Aquaculture Using Method of Offshore Fish Farming for

Food Security
Asfarur Ridlwan
Department of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Marine Technology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh
Nopember Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
Indonesia as maritime country has 75% sea area of the country of Indonesia. According
to the Directorate General of Fisheries in 2009, the potential of fisheries production reached
6.7 million tons per year. However, fishery production in the national average of 45%, or
about 3 million tons per year. The low production eventually causes the sub-sector the
fisheries on the foreign national exports also be relatively low, which is about 7.6% of total
foreign exchange, to the coastal communities that depend as fishermen to find the fish. And
so it's very influential to the economy of coastal communities.
The use of fishery resource in an optimal is still facing many obstacles, such as catching
wild fish (the sea and freshwater). The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) said that
nearly 30 percent of fish stocks in the world exploited, having a little reduction in production
from the previous two years. The practice of the intensive with a fishing boat that is modern,
supported partly by subsidies was of the fisheries, has led to the depletion of fish stocks.
Climate change also poses a threat to fish in the sea. Fluktuasi the water temperature, ocean
currents, and on biogeochemical will lead a decline in productivity of fisheries (Sumaila et al,
2011 ; Diaz and Rosenberg, 2008). For that we need a technology of fish that is more easily
controlled, environmentally friendly, and sustainable.

Figure 1. Production of the World Fish Catch vs Aquaculture 1950-2010

(Source: FAO 2012)
Application of aquaculture in Indonesia is still dominated by businessmen in the field of
fisheries the middle class up. it's going to take the role of the government directly to help
traditional fishermen could have the technology aquaculture, improve management treatment
and the commercial fisheries.

Aquaculture is one of the container as a place to fish farming or marine life. The
development of aquaculture, of course, can have the potential to encourage the fisheries to the
green economy by encouraging sustainable management of the long run of the fisheries and
improve the supply of fish. In addition to the application of green technology through
technology, aquaculture and management of the harvest of fish get better, including
monitoring of fish, and awareness of the supervision of the coastal areas will be more
attention.
In the essay is this writer have innovation on the efforts that can be done to optimize the
fishery resource with fish farming using a technique offshore fish farming. Offshore fish
farming is one technique floating aquaculture (fish farming by using floating net). Innovation
of the design of floating aquaculture in the design of environmentally friendly by using
material from the bamboo swab. It's swab was chosen because it's more economical,
environmentally friendly, and easily available. In addition, bamboo has bouyancy that floats
can be good on the surface of sea water.
Here is the initial design in the manufacture of aquaculture:
The
Road

Bouy

Figure 2. Top View

Net

Figure 3. 3D Design

Ballas
t

Figure 4. Design Side View

Based on Figure 3 and Figure 4 can be seen that the function of design components as
follows:

Moorin

a. A place the way as one of the roads that will be used when the cultivation has begun
to harvest
b. The buoy as a component to provide bouyancy against structural design
c. Nets as a container cultivation, where in the bottom of the net was given a kind of a
chain around the net. Ballast own serve to the net, it hasn't moved mainstream
d. Mooring as components for connecting the structure and ground with the help anchor
so that the structure does not move with the current extreme.
e. Mooring ballast function for mooring steadfastly and avoid random between the
ropes.
From Figure 2 Analysis of the structural response of floating aquaculture is necessary to
know the behavior of the waves against the structure that will be created. One of the main
parameters is the analysis of RAO (Response Amplitude Operator) that can be calculated by
using software MOSES. So before simulation software must be calculated in advance the
total load design.
In the cultivation of the author of the IMTA (Integrated Multi Trophic Aquaculture),
one of the shape of mariculture on to the provision of services ecosystem by an organism
trofik low (such as shellfish and seaweed) the adjusted as mitigation of the waste from the
level of trofik high (As fish) (White, 2007 in Jianguang et al, 2009). IMTA focuses on the
ability of the species in ecosystems so any particular species has different functions such as
karnivore, herbivore, detritus and filter feeder (absorbing particles) so that the balance of the
ecosystem could well preserved.

Figure 5. Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA). (Chopin, 2009)

Source: (high school fisheries, 2015)
IMTA as a solution to environmentally friendly and sustainable from aquaculture or
fishery cultivation. The Matrix IMTA on 5 above explain the system IMTA from fish : Feed
her fish are given in the container is not everything can be converted into meat and the rest of
it into ammonia and the CO2 from the gills as metabolism and feces from the results of the
rest of the absorption by the body. The stool or waste the rest of the feed can be used by
animals that eat the rest of or detritus like sea cucumber, abalone, lobster and sea urchins.
Waste in the form of suspense or small gas used by the filter feeders such as shellfish. Waste

in the form of inorganic or in the form of a solution is not utilized by the animals to be
nutrients for seaweed for the body and developing countries and indirectly the transformation
from a compound that can not be used as a compound that utilized for something else.
The potential in the development of IMTA in Indonesia are perfectly matched in practice
through the cultivation of fish with a floating aquaculture to build the cultivation of fisheries
a sustainable and environmentally friendly.

REFERENCES
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