01 mm)
CHAPTER 1 : INTRO
Base Quantities
Quantities that cannot be defined in any
other physical quantity.
B.Qty
Symbol SI unit
Symbol
Length
meter
Mass
kilogram
kg
Time
second
Temperature
Kelvin
Current
Ampere
Derived Quantities
Quantities derived from base quantities (through
mathematical combinations).
Systematic Error
Random Error
Apparatus
Sensitivity
Ruler
Low, 1 mm (0.1cm)
Vernier caliper
Micrometer
screw gauge
Medium, 0.1 mm
(0.01cm)
High, 0.01 mm
********************************
Cara Hafal
Gradient = Acceleration
Velocity
AB &
CD
BC
DE
Uniform Decceleration
= - acceleration)
(- gradient
DISPLACEMENT, s
Gradient = Velocity
B3
AB
uniform(steady) velocity
AB2
B2
CD
rest (v = 0)
If the graph is horizontal,
it means that the object
is at rest.
DE
uniform velocity in
opposite direction(gradient) towards the
starting point
AB3
Gradient keep on
increasing velocity
increasing (hv
acceleration)
TIME, t
TIPS
Mat
Materials
Arab
Arrangement
TIDUR
Thickness //
Diameter of
wire
Diameter of
coil // Area
Length of
spring
DALAM
LORI
CHAPTER 3 : PRESSURE
Forces in Equilibrium
Conditions :
The object will either be
1. at rest
2. move with constant
velocity.
The height, h will remains unchanged
when
(i) the diameter of the glass tube
increases
(ii) the glass tube is tilted
(iii) the glass tube is lowered further
into the dish
(iv) the glass tube is lifted up from the
dish
(v) the quantity of mercury in the dish
is increased
The height, h will decreases when
(i) the vacuum space in the glass tube is
filled with gas
(ii) the barometer is carried out to a
mountain
_____________________________
It is to ensure that
a ship is loaded
within safe limits
Equation
for buoyant 1. Buoyant force = Weight of fluid displaced
2. Buoyant force = Vg
force
3. Buoyant force = Weight object in air weight in water
CHAPTER 4 : HEAT
What are
characteristics of
mercury that makes it
suitable as a liquid-inglass thermometer?
CHAPTER 5 : LIGHT
Natural
Phenomenon
involving
Total Internal
Reflection
Application
involving Total
Internal
Reflection
1. Mirages
2. Rainbow
3.Sunset
Prism
Periscope,
Prism
Binoculars,
Optic fiber
Optical
fibers
Advantage
Simple Microscope
Application : to magnified the image
Lens : a convex lens
Object distance: less than the focal length of the lens, u < f
Characteristics of image: virtual, upright, magnified
The magnifying power increases if the focal length of the
lens is shorter
Compound Microscope
Application: to view very small objects like microorganisms
Uses 2 powerful convex lenses of short focal lengths.
Objective lens:
Eyepiece lens:
Focal length fo for objective lens is shorter than the focal
length for eyepiece lens, fe
Object to observed must be placed between F0 and 2F0
st
Characteristics of 1 image: real, inverted, magnified
The eyepiece lens is used as a magnifying glass to magnify
the first image formed by the objective lens.
The eyepiece lens must be positioned so that the first
image is between the lens and Fe, the focal point of the
eyepiece lens.
Characteristics of final image formed by the eyepiece lens:
virtual, upright and magnified.
Normal Adjustment: The distance between the lenses is
greater than the sum of their individual; focal length (fo + fe)
Telescope
Application : view very distant objects like the planets and
the stars.
Made up of two convex lenses :Objective lens and
eyepiece lens
Focal length fo for objective lens is longer than the focal
length for eyepiece lens, fe