Ultrasound inspection

-how to determine the angle r ? (what factors to consider)

-Which materials can be study?
-It is a mobile equipment?
-Frequency and wavelength?
-How can we determine the depth of internal flaws? (carved surfaces, hollow specimens)
-Applications? (Medicine, airplanes..)
-What is the minimal/maximum thickness of a wall we can determine?
-Hard for complicated parts?
-Intensity of ultrasound -> how deep it can go?
-Does surface quality affect when using this?
-Time of testing
-Experience
-What is the source of interference?
Thermal inspection methods
-To inspect defects related to temperature change
-non-metallic materials are easier to deform with T? or uneven heat distribution
-How this method shows defects on materials?
-Thermal properties
-What kind of samples can be measured?
-Which defects can we find?
-Temperature conductivity of examinated material
-price: cheap / expensive?
-examination conditions? (vacuum?)
Liquid penetrant inspection (LPI)
-surface only (smooth roughness)
-what kinds of liquids are used? (viscosity, wettability, color of liquid)
-Minimum size of a crack which is still detectable?
-is environment effecting to usage?
-does method work on every material?
-how expensive?
-what is the developer?
-How quick is this method compare with another?
-Can we use this method in low temperatures?
-How to clean the surface after inspection?
Visual inspection (VI)
-only surface inspection
-for all kinds of materials
-strongly depending on the experience of inspector
-detectable crack size is bigger than other methods
-pre-inspection method
-measurement of flaws (range, resolution), automation
-is it very expensive?
Acoustic emission (AE)
-what kind of targets can be measured?
-how to measure materials under load?
-which materials can we study?
-what is the principle?

-lifetime of sensors?
-it need the standard frequency of the material?
Radiographic testing or industrial radiography
-how to determine the position and distance from material surface of radiation source?
-applications (X-ray, gammarays)
-safety (range of radiation)
-is it cost efficient?
-which information about the material can we collect?
-sample size?
-material?
-can we see the depth of a flaw?
-it is hard to understand the information for the test result?
-mobility?
Magnetic methods
-used to detect flaws on welds in nuclear power plants
-depth/thickness of specimen (applications)
-magnetic properties & magnetic flux to be induced & magnetic particles -> limitation
-speed, crack size?
-what is used as a magnetic particle?
-which materials (kind of steels) are non-magnetic?
-methods of demagnetizing after inspection?
-cheap method in compare with radiographic or ultrasonic, by what about precision?
Eddy current testing (EC)
-learn more about applications
-value of the current?
-how fast is this method?
-can be used to find flaws in heat exchanger tubes to be further inspected
-do we need special conditions for measurements?
-how can we deduce the size of the crack?
-size/thickness of the sample?
-only used in conductive mateials