ring.
It is the monkeys tail.
I shall meet her in an hours time.
Next weeks appointment has been cancelled.

52

monkeys

b. Adding an apostrophe ( ) to plural nouns which end in s.

Examples :
tigers

girls

Tigers teeth are very sharp.

The girls dresses are soiled.

c. Using of the with things that are non living.

Examples :
The tyres of the car are punctured.
A leg of the table is broken.

COLLECTIVE NOUNS
i They are nouns which refer to collections or groups of persons, things or animals.
Examples :
Animals :

Objects :
a pride of lions

a string of pearls

a pack of wolves

a collection of pictures

a shoal of fish

a group of islands

People :

Plants :
a troupe of dancers

a clump of trees

a field of runners

a tuft of grass

a bevy of ladies

a cluster of coconuts

53

ABSTRACT NOUNS
i Abstract nouns are names of things we cannot see or touch ( quantities, conditions,
actions and ideas. )
Examples :
Angry

laughter

Hunger

bravery

punishment

love

kindness

joy

knowledge

fear

* I got really angry with her.

* As we approached the hall we could hear laughter.
* They were awarded medals for their remarkable bravery.
* The owner claims the car was being used without his knowledge.

COMPOUND WORDS
i Two words of different meaning when combine together to form a new word with new
meaning.
Examples :
sun

flower

sunflower

neck

tie

necktie

class

room

classroom

teapot

sunlight

grandfather

blackboard

Exercise 1 Underline the nouns from each of the sentences below.

1. Miss Auni teaches her friend how to draw a flower.
2. The ideas and opinions came when he was sitting lonely in the room.
3. Some frogs are toxious but others are not.
4. Sabirin eats a banana and a loaf of bread as his breakfast.
5. Fadela and Iszah will take part in the Pekan District Scouts Camping next week.
54

Exercise 2 Circle the correct answer.

1. Mother arranged the flowers in the _____________ and put it on the table.
A

basin

vase

sink

pail

2. The gardener is cutting the long grass along the fence with a ____________.
A

pliers

rake

spade

sickle

3. A ____________ is used to tighten up nuts and screws.

A

spanner

spike

stapler

string

4. I use a ____________ when I go out in the dark at night.

A

lighthouse

radio

torchlight

knapsack

5. The scouts put their food and clothes in their ______________ and carry them on
their backs.
A

luggage

knapsacks

tents

bags

6. Before he goes jogging, Fahim puts on a pair of _________________.

A

spectacles

sneakers

gloves

earrings

55

7. Please switch on the _____________. It is warm inside the room.

A

fan

light

radio

phone

8. Siti pounded the chillies with _____________ before frying them.

A

stones

blender

pestle and mortar

needles

9. The firemen joined the hose to the ___________ to get water to put out the fire.
A

tap

kettle

hydrant

sink

10. The ____________ is the hard part of the foot of certain animals like cows.
A

heel

claw

hoof

horn

11. The boy wears a watch on his _____________.

A

palm

finger

wrist

elbow

12. Mother needs some ____________to sew the button.

A

wire

string

rope

thread

13. There are fourteen days in a ____________.

A

week

century

decade

fortnight

56

14. When father comes home from work, he parks his car in the ____________
A

garage

station

hangar

terminal

15. Please get me a ______________ to hit the nail into the wood.
A

saw

spanner

sickle

hammer

16. Puan Hamidah is my fathers mother. She is my _________________.

A

aunt

cousin

niece

grandmother

17. A pair of _____________ is a wooden footwear.

A

clogs

shoes

boots

slippers

18. Mother is cooking curry in a big pot, she will need a _____________ to stir it.
A

ladle

sieve

knife

spoon

19. The sparrow laid five eggs in its ___________.

A

den

stable

nest

kennel

20. The doctor treats his ____________ gently.

A

client

patient

tenant

passenger

57

21. Suhaimi misplaced the living place between his horse and his sheep where he
put his horse into the _____ and his sheep into the _______.
A

stable, hutch

pen, hutch

stable, pen

pen, stable

22. Hakim studies at a boarding school in town. He left the _______ about an hour
ago with his roommates. Maybe they are at the ____ right now.
A

library, hotel

staffroom, cinema

classroom, hostel

canteen, orphanage

23. Nurul Husainah is a good _______ player. She cannot play _______ as she is
not tall enough.
A

basketball, netball

handball, chess

handball, basketball

netball, football

24. The headmaster hopes all ______ and _____ can speak English fluently either in
learning process or when they speak among themselves outside the classroom.
i

pupils

ii

waiters

iii

teachers

iv

guards

i and iii

ii and iii

i and iv

ii and iv

58

25. The headmaster hopes all _________ and _________ can speak English fluently
either in learning process or when they speak among themselves outside the
classroom.
i

pupils

ii

waiters

iii

teachers

iv

guards

i and iii

i and iv

ii and iii

ii and iv

59

Exercise 3 - Look at the map carefully. Describe your camping trip to your friends.
Underline the correct nouns to complete your description.
Rewrite the story.

On the 25th of March, I went on a camping ( journey / trip / walks ) with my

( team / classmates / cat ). We left our ( house / schools / school ) at 8 a.m. and walk
through a ( parks / forest / jungle ).
At 10.15 a.m., we reached ( Pak Tams Orchard / Mek Longs Nursery / the
orchards ). We met ( Pak Tam / Pak Tams / Pak Tams ). We ate some ( fruit / fruits /
foods ) and rested.
Then, we continued our journey. We reached a ( waterfalls / cave / waterfall ) at
11.30 a.m. We swam for about an hour. We camped there and cooked ( sardines /
woods / fruits ) for lunch.
After lunch, we rested and played some ( game / games / firewood ). The next
day, we packed our ( house / thing / things ) and started our journey back at 9 a.m. We
walked through a ( oil palm estates / paddy fields / rubber estate ) and reached our
( home / school / schools ) about 11.40 a.m.
60

A Camping Trip

61

Exercise 4 Write the plural of the words in the brackets in the blanks provided.

1. They saw a herd of wild __________ (ox) at the safari.

2. The hunters killed a few __________ (deer) and __________ (porcupine) during
the hunt.

3. Several __________ (man) and __________ (woman) were hurt in the incident.

4. A pack of __________ (wolf) attacked a flock of ___________ (sheep) in the

farm.

5. The wealthy businessman has five __________ (factory) and hundreds of

__________ (lorry) all around Malaysia.

6. Mother peels some __________ (potato) and cuts a few __________ (tomato) for
her soup.

7. A troop of __________ (policeman) surrounded and arrested a gang of

_________ (thief).

8. Razak donated all his ________ (toy) to the _________ (child) of the orphanage.

9. Aliza never forgets to brush her __________ (tooth) before going to bed.

10. There are too many ___________ (mouse) in the house and they are eating all
the __________ (grain) in the larder.

62

Exercise 5 Fill in the blanks with the words in the box.

hunger

Illness

freedom

kindness

kingdom

sickness

advice

marriage

In the castle, there lived a king and a queen. They were happy to have a beautiful
princess. Their happiness did not last long. The princess felt sick. Her ____________
could not be cured. His Prime Minister advised him to bring the princess to a jungle. The
king followed his ____________.
In the jungle they met with a hungry wolf. It was weak with ____________.
The princess gave the wolf some food and kiss it on its head. The wolf was actually a
prince. Immediately he was free from his spell. He gained his ____________ and repaid
the princess ____________ by curing her because of her ____________. They then got
married and lived happily ever after. The bad witch was very angry with their
____________ and ran away to another ____________.

63

PREPOSITIONS
Definition: They are usually used before nouns or pronouns. They show position,
direction and time.
Place

Direction

location

above

down

across

about

after

far

along

after

against

in

around

ahead (of)

along

in front of

below

around

among

inside

by

at

at

near

down

before

at the back of

next to

for

behind

before

on

from

between

behind

opposite

into

by

below

outside

off

during

beneath

over

onto

for

beside

past

out of

from

between

under

over

in

beyond

underneath

past

on

by

up

through

over

to

past

towards

since

up

to
until
up to
when

64

Example :
1. I went to her house on Friday.
2. My brother has come home from school.
3. Your uncle walks to the post office.
4. Kamal and Taufiq share their money among themselves.
5. The monkeys are climbing up the tree.

Exercise 1 Underline the prepositions in each of the following sentences.

1. Yesterday, he saw a large number of spectators at the football match.
2. The headmaster arrived two hours before his teachers.
3. The children raced across the football field.
4. The quick brown fox jumps over the fence.
5. The small wooden hut is among the big trees.
Exercise 2 Circle the correct answer.

1. The horse is eating __________ its stable.

A

in

under

on

along

2. The boys decided to go fishing _________ the river.

A

on

beside

by

around

3. The group of athletes marched _____________ the stadium.

A

into

over

onto

away

65

4. Lilys house is ______________ Jamals house.

A

along

around

among

in front of

5. Marianti could not find the umbrella because it was _____________ the door.
A

under

behind

across

between

6. The dog jumps ____________ the fence.

A

on

over

into

behind

7. Daniel received a present ____________ his parents.

A

at

with

by

from

8. The teachers are meeting ____________ the staff room.

A

at

above

in

against

9. Alias is travelling _________ plane from Kuala Lumpur to Johor Bharu.

A

on

by

in

with

10. Wan Azli goes jogging __________ the morning.

A

in

on

at

during

66

11. The train is going _____________ the tunnel.

A

to

in

through

between

12. He stood ____________ the post box and waited for the postman.
A

in

under

by

across

13. I have to keep some of my things ____________ my bed.

A

over

above

into

under

14. Do not leave the light ____________ when you leave the room.
A

in

on

at

off

15. My brother returned ______________ Kaherah after a year.

A

up

back

from

towards

16. The butterfly fluttered _________________ a flower ____________ a flower.

A

at, on

to, from

from, to

over, across

17. The motorcyclist took shelter _____________ a bridge to wait for the rain to stop.
A

in

under

on

across

67

18. The bat is hanging upside down _____________ the branch of the tree.
A

to

from

at

under

19. I could not see the experiment because the taller pupils were
standing___________ me.
A

next to

at the back

between

in front of

20. He could surf many websites ____________ the world.

A

of

off

in

around

21. The handbag is made ________ the skin _______a crocodile.

A

by, from

of, in

from, of

after, by

22. My father promised me _____buy a new bicycle _______my examination.

A

in, after

to, after

on, along

before, on

23. You may catch a fever if you go_______to play ________rainy session.
A

out, since

before, until

in, by

out, during

68

24. Ali and his classmates went ______the exhibition _______tuition class.
i

near

ii

to

iii

with

iv

after

i and ii

ii and iv

i and iii

iii and iv

25. Siti is searching ______ her bag. Please look _______ the door.
i

for

ii

below

iii

at

iv

behind

i and iv

iii and iv

ii and iii

i and iv

69

Exercise 3 Fill in the blanks with suitable answers.

on

since

for

over

under

in

with

through

along

during

1. Fazleen bought the pen ___________ RM 2.50.

2. There is a bird flying ____________ the shady tree.

3. We saw a light ____________ a distance.

4. I went to the carnival ____________ my cousins.

5. The train travels ______________ the tunnel.

6. Stick the stamp _____________ the envelop.

7. If you walk ____________ this road, you will reach the market.

8. The labourer has been working ____________ 8 oclock in the morning.

9. The little boy is playing hide and seek. He is lying __________ the bed.

10. The fisherman did not go to the sea __________ the monsoon.

70

Exercise 4 Construct sentences.

Examples :
Type of Sentences Examples
Simple

Siti was sitting on the chair.

Compound

Siti was sitting on a chair near the wall.

Complex

Siti was sitting on a wooden chair near the brick wall.

1. Syafiq and I sit bench (on)

2. Roslina stopped florist buy flowers (by)

3.

theif climbed window ( through)

4.

keep books cupboard (in)

5. Hazlin put - ladder wall (against)

6.

Mustaqeem jumped drain (across)

7. My grandfather walks park evening (around)

71

8.

Lily wore blue dress went wedding (to)

9.

bus arrived terminal 6 oclock (at)

10. boy fell tree broke arm (from)

72

PRONOUNS
Table of Pronouns
Personal

Personal

Possessive Possessive

Reflexive

Demonstrative

Pronouns

Pronouns

Adjectives

Pronouns

Pronouns

Pronouns

(Subject)

(Object)

Me

My

Mine

Myself

This (singular)

You

You

Your

Yours

Yourself

These (plural)

Yourselves
He

Him

His

His

Himself

That (singular)

She

Her

Her

Hers

Herself

Those (plural)

It

It

Its

Itself

We

Us

Our

Ours

Ourselves

They

Them

Their

Theirs

Themselves

Definition:
Personal Pronouns
-

A Personal Pronoun is used to replace the names of people, animals, plants or

objects.

They are used as subjects or objects.

Personal Pronouns (Subject) are normally located at the beginning of the

sentences while Personal Pronouns (Object) are normally located after verbs and
prepositions.

Examples :

We (subject) invited him (object) to the party.

They (subject) asked them (object) to practise hard.

73

Possessive Pronouns
-

Possessive Pronouns show belonging. They replace possessive noun

phrases.

They are normally located at the beginning or at the end of the sentences.
Examples: This book belongs to me. It is mine.
Those shoes are theirs.
Hers is dirtier than mine.

Possessive Adjectives.
-

Possessive Adjectives are used to show possession. They must be followed by

nouns.

Examples: That is her doll.

This is his pen.

Reflexive Pronouns
-

Reflexive Pronouns are used to show that action is done by the doer (subject) on
himself / herself.

Examples: I fell down and hurt myself.

We did the work by ourselves.

Demonstrative Pronouns
-

Demonstrative Pronouns are used to point out things.

Examples: This is a beaver.

Those are my spectacles.

74

Exercise 1 - Underline the pronouns in the following sentences

1.

Lee Chong Wai is a boy. He is in the class.

2.

We know them very well.

3.

They stayed with us last month.

4.

They have a cat. It is called Comot.

5.

Do you like the roses? They are from my garden.

Exercise 2 Circle the correct answer.

1. My brother and I share a bicycle. It is ________.
A

his

ours

hers

theirs

2. The book was _______. He promised to lend it to me.

A

her

our

his

their

3. Look at the toy horse. It belongs to Sandy. It is ______.

A

his

mine

hers

your

4. That bag is ______. I bought it in Hong Kong.

A

hers

yours

mine

theirs

75

5. My sister did not take the dress. It was not ________.

A

his

ours

hers

mine

6. These are their shoes. They are _______.

A

his

mine

hers

theirs

7. I made __________________ a kite.

A

herself

himself

myself

yourself

8. The skirt ____________ looked nice but it was too loose for her.
A

it

its

its

itself

9. My parents are going to Lembah Bujang next week. ________ are visiting my
aunt there.
A

We

They

You

Them

10. Athirah reminded Faris to bring the dictionary but _______ still forgot to do so.
A

he

her

she

they

76

11. Jane : Could _____________ have the bottle of perfume?

Tim

: Please help __________.

I, himself

I, yourself

you, herself

she , myself

12. Salmah bought a book, a pen and a pencil case because ____________ were
cheap.
A

it

she

we

they

13. I broke my aunts vase. ____________ is still angry with __________ .

A

She, I

She, me

He, my

She, mine

14. The teacher told ____________ to sit down.

A

they

their

them

theirs

15. Salleh hurt ______________ when he fell from the bed.

A

itself

himself

myself

yourself

16. Jamal and Farah are helping Suzy to find the purse which belongs
to_________________.
A

she

hers

her

herself

77

17. My father bought _____________ a new watch.

A

herself

himself

myself

yourself

18. Miss Lee: Class, you must do the homework _____________.

A

myself

ourselves

yourself

yourselves

19. The girls baked the muffins ___________ for the class party.
A

myself

himself

herself

themselves

20. Mazlin borrowed ____________ pencil because she had lost __________.
A

his , its

my , hers

her , his

my , mine

21. Siti is a pretty girl. ____ is twelve years old. _____ like her.
A

Her , Us

She, We

He , They

She, Them

22. The teacher is good. ____ teaches _____ pupils well.

A

Her , she

They, his

He, him

She , her

23. Zainal is _____ friend. I like _____.

A

she , his

their, him

my, him

our, them

78

24. Puan Fatimah is ___ neighbour. She has a beautiful handbag. The handbag is
_____.
i

it

ii

my

iii

their

iv

hers

i and ii

iii and iv

ii and iv

i and iii

25. Mr. Maniam is a gardener. _____cuts the grass every weekend. ____garden is
beautiful.
i

He

ii

She

iii

His

iv

Hers

i and iii

i and ii

ii and iii

iii and iv

79

Exercise 3 Fill in the blanks with words given.

I

1.

You

He

She

It

They

We

Mrs. Leong is going to the market. _______ wants to buy some vegetables.

2. The children are not at home. _______ went to the playground.

3. Jamil and I are classmates. _______ walk to school together.

4. " ________ am going camping next week," Mina tells her friend, Azrina.

5. The dog is in the kennel. _______ is sleeping. Slee

6. " I dropped by your house yesterday. _______ were not in," said Leela.

7. Kamal stopped at the food stall. _________ ordered a glass of drink.

80

Exercise 4 Rewrite the sentences with the correct pronouns.

1. Uncle Lim is a lawyer.

2. My mother cooks curry in the kitchen.

3. My family and I are going for a picnic next week.

4. Tan and Peter play congkak under the big shady tree.

5. The cat sleeps in the basket in front of the cupboard.

6. The girls dance gracefully on the stage.

7. The children are playing football at the playground.

8. An old man is crossing the road with his grandson.

9.

My aunt is sleeping in the room near the window.

10. My friend and I are swimming in the river behind our house.

81

SYNONYMS
Definition: A synonym is a word which has the same meaning as another.
Examples :
Catch

capture

Animal

beast

Big

large

Correct

right

Close

shut

Conversation

talk

Bright

shining

Blank

empty

Old

ancient

Thief

burglar

Exercise 1 - Underline the synmoyns for the bold words.

1. During interval we have to eat quickly because after recess there will be an assembly
in the school hall.
2. The battle has stopped. The soldiers fought bravely in the war.
3. The game has not began. The game had started at 4.30 p.m just now.
4. Would you like to participate in the competition? Alyah is going to take part in the
competition.
5. Aminah has finished her work but Hasnah could not complete her work on time
because she talks too much.

82

Exercise 2 Choose the word that has the same meaning as the word in bold.
1. The country was ruled by a powerful king.
A

weak

strong

cruel

stubborn

2. The soldiers fought bravely in the war.

A

event

match

battle

tournament

3. There is a boat under the bridge.

A

below

beneath

beside

between

4. The old beggar is very weak.

A

poor

feeble

tired

strong

5. The boy is always lazy.

A

idle

impolite

super

hardworking

6. It is a rather dull day.

A

hot

cloudy

rainy

gloomy

7. We must study hard for the examination.

A

learn

remember

discussion

memorized

83

8. The scouts camped at the foot of the hill.

A

top

below

side

bottom

9. My brother is lean and tall.

A

thin

plump

high

muscular

10. Faris seldom comes here.

A

never

always

rarely

usually

11. As it was about the rain, Jenny quickly shut all the windows.
A

wiped

opened

closed

wrapped

12. Enid Blyton is a well-known author.

A

helpful

unknown

famous

hardworking

13. He donated a large sum of money to the orphanage because he is rich.

A

stingy

wealthy

popular

thoughtful

14. He is a very intelligent pupil because he passed his test with flying colours.
A

good

diligent

clever

hardworking

84

15. This is a library. Please be silent.

A

still

noisy

quiet

patient

16. Hari Raya is always a joyful occasion for us.

A

big

happy

noisy

traditional

17. Ainina study diligently every night.

A

fast

regularly

hard

carefully

18. Syaza is not feeling well. What she requires is plenty of rest.
A

feels

needs

likes

wishes

19. My parents and I usually take a brisk walk round the park.
A

short

quick

tiring

relaxed

20. The choir of singers rehearsed hard for the show.

A

played

practised

pushed

breathed

21. As a __________ prefect, you are the __________ example for other pupils.
A

good / best

good / handsome

better / best

clever / intelligent

85

22. I am waiting for your __________. Please __________ to me as soon as

possible, said Mister Ranjit angrily.
A

answer / question

call / reply

answer / reply

speech / talk

23. Before we __________ the journey, please __________ your engine.

A

begin / pull

begin / start

on / start

big / large

24. In order to be a __________ pupil, I must be __________ to manage my life.

i

loving

ii

clever

iii

kind

iv

intelligent

i and iii

i and iv

ii and iii

ii and iv

25. To be a dedicated __________, the person must be very knowledgeable and wise
just like a __________.
i

judge

ii

teacher

iii

referee

iv

pupil

i and iii

ii and iii

i and iv

ii and iv

86

Exercise 3 Replace the word in the bracket with the same meaning.
1. Faris is a ______________________ boy. ( intelligent )

2. The elephant is ___________________. ( huge )

3. The road is _________________ . ( broad )

4. The room is ___________________. ( empty )

5. Suzana _____________________ the door. ( close )

6. The soldier ____________________ the country. ( guard )

7. The _________________ lives in the castle. ( emperor )

8. The ____________________crept into the room quietly. ( burglar )

9. The questions were _________________ for the students. ( difficult )

10. My sister is ______________________. ( pretty )

87

WH QUESTIONS
Definition:

Question words are words that begin questions. They are what, when,

how, whose, whom, who, where, why and which.

WH Questions
What is used to ask about
things, people and ideas.

Example
- What did you buy at the stall? I bought a candy.
- What is your father? He is a policeman.
- What do you think about the game? It is interesting.

When is used to ask about time.

- When were you born? I was born in 1989.

How is used to ask about

- How did you come here? I came by car.

people, event, amount, number

- How much is this cake? It is RM10 a piece.

and the way things are done.

Whose is used to ask about

- Whose pencil is this? It is mine.

possession of things.
Whom is used to ask about
people ( as object of verbs).

Who is used to ask about

- Whom did you talk to just now? I talked

to my wife just now.
- Who took my bag? Fitri took it.

people (as subjects)

Where is used to ask about

- Where are you now? Im at the office.

places.
Why is used to ask about
reason or purpose.

- Why is the dog barking? It saw something

in the bushes.

88

Which is used to ask about

people, animals and things but

- Which one is your son? The boy with a

red cap.

of a limited choice.

Exercise 1 Underline the WH-Questions in each of the following sentences.

1. Which one of you boys won the chess tournament last week?
2. Where do you find this beautiful shirt?
3. What are the ingredients in this delicious cake?
4. How much money do you want for this painting of yours?
5. You are always early to school. What time do you wake up every morning?

Exercise 2 Circle the correct answer.

1. ____________ is that man? He is my headmaster.
A

Who

Where

What

Whom

2. _______________ did you put the book? I put it in my bag.

A

Who

Where

What

Whom

3. _______________ told you the news?

A Who

C Where

B What

D Whom

89

4. _______________ one of these books do you want to buy?

A

Who

C Which

B When

D Whom

5. ______________ colour is your car?

A Who

C Where

B What

D Whom

6. _______________ computer is this?

A Who

C Which

B Whose

D Whom

7. Anas
Jamal

: _______________ did you meet yesterday?

: I met my former teacher.

A Why

C Where

B What

D Whom

8. Othman :___________ does she usually go to school?

Liza

: She goes there at 7 a.m.

A Why

C When

B What

D Whom

9. Teacher :_______________ is your father?

Pupil

: He is fine now.

A How

C Where

B Why

D Whom

90

10. _______________ is the lady crying?

A Why

C Which

B How

D Whom

11. _____________ did you give the umbrella to?

A Where

C Whom

B Whose

D Which

12. ____________ are the gifts we kept for the children?

A How

C When

B Why

D Where

13. ____________ have you been doing all day?

A What

C How

B Where

D When

14. ____________ dress are you wearing to Ayus birthday party?

A Who

C Which

B What

D Whom

15. ______________ told you the news of the robbery?

A Who

C When

B What

D Which

16. _________________ is the boy waving to you?

A Why

C When

B How

D What
91

17. _____________ will the school holidays begin?

A How

C When

B Which

D Where

18. _____________ pen is that on the table?.

A Whose

C Who

B Which

D Whom

19. ___________ far is it from here to the hospital?.

A How

C Where

B When

D Which

20. ____________ often do you go exercising?.

A Which

C What

B Where

D How

21. Halimah has a cousin. __________ one of those boys is her cousin?
A Who

C Whom

B Which

D Where

22. This is a branded handbag. __________ did you buy it?

A Who

C How

B Why

D Where

23. You said that you have an extra class to attend. On __________ time is it?
A

why

which

what

where

92

24. Rohayu
Siva

25.

: I couldnt find my book. __________ did you put it Siva?

: I put it on your table just now. _________ one is your table?

Why

ii

What

iii

Which

iv

Where

i and ii

iii and i

ii and iv

iv and iii

Nadia : __________ do you come here. _____________ are you?

Chua : I am a policeman and I come here to ask you a few questions.
i

Why

ii

Who

iii

What

iv

When

i and ii

iii and iv

ii and iii

iv and i

93

Exercise 3 Fill in the blanks with suitable answers.

What

Who

When

Why

How

Which

Whom

Where

Whose

Whom

1. _____________________ old is your father?

2. _____________________ will the train leave?

3. _____________________ are you so angry?

4. _____________________ have you been?

5. _____________________ shoes are these?

6. _____________________ shall I give the paper to?

7. _____________________ is your pets name?

8. _____________________ motorcycle did you ride just now?

9. _____________________ is that girl running towards Ahmad?

10. _____________________ were you singing the lovely song to?

94

MODALS
Definition: Modals are used to express functions of verbs.
must

may

could

should

will

have to

might

can

shall

would

Exercise 1 Underline the modals in each of the following sentences.

1. Please teacher, may I go out?

2. Could you pass me the ketchup, please?

3. This might get us into problem, said Zaki trembling.

4. We shall go into the forest together to find the missing boy.

5. If you want to get A in your examination you have to do lots of exercises, said
Puan Murni to her pupils.

95

Exercise 2 Circle the correct answer.

1. It is raining, so it _______________ be cold outside.
A

will

ought

can

must be

2. He ______________ run 50 kilometres in a single day.

A

can

shall

may

have to

3. You _______________ stop smoking. It is not good for your health.

A

will

might

can

should

4. ________________ I have a piece of that cake please?

A

Must

Could

Shall

Would

5. You _______________ use this book as a guideline. It only has a few important
things in it.
A

may

should

must

have to

6. You_______________ b

e early for tomorrows practice. Please be punctual,

said the coach to the team.

A

can

may

will

must

96

7. Ostriches _______________ fly but they __________ run very fast.

A

cannot , can

mustnt , must

may not , may

shouldnt , should

8. We ___________ respect our elders and __________ be rude to them.

A

cannot , can

shouldnt , should

can , cannot

should , shouldnt

9. Anisah _______________ cook very well because she goes to cooking classes.
A

should

will

may

can

10. I _______________ not have the time to play badminton with you today as I am
busy, said Ramesh to Kim Seng.
A

can

might

must

should

11. Teacher
Ramlan

: Ramlan, you ____________ not be late for school.

: Yes, I know teacher. Im sorry.

should

will

could

do

12. My brother _______________ read and write when he was four years old.
A

should

shall

could

can

97

13. Farah : Siti , _______________ I borrow your mobile phone, please?

Siti

: Yes, of course. Here you are.

should

may

could

will

14. Children ____________ listen to their parents.

A

can

could

may

should

15. You __________ read the instructions carefully before using the fire extinguisher.
A

will

may

can

must

16. The rose _______________ grow bigger if we put enough fertilizer to it.
A

will

must

shall

have to

17. _______________ you mind to wash that dirty plate after using it, please?
A

Might

Would

Could

Should

18. The water level is increasing. We _____________ move to the higher ground. It is
safer there.
A

can

shall

may

might

98

19. The egg _______________ explode if I put it too close to the fire, said the
scout.
A

shall

should

might

ought to

20. The doctor _______________ treat his patient well.

A

will

could

may

ought to

21. We _______________ keep our toys in this big box after we have finished playing
with them, otherwise our mother _______________ be angry at us.
A

shall, must

ought to, will

must, may

should, could

22. The rabbit is starving. We _______________ feed it with some food or it

________________ die of starvation.
A

can, will

have to, may

shall, might

ought to, shall

23. When you put the bait on the fishing hook, you _______________ be careful or
you _______________ hurt yourself.
A

must, will

must not, could

may, shall

have to, should

99

24. If you want to take beautiful pictures of the butterflies, you _______________
stand still or the butterflies _______________ flutter away.
i

will

ii

shall

iii

would

iv

should

i and ii

iii and iv

ii and iii

iv and i

25. We missed our grandparents. _______________ we visit them this weekend?

They might miss us too.
i

Shall

ii

Could

iii

Might

iv

Ought to

i and ii

ii and iii

iii and iv

iv and i

100

Exercise 3 Fill in the blanks with suitable answers.

must

May

Could

should

Will

have to

might

Can

shall

Would

1. ______________ you like to have a drink with us? said the man.

2. The cat ______________ be kept in the cage, otherwise it will eat all the birds.

3.

_______________help you to carry this heavy box said Arshad to his mother.

4. I _______________ settle this electric bill earlier. Now I have to work in the dark.

5. We _______________ carry this boat together to the river.

6. You _______________ use my bicycle to go to the park if you want to.

7. This orange juice is sour. You _______________ put some more sugar in it.

8. It ______________ rain this morning. We should bring our umbrellas.

9. _______________ you fetch my son on your way back from work?

10. If you ______________ swim for thirty minutes, Im sure you will win the swimming
event.

101

Exercise 3 Fill in the blanks with suitable answers.

must

May

Could

should

Will

have to

might

Can

shall

Would

1. ______________ you like to have a drink with us? said the man.

2. The cat ______________ be kept in the cage, otherwise it will eat all the birds.

3.

_______________help you to carry this heavy box said Arshad to his mother.

4. I _______________ settle this electric bill earlier. Now I have to work in the dark.

5. We _______________ carry this boat together to the river.

6. You _______________ use my bicycle to go to the park if you want to.

7. This orange juice is sour. You _______________ put some more sugar in it.

8. It ______________ rain this morning. We should bring our umbrellas.

9. _______________ you fetch my son on your way back from work?

10. If you ______________ swim for thirty minutes, Im sure you will win the swimming
event.

102

14. Ostriches _______________ fly but they __________ run very fast.
A

cannot , can

mustnt , must

may not , may

shouldnt , should

15. We ___________ respect our elders and __________ be rude to them.

A

cannot , can

shouldnt , should

can , cannot

should , shouldnt

16. Anisah _______________ cook very well because she goes to cooking classes.
A

should

will

may

can

17. I _______________ not have the time to play badminton with you today as I am
busy, said Ramesh to Kim Seng.
A

can

might

must

should

11. Teacher
Ramlan

: Ramlan, you ____________ not be late for school.

: Yes, I know teacher. Im sorry.

should

will

could

do

14. My brother _______________ read and write when he was four years old.
A

should

shall

could

can

103

15. Farah : Siti , _______________ I borrow your mobile phone, please?

Siti

: Yes, of course. Here you are.

should

may

could

will

16. Children ____________ listen to their parents.

A

can

could

may

should

17. You __________ read the instructions carefully before using the fire extinguisher.
A

will

may

can

must

16. The rose _______________ grow bigger if we put enough fertilizer to it.
A

will

must

shall

have to

18. _______________ you mind to wash that dirty plate after using it, please?
A

Might

Would

Could

Should

18. The water level is increasing. We _____________ move to the higher ground. It is
safer there.
A

can

shall

may

might

104

19. The egg _______________ explode if I put it too close to the fire, said the
scout.
A

shall

should

might

ought to

21. The doctor _______________ treat his patient well.

A

will

could

may

ought to

21. We _______________ keep our toys in this big box after we have finished playing
with them, otherwise our mother _______________ be angry at us.
A

shall, must

ought to, will

must, may

should, could

22. The rabbit is starving. We _______________ feed it with some food or it

________________ die of starvation.
A

can, will

have to, may

shall, might

ought to, shall

23. When you put the bait on the fishing hook, you _______________ be careful or
you _______________ hurt yourself.
A

must, will

must not, could

may, shall

have to, should

105

24. If you want to take beautiful pictures of the butterflies, you _______________
stand still or the butterflies _______________ flutter away.
i

will

ii

shall

iii

would

iv

should

i and ii

iii and iv

ii and iii

iv and i

25. We missed our grandparents. _______________ we visit them this weekend?

They might miss us too.
i

Shall

ii

Could

iii

Might

iv

Ought to

i and ii

iii and iv

ii and iii

iv and i

106

Exercise 3 Fill in the blanks with suitable answers.

must

may

could

should

will

have to

might

can

shall

would

1. ______________ you like to have a drink with us? said the man.

2. The cat ______________ be kept in the cage, otherwise it will eat all the birds.

3. _______________ I help you to carry this heavy box said Arshad to his mother.

4. I _______________ settle this electric bill earlier. Now I have to work in the dark.

5. We _______________ carry this boat together to the river.

6. You _______________ use my bicycle to go to the park if you want to.

7. This orange juice is sour. You _______________ put some more sugar in it.

8. It ______________ rain this morning. We should bring our umbrellas.

9. _______________ you fetch my son on your way back from work?

10. If you ______________ swim for thirty minutes, Im sure you will win the
swimming event.
107

PUNCTUATION
Definition: Punctuation marks are important because they help to make a sentence have
a clearer meaning.
Punctuation marks

Full stop

Comma

Notes

Examples

Use the full stop at the end of a

sentence.

* I live in Penang.
* Janet is ten years old.

Use the full stop for abbreviations

(shortened words)

* Feb. (February)
* K.L. (Kuala Lumpur)

Use the comma to separate two

words or a series of words in a
sentence to make the meaning
clearer.

* When I called him, he ran

away.
* Kelly bought a pencil, an
eraser and a ruler.
* I do not know who she is,
what she wants or why she is
crying.

Use the comma to separate parts

of an address.

* My house is at No. 12, Hill

View Road, Kuantan.
* She lives at 60, Jalan
Sentosa, Taman Greenview.

Use the comma to set off a name

or an expression.

* Hello, Im Paul.
* Good morning, Mrs. Lim.
* Krishnan, could you please
close the door?

Question
mark

Use the comma before a

question tag.

* That is Zul, isnt it?

* They are here, arent
they?

Use the question mark at the end

of a direct question.

* Who is that man?

* What is your name?

108

Exclamation
mark

Colon

Use the exclamation mark to

express joy, anger, surprise,
warning and other strong
feelings.

Use the colon to introduce a list

of items.

* Its you!
* Look out!
* Wow! Thats great! You
must be joking.

* We have to choose : to go
for a holiday or to save up
the money.
* The following pupils were
absent yesterday : Roslan,
Lim, Rina and Sue Ling.

Use the semicolon to replace

conjunctions such as and, but
and so.

Semicolon

* She was angry ; she hit me.

(She was angry so she hit
me.)

* I closed all the windows ; I

was still afraid. (I closed all
the windows but I was still
afraid.)

Use the semicolon before words

* It was a difficult job ;
such as however, then, therefore, therefore, he did not want to
moreover, for example and so on. do it.
* There are many types of
problems ; for example,
personal problems and
financial problems.
Use the apostrophe to show
possession.

Apostrophe

* This is Janes car.

* That is somebodys cat.
* These are the pupils
books.

* Use the apostrophe to show the

letters or figures have been
omitted (taken out).
* The boys are not here.
* I am Aini.
* It was the winter of 1969.

* The boys arent here.

( arent = are not, the o in
not is replaced with an
apostrophe.)
Im Aini.
( Im = I am, the a in am is
replaced with an
apostrophe.)
* It was the winter of 69.
( 69 = 1969, the 19 in 1969
is replaced with an
apostrophe.)

109

__
Quotation
marks

Capital

__

* Use quotation marks to show

the exact words spoken by a
speaker.

* May I speak to Susan,

please? asked Lina.
* Jackie said, I am hungry.
* No, said Max.She is not
here.

Use quotation marks to show

titles of books, stories, poems
and others.

* I have read Snow White.

Use the capital letter to begin a

sentence or question.

* Who are you?

Use the capital letter to proper

nouns (special names of people,
animals, places, days, things).

* My cats name is Bobo.

* I met Safee Sali yesterday.
* Today is Tuesday, 6 March.
* When Rusli was in
Langkawi, he visited Makam
Mahsuri.

Use the capital letters for I.

* I am Ismail.

letters

* Ghani watched Star Wars

last night.

* My parents are not at

home.

* My sister and I like to play

netball.

Exercise 1 Underline the punctuations in each of the following sentences.

1. The man is a popular person.
2. These are the girls handbags.
3. Hurry ! The train is leaving now !
4. Do you know where the Petronas Twin Tower is?
5. Syahida, William and Nazlan went to Teluk Intan yesterday.

110

Exercise 2 Choose the sentence with the correct punctuation.

1.

A. These are the girls bags.

B. These are the girls bags.
C. These are the girls bags.
D. These are the girls bags.

2.

A. Did you go to the beach yesterday.

B. did you go to the beach yesterday!
C. Did you go to the beach yesterday?
D. did you go to the beach yesterday?

3.

A. Tomorrow is a holiday we are going for a picnic.

B. Tomorrow is a holiday! we are going for a picnic.
C. Tomorrow is a holiday. We are going for a picnic.
D. Tomorrow is a holiday We are going for a picnic.

4.

A. Amin, go to sleep. Its already 12 oclock.

B. Amin, go to sleep! Its already 12 oclock.
C. Amin, go to sleep, Its already 12 oclock.
D. Amin, go to sleep? Its already 12 oclock.

5.

A. The boys like to play on the beach.

B. The boys like to play on the beach.
C. The boys like to play on the beach.
D. The boys, like to play on the beach.

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6.

A. Which, do you prefer chicken rice, or fried rice?

B. Which do you prefer, chicken rice or fried rice!
C. Which do you prefer, chicken rice or fried rice?
D. Which, do you prefer? chicken rice, or fried rice?

7.

A. Kamal and Chan are waiting for me, at the bus stop.
B. Kamal, and Chan are waiting for me, at the bus stop.
C. Kamal and Chan, are waiting for me, at the bus stop.
D. Kamal and Chan are waiting for me at the bus stop.

8.

A. Ouch! That injection hurts.

B. Ouch? That injection hurts.
C. Ouch. That injection hurts.
D. Ouch, That injection hurts.

9.

A. The girl asked may I have fried rice and chicken, please.
B. The girl asked, May I have fried rice and chicken, please.
C. The girl asked may I have fried rice and chicken, please?
D. The girl asked, May I have fried rice and chicken, please?

10.

A. Wake up! We are l

ate for school, said Alisa.

B. Wake up! We are late for school, Said Alisa.

C. Wake up! we are late for school said Alisa.
D. Wake up! we are late for school! said Alisa.

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11.

A. Hooray we won the game! shouted the boys.

B. Hooray we won the game, shouted the boys.
C. Hooray. We won the game! shouted the boys.
D. Hooray! We won the game, shouted the boys.

12.

A. Can you please help me solve this problem?

B. Can you please help me solve this problem.
C. Can you please help me, solve this problem.
D. Can you please help me, solve this problem?

13.

A. Mary and Gopal bought some apple juice from the shop.
B. Mary and Gopal bought some Apple Juice from the shop.
C. Mary and Gopal bought some apple juice, from the shop.
D. Mary and Gopal, bought some apple Juice from the shop.

14.

A. Peters house is in Jalan Pandan but Alis house is in Jalan Kilat.

B. Peters house is in Jalan Pandan but Alis house is in jalan kilat.
C. Peters house is in Jalan Pandan, but Alis house is in Jalan

Kilat.

D. Peters house is in Jalan Pandan but Alis house is in Jalan Kilat.

15.

A. Would you like chicken rice, or noodles, Johan! asked Puan Laila.
B. Would you like chicken rice or noodles Johan? asked Puan Laila.
C. Would you like chicken rice

or noodles, Johan? asked Puan Laila.

D. Would you like chicken rice or noodles, Johan! asked Puan Laila.

16.

A. He saw a Crocodile at the National Zoo on Sunday.

B. He saw, a crocodile at the national zoo on Sunday.
C. He saw a crocodile at the National Zoo on Sunday.
D. He saw a crocodile at the National Zoo on sunday.
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17.

A. The following names will have to see me first : Jackie, Kamal and Maria.
B. The following names will have to see me first ; Jackie, Kamal and Maria.
C. The following names will have to see me first . Jackie, Kamal and Maria.
D. The following names will have to see me first , Jackie, Kamal and Maria.

18.

A. It is too cold in this room I have to wear a jacket.

B. It is too cold in this room , I have to wear a jacket.
C. It is too cold in this room . I have to wear a jacket
D. It is too cold in this room ; I have to wear a jacket.

19.

A. The teacher asked, Who is absent today?

B. The Teacher asked, Who is absent today?
C. The teacher asked, who is absent today?
D The teacher asked, Who is absent today!

20.

A. I like your sister; she is a good friend of mine.

B. i like your sister? she is a good friend of mine.
C. I like your Sister; she is a good friend of mine,
D. I like your sister she is a good friend

21.

of mine.

A. Lina uses only three colours for this picture : yellow, green and purple.
B. Lina uses only three colours for this picture ,Yellow, Green and Purple.
C. Lina uses only, three colours for this picture . yellow, green and purple.
D. Lina uses only three colours for this picture , yellow, green and purple

22.

A. Get out now! The blazing fire is too hot to handle! shouted the fireman.
B. Get out now, The blazing fire is too hot to handle? shouted the fireman.
C. Get out now! The blazing fire is too hot to handle! shouted the fireman.
D. get out now! The blazing fire is too hot to handle! Shouted the fireman.
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23.

A. Help! Help! The dog bit me.

B. Anand and eva are twelve years old. They are friends.
C. When I saw the accident. I phoned the ambulance immediately.
D. My brother bought a few things for me , a cap, a pair of shoes and
stockings.

24. The broom is longer than the feather duster _____ Is it long enough to reach
the kite which is hanging on that tree_____
i

ii

iii

iv

i and ii

iii and iv

ii and iv

i and iii

25. _______________ is 421metres high above ground level which was officially
launched in 1996 by _______________.
i

Kuala Lumpur Tower

ii

Kuala Lumpur tower

iii

Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad

iv

Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad

i and iii

ii and iii

i and iv

ii and iv

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Exercise 3 Fill in the blanks with suitable answers.

full stop (.)

exclamation mark (!)

apostrophe ()

comma (,)

colon (:)

quotation marks (_) (_)

question mark (?)

semicolon (;)

Capital Letters

1. The capital city of Malaysia is ________________ .

2. My teacher lives at Lot 23, Jalan Anggerik, 26600 Pekan, Pahang _____
3. I need to buy a piece of coloured paper _____ a marker pen and a stapler.
4. Her mother said, _____wash your hand first before you have your lunch.
5. Are you having problems with your bicycle again, Ramesh_____
6. The boys_____ books which were on the table were missing.
7. Encik Zailan woke up late _____ he came late to work.
8. These are the things that I want to sell _____ a watch, a fountain pen and a pair of
leather shoes.
9. Be careful_____ There is a fierce dog heading your way.
10. She wasnt at home___ __ was she?

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