Zozos_APWH

Chapter 20 Pre Test

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____

1. The Japanese called their warriors

a. daimyo.
b. samurai.
c. yujo.
d. renmin.
e. danzaemon.

____

2. Which of the following factors did NOT lead to political unification in Japan between 1500-1800?
a. Relatively small size.
b. A culturally homogenous population.
c. Natural boundaries.
d. Emphasis on feudalism
e. None of these

____

3. In 1592, after years of civil war, Hideyoshi

a. launched an invasion of Korea and China.
b. was killed by his palace guard.
c. successfully pacified the country by outlawing all weapons.
d. converted to Buddhism.
e. renounced violence in all forms.

____

4. One of the consequences of Japanese aggression in the sixteenth century was

a. the creation of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.
b. the defeat of weakened Chinese armies by the Manchu.
c. the complete defeat of Japanese forces.
d. the alliance formed between China, the Manchus, and Japan.
e. the destruction of the Manchu Empire.

____

5. After the period of civil wars ended in Japan,

a. Japanese leaders fragmented into many feuding castes.
b. Korea invaded Japan.
c. Japanese leaders resigned, thus allowing a true democracy to form.
d. Japanese leaders established the Tokugawa Shogunate, a centralized military government.
e. China invaded Japan.

____

6. The main form of economic exchange in the Tokugawa Shogunate was

a. cash.
b. land.
c. political power.
d. rice.
e. stock options.

____

7. Which Japanese city emerged as one of the world's most populous centers of trade by the late 17th century?
a. Osaka
b. Honshu
c. Edo
d. Nagasaki
e. Kyoto

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8. The group within the Tokugawa era that weakened centralized economic policies was the
a. daimyo
b. shoguns
c. merchants
d. samurai
e. scholars

____

9. The term "Dutch studies" referred to

a. a period in Japanese history that corresponded to the "tulip period" of the Safavid empire.
b. a partnership between Japanese merchants and the VOC for trading of porcelain.
c. Japanese who learned about European weapons, shipbuilding and sciences.
d. the requirement by the Emperor that Christian missionaries must learn Japanese as the
Dutch had done.
e. a learning curve as the Dutch traders attacked the technologically inferior Japanese, who
adapted their technology to overthrow the merchants later.

____ 10. The Japanese response to the Society of Jesus or the Jesuits was
a. to officially welcome it with open arms.
b. to murder every Jesuit that entered the country.
c. to adopt Catholic beliefs.
d. to blend Shinto, Buddhist, and Catholic belief systems.
e. mixed; while some were opposed to it, others were attracted.
____ 11. In the 1630s the Japanese government
a. adopted an "open door" policy in regards to foreign trade.
b. largely closed Japan to European trade and Christian influence.
c. encouraged the people to choose an economic system.
d. encouraged the people to choose a religious system.
e. opened up trade to England only.
____ 12. Which of the following did not contribute to Tokugawa Japan's instability?
a. The samurai went into debt.
b. The merchants gained in power.
c. The government remained traditional in a society that was changing.
d. The introduction of Christianity caused Buddhism to die out.
e. Population and economic growth put a strain on resources.
____ 13. A ronin was
a. a moneylender.
b. an elite minister of the shogun.
c. a merchant.
d. a masterless follower who had lost his samurai.
e. a Buddhist monk.
____ 14. European visitors to Ming China in the sixteenth century were
a. dissatisfied with the quality of Chinese goods.
b. trying to convince the Chinese to accept the Russian presence in Manchuria.
c. buying huge quantities of opium, which was unavailable in Europe at the time.
d. astonished at its power, manufacturing, and vast population.
e. unimpressed by China's grandeur.
____ 15. What was the main reason for population decline in the rural areas of Ming China?
a. Moving to the cities to participate in manufacturing
b. Bubonic plague
c. Lack of agricultural innovation and crop fungus
d. European invasion
e. Economic depression

____ 16. Which empire replaced the Ming Empire of China?

a. Qing Empire
b. Han Empire
c. Yuan Empire
d. Yi Empire
e. Qin Empire
____ 17. When Li Zicheng overthrow Beijing, the Ming empire turned for help to whom?
a. The Japanese Ronin.
b. Mongolian Buddhists
c. Manchu soldiers from the Northeast
d. Rebel forces from the Southwest
e. Korean private armies eager to overthrow Japan.
____ 18. Although European enthusiasm for Chinese trade was high,
a. the bigotry of the West limited the market for Asian goods.
b. China produced virtually no products.
c. Western countries feared the opium trade.
d. the Chinese were slow to embrace European trade.
e. Chinese products were of inferior quality.
____ 19. Merchants from which country were the first to arrive in East Asia?
a. Spain
b. Portugal
c. England
d. Holland
e. Italy
____ 20. The VOC (Dutch East India Company) representatives gained the favor of the Chinese emperor by
a. acknowledging him with the ritual of the "kowtow."
b. providing him with concubines.
c. providing him with bribes.
d. freeing the royal family members held hostage by Ming loyalists.
e. providing him with beautiful clocks.
____ 21. What European organization was a transmitter of science and technology to China?
a. The Society of Jesus, or Jesuits
b. The Teutonic Knights
c. The Knights Templar
d. The Order of the Cross
e. The Royal Scientific Society
____ 22. Who was Matteo Ricci?
a. The man responsible for domesticating rice
b. The first European to speak Chinese and Japanese
c. The Chinese emperor's prime minister to Europe
d. A Jesuit missionary who introduced European technology to China
e. The "Marco Polo of the eighteenth century"
____ 23. Why did the Jesuits succeed more than other Christianizing organizations in China?
a. Jesuits focused on the intellectual and political elite
b. Jesuits focused on the merchants
c. Jesuits focused on conversion of the bottom of society.
d. Jesuits used syncretism to promote Buddhism as a parallel of Christianity.
e. Jesuits were banned from China.

____ 24. Who helped negotiate an act of settlement between Russia and China?
a. Ivan IV and Kangxi
b. Jesuit interpreters
c. Siberian shamas
d. Confucian scholars
e. Marco Polo's grandson
____ 25. The Treaty of Nerchinsk
a. allied the Chinese and Russians against the Germans.
b. allowed Europeans into formerly closed China.
c. gave China a communist political system.
d. fixed the northern border of China along the Amur River.
e. was violated the day after it was signed and led to a war.
____ 26. To gain converts, the Jesuits made what compromise?
a. They tolerated Confucian ancestor worship.
b. They allowed Chinese women to become priests.
c. They acknowledged the emperor to be a god on earth.
d. They broke away from the Catholic Church.
e. They freely mixed Buddhism and Confucianism into Orthodox Catholicism.
____ 27. During the Qing Empire, what new item(s) or idea(s) did Europe not gain from China?
a. Use of gunpowder
b. The practice of decorating homes with wallpaper
c. Silk, porcelain, and tea
d. The poetry written by the Qing emperors
e. An early form of inoculation
____ 28. Under the Qing, Europeans were permitted to trade only at
a. Beijing.
b. Canton.
c. Shanghai.
d. Kashgar.
e. Hunan.
____ 29. Among the cross-cultural intellectual exchanges between China and Europe, variolation was
a. when diplomats spontaneously combusted.
b. immunization by vaccine.
c. a bilingual printing of trade contracts.
d. drawing maps that showed the Eastern as well as the Western world.
e. a means by which Chinese physicians compared European anatomy to that of Asians.
____ 30. What problem did the British face with China's "Canton system"?
a. Britain couldn't meet China's demand for goods.
b. China bought few British goods.
c. China wanted British rule in Canton to facilitate trade.
d. the British wanted to go to Canton only for trade.
e. a gold deposit was required as goodwill collateral.
____ 31. The British Macartney mission was an attempt to
a. persuade China to revise its trade system.
b. find a lost British missionary, Eli Macartney.
c. assassinate the emperor's main rival.
d. convert the Chinese to Christianity.
e. establish diplomatic ties with Japan.

____ 32. Population growth in China in the 1700s led to

a. a better standard of living due to cheap labor.
b. massive unionization of Chinese workers.
c. better working conditions among artisans.
d. severe environmental problems.
e. an economic "boom" as demand for goods rose as well.
____ 33. The princes of Muscovy organized a movement of conquest and expansion against the
a. Japanese.
b. Chinese.
c. Tibetans.
d. Golden Horde.
e. Koreans.
____ 34. The predominant religion in the eastern Russian empire was
a. Orthodox Christianity.
b. Catholicism.
c. Paganism.
d. Islam.
e. Judaism.
____ 35. After 1547, the Russians used which term as the title for their leader?
a. Grand Prince
b. Emperor
c. Pasha
d. Tsar
e. King
____ 36. The motivation for Russian expansion to the east was
a. the promise of captives for religious sacrifice.
b. to free people under Japanese rule.
c. to capture the deep-water port at Vladivostock.
d. demand for animal pelts.
e. the acquisition of Siberian oil reserves.
____ 37. Why was Siberia seen as a good avenue for expansion?
a. the far north was frozen most of the time.
b. the southern ports of the black see were controlled by the Ottoman Empire.
c. The Northwest access to the Baltic was blocked by Sweden and Poland
d. There were very few inhabitants to the east.
e. All of these
____ 38. Expansion into Siberia was largely led by:
a. Merchant families like the Stroganovs
b. Imperial armies forming penal colonies.
c. Cossacks.
d. Mongols.
e. the British Muscovy trade company
____ 39. The Cossacks were
a. missionaries.
b. a Byzantine trading society at Cherson.
c. an independent tribal society of warriors.
d. an elite military force of the tsar.
e. nomadic reindeer herders of the Eastern steppe.

____ 40. The nobility in Russia were known as the ____.

a. raznochintsy
b. daimyo
c. Cossacks.
d. boyars
e. mestnichestvo
____ 41. How did the growth of a centralized Russian Empire affect the peasants?
a. Peasants became serfs, people who were tied to the land.
b. Peasants' standard of living improved to a "middle-class" level.
c. It gave the peasants the vote.
d. Peasants were deported and sent to gulags.
e. Peasants could move freely at any time to improve their lot in life.
____ 42. According to the Russian census of 1795, over half the population were
a. nobility.
b. in military service.
c. freemen.
d. serfs.
e. college educated.
____ 43. The greatest Romanov tsar was
a. Peter the Great.
b. Ivan the Terrible.
c. Nicholas III.
d. Edward II.
e. Charles VI.
____ 44. One result of the "Great Northern War" was
a. the death of Peter the Great.
b. the liberation of Constantinople.
c. Russian access to the Baltic Sea.
d. Russia's retreat into isolationism.
e. the destruction of Russia's navy.
____ 45. Peter's main goal in building up Russia was:
a. modernization in a western fashion.
b. conquest of Russia's long-term enemy, Sweden.
c. to establish trade with China where Europe had failed.
d. to extend Russian Orthodoxy and drive out Buddhism and Islam.
e. to return to the Golden Kievan era pre-Mongol invasions.
____ 46. The new city that was to be Russia's "window on the West" was
a. Stalingrad.
b. Moscow.
c. Kiev.
d. St. Petersburg.
e. Krakow.
____ 47. Why did Peter the Great attempt to Westernize Russia?
a. To join the Russian Orthodox Church
b. To end serfdom
c. To ultimately follow the British movement into political liberalization
d. To strengthen the Russian state and its autocracy
e. Because he was from the West (he inherited Russia's throne)

____ 48. Which of the following statements about China and Russia is not true?
a. Both were large land empires.
b. Both suffered large population declines in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
c. Both had armies that depended on large numbers of soldiers to defeat enemies.
d. Both used forced labor such as serfs and peasants.
e. Both tolerated diversity while trying to promote assimilation.
____ 49. Catherine the Great used three successive partitions of which area to expand Russia's borders to the West?
a. Sweden
b. Prussia
c. Lithuania
d. Poland
e. Romania