What I learned: This week I learned about discourse communities and how beneficial they can

be towards your writing. Discourse communities are made up of people with common interests
and public goals. They can help you communicate amongst each other and share information so
youre not doing all of the research yourself. I also learned about the importance of headings.
Readers take a few seconds to skim headings and see if the writing interests them, so you have to
have interesting headings. I am planning on spending a lot of time on my headings for my
Wikipedia entry so people actually read them. Although my captions have to be informative for
my entry, I will still try to grasp the audiences attention to keep them interested. We also spent a
few minutes in class looking at the different parts that made up different Wikipedia entries. By
looking at two different Wikipedia entries, I got a solid idea of how I want to make mine. I am
going to use these ideas to build an outline for what I want to include in my entry. I feel this will
make it easier to go in and fill in all of the information necessary rather than getting drowned in a
ton of information and not knowing what to do with it.
Audience: I am writing for anyone interested in the game of basketball. Whether it is someone
who simply likes watching or playing the game, or a coach, basically anyone interested in the
game will be drawn to my Wikipedia entry. This entry is also great for people who specifically
live in California. Although I will be including a lot of information about the game of basketball,
this entry is meant for basketball in California. I will include some of the most exclusive places
where someone can play basketball. This article will be for people of a range of ages because
people of all ages love sports. I think my audience will like information from the internet
because most people use the internet to research this sport. I will also be including some of the
best players in the NBA from California. Most of these players are already retired, and people
who are interested in them have to use the internet to research them and watch their highlights.
Sources:
1. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000291490400044X
This article is all about the man who created basketball. He created the game when he was a
teacher and was asked to make up a game to keep the kids entertained. James ended up creating
the game of basketball and made up 13 rules within the hour. I would like to include the origins
of basketball because my article is about basketball in California. I would like to include some of
the rules he made up and compare them to the rules the game is played by today. I feel that the
history about the game will interest my audience.
Quotes:
a. The 30-year-old Naismith (Figure 1) recalled a game he used to play as a
child, called Duck on a Rock. It involved lobbing small stones up at a
softball-sized rock on a boulder about 20 feet away. He got the idea of putting
boxes (the janitor could only find peach baskets) on the ends of the indoor
gymnasium, nailed 10 feet high on the overhead running track. A soccer ball
was used initially. After a goal, the ball was either poked out of the basket
with a pole or lifted out by someone on a stepladder.
b. Naismith scribbled a list of 13 rules in just an hour. The size of each team
would depend on the square footage of the indoor (or outdoor) court and could
range from 5 to 9 individuals.
Credibility: I found this source on Google Scholar. It seems very credible because it is taken
from the American Journal of Cardiology. Also the references used to create this piece are also

reliable due to the fact that they come from a book all about the creator of basketball. This article
was written by John D Cantwell, who happens to be a MD, showing his high level of education.
This piece was written in 2004, which isnt too long ago so it is pretty much up to date with the
facts I need.
2. http://sportpsych.mcgill.ca/pdf/publications/Systemic_Observation_Study_1999.pdf
This source does a study on some of the greatest college basketball coaches in California.
Their teaching behaviors were observed and connected back to the overall success of the
team. This article does a study of two kinds of behavior: reactive and spontaneous. I
would like to add this to my Wikipedia entry because Im sure basketball coaches will be
a main target audience of my article and they can get some insight on coaching behaviors
and relate it to their teams. The way the coaches acted towards their team reflected on
how the team played overall. The support as well as the instruction these coaches
provided to their players was also studied. This could be helpful in my article because it
shows how behavioral choices effect the team as a whole and I know basketball players
will be interested in this.
Quotes:
a. Consisting of 12 categories, the CBAs deals with two major classes of
coaches behaviors: reactive and spontaneous.
b. A systematic observation analysis was performed on Fresno States mens
basketball coach Jerry Tarkanian over the course of an entire season.
Credibility: This source is credible because the research was conducted through California State
University, Fresno. It was published through Human Kinetics which is a reliable publisher. It was
also referenced through the Sports Psychologist which shows this research is trustworthy and
was actually done. This source was taken from a book and since it was published we can trust
that this information is true and reliable in its accuracy.
3. http://www.ncaa.com/schools/california/basketball-men
This source shows all of the NCAA teams for basketball in California. It gives a detailed
schedule of times and places of where these teams play. I want to get a full schedule of the
teams that play in California as well as their records. I would like to compare the records of
the teams in California to other teams in other states. I feel this will really give my audience a
taste of what basketball is like in California compared to other states. This site also provides
players who play one each team in California. We can see which players are doing the best.
We can also compare players in California to players in other states on my Wikipedia entry
using this source.
Quotes:
a. Six Trojans average in double figures, from 13.5 to 10.6. All have led the team in
scoring in a game. Their shots per game range from 10.6 to 7.5.
b. USC has broken 100 points four times. Before this season, the Trojans hadnt
done that since 2002.
c. Enfield set an NCAA all-division record with a 92.5 career free throw shooting
percentage in the early 1990s. He took 466 free throws as a collegian, and missed
only 35. Hes now No. 3 on the all-time list.
Credibility: This source is credible because it is from the NCAA website. There isnt a place to
get more accurate information for a corporation other than its own website. The game schedules

and rosters are created by the NCAA and put up on the website through the NCAA. This source
also has up to date information from today and also includes information from the past. This
source is published by Turner Sports Interactive which is a reliable publisher. All of the college
basketball information comes from the NCAA, so I think this is the best source to use.
Outline:
Basketball Basics
a. who invented it
b. how it started
c. what are the rules
d. equipment
Basketball in California
a. best places to play basketball in California
b. best players from NBA in California
a. The NCAA in California
- Studies of coaches in California
References
a. Footnotes
b. Sources
Overview: Basketball is one of the most loved sports in America today. From young children
who are just learning how to play to the game, to coaches who are trying to obtain as much
knowledge as they possibly can, everyone simply loves the game. Basketball includes many
rules and regulations and even has certain attire. The game can be played by men and women or
even children or adults. It is played all around the world, but one of the places that has the most
exciting basketball spirit would have to be California. From several of the worlds best players
ever coming from California, to holding some of the best NCAA teams in this state, California
has a great basketball history. In California we have some of the most exclusive places to play a
pick-up game and you may even spot your favorite celebrity. Before we get into the details, let
begin on how basketball even started.
Back to the Basics- where it all started
- James Naismith invented basketball
- He was a physician and thought of the idea when teaching
- The 30-year-old Naismith (Figure 1) recalled a game he used to play as a child, called
Duck on a Rock. It involved lobbing small stones up at a softball-sized rock on a
boulder about 20 feet away.
o He used a previous game he played to help him come up with basketball
- He had to create his own rules
o Naismith scribbled a list of 13 rules in just an hour. The size of each team would
depend on the square footage of the indoor (or outdoor) court and could range
from 5 to 9 individuals.
Compare these rules to todays rules
How to play (subsection)
- The basics (offense and defense)
The ball is moved down the court toward the basket by passing or
dribbling. The team with the ball is called the offense. The team without

the ball is called the defense. They try to steal the ball, contest shots, steal
and deflect passes, and garner rebounds.
o Defensive fouls
o Offensive fouls
How these are dealt with
Personal fouls include any type of illegal physical contact.
Hitting
Pushing
Slapping
Holding
Illegal pick/ screen -- when an offensive player is moving. When
an offensive player sticks out a limb and makes physical contact
with a defender in an attempt to block the path of the defender.
o Overall goal for each team
Defensive wants to stop the ball
Offensive wants to score by using their best techniques
Offensive -- The center's goal is to get open for a pass and to
shoot. They are also responsible for blocking defenders, known as
picking or screening, to open other players up for driving to the
basket for a goal. Centers are expected to get some offensive
rebounds and put-backs.
Equipment (subsection 2)
- ball used for men vs. women
- jersey with shorts
- standard shoes
Basketball in California
Most Exclusive Places to join in on a game in California
o celebrity sightings near Hollywood outdoor courts
What can spice up a basketball game like an occasional celebrity
sighting? Located close to Hollywood, players at the Pan Pacific Park are
definitely within star-watching range. Manny Pacquiao ran here before he
lost to Floyd Mayweather. But with full-sized courts and a great view of
the California hills, Pan Pacific Park still works for those who could care
less about celebrities.
o Other benefits of playing at these specific courts
These parts have a little bit of everything: Tennis courts, a baseball
diamond, an indoor gym. This is your spot if you want to try some sort of
weird, multi-sport triathlon.
o Beach locations
Best Players from NBA in California (Subsection 1)
- Miller and Riverside California
Miller was born in Riverside, CA. He was a UCLA product. In 2000, he

made his only trip to the NBA Finals. He is the NBAs all-time leader in
three-point field goals made with 2,560.
-

Kobe Bryant
o Include info about shoes
- Magic Johnson
o In his career, Magic won 5 titles in 8 trips to the NBA Finals. Magic, despite
retiring after contracting HIV in 1991, won an Olympic gold medal in 1992 with
fellow Hall of Fame players Michael Jordan, Larry Bird, John Stockton, and
David Robinson on the fabled USA Dream Team.
The NCAA in California (Subsection 2)
- teams participating from California
- teams records from California compared to other states
- teams in the spotlight
o Six Trojans average in double figures, from 13.5 to 10.6. All have led the team in
scoring in a game. Their shots per game range from 10.6 to 7.5.
o USC has broken 100 points four times. Before this season, the Trojans hadnt
done that since 2002.
Studying Coaches in California (Subsection 3)
-what was studied
-how it affected players
-how did coaching effect teams overall success
a. Consisting of 12 categories, the CBAs deals with two major classes of
coaches behaviors: reactive and spontaneous.
b. A systematic observation analysis was performed on Fresno States mens
basketball coach Jerry Tarkanian over the course of an entire season.
Citations:
A Systematic Observation Study of the Teaching Behaviors of an Expert Basketball
Coach. (1999): 157-70. Sports Psychologist. Human Kinetics, 1999. Web. 18 Oct. 2016.
<http://sportpsych.mcgill.ca/pdf/publications/Systemic_Observation_Study_1999.pdf>.
Cantwell, John D. "The Physician Who Invented Basketball." Sciencedirect.com.
Elsevier, 15 Apr. 2004. Web. 18 Oct. 2016.
<http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000291490400044X>.
France, R.S De. "Top 10 Best Basketball Players All-time in California | The Hoop
Doctors." The Hoop Doctors RSS. N.p., 29 Sept. 2009. Web. 15 Oct. 2016.
<http://thehoopdoctors.com/2009/09/top-10-best-basketball-players-all-time-in-california/>.
Josephs, Brian. "The Best Outdoor Courts for Playing Pick-Up Basketball in L.A."
Complex. Complex Inc, 27 Jan. 2016. Web. 15 Oct. 2016.
<http://www.complex.com/sports/2016/01/the-best-outdoor-courts-for-playing-pick-upbasketball-in-la/>.
Marshall, Al. "Site Search." Basketball Basics. N.p., 2016. Web. 15 Oct. 2016.
<https://www.breakthroughbasketball.com/basics/basics.html>.

/.latest_citation_text
NCAA.com, Mike Lopresti |. "College Basketball: 23 Things You Should Know about
USC." NCAA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, 14 Jan. 2016. Web. 21 Oct. 2016.
<http://www.ncaa.com/news/basketball-men/article/2016-01-14/college-basketball-23-thingsyou-should-know-about-usc>.
Problems Encountered:
When using sources my main problem came about when I had to decide if my sources
were credible enough or not. I was able to slowly work through this problem by using Purdue
OWL. Sometimes while writing I dont really know how to work in my quotes from a source.
This is one of the problems Stedman discussed. I will work on fixing this problem in my
Wikipedia entry by setting the stage for my readings before dropping in a quote. This is what
Stedman advises and it seems reasonable enough. Stedman also advises that writers use quotes in
a way a reader is prepared, can read the quote, and then analyze it. This is a great outline for
fixing my problem and I can review my own writing my asking myself if my quotes are set up in
this way so they make sense to my audience. Another problem I tend to have is using too many
references or quotes to support my ideas. Stedman names this problem as well and states that
readers begin to rely on the quotes as their source of information in an essay rather than your
actual writing. A great way to prevent this in my Wikipedia entry is to limit the amount of quotes
I use and only use them when I feel they are necessary for the reader to understand whats going
on.