Proteoglycans

Glycoproteins
Lipopolysaccharides

(Dr.) Mirza Salman Baig

Assistant Professor (Pharmaceutics)
AIKTC, School of Pharmacy,New Panvel
Affiliated to University of Mumbai (INDIA)

Proteoglycans
Proteoglycans are macromolecules of the cell
surface or extracellular matrix in which one or
more glycosaminoglycan (heparin
produced by mast cells) chains are joined
covalently to a membrane protein or a
secreted protein.
The glycosaminoglycan moiety commonly
forms the greater fraction (bymass) of
the proteoglycan molecule, dominates the
struc-ture
Proteoglycans are major components of
connective tissue such as cartilage

Proteoglycans
They form extracellular matrix, between
cells in an organism.
They form connective tissue such as
collagen and aggrecan .
They are also involved in binding cations
(such as sodium, potassium and calcium)
and water, and also regulating the
movement of molecules through the matrix.
They serve as joint lubricants in biological
system.

Glycoproteins
Glycoproteins have one or several
oligosaccharides joined covalently to a protein by
N-glycosidic linkage/ O-glycosidic linkage via
Aspargine /Serin/Threonine.
They are found on the outer face of the
plasma membrane, in the extracellular matrix,
and in the blood.
Inside cells they are found in specific organelles
such as Golgi complexes, secretory granules,
and lysosomes.
The oligosaccharide portions of glycoproteins are
less monotonous than proteoglycans
Sugar component in minor

Glycoproteins
Glycoproteins contain covalently linked
oligosaccharides that are smaller but
more structurally complex, and
therefore more information-rich,
than glycosaminoglycans.
They form highly specific sites for
recognition and high-affinity binding by
other proteins.

Lipopolysaccharides
Lipopolysaccharides are the dominant
surface feature of the outer membrane of
gram-negative bacteria such as
Escherichia coli and Salmonella
typhimurium.
These molecules are prime targets of
the antibodies produced by the
vertebrate immune system in response to
bacterial infection.
Therefore important determinants of the
serotype of bacterial strains (serotypes
are strains that are distinguished on the
basis of antigenic properties).

Lipopolysaccharides
The lipopolysaccharides of some
bacteria are toxic to humans and
other animals
They are responsible for the
dangerously lowering blood
pressure that occurs in toxic shock
syndrome resulting from gram
negative bacterial infections